CN215409017U - Clockwork spring engine with spare clockwork spring box - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a clockwork spring engine with a spare clockwork spring box, which comprises a shell; the spring barrel comprises a main spring barrel and a first gear set, wherein the main spring barrel and the first gear set are arranged in a shell, a main spring barrel gear is sleeved on the outer wall of the main spring barrel, and the main spring barrel gear is meshed with the input end of the first gear set; one end of the main output shaft is connected with the output end of the first gear set, and a second gear is arranged on the main output shaft; the second gear set is in meshing transmission with the second gear; the standby spring box comprises a middle shaft, a box body and a spring b, wherein two ends of the spring b are respectively connected with the middle shaft and the box body, gear teeth are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the box body, and the standby spring box is meshed with the second gear set through the gear teeth on the outer wall of the box body; the first generator is connected with the middle shaft. The spring motor realizes efficient conversion of spring energy storage, is provided with the standby spring barrel, and can continuously maintain power supply for a period of time in the state of replacing or charging the main spring barrel.

Description

Clockwork spring engine with spare clockwork spring box

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a clockwork spring engine with a spare clockwork spring box, and belongs to the field of clockwork spring engines.

Background

Various energies exist in nature, such as air and water flowing around us and small molecular motion in organisms, but the energies are often converted into corresponding potential energies to realize storage. If wind energy or running water is converted into electric energy, the electric energy is further converted into chemical energy by using a storage battery for storage, and the chemical energy is converted into electric energy and further converted into mechanical energy when required. It is evident that the efficiency of such multi-step energy storage and release is often low. In many cases, people can also convert the work (mechanical energy) which is done by the outside into elastic energy and store the elastic energy. Such as various spring devices, springs for toys and clocks. This conversion between mechanical and elastic energy is achieved by a change in the inter-atomic distance within the spring material. That is, when an external force is applied to the spring, the interatomic distance of the spring material is lengthened or shortened, thereby converting the work performed by the external force into the elastic energy of the spring; when the spring is released, the interatomic distance inside the spring material is restored to the original distance, so that the elastic energy is released as work to the outside. Although the conversion between mechanical and elastic energy can be made with little loss, the energy that can be stored by an elastically deformable material is of relatively low density.

With the research on the nano spring in east Dingdong, the university of Xian transportation, and the like, a novel device, namely the nano spring, which takes surface energy as a medium and efficiently stores and releases mechanical energy is designed. Unlike bulk springs, nanosprings achieve the storage and release of energy through the reconstruction of surface atoms. The device behaves like an accordion during loading and unloading: in the loading process, the twin crystal boundary moves to the twin crystal orientation with high surface energy, so that the work done by external force is converted into the surface energy of the nanometer device and stored; upon unloading, the twin boundaries move to a lower twin orientation at the surface driven by the stored surface energy, converting the stored surface energy from the surface to mechanical energy. Such nanosprings have significantly better performance than bulk springs,

taking the nano spring with the cross section width of 2.3nm as an example, the stored energy density is over 1000J/cm 3. (more than 1600 times of a clock spring), and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 98%, the energy conversion efficiency of the device is reduced along with the increase of the cross section width of the spring, but the energy conversion efficiency can still be kept more than 95% under the condition that the cross section width of the nanowire is not more than 5 nm.

Therefore, the nano spring can be expected to play a great role in the field of energy conversion in the near future, and particularly in the technical field of engines, the nano spring is expected to replace traditional engines (such as an internal combustion engine, an external combustion engine, a motor and the like) and storage batteries. Therefore, a spring motor using a spring or a spring for energy storage needs to be designed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a spring motor with a backup barrel, which realizes efficient conversion of stored energy of a spring, and is provided with the backup barrel, and can continuously maintain power supply for a while in a state where a main barrel is replaced or charged.

