CN111477907A - Air-permeable bipolar plate suitable for fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Air-permeable bipolar plate suitable for fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN111477907A CN111477907A CN202010456157.0A CN202010456157A CN111477907A CN 111477907 A CN111477907 A CN 111477907A CN 202010456157 A CN202010456157 A CN 202010456157A CN 111477907 A CN111477907 A CN 111477907A
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- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a gas-permeable bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell stack and the fuel cell stack, comprising: an anode plate, a cathode flow field plate and a cathode substrate; the cathode substrate is disposed between the anode plate and the cathode flow field plate; a plurality of ridges protruding outwards are arranged on one side of the cathode flow field plate, a plurality of openings are formed in the ridges, a flow channel is formed between every two adjacent ridges, and the positions, corresponding to the ridges, on the other side of the cathode flow field plate are recessed inwards to form a space below the ridges; the cathode substrate is arranged on the side of the space below the ridge of the cathode flow field plate. The gas-permeable bipolar plate provided by the invention can effectively improve the oxygen concentration at the ridge part of the corresponding flow channel of the cathode of the membrane electrode, thereby enhancing the mass transfer of cathode gas, improving the average current density of a fuel cell and improving the power generation performance of the fuel cell compared with the traditional bipolar plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a breathable bipolar plate and a fuel cell stack, and particularly relates to a breathable bipolar plate and a fuel cell stack which are suitable for the fuel cell stack.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that can directly convert chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy. Because the voltage of a single cell of a hydrogen fuel cell is very low, in order to meet certain power and voltage requirements, a plurality of cells are often required to be connected in series to form a fuel cell stack in practical application. The fuel cell stack structure comprises an end plate, a collector plate, a bipolar plate, a membrane electrode, a sealing element and the like. The performance of each single cell affects the overall performance of the entire stack.
Patent document CN107946605A discloses a bipolar plate flow channel manufacturing process and a bipolar plate flow channel, wherein the bipolar plate is a structure formed by combining two polar plates, in a fuel cell stack, a membrane electrode is sandwiched between the two polar plates to form a single cell, and a plurality of single cells are connected in series to form the stack. The bipolar plate has the following functions: the first is to connect the cells in series, the second is to isolate the gas in the adjacent cells, the third is to be used as the structural support of the galvanic pile, the fourth is to transfer heat, and the fifth is to provide a runner with a certain structure to ensure the performance. At present, the metal bipolar plate of the fuel cell is formed by welding an anode plate and a cathode plate, and in the fuel cell, the main functions of a polar plate flow channel are firstly electric conduction and heat conduction and secondly reaction gas conveying and water discharge. The ridges of the flow channel are contacted with the carbon paper of the membrane electrode to play a role in conducting electrons; the grooves of the flow channels convey the reaction gas, and the reaction gas diffuses from the grooves of the flow channels to the carbon paper. In order to ensure the performance of the cell, the contact surface between the ridges of the flow channels of the polar plates and the carbon paper needs to ensure a certain contact area and contact pressure, otherwise, the gas in the flow channels cannot diffuse to the part of the flow channels pressed on the membrane electrode, so that the current density distribution of the fuel cell is uneven, and the performance of the cell is affected. In the current fuel cell stack, because of the existing bipolar plate flow channel structure, the oxygen partial pressure in the membrane electrode area is low, and the gas diffusion is not uniform, thereby affecting the performance of the cell.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a gas-permeable bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell stack and the fuel cell stack.
According to the present invention there is provided a gas permeable bipolar plate suitable for use in a fuel cell stack, comprising: an anode plate 11, a cathode flow field plate 12, and a cathode substrate 13;
the cathode substrate 13 is disposed between the anode plate 11 and the cathode flow field plate 12;
a plurality of outward protruding ridges are arranged on one side of the cathode flow field plate 12, a plurality of openings are formed in the ridges, a flow channel 14 is formed between every two adjacent ridges, and the positions, corresponding to the ridges, on the other side of the cathode flow field plate 12 are recessed inwards to form a space 15 below the ridges;
the cathode substrate 13 is disposed on the side of the under-ridge space 15 of the cathode flow field plate 12.
