CN104241729A - Water cooling and composite phase change material combined power battery heat dissipating device - Google Patents
Water cooling and composite phase change material combined power battery heat dissipating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104241729A CN104241729A CN201410509410.9A CN201410509410A CN104241729A CN 104241729 A CN104241729 A CN 104241729A CN 201410509410 A CN201410509410 A CN 201410509410A CN 104241729 A CN104241729 A CN 104241729A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water cooling and composite phase change material combined power battery heat dissipating device which comprises a box body and a base plate arranged at the bottom of the box body, wherein a water inflow channel and a water outflow channel which are used for accommodating cooling water are respectively arranged inside the base plate and along two long edges, aperture passages communicated with the water inflow channel and the water outflow channel respectively are arranged on the upper surface of the base plate and along the two long edges, tabular micro-channel heat exchangers are arranged on the base plate at certain intervals in the length direction, micropore flow passages are arranged inside the tabular micro-channel heat exchangers, the two end ports of each micropore flow passage are respectively connected with an aperture passage I communicated with the water inflow channel and an aperture passage II communicated with the water outflow channel, and spaces formed by the tabular micro-channel heat exchangers, the base plate and the box body are filled with a composite phase change material. The water cooling and composite phase change material combined power battery heat dissipating device provided by the invention has the advantages of high heat accumulation and heat dissipation rates, convenience in operation and maintenance, low cost and the like, can be used for heat dissipation of high-power and quick charge-discharge power batteries, and can improve the working performance and the reliability of batteries.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to temperature of powered cell control technology field, relate to the heat dissipating method of electrokinetic cell, be specifically related to a kind of device be combined with composite phase-change material for the water-cooled of electrokinetic cell heat radiation.
Background technology
Electric automobile because of have pollution-free, noise is little, structure is simple, easy maintenance and energy conversion efficiency advantages of higher, has become the developing direction of future automobile.Electrokinetic cell as electric automobile heart is the power producer of automobile, is also the key factor of restriction Development of Electric Vehicles.
In recent years, electrokinetic cell becomes the main flow power supply of electric automobile gradually.In electric automobile, normally by multiple cell in different forms serial or parallel connection be fitted together formation cell apparatus, to provide required voltage or capacity.Because battery himself temperature in charge and discharge process can raise, and charge-discharge magnification higher time heat up faster, especially for the device that multiple cell forms, the gathering of temperature is faster, this will have a strong impact on optimum working performance and the life-span of battery, and battery generation vigorous combustion also can be caused time serious even to blast.Therefore, temperature is very large to the performance impact of cell apparatus, too high, the too low and unbalanced performance that all can affect battery of temperature.
At present, the mode that power battery device mainly adopts Forced Air Convection to conduct heat carries out cooling, namely air is forced to be taken away by its heat in the flowing of single battery shell, due to shortcomings such as the conductive coefficient of air are low, thermal capacitance is little, cause thermal transmission coefficient little, cooling efficiency is low, and the flowing of air in cell apparatus is uneven will affect the temperature consistency of cell apparatus.And utilize phase-change material in solid-liquid phase change process, have temperature stabilization and the advantage compared with high heat storage density, effectively can improve the heat dispersion of cell apparatus.Patent CN200910039125.4, CN200910184584.1, CN200510073005.8 are proposed and utilize phase-change material to carry out the method for cooling to battery, but the phase-change material that these patents relate to mainly paraffin, comprises polyethylene glycol, octadecyl alcolol, neopentyl glycol, thiacyclohexane etc. in addition.In order to improve the heat conductivility of phase-change material, in paraffin, with the addition of aluminium powder/carbon dust compound, aluminium powder, graphite or carbon nano-tube respectively.Because the phase-change materials such as paraffin have leakage and the volumetric expansion problem of liquid when undergoing phase transition, this encapsulation to cell apparatus requires higher, and, directly in phase-change