The utility model provides a clockwork spring engine with a spare clockwork spring box for achieving the aim, which comprises a shell; the spring barrel comprises a main spring barrel and a first gear set, wherein the main spring barrel and the first gear set are arranged in a shell, a main spring barrel gear is sleeved on the outer wall of the main spring barrel, and the main spring barrel gear is meshed with the input end of the first gear set; one end of the main output shaft is connected with the output end of the first gear set, and a second gear is arranged on the main output shaft; the second gear set is in meshing transmission with the second gear; the standby spring box comprises a middle shaft, a box body and a spring b, wherein two ends of the spring b are respectively connected with the middle shaft and the box body, gear teeth are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the box body, and the standby spring box is meshed with the second gear set through the gear teeth on the outer wall of the box body; the first generator is connected with the middle shaft.

Furthermore, the second gear set is connected with an electromagnetic eddy current brake, and the second gear set is clamped with the brake switch during braking.

Furthermore, a rotating shaft is movably arranged in the shell, the main spring box is sleeved on the rotating shaft, one end of a spring a in the main spring box is connected with the rotating shaft, and the other end of the spring a is connected with the inner wall of the main spring box.

Furthermore, a one-way clutch device is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a speed reduction motor is connected and arranged at the end part of the rotating shaft.

Furthermore, in order to recover braking energy when the standby spring barrel is in a complete energy storage state, the main spring barrel is charged, the main output shaft is connected with an excitation generator, and when the excitation generator recovers kinetic energy, the power output end of the first generator is connected with an excitation coil of the excitation generator; the power output end of the excitation generator is connected with the power driving end of the speed reducing motor.

Further, the spring motor also comprises a control system, wherein the control system comprises a counting unit for detecting and recording the rotation times of the main spring box; a communication unit for performing data communication with the outside; and the control unit is electrically connected with the counting unit and the communication unit respectively.

Furthermore, the control system also comprises a temperature adjusting unit which is used for heating and cooling the main spring box and the first gear set; the display unit is used for displaying the working parameters of the spring motor; a light emitting unit for providing illumination inside the housing; the camera shooting unit is used for monitoring the working conditions of all parts in the shell in real time; the GPS unit is used for positioning the spring motor; the temperature adjusting unit, the display unit, the light emitting unit, the camera shooting unit and the GPS unit are all electrically connected with the control unit.

Furthermore, the main output shaft is connected with a first gearbox, and the output end of the first gearbox is connected with a second gearbox.

Further, the first gear set comprises a slow gear set in meshing transmission with the main spring box and a fast gear set in meshing transmission with the slow gear set, the main spring box and the slow gear set are in a vacuum environment, and the fast gear set is soaked in cooling liquid.

Further, the shell comprises a keel frame, a first metal layer, a first buffer layer, a second metal layer and a second buffer layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

1. the spring motor with the standby spring barrel realizes the efficient conversion of stored energy of the spring, and the standby spring barrel is arranged, so that the power supply can be continuously maintained for a period of time in the state of replacing or charging the main spring barrel; during the running process of the trolley provided with the spring motor, the spring motor transmits power to the standby spring barrel through the second gear set, the standby spring barrel stores part of energy and transmits part of energy to the generator so as to supply the electricity demand of the trolley; the clockwork spring engine has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency (up to more than 70 percent (30 percent of gasoline)), long energy storage time, difficult natural loss, durability, difficult damage, strong power, long service time, strong cruising ability, long service life of core components (up to dozens of years or more than one hundred years), low running mileage cost, good waterproof and dustproof effects, wide application and the like, and can be used normally even in extreme weather and severe environment.

2. After the braking gear is accelerated in multiple stages, although the rotating speed is high, the braking gear can be stopped by only small force, so that the main power output shaft stops rotating, and the spring motor is conveniently braked.

3. The rotating shaft is sleeved with a one-way clutch device, and the end part of the rotating shaft is connected with a speed reduction motor. The one-way clutch device has the functions of overrunning, indexing and non-return, the speed reduction motor can drive the rotating shaft to slowly tighten the energy storage of the clockwork spring a, the rotating shaft can only be driven by the speed reduction motor to rotate, and after the speed reduction motor stops, the rotating shaft is locked under the action of the non-return function, so that the normal operation of the clockwork spring engine is ensured.

