CN214096345U - High-sensitivity bending hydrophone - Google Patents
High-sensitivity bending hydrophone Download PDFInfo
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- CN214096345U CN214096345U CN202022656981.9U CN202022656981U CN214096345U CN 214096345 U CN214096345 U CN 214096345U CN 202022656981 U CN202022656981 U CN 202022656981U CN 214096345 U CN214096345 U CN 214096345U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone, which comprises a polyurethane material, a metal sheet, a ceramic crystal pile, a plastic baffle and a cable; a plurality of polar ceramic strips are arranged side by side, a metal electrode strip is arranged between every two adjacent polar ceramic strips, so that the polar ceramic strips are connected in parallel, and the outer sides of the polar ceramic strips at the head end and the tail end are tightly attached to the non-polar ceramic strips through the metal electrode strips respectively so as to form a ceramic crystal stack; the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic crystal stack are respectively bonded with a metal sheet, the edges of the front side and the rear side of the assembly of the metal sheet and the ceramic crystal stack are blocked by plastic baffles, and polyurethane material is poured outside for external sealing; the positive pole or the negative pole of each polar ceramic strip penetrates out of the plastic baffle after being electrically connected with the lead, and is led out of the polyurethane material by a cable for being connected with external equipment. The utility model has the advantages that: the sensitivity is high, and the low-frequency sensitivity can reach-185 dB; the hydrostatic pressure resistance is strong, the working frequency band is wide and easy to adjust.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a hydrophone's field, concretely relates to hydrophone based on piezoelectric effect, especially utilized structural flextensional effect and realized high sensitivity's hydrophone.
Background
The sensitivity is the core performance index of the hydrophone, the higher the sensitivity is, the stronger the ability of the hydrophone to detect weak acoustic signals is, and the sensitivity of the hydrophone determines the lower limit of the detection threshold of the passive sonar equipment.
Summarizing how to improve the sensitivity of hydrophones, two general categories can be considered, one is to improve the performance parameters of the sensitive element. For example, the chemical composition of the piezoelectric ceramic is changed and impurities are added, so that the piezoelectric ceramic can obtain higher Curie point, more excellent piezoelectric performance and better temperature stability. From the earliest barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics, to lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics, to PVDF films and glass ceramics, among others. One is to optimize the structure of the hydrophone, namely to maximize the electromechanical conversion capability of the sensitive element by adjusting the size and the shape of the sensitive element and other structural members. For example, a curved disk structure is used to realize that the piezoelectric ceramic sheet obtains higher sound pressure sensitivity in a lower frequency band, or a composite rod structure is used to realize that the piezoelectric circular tube obtains higher sound pressure sensitivity in a higher frequency band.
At present, the hydrophone with the bending disc structure has wide application range for the low-frequency sound pressure hydrophone, and the sensitivity can reach-190 dB at most in order to consider both the hydrostatic pressure resistance and the application frequency range from the existing literature data, and can reach-185 dB if the hydrophone is matched with a sound reflecting baffle for use. On the basis, if higher sensitivity is needed, on the premise of not changing the types of the sensitive elements, the sizes of the ceramic elements and the structural members need to be increased, so that the hydrostatic pressure resistance of the hydrophone is reduced, the phenomenon that the hydrophone fails due to cracking of the ceramic elements easily occurs under high hydrostatic pressure, and the resonance frequency of the large-size bending disc structure is lower, so that the applicable frequency range of the hydrophone is narrowed.
In conclusion, how to break through the disadvantages of the existing low-frequency acoustic hydrophone in structural design fundamentally solves the above contradiction problems, and needs to break through the structural form of the hydrophone. The utility model discloses a design thought thinking is based on displacement amplification principle in the flextensional transducer for by the brilliant heap of foil and the pottery of specific shape, inside electromechanical transformation effect reaches the biggest when receiving the sound wave effect, has not seen the literature report in this aspect at present in hydrophone professional field.
The utility model discloses the inside major structure of hydrophone adopts the combination form of middle 1 brilliant heap of pottery and 2 metal sheets from top to bottom, and this kind of structural style has similar part with the inner structure of many cymbals formula hydrophones, but has obvious difference. Firstly, the hydrophone and Cymbal type hydrophone of the present invention have significantly different structural shapes, the hydrophone of the present invention has a rectangular shape, and the Cymbal sensor proposed in patent CN2676155Y in the zhao of the university of wuhan is a typical Cymbal type sensor, and its external shape structure is circular; secondly, the sensitive element inside the hydrophone of the present invention is a piezoceramic crystal stack, and the Cymbal type sensors in the existing literature reports all use a complete ceramic wafer with polarized thickness, for example, in PMNT monocrystal differential pressure vector hydrophone based on Cymbal structure, which is published by yilong in 2010 national theory of piezoelectricity and acoustic wave and device application seminar, two PMNT piezoelectric monocrystals polarized in the thickness direction are proposed to be added in the Cymbal type sensor to realize the vector characteristic of the hydrophone, although the d31 parameter of the piezoelectric material is greatly improved by using the PMNT material, so that the sensitivity is improved compared with that of the hydrophone made of 5 material, the hydrophone structure still cannot use the d33 parameter with the optimal performance of piezoceramics, and the ceramic crystal stack inside the hydrophone of the present invention consists of 8 polar ceramic strips and 2 nonpolar ceramic strips, when the hydrophone works, the polar ceramic strips can fully exert the d33 parameter, and 8 ceramic strips are in a parallel connection state on a circuit, so that the sensitivity is obviously higher than that of a Cymbal type sensor.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone which has high sensitivity within the range of 500Hz-10 KHz.