material, add high thermal conductivity coefficient powder, although the heat conductivility of phase-change material can be improved, but because these phase-change materials such as powder and paraffin exist density contrast, during phase-change material generation solid-liquid phase change, these powders likely deposit in the liquid phase, be difficult to ensure that high thermal conductivity coefficient powder and phase-change material form homogeneous mixture, the conductive coefficient of phase-change material is uneven, thus affect the temperature consistency of battery heat radiation.In addition, above patent structurally only considered the heat accumulation process of phase-change material, and in actual application, the exothermic process of phase-change material is absolutely necessary, otherwise radiation processes can not continue.Therefore, be necessary structurally to improve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect that radiating efficiency is low, temperature consistency is poor existed for existing power battery heat-radiating device, a kind of good heat dissipation effect is provided, phase-change material does not have liquid leakage, conductive coefficient is high, the power battery heat-radiating device that the water-cooled that effectively can realize phase change material releases heat is combined with composite phase-change material.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
The power battery heat-radiating device that a kind of water-cooled is combined with composite phase-change material, comprise casing, be arranged at the base plate that bottom half and casing are encircled into box like container cavity, described base plate interior is respectively arranged with the intake tunnel and exhalant canal that hold cooling water along two long limits, the upper surface of described base plate keeps at a certain distance away along two long limits the duct being symmetrically arranged with and being communicated with exhalant canal with intake tunnel respectively, separated by a distancely along its length on described base plate be provided with the tabular micro-channel heat exchanger described box like container cavity being isolated into some sub-container cavities, micropore runner is provided with in described tabular micro-channel heat exchanger, the two-port of described micropore runner is connected with the duct being communicated with exhalant canal with the duct being communicated with intake tunnel respectively, intake tunnel is connected with exhalant canal formation cooling water path, by described tabular micro-channel heat exchanger, composite phase-change material is filled with in the space that base plate and casing surround, electrokinetic cell is positioned in composite phase-change material.
Further, described micropore runner is multiple circle of being interconnected or square duct, and its circular channel diameter or the square duct length of side are 1-50 micron.
Further, one end of described casing length direction is provided with the water inlet and the delivery port being connected intake tunnel that connect exhalant canal.
Further, described tabular micro-channel heat exchanger is fixed on base plate 7 by welding manner.
Further, the material of described casing, micro-channel heat exchanger and base plate is aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper or copper alloy or stainless steel.
Further, described composite phase-change material is being composited of organic substance and inorganic matter, and its phase transition temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C; Described organic substance is saturated fatty acid or linear paraffin, and described inorganic matter is expanded graphite.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
1. composite phase-change material of the present invention has very high conductive coefficient, and this battery heat dissipation device heat accumulation, rate of heat dispation are high;
2. due to capillary force and capillary effect, composite phase-change material of the present invention does not have liquid oozing out when there is solid-liquid phase change in micropore, can keep solid-state, because it has the advantage keeping sizing characteristics in phase transition process, the consistency of battery temperature is good;
3. adopt water-cooled micro-channel heat exchanger and composite phase-change material to conduct heat, heat transfer is that speed is fast;
4. power battery heat-radiating device operation and maintenance of the present invention is convenient, and cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the power battery heat-radiating device that water-cooled of the present invention is combined with composite phase-change material.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that tabular micro-channel heat exchanger of the present invention is fixed on base plate.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of base plate of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the runner schematic diagram of micro-channel heat exchanger of the present invention.
