CN215957395U - Low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse - Google Patents
Low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN215957395U CN215957395U CN202122263344.XU CN202122263344U CN215957395U CN 215957395 U CN215957395 U CN 215957395U CN 202122263344 U CN202122263344 U CN 202122263344U CN 215957395 U CN215957395 U CN 215957395U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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Abstract
The utility model provides a low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse, which comprises a greenhouse body, a heat-preservation quilt, a ventilation opening, a light supplement lamp, a cultivation soil groove and an air source heating system, wherein the air source heating system is arranged on the greenhouse body; the shed body consists of a shed frame, an inner film and an outer film, wherein the shed frame is of a semi-arch steel framework structure; the outer film covers the outer part of the shed frame; the inner film is arranged inside the shed frame, and the heat preservation layer is arranged outside the shed body; the top of the shed body is provided with a ventilation opening and is provided with an insect-proof net; a film rolling window is arranged on the side surface of the shed body; a light supplement lamp is arranged inside the greenhouse body, a cultivation soil groove is arranged on the ground of the greenhouse, and a mulching film is covered in the cultivation soil groove; the plastic greenhouse is further provided with an air source heating system, high-temperature air at a high position is pumped to the soil in the underground root zone, and the temperature of the soil in the root zone is heated. The low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse has strong heat preservation performance and low temperature resistance, the lowest indoor temperature is kept above 10 ℃ when the greenhouse is coldest in winter in North China, and most fruits and vegetables can be normally produced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of plastic greenhouses, and particularly relates to a low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse.
Background
The total area of vegetables in China is 3.2 hundred million mu, the total yield is 7.69 hundred million tons, which respectively accounts for more than 43 percent and 49 percent of the world, the vegetables are stably planted in the first world, and the total yield is the first of the planting industry in China. The method has great effects on guaranteeing annual supply of vegetables, increasing income of farmers, promoting employment and the like. Wherein the vegetable in the facility reaches more than 7000 ten thousand acres, which accounts for more than 40 percent of the vegetable supply.
The plants for vegetable production in China are solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses. The sunlight greenhouse is a vegetable cultivation facility originated by farmers in China, and can produce fruits and vegetables (including tomatoes, cucumbers and the like) without heating in winter. However, the traditional sunlight greenhouse is a thick soil wall type sunlight greenhouse, has the advantages of good heat insulation effect, capability of producing fruits and vegetables through winter, and the defects of too thick soil wall which can reach 6-12m and low land utilization rate which is only about 45%. The improved brick wall type sunlight greenhouse has slightly poorer heat insulation performance than a thick soil wall type sunlight greenhouse but better heat insulation effect than a common plastic greenhouse because the brick wall type sunlight greenhouse does not have heat absorption and heat storage of a thick soil wall. In winter or in long-term haze, the indoor temperature is usually reduced to below 10 ℃ and is reduced to below 5 ℃ in cold days in the shade due to weak illumination and low temperature in the greenhouse. However, fruit and vegetable can normally grow at a temperature of more than 10 ℃. Therefore, the low temperature in the facility in winter and spring severely affects the vegetable production.
The vegetable production area of the plastic greenhouse in China is about 2000 ten thousand mu, and accounts for about 45% of the vegetable production area of facilities in China, so the plastic greenhouse is the largest vegetable production facility in China. However, in general, the structure of the plastic greenhouse is poor, and in addition, almost no heat-insulating matching equipment is provided, so that the temperature and light performance of the plastic greenhouse is poor. Compared with the production of outdoor vegetables, the method can only realize early planting for 1 month in spring and seedling pulling for 20-30 days later than the open field in late autumn, and can not realize annual production. Compared with sunlight greenhouses, the plastic greenhouse has the advantages of low cost, high land utilization rate and poor heat preservation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the utility model designs the plastic greenhouse which has strong heat preservation performance, low temperature resistance and adjustable high temperature, the lowest indoor temperature is kept above 10 ℃ when the greenhouse is coldest in winter, and even if the greenhouse is subjected to high temperature, the temperature can be controlled below 35 ℃, and most of fruits and vegetables can be normally produced.
