CN112151905A - High-stability heat-dissipation battery pack structure - Google Patents
High-stability heat-dissipation battery pack structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112151905A CN112151905A CN201910893183.7A CN201910893183A CN112151905A CN 112151905 A CN112151905 A CN 112151905A CN 201910893183 A CN201910893183 A CN 201910893183A CN 112151905 A CN112151905 A CN 112151905A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-stability heat-dissipation battery pack structure, which comprises a high-heat-dissipation outer shell and a composite phase-change material arranged between a battery unit and a gap of the outer shell, wherein the composite phase-change material is hermetically filled in the battery pack with the high-heat-dissipation outer shell, so that a battery has a good heat dissipation mechanism in a normal working state, large heat shock waves generated during large-current charging and discharging are absorbed by the composite phase-change material to buffer temperature rise so as to reduce the temperature difference between the battery units, and then the battery pack structure is connected with the high-heat-dissipation outer shell through the high-heat-conduction composite phase-change material and is discharged out of the battery pack in a heat radiation mode so as to achieve the heat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power battery temperature control, and particularly relates to a heat dissipation method for combination of a battery and a composite phase-change material.
Background
The high-power and high-capacity lithium ion battery pack is an ideal energy storage power supply for high-power using equipment. Generally, a plurality of battery units are connected in series or in parallel in different forms to form a battery pack, and then a plurality of battery packs are connected in series and in parallel to form a larger battery pack so as to provide required voltage or current.
Generally, a battery pack is composed of a plurality of battery units which are densely formed in a sealed insulating shell in a series-parallel connection mode, the temperature of the battery units is rapidly increased when the battery pack is charged and discharged rapidly, and the temperature has double effects on the battery: the higher the temperature is, the smaller the internal resistance of the battery is, the higher the corresponding battery efficiency is, and due to the heat dissipation difference factors in dense arrangement, the heat extraction of the battery units at the middle position of the battery pack is difficult, the temperature is higher, so that the battery units in the middle area and the battery units at the edges have large temperature difference, the higher the discharge current is, the higher the temperature is, the faster the temperature rise is, and the larger the relative temperature difference is, the bad circulation is caused, the working conditions of the battery units at different positions in the battery pack are different, the local deterioration and damage states are caused, and the safety accidents of the battery such as fire and explosion can be caused.
In order to prevent the battery from excessively high and rapid temperature rise and explosion, a discharge protection measure is usually set to control the discharge behavior, and in a tool locomotive or an automobile using a rechargeable battery as an energy source, especially when a large current is discharged, if the heat cannot be effectively dissipated in time and the battery rises to a high temperature of a certain police boundary, a protection mechanism is triggered to execute a speed reduction or shutdown protection measure.
Therefore, timely and effective heat dissipation from the battery cells is an absolutely necessary means. At present, the heat dissipation mode for the battery pack is as follows: the natural heat dissipation mode of shell contact air convection is mainly adopted, furthermore, heat is collected out of the battery pack by the heat dissipation sheet, and then the temperature is reduced by the fan or the water cooling pipe. However, the current heat dissipation mode is only designed for a battery pack or a battery pack, and for a battery unit sealed in the battery pack, the technology for effectively solving the problem that the battery is damaged by temperature difference is not provided.
In search of disclosure of patent technology, and search of prior art documents, CN101047274A proposes a heat dissipation device using a heat collection plate, a heat dissipation plate and a pump; CN101027814A proposes a cooling system for a battery pack, which has the effect of dissipating heat generated by a battery cell by supplying a refrigerant to a battery at a constant flow rate, and this solution increases the heat dissipation capacity of the battery pack during high-current charging and discharging, but does not contribute to high stability of the heat dissipation level of a battery cell in a sealed battery pack.
The further technology is that the heat dissipation stability of the battery device can be effectively improved by utilizing the advantage that the phase-change material has high heat storage density in the solid-liquid phase-change process, for example, patents CN200910039125.4, cn200910184584.u and CN200510073005.8 propose methods for cooling batteries by heat dissipation using phase change materials, however, the technologies of these patents only consider the problem of heat absorption of the battery cells, and do not consider that the battery pack case made of polymer insulating materials is a poor heat sink with high thermal resistance, in practical applications, therefore, heat is still not effectively dissipated, and, based on the above-mentioned safety factors, the structure of the composite mechanism high-power battery heat dissipation device needs to be further improved, and the technical development aims to overcome the defects of low heat dissipation efficiency and poor temperature consistency of the conventional power battery heat dissipation device, and provide the composite mechanism high-power battery heat dissipation device which is good in heat dissipation effect, free of liquid leakage of a phase change material, high in heat conductivity coefficient and capable of effectively achieving heat release of the phase change material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-heat-dissipation outer shell aiming at the defects of low heat dissipation efficiency, poor temperature consistency and low safety of battery units of the plastic outer shell in the conventional power battery pack device, so as to reduce the temperature difference among the battery units, provide a material and a structural technology with high heat conduction paths and high safety, and realize the high-heat-dissipation outer shell battery pack.