Preferably, the anode plate 11 and the cathode substrate 13 each include, in corresponding positions: a flow splitting area 8, a flow field area 9, an anode manifold port 2, a cathode manifold port 3, an anode branched port 5 and a cathode branched port 6;
the cathode flow field plate 12 is positioned in the flow field area 9 of the cathode substrate 13;
the anode reaction gas sequentially passes through the anode manifold port 2, the anode branch port 5 and the flow dividing region 8 and then enters the flow field region 9 of the anode plate 11;
the cathode reaction gas sequentially passes through the cathode manifold port 3, the cathode manifold port 6 and the flow splitting region 8 and then enters the flow channels 14 and the under-ridge space 15 of the flow field region 9 of the cathode substrate 13.
Preferably, the cathode substrate 13 and the anode plate 11 each include, in correspondence of position: water manifold port 4 and water-splitting port 7;
the cooling medium passes through the water manifold port 4, the water pipe port 7 and the flow dividing region 8 in sequence and then enters a cooling medium flow channel between the anode plate 11 and the cathode substrate 13.
Preferably, the flow field region 9 of the anode plate 11 is provided with a plurality of second ridges protruding outwards, and an anode gas channel is formed between every two adjacent second ridges.
Preferably, the anode plate 11, the cathode flow field plate 12 and the cathode substrate 13 are fixedly connected together.
Preferably, the ridges are obtained by stamping.
Preferably, the openings in the ridges are formed by stamping.
Preferably, the material of the cathode flow field plate 12 includes: stainless steel, pure titanium or titanium alloys;
the cathode flow field plate 12 and the cathode substrate 13 are made of the same material or different materials.
According to the present invention, a fuel cell stack is provided that includes a gas permeable bipolar plate suitable for use in a fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the anode plate 11 is in contact with the anode of the membrane electrode, and the cathode flow field plate 12 and the cathode substrate 13 are in contact with the cathode of the membrane electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the gas-permeable bipolar plate with the three-layer structure effectively solves the problem that the fuel cell performance is low due to the fact that the oxygen concentration is low in the membrane electrode area corresponding to the ridges of the cathode flow channel because of the shielding of the flow channel ridges in the conventional bipolar plate. The efficiency of oxygen in the cathode gas diffusing to the membrane electrode is improved, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
2. The contact area between the ridge of the cathode flow channel and the membrane electrode is increased through the cathode flow field plate, so that the contact resistance of the fuel cell is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
3. The cathode flow channel plate and the cathode substrate are of split structures and are respectively processed, so that the processing difficulty of the bipolar plate is effectively reduced, and the processing precision and the processing efficiency of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell are improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a gas permeable bipolar plate of the present invention;
figure 2 is an exploded view of a gas permeable bipolar plate of the present invention;
figure 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of a gas permeable bipolar plate of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the structure of the gas-permeable bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell stack provided by the present invention includes an anode manifold port 2, a cathode manifold port 3, a water manifold port 4, an anode branched port 5, a cathode branched port 6, a water branched port 7, a branched region 8, a flow field region 9, and a sealing region 10.
As shown in fig. 2, the gas-permeable bipolar plate of the present invention is mainly divided into 3 parts, an anode plate 11, a cathode flow field plate 12, and a cathode substrate 13. The anode plate comprises a structure comprising an anode manifold port 2, a cathode manifold port 3, a water manifold port 4, an anode branched pipe port 5, a cathode branched pipe port 6, a water branched pipe port 7, a flow splitting area 8, a flow field area 9 and a sealing area 10. The processing mode of the anode plate is punch forming.