In figure: 1-casing; 2-intake tunnel; 3-exhalant canal; 4-composite phase-change material; 5-tabular micro-channel heat exchanger; 6-electrokinetic cell; 7-base plate; 8-duct; 9-micropore runner; 10-water inlet; 11-delivery port.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail goal of the invention of the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, embodiment can not repeat one by one at this, but therefore embodiments of the present invention are not defined in following examples.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the power battery heat-radiating device that a kind of water-cooled is combined with composite phase-change material, comprise casing 1, be arranged at the base plate 7 being encircled into box like container cavity bottom casing 1 with casing 1, described base plate 7 inside is respectively arranged with the intake tunnel 2 and exhalant canal 3 that hold cooling water along two long limits, the upper surface of described base plate 7 keeps at a certain distance away along two long limits the duct 8 being symmetrically arranged with and being communicated with exhalant canal 3 with intake tunnel 2 respectively, separated by a distancely along its length on described base plate 7 be welded with the tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 described box like container cavity being isolated into some sub-container cavities, micropore runner 9 is provided with in described tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5, the two-port of described micropore runner 9 is connected with the duct 8 being communicated with exhalant canal 3 with the duct 8 being communicated with intake tunnel 2 respectively, intake tunnel 2 is connected with exhalant canal 3 formation cooling water path, by described tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5, composite phase-change material 4 is filled with in the space that base plate 7 and casing 1 surround, electrokinetic cell 6 is positioned in composite phase-change material 4.
As shown in Figure 4, described micropore runner 9 is multiple circle of being interconnected or square duct, and its circular channel diameter or the square duct length of side are 1-50 micron, overall in cranky distribution, effective raising cooling water, with the heat exchange area of tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5, effectively improves heat transfer effect.
Further, one end of described casing length direction is provided with the delivery port 11 and the water inlet 10 being connected intake tunnel 2 that connect exhalant canal 3, cooling water flow in the micropore runner 9 of intake tunnel 2 and tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 from water inlet 10, then flowed out by exhalant canal 3, delivery port 11, take away composite phase-change material 4 inhale the heat of the electrokinetic cell 6 stored, realize heat exchange.
Further, the material of described casing 1, micro-channel heat exchanger 5 and base plate 7 is aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper or copper alloy or stainless steel, and the present embodiment adopts aluminium alloy, and lightweight, easy processing is carried and coefficient of heat transfer is high.
What described composite phase-change material 4 was organic substance and inorganic matter is composited, and its phase transition temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C; Described organic substance is saturated fatty acid or linear paraffin, described inorganic matter is expanded graphite, above-mentioned feature all has direct or indirect disclosure at ZL 200310117411.0 and the sky number of opening in the patent publication us of CN1999657A, belongs to prior art, is not repeating secondary.
The molecular formula of saturated fatty acid of the present invention is: CH
3(CH
2)
ncOOH, n=10,12,14,16,18,20; The molecular formula of described linear paraffin is: C
nh
2n+2, n is 21 ~ 40.
The composite phase-change material 4 of the present embodiment adopts patent ZL 200310117411.0 to be prepared from, and roughly comprises the following steps:
(1) solid organic is fused into liquid state organics;
(2) by quality proportioning, be immersed in by inorganic matter in liquid state organics, the porosity characteristic absorption liquid state organics of inorganic matter, obtains composite phase-change material.
The course of work and the principle of the power battery heat-radiating device that water-cooled is combined with composite phase-change material is described in detail below by the composite phase-change material of filling different component.
embodiment 1
Adopt lignocerane (molecular formula: C
24h
50) with the composite phase-change material 4 of expanded graphite, its phase transition temperature is 50 DEG C, wherein C
24h
50mass fraction be 90%, under normal temperature, phase-change material is solid.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to form battery module, when battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, and its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 50 DEG C, composite phase-change material 4 absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material 4 still keeps solid property, and by heat storage, thus realizing the cooling of battery cell, the temperature controlling battery cell raises; When ambient temperature is 25 DEG C, during 20s discharge time, recording the rear battery surface temperature of electric discharge is 46.2 DEG C; Then, 25 DEG C of cooling waters flow into tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 from base plate 7 and realize heat exchange, make composite phase-change material that liquid-solid phase transformation occur, and by the thermal release stored, Exotherm Time is 3.1min.