The invention provides a high-stability heat-dissipation battery pack structure, which comprises: a composite Phase Change Material (PCM) filled in the gap between the battery unit and the high heat dissipation outer shell, so that the battery has a good heat conduction mechanism in a normal working state, and when a large current is charged and discharged, a large heat surge is generated, and the composite Phase Change material absorbs heat to buffer temperature rise, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the battery units; and the high-heat-dissipation outer shell can discharge the heat absorbed by the composite phase-change material in a radiation heat mode so as to achieve the aim that the battery pack can be maintained at a set temperature control point.
Optionally, the high heat dissipation outer casing is made of an insulating impact-resistant polymer material with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.5(W/K · M) or more.
Optionally, the high heat dissipation casing has a characteristic of radiating heat dissipation value of 25% or more at 60 ℃.
Optionally, the high heat dissipation outer shell contains 60 wt% to 98 wt% of organic polymer, and the component is one or more than two of polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile, polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride.
Optionally, the high heat dissipation outer shell has an inorganic content of 40 wt% to 2 wt%, and comprises one or more of graphite, carbon powder, carbon spheres, boron nitride, graphene, aluminum hydroxide, alumina, silicate, calcium magnesium carbonate, kaolinite, and the like.
Optionally, the composite phase change material is a material with an adjustable phase change point in a temperature range of 40-100 ℃.
Optionally, in the composite phase change material, the content of the organic polymer is 50 wt% to 94 wt%, and the organic polymer is one or more than two kinds of polymers selected from paraffin, saturated fatty acid, or straight chain alkane.
Optionally, the composite phase-change material is prepared from one or more than two of graphite, carbon powder, graphene, boron nitride, hollow glass spheres, foamed aluminum, foamed copper, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, inorganic phosphorus compounds, antimony oxide, borate, calcium magnesium carbonate, nano layered silicate, halloysite and the like, wherein the content of inorganic matters is 50-6 wt%.
Optionally, a gap is formed between the battery unit and the high-heat-dissipation outer casing, and a glass cloth is placed in the gap between the battery units to form a closed cavity which is tightly impregnated with the composite phase-change material.
Alternatively, the battery cells are formed by alternatively arranging cylindrical, sheet-shaped and square cells.
Because the high-power and high-capacity lithium ion battery pack is an ideal power supply for high-power equipment, for example, the lithium ion battery pack is applied to the development of electric automobiles, generally, a plurality of battery units are connected in series or in parallel in different forms to form a battery pack, and then a plurality of battery packs are connected in series and in parallel to form a larger battery pack so as to achieve the required voltage or current supply.
Generally, a battery pack is composed of a plurality of battery units which are densely formed in a sealed insulating plastic shell in a series-parallel connection mode, the temperature of the battery units is rapidly increased when the battery pack is rapidly charged and discharged, and the temperature has double effects on the battery: the higher the temperature, the smaller the internal resistance of the battery, the higher the corresponding battery efficiency, and due to the heat dissipation difference factor of dense arrangement, the difficult heat extraction and the higher temperature of the battery unit in the central area of the battery pack cause the large temperature difference between the battery unit in the central area and the battery unit in the edge area, the higher the discharge current, the higher the temperature, the faster the temperature rise, and the larger the relative temperature difference, the poor cycle will cause the rapid deterioration and damage state of the battery unit in the central area, and in severe cases, the safety accidents of the battery, such as fire, explosion, and the like.
The invention provides a high-heat-dissipation outer shell, which is a material and structure technology for reducing temperature difference among battery units, has a high heat conduction path and high safety, and can realize a high-heat-dissipation outer shell battery pack.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a general battery pack apparatus;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to the present invention, which is marked as follows: 1-a battery pack; 2-high heat dissipation shell battery pack; 11-plastic outer shell; 112-high heat dissipation outer shell; 121-edge region cell units; 122-center region battery cell; 123-PCM-encased marginal area cells; 124-PCM encased central region battery cells; 13-composite Phase Change Material (PCM).
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
The invention relates to a high-stability heat-dissipation battery pack structure which is characterized in that a plurality of battery units are combined in series and parallel in a battery pack of a high-heat-dissipation outer shell 112, a composite Phase Change Material (PCM) 13 is filled in a gap between the battery units and the outer shell and is hermetically arranged in an insulated high-heat-dissipation outer shell battery pack 2, the high-heat-dissipation outer shell 112 is made of a high-radiation heat-dissipation material, so that large heat surge generated during large-current charging and discharging of the battery is absorbed by the composite Phase Change material 13 to buffer temperature rise, and then the battery pack is radiated by the radiation effect of the high-heat-dissipation outer shell 112 and is discharged to the outside so as to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation.