4. The spring motor also comprises a control system, wherein a counting unit of the control system is used for detecting and recording the rotation times of the main spring box and sending the rotation times to the control unit, and after the spring stores energy, the energy which can be released by the spring can be converted into the rotation times of the main spring box, so that the residual rotation times can be obtained by counting the rotation times of the main spring box, and the residual rotation times can be converted into corresponding residual stroke number or residual energy storage percentage.

5. The main output shaft is connected with an excitation generator, and when the excitation generator recovers kinetic energy, the power output end of the first generator is connected with an excitation coil of the excitation generator; when the trolley needs to be braked, the first generator transmits power to the excitation coil of the excitation generator, the first generator continues to supply power to the electric equipment of the whole vehicle, the excitation generator recovers a part of braking kinetic energy, supplies power to the speed reduction motor, and charges energy for the main spring box.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the housing of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the ratchet clutch of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the control system of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a view showing the structure of the casing of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a main barrel; 3. a position clamping column; 4. a first gear set; 5. a main output shaft; 9. a first clutch; 11. a second gear; 12. a second gear set; 13. a first generator; 14. a spare barrel; 15. an electromagnetic eddy current brake; 16. a brake switch; 17. a rotating shaft; 18. a clamping plate; 19. a counting unit; 20. a communication unit; 21. a control unit; 22. a temperature adjusting unit; 23. a display unit; 24. a light emitting unit; 25. an image pickup unit; 26. a GPS unit; 27. a first gearbox; 28. a second gearbox; 29. a reduction motor; 30. a ratchet wheel; 31. a pawl; 32. a gear lever; 33. a second clutch; 35. exciting the generator; 101. a keel frame; 102. a first metal layer; 103. a first buffer layer; 104. a second metal layer; 105. a second buffer layer.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a power spring engine with a spare barrel, including a case 1; the spring barrel comprises a main spring barrel 2 and a first gear set 4 which are arranged in a shell 1, wherein a main spring barrel gear is sleeved on the outer wall of the main spring barrel 2 and is meshed with the input end of the first gear set 4; one end of the main output shaft 5 is connected with the output end of the first gear set 4, and a second gear 11 is arranged on the main output shaft 5; the second gear set 12 is in meshing transmission with the second gear 11; the standby spring barrel 14 comprises a middle shaft, a box body and a spring b, wherein two ends of the spring b are respectively connected with the middle shaft and the box body, gear teeth are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the box body, and the standby spring barrel 14 is meshed with the second gear set 12 through the gear teeth on the outer wall of the box body; and the first generator 13 is connected with the middle shaft.

As shown in fig. 2, a locking column 3 is provided above the housing 1, and when the housing 1 is mounted in the cart, it is locked with a locking plate 18 in the cart to fix the housing 1.

A rotating shaft 17 is movably arranged in the shell 1, the main spring box 2 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 17, one end of a spring a in the main spring box 2 is connected with the rotating shaft 17, and the other end of the spring a is connected with the inner wall of the main spring box 2. After the spring a stores energy, when the rotating shaft 17 is fixed, the main spring box 2 rotates under the action of the spring a, so that power is transmitted to the main output shaft 5 through the first gear set 4, and the main output shaft 5 outputs the power.

First gear train 4 includes the slow gear group with main spring barrel 2 meshing transmission and with the fast gear train of slow gear group meshing transmission, main spring barrel 2 and slow gear group are in the vacuum environment, can reduce the inside part oxidation, and extension live time reduces inside part friction noise. The fast gear set is immersed in the coolant.

The second gear set 12 is similar to the first gear set 4 in function and structure, and is formed by sequentially meshing and driving a plurality of gear wheels, the rotating speed of the gear wheels is gradually increased along the direction of power transmission, and the structures of the first gear set 4 and the second gear set 12 can be obtained according to the combination of the requirements of practical application.

