CN102181270A - Composite phase change material for heat dissipation of lithium battery and device - Google Patents
Composite phase change material for heat dissipation of lithium battery and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102181270A CN102181270A CN2011101082096A CN201110108209A CN102181270A CN 102181270 A CN102181270 A CN 102181270A CN 2011101082096 A CN2011101082096 A CN 2011101082096A CN 201110108209 A CN201110108209 A CN 201110108209A CN 102181270 A CN102181270 A CN 102181270A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite phase change material for heat dissipation of a lithium battery and a device. The device comprises a top cap 1, a box body 2 and partition plates 4; and cavities of corresponding number are partitioned in the box body 2 according to the number of single batteries 3 to be radiated, an air runner 5 is formed between the adjacent partition plates, and the composite phase change material 4 with phase change temperature of between 40 and 70 DEG C is filled in the cavities. When the device starts working, the heat of the single batteries is transferred to the composite phase change material; and when the temperature is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material, the phase change material absorbs the heat, produces phase change and stores the heat so as to realize heat dissipation and cooling of the single batteries. The composite phase change material has high coefficient of heat conductivity, keeps the size in the phase change process, has high heat storage, heat release and heat dissipation rate, has no liquid liquidity or leakage, is easily encapsulated, is convenient to operate and maintain, and can improve the working performance and the reliability of the batteries when used for the heat dissipation of the high-power and quick charge/discharge power lithium batteries.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium ion battery temperature control technology field, relate to the heat dissipating method of dynamic lithium battery, be specifically related to a kind of composite phase-change material and device that is used for the lithium cell heat radiation.
Background technology
Electromobile is pollution-free because of having, noise is little, simple in structure, the easy to maintenance and effciency of energy transfer advantages of higher of use, has become the developing direction of following automobile.Power cell as the electromobile heart is the power producer of automobile, also is the key factor of restriction electromobile development.
In recent years, dynamic lithium battery becomes the main flow power supply of electromobile gradually.In electromobile, normally a plurality of single lithium battery are fitted together cell apparatus of formation with different form serial or parallel connections, so that required voltage or capacity to be provided.Because battery himself temperature in charge and discharge process can raise, and it is fast more to heat up when charge-discharge magnification is high more, especially the device of forming for a plurality of cells, the gathering of temperature is faster, this will have a strong impact on the optimum working performance and the life-span of battery, also can cause battery to take place acutely to burn even blast when serious.Therefore, temperature is very big to the performance impact of cell apparatus, and temperature is too high, mistake is low and the unbalanced performance that all can influence battery.
At present, the mode that the power lithium battery pool device mainly adopts Forced Air Convection the to conduct heat cooling of dispelling the heat, promptly forcing air to flow at the single battery shell takes away its heat, because shortcomings such as the thermal conductivity of air is low, thermal capacitance is little, cause heat transfer coefficient little, the heat radiation cooling efficiency is low, and the mobile inhomogeneous temperature consistence that will influence cell apparatus of air in cell apparatus.And utilize phase change material in the solid-liquid phase change process, to have the advantage of temperature-stable and higher storage density, can improve the heat dispersion of cell apparatus effectively.Patent CN200910039125.4, CN200910184584.1, CN200510073005.8 have proposed to utilize phase change material to the battery refrigerative method of dispelling the heat, but the phase change material that these patents relate to mainly is a paraffin, comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexane etc. in addition.In order to improve the heat conductivility of phase change material, aluminium powder/carbon dust compound, aluminium powder, graphite or carbon nanotube in paraffin, have been added respectively.Because phase change materials such as paraffin have the leakage and the volumetric expansion problem of liquid when undergoing phase transition, this encapsulation to cell apparatus is had relatively high expectations, and, directly in phase change material, add the high thermal conductivity coefficient powder, though can improve the heat conductivility of phase change material, but because there is density difference in phase change materials such as these powders and paraffin, during phase change material generation solid-liquid phase change, these powders might deposit in liquid phase, be difficult to guarantee that high thermal conductivity coefficient powder and phase change material form uniform mixture, the thermal conductivity of phase change material is inhomogeneous, thereby influences the temperature consistence of battery heat radiation.In addition, above patent has structurally only been considered the heat accumulation process of phase change material, and in actual application, the exothermic process of phase change material is absolutely necessary, otherwise the heat radiation process can not continue.Therefore, be necessary structurally to improve.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is defective low at the radiating efficiency that has the existence of lithium cell heat abstractor now, temperature consistence difference, provide a kind of good heat dissipation effect, phase change material not to have the lithium cell heat abstractor that liquid state is leaked, thermal conductivity is high and can effectively realize the filling composite phase-change material of phase change material heat release when needed.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of composite phase-change material that is used for the lithium cell heat radiation, described composite phase-change material is the composite phase-change material of organism and inorganics, its transformation temperature is 40 ~ 70 ℃; In the described composite phase-change material, organic quality percentage composition is 40 ~ 95%.
Organism of the present invention is one or more of saturated fatty acid or straight-chain paraffin; Described inorganics is expanded graphite, foamed aluminium, foam copper or carbon foam.
