CN215008293U - Membrane electrode assembly, fuel cell unit, and fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Membrane electrode assembly, fuel cell unit, and fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN215008293U CN215008293U CN202121486036.7U CN202121486036U CN215008293U CN 215008293 U CN215008293 U CN 215008293U CN 202121486036 U CN202121486036 U CN 202121486036U CN 215008293 U CN215008293 U CN 215008293U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a membrane electrode assembly, a fuel cell unit and a fuel cell stack, wherein the membrane electrode assembly comprises an anode catalysis layer and a cathode catalysis layer, the anode catalysis layer comprises an anode substrate catalysis layer and/or a first catalysis layer, and the cathode catalysis layer comprises a cathode substrate catalysis layer and a second catalysis layer; the first catalytic layer and the second catalytic layer are pattern catalytic layers, and the pattern catalytic layers are matched with the patterns of the gas flow channels on the graphite bipolar plate. The utility model discloses an optimize the structure of catalysis layer, set up it to the bilayer structure including basement catalysis layer and patterned catalysis layer, can react when basement catalysis layer satisfies after the gas entering runner through the diffusion entering catalysis layer, carry out abundant reaction with the ascending catalysis layer of runner orthographic projection orientation when the pattern catalysis layer satisfies gas flow along the direction of runner. By reasonably designing the catalyst layer, the use amount of the catalyst is reduced, and the effective utilization rate of the catalyst is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell technical field, in particular to membrane electrode assembly, fuel cell unit, fuel cell pile.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are a clean source of energy that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The novel energy-saving type low-power-density converter has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, high power density, low-temperature operation, no pollution and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles, rail transit, aviation and the like. The membrane electrode is a place where electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell occurs, provides a passage for the inlet and outlet of reaction gas, tail gas and liquid water, mainly comprises a catalyst, a proton exchange membrane and a gas diffusion layer, and is the technical and cost center of the fuel cell.
The Membrane electrode mainly comprises an anode gas diffusion layer, an anode Catalyst layer, a proton exchange Membrane, a cathode Catalyst layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer, wherein a Catalyst Coating Membrane (CCM) is a three-in-one structure consisting of the anode Catalyst layer, the proton exchange Membrane and the cathode Catalyst layer. Most CCMs are prepared by ultrasonic spraying, hot-pressing transfer printing and direct cathode and anode coating. And pressing the CCM and the carbon paper to form an MEA, and finally pressing and assembling a plurality of MEA and the graphite (metal) bipolar plate with the special flow channel to form the fuel cell stack.
The existing fuel cell stack has the following technical problems: in the process of assembling the stack, the anode and cathode catalyst layers of the MEA are completely covered by the catalyst layer area of the graphite bipolar plate. The catalyst layer of the MEA has only a partial area (corresponding to the flow channel region in the graphite bipolar plate) that contacts the gas (air, hydrogen) for reaction, and has a high catalytic reaction efficiency, and another partial area (corresponding to the ridge region in the graphite bipolar plate) that does not directly contact the gas (air, hydrogen) results in a difference in gas transmission concentration, and a partial region has a low catalyst utilization rate, so that overall, the catalyst utilization rate is reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The invention of the utility model aims to: aiming at the technical defects of low catalytic reaction efficiency of a catalytic layer and higher cost of a fuel cell in the prior art, a membrane electrode assembly, a fuel cell unit and a fuel cell stack are provided.
In order to realize the purpose, the utility model discloses a technical scheme be:
the anode catalysis layer and the cathode catalysis layer are respectively arranged on membrane surfaces on two sides of the proton exchange membrane, the anode catalysis layer comprises an anode substrate catalysis layer and/or a first catalysis layer, and the cathode catalysis layer comprises a cathode substrate catalysis layer and a second catalysis layer;
the anode substrate catalyst layer and the cathode substrate catalyst layer are respectively arranged on membrane surfaces on two sides of the proton exchange membrane, the first catalyst layer is arranged on the anode substrate catalyst layer, and the second catalyst layer is arranged on the cathode substrate catalyst layer;
the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer are pattern catalyst layers, and the pattern catalyst layers are matched with the patterns of the gas flow channels on the polar plate.