When the battery is in a first operating state in which the battery cell normally generates heat, the heat of the battery cell is transferred to the high heat dissipation case 112 by the PCM-coated edge region battery cell 123 and the PCM-coated center region battery cell 124 through the composite phase change material having the characteristics of a thermal conductivity of 0.8(W/K · M) or more and a storage energy density of 50(J/g) or more in the same heat transfer manner.
Then, the high heat dissipation casing 112 is discharged to the outside by the characteristics of heat conductivity coefficient more than 1 (W/K.M) and radiation heat dissipation more than 25 wt% (60 ℃) so as to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation.
When the temperature rises to the set phase-change temperature, the composite phase-change material absorbs the sudden heat, so that the PCM-coated marginal cell unit 123 and the PCM-coated central cell unit 124 maintain the battery at the set temperature in the same heat storage manner, and meanwhile, the heat-absorbing composite phase-change material 13 continuously transfers the heat to the high-heat-dissipation outer shell 112 to discharge the heat, thereby achieving the safety effect of high-stability heat dissipation of the battery cells.
In the third working state of the battery, namely when the battery unit is burnt at an excessive temperature under non-human factors, the composite phase-change material 13 has a flame-retardant function, and can reduce the harmful state of battery burning.
In order to make the battery pack have high heat dissipation performance and safety, the present patent discloses a second feature, which is to use the battery pack with the high heat dissipation casing 112, and the casing has the insulation, high heat dissipation, impact resistance and other technologies, so as to effectively achieve the heat dissipation problem of the high-power battery, and make the casing of the battery pack have the characteristics of temperature control, insulation, active heat dissipation and the like. The insulating outer shell of the battery pack is made of impact-resistant polymer composite materials with radiation heat dissipation, and the materials have the characteristics of heat conductivity coefficient of more than 0.5 (W/K.M) and radiation heat dissipation ratio of more than 25% (60 ℃), so that internal heat can be quickly dissipated through the outer shell. The insulating shell material comprises 60-98 wt% of organic polymer, and one or more than two of polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile, polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride; the inorganic matter content is 40-2 wt%, and the components are one or more than two of graphite, carbon powder, carbon spheres, graphene, boron nitride, aluminum hydroxide, alumina, silicate, calcium magnesium carbonate, kaolinite and the like.
The composite phase change material 13 of the high-heat-dissipation outer shell battery pack is matched with the requirements of the battery using state, and is a composite material which has an adjustable phase change point temperature range (40-100 ℃), a heat conductivity coefficient of more than 0.5 (W/K.M), an energy storage density of more than 50(J/g) and flame retardant property. In the composite phase-change material, the content of organic polymer is 50-94 wt%, and the component is one or more than two of paraffin, saturated fatty acid or straight-chain alkane; the inorganic matter content is 50-6 wt%, and the components are one or more than two of graphite, carbon powder, graphene, boron nitride, hollow glass spheres, foamed aluminum, foamed copper, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, inorganic phosphorus compounds, antimony oxide, borate, calcium magnesium carbonate, nano layered silicate, halloysite and the like.
The high heat dissipation shell body battery package 2 of this technique can realize the effective cooling of power equipment battery under the comparatively abominable thermal environment, can satisfy the heat surge that the equilibrium of temperature distribution and high-speed charge-discharge produced between each battery unit again, thereby reach power equipment's good running condition, because of this material does not flow and leak the problem, noncorrosive, nontoxic, the high characteristic of stability, make the battery package easily operate and maintain in whole battery system, effectively be used for the power battery heat dissipation of high power, improve the working property of battery, life-span and fail safe nature.
Example one
The composite phase-change material is matched with the requirement of a battery, the temperature of a phase-change point is 65 ℃, and the insulation resistance is adopted>1010Omega, thermal conductivity of 1.0 (W/K.M), and latent heat value of 130 (J/g).
The composite phase-change material comprises 86 wt% of stearic acid, 2 wt% of graphite powder, 0.6 wt% of carbon nano-sphere particles, 0.4 wt% of graphene, 6 wt% of aluminum hydroxide powder and 5 wt% of calcium magnesium carbonate powder.
The battery pack uses a high-heat-dissipation outer shell, and the outer shell is made of 88 wt% of polycarbonate and 1 wt% of a materialThe outer shell is composed of carbon spheres in weight percent, graphene in 0.5 weight percent, graphite in 1.5 weight percent, alumina in 5 weight percent and calcium magnesium silicate in 4 weight percent, and the outer shell is made of insulation resistor>1010Omega and the thermal conductivity is 0.9 (W/K.M).