The molecular formula of saturated fatty acid of the present invention is: CH
3(CH
2)
nCOOH, n=10,12,14,16; The molecular formula of described straight-chain paraffin is: C
nH
2n+2, n is 21～40.
A kind of method for preparing composite phase-change material of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) solid-state organism is fused into liquid state organics;
(2) by the described quality proportioning of claim 1, inorganics is immersed in the liquid state organics, obtains composite phase-change material.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium cell heat abstractor of filling composite phase-change material, comprises top cover 1 and casing 2; Described top cover 1 is fixed in casing 2 tops, is filled with composite phase-change material 6 in the casing 2.
Describedly be fixed as bonding, welding or bolt connects.
The material of described top cover 1 and casing 2 is aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper or copper alloy.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium cell heat abstractor of filling composite phase-change material, comprises top cover 1, casing 2 and dividing plate 4; Described dividing plate 4 is divided at least two cavitys 7 with casing 2, and battery cell is positioned at cavity 7; Be provided with air flow channel 5 between the adjacent cavities 7, composite phase-change material 6 is arranged in the cavity 7.
Describedly be fixed as bonding, welding or bolt connects.
The material of described top cover 1, casing 2 and dividing plate 4 is aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper or copper alloy.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1. composite phase-change material of the present invention has very high thermal conductivity, this battery heat abstractor heat accumulation, heat release, rate of heat release height;
2. owing to capillary force and capillary effect, composite phase-change material of the present invention does not have liquid oozing out when in micropore solid-liquid phase change taking place, can keep solid-state, can keep typing in phase transition process, the high conformity of battery temperature;
3. lithium cell heat abstractor of the present invention does not have liquid fluidity and leakage problem, is easy to encapsulation;
4. lithium cell heat abstractor operation and maintenance of the present invention is convenient, and cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of lithium cell heat abstractor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the separation structure synoptic diagram of lithium cell heat abstractor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the lithium cell heat abstractor of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to this.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of lithium cell heat abstractor of filling composite phase-change material of the embodiment of the invention comprises top cover 1, casing 2 and dividing plate 4; Dividing plate 4 is divided into three cavitys 7 with casing 2, places a battery cell 3 in each cavity 7; Be provided with air flow channel 5 between the adjacent cavities 7, have composite phase-change material 6 to be wrapped in battery cell 3 in the cavity 7.
Embodiment 1
Adopt tetracosane (molecular formula: C
24H
50) with the composite phase-change material of expanded graphite, its transformation temperature is 50 ℃, wherein C
24H
50Massfraction be 90%, phase change material is a solid under the normal temperature.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to constitute battery module, as shown in Figure 3; When the battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 50 ℃, composite phase-change material absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material still keeps solid property, and heat is stored, thereby realize the heat radiation cooling of battery cell, the temperature of control battery cell raises; When envrionment temperature was 25 ℃, discharge time, recording discharge back battery surface temperature was 46.2 ℃ during 20s; Then, adopt fan to force air to flow in air flow channel, liquid-solid phase transformation takes place in composite phase-change material, and with the heat release that stores, the heat release time is 5.2min.
Embodiment 2
Adopt lauric acid (molecular formula: CH
3(CH
2)
10COOH) with the composite phase-change material of expanded graphite, its transformation temperature is 43 ℃, wherein CH
3(CH
2)
10The massfraction of COOH is 87%, and phase change material is a solid under the normal temperature.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to constitute battery module; When the battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 43 ℃, composite phase-change material absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material still keeps solid property, and heat is stored, thereby realize the heat radiation cooling of battery cell, the temperature of control battery cell raises; When envrionment temperature was 25 ℃, discharge time, recording discharge back battery surface temperature was 42.1 ℃ during 20s; Then, adopt fan to force air to flow in air flow channel, liquid-solid phase transformation takes place in composite phase-change material, and with the heat release that stores, the heat release time is 4.5min.
Adopt Palmiticacid (molecular formula: CH
3(CH
2)
14COOH) with the composite phase-change material of foamed aluminium, its transformation temperature is 64 ℃, wherein CH
3(CH
2)
14The massfraction of COOH is 60%, and phase change material is a solid under the normal temperature.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to constitute battery module; When the battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 64 ℃, composite phase-change material absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material still keeps solid property, and heat is stored, thereby realize the heat radiation cooling of battery cell, the temperature of control battery cell raises; When envrionment temperature was 25 ℃, discharge time, recording discharge back battery surface temperature was 61.1 ℃ during 20s; Then, adopt fan to force air to flow in air flow channel, liquid-solid phase transformation takes place in composite phase-change material, and with the heat release that stores, the heat release time is 3.2min.
Adopt tetracosane (molecular formula: C
24H
50) with the composite phase-change material of foam copper, its transformation temperature is 50 ℃, wherein C
24H
50Massfraction be 70%, phase change material is a solid under the normal temperature.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to constitute battery module; When the battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 50 ℃, composite phase-change material absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material still keeps solid property, and heat is stored, thereby realize the heat radiation cooling of battery cell, the temperature of control battery cell raises; When envrionment temperature was 25 ℃, discharge time, recording discharge back battery surface temperature was 44.8 ℃ during 20s; Then, adopt fan to force air to flow in air flow channel, liquid-solid phase transformation takes place in composite phase-change material, and with the heat release that stores, the heat release time is 3.6min.