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
a low-temperature resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse comprises a greenhouse body, a heat-preservation quilt, a ventilation opening, a light supplement lamp, a cultivation soil groove and an air source heating system; the shed body consists of a shed frame, an inner film and an outer film, wherein the shed frame is of a semi-arch steel framework structure; the outer film covers the outer part of the shed frame; the inner film is arranged inside the shed frame, and the heat preservation layer is arranged outside the shed body; the top of the shed body is provided with a ventilation opening and is provided with an insect-proof net; a film rolling window is arranged on the side surface of the shed body; a light supplement lamp is arranged inside the shed body; the method comprises the following steps of arranging a cultivation soil groove on the ground of a greenhouse for filling an organic substrate, and covering a cultivation mulching film in the cultivation soil groove; the plastic greenhouse is further provided with an air source heating system which comprises an overground hot air transportation pipeline, an air pumping and sending device and an underground air release pipeline, wherein the overground hot air transportation pipeline is arranged on the upper layer of the greenhouse, the underground air release pipeline is buried around the cultivation soil groove, micropores are uniformly and densely distributed on the pipeline to allow heat air to escape, the overground hot air transportation pipeline is communicated with the underground release pipeline through the air pumping and sending device, high-temperature air at a high position is pumped to the underground air release pipeline, and the temperature of soil in a root zone is heated.
Furthermore, a roller shutter machine is arranged at the top of the shed body, and the two rolls in one shed are used for rolling and unrolling the heat preservation quilt;
the width of the vent is 1.5-2.0 m;
the groove distance of the cultivation soil is 1.4-1.6 m, the depth is 20-30cm, the bottom width is 20-30cm, and the upper opening width is 35-45 cm;
the distance between the light supplement lamp and the plants is 50-100cm, 50-120 lamps are arranged per mu, and the power is 40 w/lamp;
the east-west span of the low-temperature resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse is 20-30m, the south-north extension is 80-100m, the top height is 6.0-7.5m, and the greenhouse interval is at least 3.0 m.
The heat preservation quilt is collected to the middle position of the shed roof in the daytime, so that the indoor lighting effect and the temperature rise are facilitated, and the heat preservation quilt is put down from two sides of the shed at night to play a role in heat preservation.
The sunlight illumination time is short in winter, the weather of the sunshine is more in the cloudy and snowy days, or the haze is serious, so that the illumination condition in the facility is deteriorated, the temperature is reduced, and the growth, the development, the yield and the quality of the facility vegetables, especially the facility fruits and vegetables are influenced. The artificial light source is used for properly supplementing light to the vegetables in the facility and improving the air temperature, so that the growth and development of the vegetables are promoted, the conversion and accumulation of nutrient substances are promoted, the yield and the quality of fruits are improved, the growth period of the vegetables can be shortened, and the vegetables can be brought into the market early. The light supplement is mainly carried out in winter and spring, a timer or a controller can be adopted to supplement light for 2-3h after a greenhouse (greenhouse) is covered with a heat preservation quilt (film covering), the cost of the light supplement electricity charge is 3-5 yuan/day, the light supplement can be carried out all day in rainy days, and the electricity consumption cost in the whole growing season is 150 yuan.
According to the distribution rule that the root systems of the facility vegetables are mainly distributed within 25cm and 20cm of the ground surface and have wide upper parts and narrow lower parts, a cultivation soil groove is arranged in a plant root area, organic substrates with excellent physicochemical properties are prepared by fermenting agricultural and animal husbandry wastes such as straws, excrement, mushroom residues and the like and are filled into the cultivation soil groove, and the matrix for each mu is less than or equal to 40m3. And (5) planting the vegetable seedlings in the cultivation grooves according to the requirements of variety cultivation density.
In the daytime, sunlight irradiates into the plastic greenhouse to heat the air at the upper part in the greenhouse to be more than 28 ℃, and if the part of heat is not utilized, the part of heat is wasted. An air source heating system is installed in the plastic greenhouse, air with higher temperature at the upper part in the greenhouse is transmitted into an underground air release pipeline paved at the root zone through a transmission system, and high-temperature air at a high position is pumped into the underground air release pipeline through an air pumping and supplying device, so that the soil at the root zone is heated.