The cathode substrate 13 structure of the invention comprises an anode manifold port 2, a cathode manifold port 3, a water manifold port 4, an anode branched port 5, a cathode branched port 6, a water branched port 7, a branched region 8 and a sealing region 10. The flow field 9 of the cathode substrate 13 is different from the current flow field of the cathode substrate, and mainly functions to block the cathode reaction gas and the cooling water of the water chamber. The flow field region 9 of the cathode substrate 13 does not have a ridge structure in contact with the gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode. The processing method of the cathode substrate 13 is press molding. The processing material of the cathode substrate 13 includes, but is not limited to, stainless steel, pure titanium, titanium alloy, and the like.
The cathode flow field plate 12 mainly comprises a flow field region 9, which is mainly structurally characterized by channel grooves and ridges. The flow channel ridges of the cathode flow field plate are stamped. The groove and ridge ratio of the cathode flow field plate 12 can be adjusted according to actual needs. The stamping position of the cathode flow field plate 12 is the contact surface of the flow channel ridge of the cathode flow field plate and the gas diffusion layer. The cathode flow field plate 12 can be machined by stamping the channel structure directly and simultaneously stamping the opening with the flow channel ridges so that the flow channel ridges form an opening structure 16 through which gas can pass. The processing material of the cathode flow field plate 12 includes, but is not limited to, stainless steel, pure titanium, titanium alloy, etc., and the processing material of the cathode flow field plate 12 and the cathode substrate 13 may be the same material or different materials. The groove to ridge ratio of the cathode flow field plate 12 can be adjusted as desired. The cathode flow field plate 12 is attached to the cathode substrate 13 by means including, but not limited to, welding, gluing, mechanical stops or direct pressure contact. The connection manner of the cathode substrate 13 and the anode plate includes, but is not limited to, welding, gluing, etc.
As shown in fig. 3, in use, the gas permeable bipolar plate of the present invention, which is composed of an anode plate 11, a cathode flow field plate 12, and a cathode substrate 13, is stacked with a fuel cell membrane electrode to form a fuel cell stack. The anode plate 11 is in contact with the anode of the membrane electrode, and the cathode flow field plate 12 and the cathode substrate 13 are in contact with the cathode of the membrane electrode. The anode reaction gas sequentially passes through the anode manifold port 2, the anode branch port 5 and the branch region 8 and then enters the flow field region 9 to participate in the reaction. The cathode reaction gas sequentially passes through the cathode manifold port 3, the cathode manifold port 6 and the flow splitting region 8 and then reaches the junction of the flow splitting region 8 of the cathode substrate 13 and the cathode flow field plate 12, as shown in fig. 3, when flowing through the cathode flow field plate 12, the cathode reaction gas simultaneously enters the flow channel 14 formed by the groove of the cathode flow field plate 12 and the space 15 under the ridge and formed by the cathode substrate together. The gas in the flow channel 14 directly diffuses into the membrane electrode to participate in reaction, and the cathode gas in the ridge space 15 can diffuse into the membrane electrode to participate in reaction through the opening structure 16 on the cathode flow field plate 12. The cathode flow field plate mainly plays roles in conducting gas, discharging generated water and conducting electricity. The cathode substrate mainly plays the roles of sealing cathode gas, uniformly distributing the cathode gas, forming a cooling flow field together with the anode plate and conducting electricity.
The invention provides a ventilating bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell stack, which is suitable for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A gas permeable bipolar plate suitable for use in a fuel cell stack, comprising: an anode plate (11), a cathode flow field plate (12), and a cathode substrate (13);
the cathode substrate (13) is arranged between the anode plate (11) and the cathode flow field plate (12);
a plurality of ridges protruding outwards are arranged on one side of the cathode flow field plate (12), a plurality of openings are formed in the ridges, a flow channel (14) is formed between every two adjacent ridges, and the position, corresponding to the ridges, on the other side of the cathode flow field plate (12) is recessed inwards to form a space (15) below the ridges;
the cathode substrate (13) is arranged on the side of the space (15) below the ridge of the cathode flow field plate (12).