embodiment 2
Adopt laurate (molecular formula: CH
3(CH
2)
10cOOH) with the composite phase-change material 4 of expanded graphite, its phase transition temperature is 43 DEG C, wherein CH
3(CH
2)
10the mass fraction of COOH is 87%, and under normal temperature, phase-change material is solid.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to form battery module; When battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material 4 through battery case, when temperature is higher than 43 DEG C, composite phase-change material 4 absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material 4 still keeps solid property, and by heat storage, thus realizing the cooling of battery cell, the temperature controlling battery cell raises; When ambient temperature is 25 DEG C, during 20s discharge time, recording the rear battery surface temperature of electric discharge is 42.1 DEG C; Then, 25 DEG C of cooling waters flow into tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 from base plate 7 and realize heat exchange, make composite phase-change material 4 that liquid-solid phase transformation occur, and by the thermal release stored, Exotherm Time is 2.5min.
embodiment 3
Adopt palmitic acid (molecular formula: CH
3(CH
2)
14cOOH) with the composite phase-change material 4 of expanded graphite, its phase transition temperature is 64 DEG C, wherein CH
3(CH
2)
14the mass fraction of COOH is 60%, and under normal temperature, phase-change material is solid.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to form battery module; When battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material 4 through battery case, when temperature is higher than 64 DEG C, composite phase-change material 4 absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material 4 still keeps solid property, and by heat storage, thus realizing the cooling of battery cell, the temperature controlling battery cell raises; When ambient temperature is 25 DEG C, during 20s discharge time, recording the rear battery surface temperature of electric discharge is 61.1 DEG C; Then, 25 DEG C of cooling waters flow into tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 from base plate 7, make composite phase-change material 4 that liquid-solid phase transformation occur, and by the thermal release stored, Exotherm Time is 2.1min.
embodiment 4
Adopt lignocerane (molecular formula: C
24h
50) with the composite phase-change material 4 of expanded graphite, its phase transition temperature is 50 DEG C, wherein C
24h
50mass fraction be 70%, under normal temperature, phase-change material is solid.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to form battery module; When battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material 4 through battery case, when temperature is higher than 50 DEG C, composite phase-change material 4 absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material still keeps solid property, and by heat storage, thus realizing the cooling of battery cell, the temperature controlling battery cell raises; When ambient temperature is 25 DEG C, during 20s discharge time, recording the rear battery surface temperature of electric discharge is 44.8 DEG C; Then, 25 DEG C of cooling waters flow into tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 from base plate 7, make composite phase-change material 4 that liquid-solid phase transformation occur, and by the thermal release stored, Exotherm Time is 2.2min.
embodiment 5
Adopt docosane (molecular formula: C
22h
46) with the composite phase-change material 4 of expanded graphite, its phase transition temperature is 44 DEG C, wherein C
22h
46mass fraction be 40%, under normal temperature, phase-change material is solid.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to form battery module; When battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 44 DEG C, composite phase-change material 4 absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material 4 still keeps solid property, and by heat storage, thus realizing the cooling of battery cell, the temperature controlling battery cell raises; When ambient temperature is 25 DEG C, during 20s discharge time, recording the rear battery surface temperature of electric discharge is 42.9 DEG C; Then, 25 DEG C of cooling waters flow into tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 from base plate 7, make composite phase-change material 4 that liquid-solid phase transformation occur, and by the thermal release stored, Exotherm Time is 1.1min.
embodiment 6
Adopt stearic acid (molecular formula: CH
3(CH
2)
16cOOH) with the composite phase-change material 4 of expanded graphite, its phase transition temperature is 69 DEG C, wherein CH
3(CH
2)
16the mass fraction of COOH is 80%, and under normal temperature, composite phase-change material 4 is solid.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to form battery module; When battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material 4 through battery case, when temperature is higher than 69 DEG C, composite phase-change material 4 absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material 4 still keeps solid property, and by heat storage, thus realizing the cooling of battery cell, the temperature controlling battery cell raises; When ambient temperature is 25 DEG C, during 20s discharge time, recording the rear battery surface temperature of electric discharge is 67.2 DEG C; Then, 25 DEG C of cooling waters flow into tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 from base plate 7, make composite phase-change material 4 that liquid-solid phase transformation occur, and by the thermal release stored, Exotherm Time is 2.6min.