The utility model has the advantages that the land utilization rate of the low-temperature resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse is up to more than 85 percent, which is higher than that of the traditional sunlight greenhouse by more than 30 percent, small agricultural machines can freely enter and exit, mechanization is realized to the maximum extent, and the labor intensity is reduced. The growth period of the vegetables can be shortened by adopting the light supplement of the light supplement lamp, the power consumption cost is low, the lowest air temperature in winter can be equivalent to that of a brick-wall type sunlight greenhouse, the cultivation soil groove is arranged in the root area of the vegetables for simple organic matrix cultivation, the soil temperature of the root area can be improved by more than 1.5 ℃, the air source heating system is arranged in the plastic greenhouse, the soil temperature of the root area can be improved by 0.16-0.73 ℃, the power consumption is low, the plastic greenhouse is economical and practical, and the low-temperature resistant heat preservation plastic greenhouse can ensure that the indoor lowest temperature is kept at more than 10 ℃ when the winter is the coldest in North China, so that the crops can thrive in cold winter, and the yield of the vegetables can be increased by more than 12%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the low temperature resistant thermal insulation vinyl house of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-shed body; 2-heat preservation quilt; 3-a roller shutter machine; 4-a light supplement lamp; 5-cultivating soil grooves; 6-overground hot air transportation pipeline; 7-a gas pumping device; 8-underground air release pipeline.
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of the thermal insulation performance of the low temperature resistant thermal insulation plastic greenhouse of the present invention and a brick wall type solar greenhouse;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the temperature of the soil 20cm below the ground of the low temperature resistant heat preservation plastic greenhouse and the brick wall type solar greenhouse.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The utility model provides a low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse (shown in figure 1), which has the span of 20m, the length of 100m, the top height of 6.0m and the greenhouse interval of 3.0m and comprises a greenhouse body 1, a heat-preservation quilt 2, a ventilation opening, a light supplement lamp 4, a cultivation soil groove 5 and an air source heating system; the shed body 1 is composed of a shed frame, an outer film and an inner film, and the shed frame is of a semi-arch steel framework structure; the outer film covers the outer part of the shed frame; the inner film is arranged inside the shed frame, and the heat preservation quilt 2 is arranged outside the shed body 1; the top of the shed body is provided with a rolling machine 3, and the rolling machine is used for rolling and unrolling the heat preservation quilt with one shed and two rolls; the top of the shed body is provided with a vent with the width of 1.5m, the side surface of the shed body is provided with a film rolling window which is rolled by an electric film rolling device, and the vent is covered by a 40-mesh insect-proof net; a light supplement lamp 4(80 lamps with power of 40 w/lamp) is arranged in the greenhouse body, and the distance between the light supplement lamp and the plants is 80 cm; the method comprises the following steps of arranging cultivation soil grooves 5 on the ground of a greenhouse, wherein the distance between the cultivation soil grooves is 1.5m, the depth of the cultivation soil grooves is 25cm, the bottom width of the cultivation soil grooves is 25cm, the upper opening width of the cultivation soil grooves is 40cm, the cultivation soil grooves are used for filling organic substrates, and mulching films are covered on the cultivation soil grooves; the plastic greenhouse is further provided with an air source heating system which comprises an overground hot air transportation pipeline 6, an air pumping and sending device 7 and an underground air release pipeline 8, wherein the overground hot air transportation pipeline 6 is installed on the upper layer of the greenhouse, the underground air release pipeline 8 is buried around the cultivation soil groove, micropores are uniformly and densely distributed on the pipeline to allow hot air to escape, and the overground hot air transportation pipeline 6 is communicated with the underground release pipeline 8 through the air pumping and sending device 7 to pump high-temperature air at a high position to the underground air release pipeline to heat the soil temperature of the root zone.
Example 2
The performance of the low-temperature resistant heat-insulating vinyl house (hereinafter referred to as vinyl house) of example 1 is compared with that of a brick-wall type solar greenhouse (hereinafter referred to as solar greenhouse) as shown in FIG. 2. In the deep winter (1 month and 2 months), the daily average temperature change of the plastic greenhouse and the sunlight greenhouse is shown in figure 2, and the daily minimum temperature of the heat-insulating plastic greenhouse can reach the level of the sunlight greenhouse and sometimes even is slightly higher than that of the sunlight greenhouse as shown in figure 2. The minimum daily temperature of the outside air is in the range of-5.9-9.2 ℃, the minimum daily temperature of the air in the sunlight greenhouse is in the range of 5.8-16.7 ℃, and the minimum daily temperature of the air in the plastic greenhouse can reach 6.4-16.5 ℃. During the period from 1 month and 8 days to 2 months and 29 days, the average daily minimum temperature of the air in the sunlight greenhouse and the plastic greenhouse is respectively 10.9 and 11.7 ℃, and the plastic greenhouse is slightly higher than the sunlight greenhouse.