The utility model discloses discovery in the structural research to current fuel cell, the utilization ratio of the precious metal catalyst on membrane electrode assembly's the catalysis layer is very low, and in the follow-up in-process of assembling into the pile, 50% area in the catalysis layer closely laminates with the ridge structure of bipolar plate, after air, hydrogen got into the gas flow channel, the catalysis layer that laminates with the ridge structure can not be abundant with gas contact, the reaction, lead to the catalytic reaction efficiency of this regional catalysis layer to hang down, the limited precious metal catalyst of resource has greatly been wasted, therefore propose carrying out the improvement of structure to the catalysis layer, design a patterned catalysis layer structure, combine the gas diffusion law that gets into the gas flow channel, the reasonable distributes the precious metal catalyst content of each part on the catalysis layer, make this membrane electrode assembly's structure more accord with hydrogen fuel cell's emergence mechanism, further improving the utilization rate of noble metal in the catalyst and reducing the production cost of the fuel cell.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, be equipped with the catalyst effective area region respectively on proton exchange membrane's the both sides face, positive pole basement catalysis layer with negative pole basement catalysis layer is in all cover the laying on the effective area region. The anode substrate catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer have different thicknesses according to the addition amount of the cathode and anode catalysts, and further preferably, the content range of the noble metal catalyst in the anode catalyst layer is 0.05-0.1mg/cm2The thickness range of the anode catalyst layer is 2-8 μm; in the cathode catalyst layer, the content range of the noble metal catalyst is 0.15-0.4mg/cm2The thickness of the cathode catalyst layer ranges from 5 to 30 mu m.
According to the flowing and diffusion rule of gas in the flow channel of the polar plate, the thickness ratio between the substrate catalyst layer and the pattern catalyst layer is adjusted, and the utilization rate of the catalyst can be further improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the patterned catalyst layer is arranged in a serpentine structure on the anode substrate catalyst layer or the cathode substrate catalyst layer; the snake-shaped structure part of the pattern catalyst layer corresponds to the coverage area of the effective area, and the snake-shaped convex structure is matched with the concave flow passage position of the polar plate. According to the shape of the flow channel on the polar plate, the design of the pattern catalyst layer structure is carried out, so that in the effective area region, the catalyst layer of a partial region only comprises the substrate catalyst layer, and the region right below the flow channel of the polar plate is the region containing the pattern catalyst layer. The utilization rate of noble metals in the battery is improved.
The patterned catalyst layer forms a regular serpentine pattern over the entire catalyst active coverage area. The patterned catalytic layer can be obtained by screen printing by using a printing plate with a graphite bipolar plate flow channel pattern, or can be formed by ultrasonic spraying and coating by using a mask plate with a graphite bipolar plate flow channel pattern.
A fuel cell unit comprises the membrane electrode assembly and a gas diffusion layer, wherein the gas diffusion layer is respectively arranged on an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer, the anode gas diffusion layer is arranged on one side of the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode gas diffusion layer is arranged on one side of the cathode catalyst layer. The gas diffusion layer is made of materials with hydrophobic microporous layers, such as carbon paper, carbon cloth and the like.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the proton exchange membrane further comprises a support frame, and the support frame is used for supporting and sealing the proton exchange membrane.
A fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cell units, wherein the fuel cell units are connected in series in an electric circuit.
As the utility model discloses a preferred scheme, it is a plurality of be provided with bipolar plate between the fuel cell unit, bipolar plate includes bipolar plate cathode side and bipolar plate positive pole side, bipolar plate set up in on the gas diffusion layer, anode gas diffusion layer with bipolar plate positive pole side meets, cathode gas diffusion layer with bipolar plate cathode side meets.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one flow channel is disposed on both the anode side and the cathode side of the bipolar plate, and the pattern of the flow channel matches with the pattern of the first catalyst layer or the second catalyst layer.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, set up two at least runners on bipolar plate anode side or the bipolar plate cathode side respectively, it is adjacent parallel arrangement and mutual isolation between the runner.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, on the patterned catalyst layer, the width of the convex bar-shaped catalyst is less than or equal to the width of the corresponding flow channel on the bipolar plate.