The battery structure implementing method with the high-stability heat dissipation composite function comprises the steps of vacuumizing a high-heat dissipation outer shell of a battery pack, injecting the high-heat dissipation outer shell into the outer shell, heating the high-heat dissipation outer shell to form a liquid composite phase-change material, and sealing the outer shell to form a closed cavity in which the composite phase-change material is compactly accommodated, so that the battery has the advantages of good heat dissipation mode, high heat storage energy, flame retardance, high insulativity, no flowing and leakage problems, no corrosiveness, no toxicity, high stability and the like.
Example two
The composite phase-change material is matched with the requirement of a battery, the temperature of a phase-change point is 75 ℃, and the insulation resistance is adopted>1010Omega, thermal conductivity of 0.8 (W/K.M), and latent heat value of 110 (J/g).
The composite phase-change material comprises 47 wt% of stearic acid, 37 wt% of paraffin, 3 wt% of graphite powder, 1.5 wt% of carbon nano-sphere particles, 0.5 wt% of graphene, 2 wt% of hollow glass spheres, 4 wt% of inorganic phosphorus compound powder and 5 wt% of nano-layered silicate powder.
The battery pack uses a high-heat-dissipation outer shell, the outer shell is made of 85 wt% of polycarbonate, 1 wt% of carbon spheres, 0.5 wt% of graphene, 2.5 wt% of graphite, 6 wt% of aluminum oxide and 5 wt% of calcium magnesium silicate, and the outer shell is made of insulation resistance>1010Omega and thermal conductivity of 1.0 (W/K.M).
According to the high-stability heat-dissipation battery, the glass cloth is placed among the battery units, the high-heat-dissipation outer shell of the battery pack is vacuumized, then the glass cloth is injected into the outer shell, the glass cloth is heated into the liquid composite phase-change material, and the glass cloth passes through the sealed outer shell to form the sealed cavity with the inside densely impregnated with the composite phase-change material, so that the battery has the advantages of good heat dissipation mode, high heat storage energy, flame retardance, high insulativity, no flowing and leakage problems, no corrosivity, no toxicity, high stability and the like.
Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a radiating battery package structure of high stability which characterized in that includes:
the composite phase-change material is filled in a gap between the battery unit and the high-heat-dissipation outer shell, so that the battery has a good heat conduction mechanism in a normal working state, and when a large current is charged and discharged, a large heat surge is generated, and the composite phase-change material absorbs heat to buffer temperature rise, so that the temperature difference between the battery units is reduced;
and the high-heat-dissipation outer shell can discharge the heat absorbed by the composite phase-change material in a radiation heat mode so as to achieve the aim of maintaining the battery pack at a set temperature control point.
2. The battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein the high heat dissipation outer casing is made of an insulating impact-resistant polymer material with a thermal conductivity of 0.5(W/K · M) or more.
3. The battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein the high heat dissipation outer casing has a radiation heat dissipation value of 25% or more at 60 ℃.
4. The battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein the high heat dissipation outer casing contains 60 wt% to 98 wt% of organic polymer, and the component is one or more than two of polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile, polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride.
5. The battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein the high heat dissipation outer casing has an inorganic content of 40 wt% to 2 wt%, and comprises one or more of graphite, carbon powder, carbon spheres, boron nitride, graphene, aluminum hydroxide, alumina, silicate, calcium magnesium carbonate, and kaolinite.
6. The battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change material is a material with an adjustable phase change point in a temperature range of 40 ℃ to 100 ℃.
7. The battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change material contains 50 wt% to 94 wt% of organic polymer, and is composed of one or more than two kinds of paraffin, saturated fatty acid, or linear alkane polymer.
8. The battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change material is composed of one or more of graphite, carbon powder, graphene, boron nitride, hollow glass spheres, foamed aluminum, foamed copper, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, inorganic phosphorus compounds, antimony oxide, borate, calcium magnesium carbonate, nano layered silicate, halloysite and the like, wherein the inorganic matter content is 50-6 wt%.
9. The battery pack structure of claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between the battery cells and the high heat dissipation casing, and a glass cloth is placed between each battery cell to form a sealed cavity with a dense impregnated composite phase change material.
10. The battery pack structure with high stability and heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein the battery cells are alternatively arranged in a cylindrical, sheet-like or square shape.
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| TW108122760 | 2019-06-28 | ||
| TW108122760A TW202101817A (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | A high stability heat dissipation battery pack |
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| TW202101817A (en) | 2021-01-01 |
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