Adopt docosane (molecular formula: C
22H
46) with the composite phase-change material of foamed aluminium, its transformation temperature is 44 ℃, wherein C
22H
46Massfraction be 40%, phase change material is a solid under the normal temperature.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to constitute battery module; When the battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 44 ℃, composite phase-change material absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material still keeps solid property, and heat is stored, thereby realize the heat radiation cooling of battery cell, the temperature of control battery cell raises; When envrionment temperature was 25 ℃, discharge time, recording discharge back battery surface temperature was 42.9 ℃ during 20s; Then, adopt fan to force air to flow in air flow channel, liquid-solid phase transformation takes place in composite phase-change material, and with the heat release that stores, the heat release time is 2.8min.
Embodiment 6
Adopt stearic acid (molecular formula: CH
3(CH
2)
16COOH) with the composite phase-change material of foamed aluminium, its transformation temperature is 69 ℃, wherein CH
3(CH
2)
16The massfraction of COOH is 80%, and phase change material is a solid under the normal temperature.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to constitute battery module; When the battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 69 ℃, composite phase-change material absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material still keeps solid property, and heat is stored, thereby realize the heat radiation cooling of battery cell, the temperature of control battery cell raises; When envrionment temperature was 25 ℃, discharge time, recording discharge back battery surface temperature was 67.2 ℃ during 20s; Then, adopt fan to force air to flow in air flow channel, liquid-solid phase transformation takes place in composite phase-change material, and with the heat release that stores, the heat release time is 4.2min.
Adopt heneicosane (molecular formula: C
21H
44) and carbon foamy composite phase-change material, its transformation temperature is 40 ℃, wherein C
21H
44Massfraction be 50%, phase change material is a solid under the normal temperature.Choose 15 3.2V20Ah cells, and adopt series system to constitute battery module; When the battery module high power discharge, the temperature of battery cell raises fast, its heat passes to composite phase-change material through battery case, when temperature is higher than 40 ℃, composite phase-change material absorbs heat generation solid-liquid phase change, but composite phase-change material still keeps solid property, and heat is stored, thereby realize the heat radiation cooling of battery cell, the temperature of control battery cell raises; When envrionment temperature was 25 ℃, discharge time, recording discharge back battery surface temperature was 38.6 ℃ during 20s; Then, adopt fan to force air to flow in air flow channel, liquid-solid phase transformation takes place in composite phase-change material, and with the heat release that stores, the heat release time is 3.1min.
Because composite phase-change material has very high thermal conductivity, and the advantage that keeps the typing characteristic in the phase transition process, this battery heat abstractor heat accumulation, rate of heat release height, the high conformity of battery temperature does not have liquid fluidity and leakage problem, is easy to encapsulation.
Claims (10)
1. a composite phase-change material that is used for the lithium cell heat radiation is characterized in that described composite phase-change material is the composite phase-change material of organism and inorganics, and its transformation temperature is 40 ~ 70 ℃; In the described composite phase-change material, organic quality percentage composition is 40 ~ 95%.
2. a kind of composite phase-change material that is used for the lithium cell heat radiation according to claim 1 is characterized in that described organism is one or more of saturated fatty acid or straight-chain paraffin; Described inorganics is expanded graphite, foamed aluminium, foam copper or carbon foam.
3. a kind of composite phase-change material that is used for the lithium cell heat radiation according to claim 1 is characterized in that the molecular formula of described saturated fatty acid is: CH
3(CH
2)
nCOOH, n=10,12,14,16; The molecular formula of described straight-chain paraffin is: C
nH
2n+2, n is 21～40.
4. a method for preparing the described composite phase-change material of one of claim 1 ~ 3 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) solid-state organism is fused into liquid state organics;
(2) by the described quality proportioning of claim 1, inorganics is immersed in the liquid state organics, obtains composite phase-change material.
5. a lithium cell heat abstractor of filling the described composite phase-change material of claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises top cover (1) and casing (2); Described top cover (1) is fixed in casing (2) top, is filled with composite phase-change material (6) in the casing (2).
6. lithium cell heat abstractor according to claim 5 is characterized in that, describedly is fixed as bonding, welding or bolt connects.
7. lithium cell heat abstractor according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the material of described top cover (1) and casing (2) is aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper or copper alloy.
8. a lithium cell heat abstractor of filling the described composite phase-change material of claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises top cover (1), casing (2) and dividing plate (4); Described dividing plate (4) is divided at least two cavitys (7) with casing (2), and battery cell is positioned at cavity (7); Be provided with air flow channel (5) between the adjacent cavities (7), composite phase-change material (6) is arranged in the cavity (7).
9. lithium cell heat abstractor according to claim 8 is characterized in that, describedly is fixed as bonding, welding or bolt connects.
10. lithium cell heat abstractor according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the material of described top cover (1), casing (2) and dividing plate (4) is aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper or copper alloy.
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