2. Gas-permeable bipolar plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein said anode plate (11) and cathode substrate (13) each comprise, in correspondence of position: the device comprises a flow splitting area (8), a flow field area (9), an anode manifold port (2), a cathode manifold port (3), an anode manifold port (5) and a cathode manifold port (6);
the cathode flow field plate (12) is positioned in a flow field area (9) of the cathode substrate (13);
the anode reaction gas sequentially passes through the anode manifold port (2), the anode manifold port (5) and the flow splitting region (8) and then enters the flow field region (9) of the anode plate (11);
the cathode reaction gas sequentially passes through the cathode manifold port (3), the cathode branch port (6) and the flow splitting area (8) and then enters a flow channel (14) and a space (15) below the ridge of a flow field area (9) of the cathode substrate (13).
3. Gas-permeable bipolar plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 2, wherein said cathode substrate (13) and said anode plate (11) each comprise, in correspondence of position: a water manifold nozzle (4) and a water content nozzle (7);
the cooling medium passes through the water manifold port (4), the water pipe port (7) and the flow splitting region (8) in sequence and then enters a cooling medium flow channel between the anode plate (11) and the cathode substrate (13).
4. The gas-permeable bipolar plate for a fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 2, wherein the anode plate (11) is provided with a plurality of second ridges protruding outward on the flow field region (9) side, and an anode gas flow channel is formed between every two adjacent second ridges.
5. Gas permeable bipolar plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the anode plate (11), the cathode flow field plate (12) and the cathode substrate (13) are fixedly connected together.
6. The gas permeable bipolar plate for a fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ridge is formed by press molding.
7. The gas permeable bipolar plate for a fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the opening in the ridge is formed by press molding.
8. Gas-permeable bipolar plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the material of the cathode flow field plate (12) comprises: stainless steel, pure titanium or titanium alloys;
the cathode flow field plate (12) and the cathode substrate (13) are made of the same material or different materials.
9. A fuel cell stack comprising a gas permeable bipolar plate suitable for use in a fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The fuel cell stack according to claim 9, wherein the anode plate (11) is in contact with an anode of a membrane electrode, and the cathode flow field plate (12) and the cathode substrate (13) are in contact with a cathode of the membrane electrode.
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CN202010456157.0A CN111477907A (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Air-permeable bipolar plate suitable for fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack |
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CN202010456157.0A CN111477907A (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Air-permeable bipolar plate suitable for fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113571727A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 大连海事大学 | Novel bipolar plate with wave-shaped structure and under-ridge flow channel coupling proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
CN113629266A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-09 | 嘉寓氢能源科技(辽宁)有限公司 | High-permeability composite metal fuel cell bipolar plate and preparation method thereof |
CN113937329A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-14 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack |
US11271241B1 (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-08 | Chuni Lal Ghosh | Stackable fuel cell |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61216257A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Separator for fuel cell |
CN111146471A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Integrated renewable fuel cell flow field plate and cell structure thereof |
CN111193045A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-22 | 武汉中极氢能产业创新中心有限公司 | Bipolar plate of fuel cell and fuel cell |
-
2020
- 2020-05-26 CN CN202010456157.0A patent/CN111477907A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61216257A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Separator for fuel cell |
CN111146471A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Integrated renewable fuel cell flow field plate and cell structure thereof |
CN111193045A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-22 | 武汉中极氢能产业创新中心有限公司 | Bipolar plate of fuel cell and fuel cell |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11271241B1 (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-08 | Chuni Lal Ghosh | Stackable fuel cell |
CN113629266A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-09 | 嘉寓氢能源科技(辽宁)有限公司 | High-permeability composite metal fuel cell bipolar plate and preparation method thereof |
CN113571727A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 大连海事大学 | Novel bipolar plate with wave-shaped structure and under-ridge flow channel coupling proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
CN113571727B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-06-03 | 大连海事大学 | Flow field structure of bipolar plate of fuel cell |
CN113937329A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-14 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack |
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Application publication date: 20200731 |