Example 3
In the same area in month 2, the comparison between the temperature of the low-temperature resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse (hereinafter referred to as plastic greenhouse) in example 1 and the temperature of the underground 20cm of a brick-wall type solar greenhouse (hereinafter referred to as solar greenhouse) in the same area is shown in FIG. 3, and as can be seen from FIG. 3, in the month 2, in the morning, the temperature of the soil 20cm below the solar greenhouse is in the range of 14-19 ℃, and the average value of the temperature of the soil 20cm in the month is 16.3 ℃; the soil temperature at 20cm underground of the plastic greenhouse is 15-19 ℃, and the average value of the soil temperature at 20cm in the month is 16.9 ℃. In the afternoon, the temperature of the soil 20cm underground of the sunlight greenhouse is 15-20 ℃, and the average value of the temperature of the soil 20cm in the month is 17.5 ℃; the soil temperature at the 20cm position of the plastic greenhouse is 16-21 ℃, and the average value of the soil temperature at the 20cm position of the month is 18.4 ℃. Therefore, the soil temperature 20cm under the plastic greenhouse is basically equivalent to the ground temperature effect of the sunlight greenhouse.
Example 4
The winter-spring stubble large fruit type tomatoes are respectively cultivated in the low-temperature resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse and the brick-wall type solar greenhouse, the cultivation density is 2381 plants/mu, the weight of a single fruit is about 197.8-219.7g, the yield of the brick-wall type solar greenhouse is 9415.5 kg/mu when the year is 2020 and 5 months and 25 days, the yield of the low-temperature resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse is 10634.2 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 12.94 percent compared with the brick-wall type solar greenhouse.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a low temperature resistant heat preservation hot house which characterized in that: comprises a shed body, a heat preservation quilt, a ventilation opening, a light supplement lamp, a cultivation soil groove and an air source heating system; the shed body consists of a shed frame, an inner film and an outer film, wherein the shed frame is of a semi-arch steel framework structure; the outer film covers the outer part of the shed frame; the inner film is arranged inside the shed frame, and the heat preservation layer is arranged outside the shed body; the top of the shed body is provided with a ventilation opening and is provided with an insect-proof net; a film rolling window is arranged on the side surface of the shed body; a light supplement lamp is arranged inside the shed body; the method comprises the following steps of arranging a cultivation soil groove on the ground of a greenhouse for filling an organic substrate, and covering a mulching film on the cultivation soil groove; the plastic greenhouse is further provided with an air source heating system which comprises an overground hot air transportation pipeline, an air pumping and sending device and an underground air release pipeline, wherein the overground hot air transportation pipeline is arranged on the upper layer of the greenhouse, the underground air release pipeline is buried around the cultivation soil groove, micropores are uniformly and densely distributed on the pipeline to allow heat air to escape, the overground hot air transportation pipeline is communicated with the underground release pipeline through the air pumping and sending device, high-temperature air at a high position is pumped to the underground air release pipeline, and the temperature of soil in a root zone is heated.
2. The low temperature resistant thermal insulation vinyl house of claim 1, wherein: the top of the shed body is provided with a rolling curtain machine, and one shed is provided with two rolls for rolling and unrolling the heat preservation quilt.
3. The low temperature resistant thermal insulation vinyl house of claim 1, wherein: the width of the vent is 1.5-2.0 m.
4. The low temperature resistant thermal insulation vinyl house of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the cultivation soil grooves is 1.4-1.6 m, the depth is 20-30cm, the bottom width is 20-30cm, and the upper opening width is 35-45 cm.
5. The low temperature resistant thermal insulation vinyl house of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the light supplement lamp and the plant is 50-100 cm.
6. The low temperature resistant thermal insulation vinyl house of claim 1, wherein: the number of the light supplement lamps is 50-120 per mu, and the power is 40 w/lamp.
7. The low temperature resistant thermal insulation vinyl house of claim 1, wherein: the east-west span of the low-temperature resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse is 20-30m, the south-north extension is 80-100m, the top height is 6.0-7.5m, and the greenhouse interval is at least 3.0 m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122263344.XU CN215957395U (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122263344.XU CN215957395U (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse |
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| CN215957395U true CN215957395U (en) | 2022-03-08 |
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| CN202122263344.XU Active CN215957395U (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Low-temperature-resistant heat-preservation plastic greenhouse |
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- 2021-09-17 CN CN202122263344.XU patent/CN215957395U/en active Active
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