To sum up, owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
the utility model discloses an optimize the structure of catalysis layer, set up it to the bilayer structure including basement catalysis layer and patterned catalysis layer, can react when basement catalysis layer satisfies after the gas entering runner through the diffusion entering catalysis layer, carry out abundant reaction with the ascending catalysis layer of runner orthographic projection orientation when the pattern catalysis layer satisfies gas flow along the direction of runner. By reasonably designing the catalyst layer, the use amount of the catalyst is reduced, and the effective utilization rate of the catalyst is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a membrane electrode assembly of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell unit of example 2;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell unit of embodiment 3;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the catalytic layer of the present invention;
fig. 5 is another schematic structural view of the catalytic layer of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a fuel cell unit according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell stack according to the present invention;
figure 8 is a schematic view of a horizontal cut-away of a bipolar plate in example 2;
figure 9 is a schematic view of a horizontal cut-away of a bipolar plate in example 3;
the labels in the figure are: the fuel cell stack comprises a proton exchange membrane 1, an effective area region 11, an anode catalytic layer 2, an anode substrate catalytic layer 21, a first catalytic layer 22, a cathode catalytic layer 3, a cathode substrate catalytic layer 31, a cathode catalytic layer 32, a second catalytic layer 4, a pattern catalytic layer 6, a gas diffusion layer 61, a cathode gas diffusion layer 62, an anode gas diffusion layer 7, a bipolar plate 71, a bipolar plate anode side 72, a bipolar plate cathode side 8, a gas flow channel 9.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A membrane electrode assembly is shown in figure 1 and comprises an anode catalyst layer 2 and a cathode catalyst layer 3, wherein the anode catalyst layer 2 and the cathode catalyst layer 3 are respectively arranged on membrane surfaces at two sides of a proton exchange membrane 1; the anode catalyst layer 2 comprises an anode substrate catalyst layer 21 and a first catalyst layer 22, and the cathode catalyst layer 3 comprises a cathode substrate catalyst layer 31 and a second catalyst layer 32; the anode substrate catalyst layer 21 and the cathode substrate catalyst layer 31 are respectively arranged on membrane surfaces on two sides of the proton exchange membrane 1, the first catalyst layer 22 is arranged on the anode substrate catalyst layer 21, and the second catalyst layer 32 is arranged on the cathode substrate catalyst layer 31;
The first catalytic layer 22 and the second catalytic layer 32 are patterned catalytic layers 4, and the patterned catalytic layers 4 match the pattern of the gas flow channels 8 on the graphite bipolar plate. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, the patterned catalytic layer 4 is arranged in a serpentine structure on the anode substrate catalytic layer 21 or the cathode substrate catalytic layer 31; the serpentine structure part of the pattern catalyst layer corresponds to the covering area of the effective area 11, and the convex structure of the serpentine structure is matched with the concave flow channel position of the polar plate. As shown in fig. 6, the structure of the patterned catalyst layer 4 is designed according to the shape of the gas flow channel 8 on the plate, so that in the effective area region 11, the catalyst layer covered on a partial region only includes the substrate catalyst layer, and the partial region also includes the patterned catalyst layer 4.
Example 2
This embodiment is a fuel cell unit, and as shown in fig. 2, includes the membrane electrode assembly of embodiment 1, and further includes a gas diffusion layer 6, and the gas diffusion layer 6 is disposed on the anode catalytic layer 2 and the cathode catalytic layer 3, respectively. The gas diffusion layer 6 comprises an anode gas diffusion layer 61 and a cathode gas diffusion layer 62, and the gas diffusion layer 6 is made of carbon paper. Further, the proton exchange membrane further comprises a support frame, and the support frame is used for fixing the proton exchange membrane 1 and the gas diffusion layer 6.
Example 3
This embodiment is the same as the fuel cell unit of the embodiment 2, except that the anode catalytic layer 2 of the fuel cell unit includes only the anode-base catalytic layer 21, and does not include the first catalytic layer 22, as shown in fig. 3.
Example 4
A fuel cell stack 9, as shown in fig. 7, the fuel cell stack 9 comprising the fuel cell unit of example 1, a plurality of the fuel cell units being electrically connected in series. A bipolar plate 7 is arranged among a plurality of fuel cell units, one side of the bipolar plate 7 is a bipolar plate anode side 71, the other side is a bipolar plate cathode side 72, the bipolar plate 7 is arranged on the gas diffusion layer 6, the anode gas diffusion layer 62 is connected with the bipolar plate anode side 71, and the cathode gas diffusion layer 61 is connected with the bipolar plate cathode side 72. The bipolar plate 7 is a graphite bipolar plate. The patterned catalyst layers 4 and the bipolar plate 7 are arranged in a positional relationship as shown in fig. 6, at least one gas flow channel 8 is arranged on each of the anode side 71 and the cathode side 72 of the bipolar plate, and the pattern of the gas flow channel 8 matches with the pattern of the first catalyst layer 22 or the second catalyst layer 32. As shown in fig. 8-9, which are schematic structural diagrams of a dual-channel structure and a single-channel structure, the anode side 71 of the bipolar plate or the cathode side 72 of the bipolar plate includes two gas channels 8, and the two gas channels 8 are disposed in parallel and isolated from each other. Furthermore, the width of the convex stripe-shaped catalyst on the patterned catalyst layer 4 is less than or equal to the width of the corresponding gas flow channel 8 on the bipolar plate.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A membrane electrode assembly comprises an anode catalyst layer (2) and a cathode catalyst layer (3), wherein the anode catalyst layer (2) and the cathode catalyst layer (3) are respectively arranged on the membrane surfaces at two sides of a proton exchange membrane (1),
the anode catalytic layer (2) comprises an anode substrate catalytic layer (21) and/or a first catalytic layer (22), and the cathode catalytic layer (3) comprises a cathode substrate catalytic layer (31) and a second catalytic layer (32); the anode substrate catalyst layer (21) and the cathode substrate catalyst layer (31) are respectively arranged on membrane surfaces on two sides of the proton exchange membrane (1), the first catalyst layer (22) is arranged on the anode substrate catalyst layer (21), and the second catalyst layer (32) is arranged on the cathode substrate catalyst layer (31);
the first catalytic layer (22) and the second catalytic layer (32) are pattern catalytic layers (4), and the pattern catalytic layers (4) are matched with the patterns of the gas flow channels (8) on the polar plate.
2. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein catalyst effective area regions (11) are respectively arranged on two membrane surfaces of the proton exchange membrane (1), and the anode base catalyst layer (21) and the cathode base catalyst layer (31) are laid in a full-coverage manner on the effective area regions (11).
3. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 2, wherein the patterned catalytic layer (4) is arranged in a serpentine configuration on the anode-substrate catalytic layer (21) or the cathode-substrate catalytic layer (31); the snake-shaped structure part of the pattern catalyst layer (4) corresponds to the coverage area of the effective area, and the snake-shaped convex structure is matched with the concave gas flow passage (8) of the polar plate in position.
4. A fuel cell unit comprising the membrane electrode assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and further comprising a gas diffusion layer (6), wherein the gas diffusion layer (6) is provided on the anode catalytic layer (2) and the cathode catalytic layer (3), respectively, and the anode gas diffusion layer (62) is provided on the anode catalytic layer (2) side, and the cathode gas diffusion layer (61) is provided on the cathode catalytic layer (3) side.
5. The fuel cell unit of claim 4, further comprising a support frame for support and sealing of the proton exchange membrane.
6. A fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cell units according to claim 5, the plurality of fuel cell units being connected in series in circuit.
7. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein a bipolar plate (7) is arranged between a plurality of the fuel cell units, wherein the bipolar plate (7) comprises a bipolar plate anode side (71) and a bipolar plate cathode side (72), and wherein the bipolar plate (7) is arranged on the gas diffusion layer (6), wherein an anode gas diffusion layer (62) is connected with the bipolar plate anode side (71), and a cathode gas diffusion layer (61) is connected with the bipolar plate cathode side (72).
8. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one gas flow channel (8) is provided on both the anode side (71) and the cathode side (72) of the bipolar plate, the pattern of the gas flow channels (8) matching the pattern of the first catalytic layer (22) or the second catalytic layer (32).
9. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, characterized in that at least two gas flow channels (8) are provided on the anode side (71) or the cathode side (72) of the bipolar plate, respectively, and adjacent gas flow channels (8) are arranged in parallel and separated from each other.
10. The fuel cell stack according to any of claims 7-9, wherein the catalyst width of the convex stripe structure on the patterned catalyst layer (4) is smaller than or equal to the width of the corresponding gas flow channel (8) on the bipolar plate (7).
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| CN202121486036.7U CN215008293U (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | Membrane electrode assembly, fuel cell unit, and fuel cell stack |
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| CN202121486036.7U CN215008293U (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | Membrane electrode assembly, fuel cell unit, and fuel cell stack |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114420944A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-29 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell membrane electrode, preparation method thereof and fuel cell |
| CN115090127A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-23 | 中南林业科技大学 | Limited domain membrane with electrocatalysis performance, and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN116722152A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-09-08 | 华氢新能源(无锡)有限公司 | Non-uniform membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and fuel cell |
| CN116864755A (en) * | 2023-06-23 | 2023-10-10 | 浙江海盐力源环保科技股份有限公司 | High-stability fuel cell membrane electrode |
| CN116995260A (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-11-03 | 西安交通大学 | Fuel cell without gas diffusion layer |
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2021
- 2021-06-30 CN CN202121486036.7U patent/CN215008293U/en active Active
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114420944A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-29 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell membrane electrode, preparation method thereof and fuel cell |
| CN114420944B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell membrane electrode, preparation method thereof and fuel cell |
| CN115090127A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-23 | 中南林业科技大学 | Limited domain membrane with electrocatalysis performance, and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN115090127B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-04-18 | 中南林业科技大学 | Limited domain membrane with electrocatalysis performance, and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN116722152A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-09-08 | 华氢新能源(无锡)有限公司 | Non-uniform membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and fuel cell |
| WO2024017014A1 (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-25 | 华氢新能源(无锡)有限公司 | Non-uniform membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and fuel cell |
| CN116864755A (en) * | 2023-06-23 | 2023-10-10 | 浙江海盐力源环保科技股份有限公司 | High-stability fuel cell membrane electrode |
| CN116864755B (en) * | 2023-06-23 | 2024-05-24 | 浙江海盐力源环保科技股份有限公司 | High-stability fuel cell membrane electrode |
| CN116995260A (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-11-03 | 西安交通大学 | Fuel cell without gas diffusion layer |
| CN116995260B (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2024-04-30 | 西安交通大学 | Fuel cell without gas diffusion layer |
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