An electromagnetic eddy current brake 15 is connected to the second gear set 12, and the second gear set 12 is engaged with a brake switch 16 during braking.

The brake switch 16 may be a pneumatic brake or a manual brake, which requires the brake cylinder to be filled before the first use. After the spring motor is started, gas is always added to a brake gas tank in the pneumatic brake device, and when braking is needed, the brake gas tank pushes a gear of a brake switch 16 to be clamped with the second gear set 12, so that the main output shaft 5 stops rotating. The manual brake device requires the brake switch 16 to be manually pushed and pulled out, so that the gear of the brake switch 16 is engaged with and disengaged from the second gear set 12.

In practical use, the brake switch 16 can include both pneumatic braking and manual braking modes, so that the use is safer.

The spare barrel 14 selects a proper transmission ratio position in the second gear set 12 and is connected, the connection between the spring b of the spare barrel 14 and the box body is clamping connection, the energy of the spring b reaches a certain limit, and the spring b and the box body can slide, so that the damage caused by over-charging of the spare barrel 14 is prevented.

During operation of the vehicle equipped with the spring motor, the latter transmits power to the reserve barrel 14 through the second gear set 12, the reserve barrel 14 storing a part of the energy and transmitting a part of the energy to the first generator 13, supplying the electricity demand of the vehicle.

The rotating shaft 17 is sleeved with a one-way clutch device, and the end part of the rotating shaft 17 is connected with a speed reducing motor 29. The one-way clutch device has the functions of overrunning, indexing and non-return, and is a non-return device, a one-way clutch or a ratchet clutch. The speed reducing motor 29 can drive the rotating shaft 17 to slowly tighten the clockwork spring a for energy storage, the one-way clutch device can enable the rotating shaft 17 to only rotate under the driving of the speed reducing motor 29, and after the speed reducing motor 29 stops, the rotating shaft 17 is locked under the action of the non-return function.

As shown in fig. 3, the structural diagram of the one-way clutch device is a ratchet clutch, the ratchet clutch includes a ratchet 30, a pawl 31 and a spring, and under the action of the spring, the front end of the pawl 31 is always downward and embedded in the tooth slot of the ratchet 30. When the speed reducing motor 29 drives the rotating shaft 17 to rotate anticlockwise, the ratchet wheel 30 also starts to rotate anticlockwise; when the reduction motor 29 is stopped, the pawl 31 is inserted into the tooth groove of the ratchet 30 to hold the ratchet 30, and the rotation shaft 17 and the ratchet 30 cannot rotate clockwise even by the action of the spring a.

The rear part of the main output shaft 5 is connected with a first clutch 9, the rear part of the first clutch 9 is connected with a first gearbox 27, the rear part of the first gearbox 27 is connected with a second clutch 33, the rear part of the second clutch 33 is connected with a second gearbox 28, and the rear part of the second gearbox 28 is connected with an excitation generator 35; when the excitation generator 35 recovers kinetic energy, the power output end of the first generator 13 is connected with the excitation coil of the excitation generator 35; the power output end of the excitation generator 35 is connected with the power driving end of the speed reducing motor 29, and when the standby spring barrel 14 is fully charged with energy, the braking energy of the trolley can be further recovered; when the trolley is braked, the first generator 13 transmits electric power to the excitation coil of the excitation generator 35, at the moment, the first generator 13 continues to supply energy to the electric equipment of the whole trolley, the excitation generator 35 recovers a part of braking kinetic energy, supplies the electric power to the speed reducing motor 29, and charges the energy to the main spring box 2.

This embodiment still provides a clockwork spring a's energy storage mode, wears to be equipped with gear rod 32 on casing 1, and gear rod 32 passes through the bearing rotation with casing 1 and is connected, and an energy storage gear is connected to the one end that gear rod 32 is located casing 1, and energy storage gear and the meshing of first gear train 4, it is specific, first gear train 4 and energy storage gear meshing's gear near main spring barrel gear. The gear rod 32 is located at the lower part of the shell 1, and a square hole is concavely arranged on the end surface, so that the gear rod is conveniently connected with external power. The external power drives the gear lever 32 to rotate, causing the first gear set 4 to rotate in the reverse direction, thereby driving the main barrel 2 to rotate and storing energy for the spring a. When the spring a is charged by the rotation of the gear lever 32, the brake switch 16 is disengaged from the second gear set 12, and the first clutch 9 is disengaged.