embodiment 7
Adopt heneicosane (molecular formula: C
21h
44) with the composite phase-change material 4 of expanded graphite, its phase transition temperature is 40 DEG C, wherein C
21h
44mass fraction be 50%, under normal temperature, composite phase-change material 4 is solid.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to form battery module; When battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 40 DEG C, composite phase-change material 4 absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material 4 still keeps solid property, and by heat storage, thus realizing the cooling of battery cell, the temperature controlling battery cell raises; When ambient temperature is 25 DEG C, during 20s discharge time, recording the rear battery surface temperature of electric discharge is 38.6 DEG C; Then, 25 DEG C of cooling waters flow into tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 from base plate 7, make composite phase-change material 4 that liquid-solid phase transformation occur, and by the thermal release stored, Exotherm Time is 1.8min.
Because composite phase-change material 4 has very high conductive coefficient, keep sizing characteristics in phase transition process, tabular micro-channel heat exchanger 5 has the advantages such as high rate of heat transfer, makes this power battery heat-radiating device heat accumulation, rate of heat release high, the consistency of battery temperature is good, is easy to encapsulation.
The above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all execution modes.All any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., within the protection range that all should be included in the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the power battery heat-radiating device that is combined with composite phase-change material of water-cooled, comprises casing (1), is arranged at the base plate (7) that casing (1) bottom and casing (1) are encircled into box like container cavity, it is characterized in that:
Described base plate (7) is inner is respectively arranged with the intake tunnel (2) and exhalant canal (3) that hold cooling water along two long limits, the upper surface of described base plate (7) keeps at a certain distance away along two long limits the duct (8) being symmetrically arranged with and being communicated with exhalant canal (3) with intake tunnel (2) respectively, separated by a distancely along its length on described base plate (7) be provided with the tabular micro-channel heat exchanger (5) described box like container cavity being isolated into some sub-container cavities, micropore runner (9) is provided with in described tabular micro-channel heat exchanger (5), the two-port of described micropore runner (9) is connected with the duct (8) being communicated with exhalant canal (3) with the duct (8) being communicated with intake tunnel (2) respectively, intake tunnel (2) is connected with exhalant canal (3) formation cooling water path, by described tabular micro-channel heat exchanger (5), composite phase-change material (4) is filled with in the space that base plate (7) and casing (1) surround, electrokinetic cell (6) is positioned in composite phase-change material (4).
2. the power battery heat-radiating device that is combined with composite phase-change material of water-cooled according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described micropore runner (9) is multiple circle of being interconnected or square duct, and its circular channel diameter or the square duct length of side are 1-50 micron.
3. the power battery heat-radiating device that is combined with composite phase-change material of water-cooled according to claim 1, is characterized in that: one end of described casing length direction is provided with the water inlet (10) and the delivery port (11) being connected intake tunnel (2) that connect exhalant canal (3).
4. the power battery heat-radiating device that is combined with composite phase-change material of water-cooled according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tabular micro-channel heat exchanger (5) is fixed on base plate (7) by welding manner.
5. the power battery heat-radiating device that the water-cooled according to any one of Claims 1-4 is combined with composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: the material of described casing (1), micro-channel heat exchanger (5) and base plate (7) is aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper or copper alloy or stainless steel.
6. the power battery heat-radiating device that is combined with composite phase-change material of water-cooled according to claim 5, is characterized in that: what described composite phase-change material (4) was organic substance and inorganic matter is composited, and its phase transition temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C; Described organic substance is saturated fatty acid or linear paraffin, and described inorganic matter is expanded graphite.
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