The rotating shaft 17 is driven by the speed reducing motor 29 with smaller power to stir the clockwork spring a for energy storage, so that the energy storage device is convenient and flexible, and can be used even on the existing electric automobile charging pile. Also can drive gear pole 32 through high-power gear motor and make clockwork spring an energy storage, the mode efficiency through gear pole 32 energy storage is higher, more save time. It can be seen that these two energy storage modes are long and should be used in combination.

As shown in fig. 4, the clockwork spring motor further comprises a control system, the control system comprises a control unit 21, a counting unit 19, a communication unit 20, a temperature adjusting unit 22, a display unit 23, a light-emitting unit 24, a camera unit 25 and a GPS unit 26, and the control unit 21 is electrically connected with the counting unit 19, the communication unit 20, the temperature adjusting unit 22, the display unit 23, the light-emitting unit 24, the camera unit 25, the GPS unit 26, a speed reducing motor 29, an electromagnetic eddy current brake 15 and the first generator 13 respectively.

The counting unit 19 is adapted to detect and record the number of rotations of the main barrel 2 and to send the number of rotations to the control unit 21, and after the spring a has accumulated energy, the energy that it can release can be converted into the number of rotations of the main barrel 2, so that the remaining number of rotations can be obtained by counting the number of rotations that the main barrel 2 has rotated, and thus converted into the corresponding remaining number of strokes or remaining percentage of accumulated energy.

The temperature adjusting unit 22 is used for heating and cooling the main spring box 2 and the first gear set 4; the main spring barrel 2 and the first gear train 4 can maintain the optimum movement state in the temperature range K1 to K2, and the temperature adjusting unit 22 is warmed up when the main spring barrel 2 and the first gear train 4 are lower than K1. When the main barrel 2 and the first gear train 4 are higher than K2, the temperature control unit 22 cools down, and when the main barrel 2 and the first gear train 4 are in K1 to K2, the temperature control unit 22 stops operating.

The display unit 23 is used for displaying the working parameters of the spring motor. The camera unit 25 is used to monitor the operation of the components in the housing 1 in real time. The communication unit 20 is used for data communication with the outside. The light emitting unit 24 is used for providing illumination for the inside of the housing 1, thereby facilitating the maintenance. The GPS unit 26 locates the spring motor by means of a global positioning system.

Each gear in the first gearbox 27 controls the displacement of the entire engine, depending on the respective displacement magnitude torque. The spring a is used to reduce the final force, and the final force is reduced, and at this time, the control unit 21 will automatically adjust the electromagnetic eddy current brake 15 and the first gearbox 27 to 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 … … to meet the torque requirement of the used stable revolution, for example, from the original displacement of 2.0 with the gradual reduction of the spring force. The second gearbox 28 is then used for gear shifting.

As shown in fig. 5, the shell 1 includes a keel frame 101, a first metal layer 102, a first buffer layer 103, a second metal layer 104 and a second buffer layer 105, which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the keel frame 101 is a mesh hollow tube keel frame, which can be a keel frame composed of mesh intersecting hollow tubes made of titanium alloy, and provides a support for the whole shell 1. The first metal layer 102 is a stainless steel plate and wraps the entire keel frame 101. The first buffer layer 103 is a foam layer, and wraps the entire first metal layer 102. The second metal layer 104 is an alloy plate layer, and wraps the entire first buffer layer 103. The second buffer layer 105 is a foam layer, and wraps the entire second metal layer 104. The second buffer layer 105 is externally provided with a shell with iron sheet, for example: the automobile shell and the carrier iron shell wrap the whole second buffer layer 105, and the foam layers of the first buffer layer 103 and the second buffer layer 105 are made of high-density foam. The shell 1 and the shell of the iron sheet of the carrier are all connected into a whole, and the shell has the functions of water resistance, dust resistance and shock resistance.

Note that, in the present embodiment, the spring provided in the main barrel 2 may be replaced with a spring. The number of the main barrel 2 may be one or more.

The clockwork spring engine can also be used as a special energy storage device, can store energy for the clockwork spring engine by utilizing solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and the like, is a universal energy storage device by slightly improving the clockwork spring engine, and can be applied to various fields. The clockwork motor is an engine and a generator, and can be used for replacing all conventional fuel generators, engines and storage battery tools.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the utility model as claimed. The scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a clockwork spring engine with reserve barrel which characterized in that:

comprises a shell (1);

the spring barrel is characterized by comprising a main spring barrel (2) and a first gear set (4) which are arranged in a shell (1), wherein a main spring barrel gear is sleeved on the outer wall of the main spring barrel (2), and the main spring barrel gear is meshed with the input end of the first gear set (4);

one end of the main output shaft (5) is connected with the output end of the first gear set (4), and a second gear (11) is arranged on the main output shaft (5);

the second gear set (12) is in meshing transmission with the second gear (11);

the standby spring barrel (14) comprises a center shaft, a box body and a spring b, wherein two ends of the spring b are respectively connected with the center shaft and the box body, gear teeth are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the box body, and the standby spring barrel (14) is meshed with the second gear set (12) through the gear teeth on the outer wall of the box body;

and the first generator (13) is connected with the middle shaft.

2. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to claim 1, wherein: an electromagnetic eddy current brake (15) is connected with the second gear set (12), and the second gear set (12) is clamped with a brake switch (16) during braking.

3. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to claim 1, wherein: the spring barrel is characterized in that a rotating shaft (17) is movably arranged in the shell (1), the main spring barrel (2) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (17), one end of a spring a in the main spring barrel (2) is connected with the rotating shaft (17), and the other end of the spring a is connected with the inner wall of the main spring barrel (2).

4. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to claim 3, wherein: the rotating shaft (17) is sleeved with a one-way clutch device, and the end part of the rotating shaft (17) is connected with a speed reducing motor (29).

5. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to claim 4, wherein: the main output shaft (5) is connected with an excitation generator (35), and when the excitation generator (35) recovers kinetic energy, the power output end of the first generator (13) is connected with an excitation coil of the excitation generator (35); the power output end of the excitation generator (35) is connected with the power driving end of the speed reducing motor (29).

6. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to claim 1, wherein: the spring motor also includes a control system including

A counting unit (19) for detecting and recording the number of rotations of the main barrel (2);

a communication unit (20) for performing data communication with the outside;

and a control unit (21) electrically connected with the counting unit (19) and the communication unit (20) respectively.

7. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to claim 6, wherein: the control system further comprises a temperature adjusting unit (22) for heating and cooling the main spring box (2) and the first gear set (4);

a display unit (23) for displaying the operating parameters of the spring motor;

a light emitting unit (24) for providing illumination inside the housing (1);

the camera unit (25) is used for monitoring the working conditions of all parts in the shell (1) in real time;

a GPS unit (26) for positioning the spring motor;

the temperature adjusting unit (22), the display unit (23), the light emitting unit (24), the camera unit (25) and the GPS unit (26) are electrically connected with the control unit (21).

8. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the main output shaft (5) is connected with a first gearbox (27), and the output end of the first gearbox (27) is connected with a second gearbox (28).

9. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the first gear set (4) comprises a slow gear set in meshing transmission with the main spring box (2) and a fast gear set in meshing transmission with the slow gear set, the main spring box (2) and the slow gear set are in a vacuum environment, and the fast gear set is soaked in cooling liquid.

10. A barrel motor with a spare barrel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the shell (1) comprises a keel frame (101), a first metal layer (102), a first buffer layer (103), a second metal layer (104) and a second buffer layer (105) which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.

Images