The purpose of the utility model is accomplished through following technical scheme: the high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone comprises a polyurethane material, a metal sheet, a ceramic crystal stack, a plastic baffle and a cable; a plurality of polar ceramic strips are arranged side by side, a metal electrode strip is arranged between the electrode surfaces of any two adjacent polar ceramic strips, the metal electrode strip is tightly attached to the electrode surface of the corresponding polar ceramic strip, so that the polar ceramic strips are connected in parallel, and the electrode surfaces at the outer sides of the polar ceramic strips at the head end and the tail end are tightly attached to the non-polar ceramic strips through the metal electrode strip respectively to form the ceramic crystal stack; respectively bonding a metal sheet on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic crystal stack, plugging the edges of the front side and the rear side of a combination body of the metal sheet and the ceramic crystal stack by plastic baffles, and pouring a polyurethane material outside for external sealing; the positive pole or the negative pole of each polar ceramic strip penetrates out of the plastic baffle after being electrically connected with the lead, and is led out of the polyurethane material by a cable for being connected with external equipment.
As a further technical scheme, the metal sheets are rectangular, and each metal sheet is arched towards the direction far away from the ceramic crystal stack to form an arch bridge-shaped structure.
As a further technical scheme, the edges of the left side and the right side of the metal sheet are flush with the edges of the left side and the right side of the ceramic crystal stack.
As a further technical scheme, the width of the non-polar ceramic strips is larger than that of the polar ceramic strips.
As a further technical scheme, the ceramic crystal stack works in a d33 mode of piezoelectric ceramics, and in a working state, the stretching direction and the polarization direction of the polar ceramic strips are the same; the polarization directions of the adjacent two polar ceramic strips are opposite.
A method for manufacturing a high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone comprises the following steps:
1) arranging a plurality of polar ceramic strips into a group in a parallel connection mode, placing a non-polar ceramic strip at each of two ends, placing a metal electrode strip between adjacent polar ceramic strips or between adjacent polar ceramic strips and non-polar ceramic strips, and tightly attaching to form a ceramic crystal stack;
2) welding the positive and negative electrodes of the polar ceramic strip together by using a lead;
3) adhering two metal sheets to the upper and lower surfaces of the ceramic crystal stack by using an adhesive to ensure that the edges of the metal sheets are aligned with the edges of the ceramic crystal stack;
4) plugging the edges of the front side and the rear side of the bonded metal sheet and the bonded ceramic crystal stack by using two plastic baffles, and ensuring that the lead passes through the plastic baffles;
5) and butting the lead with the cable, and filling the blocked metal sheet and the ceramic crystal stack by using a polyurethane material.
As a further technical solution, the adhesive is epoxy resin.
As a further technical scheme, in step 3), the resonant frequency of the hydrophone is changed by adjusting the size parameters of the metal sheets, so as to adjust the operating frequency band of the hydrophone.
The utility model has the advantages that: 1, the sensitivity is very high, and the low-frequency sensitivity can reach-185 dB; 2, the hydrostatic pressure resistance is strong, 3, the working frequency band is wide and is easy to adjust.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramic crystal stack.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the mounting of a ceramic crystal stack.
Fig. 4 shows the sensitivity simulation result of the high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the sensitivity test result of the high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: polyurethane material 1, metal sheet 2, ceramic crystal pile 3, non-polar ceramic strip 3a, polar ceramic strip 3b, metal electrode strip 3c, plastic baffle 4 and cable 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example (b): as shown in the attached figure 1, the high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone comprises a polyurethane material 1, a metal sheet 2, a ceramic crystal stack 3, a plastic baffle 4 and a cable 5; as shown in fig. 2, eight polar ceramic strips 3b are placed side by side, a metal electrode strip 3c is arranged between the electrode surfaces of any two adjacent polar ceramic strips 3b, the metal electrode strip 3c is tightly attached to the electrode surface of the corresponding polar ceramic strip 3b, so that the polar ceramic strips 3b are connected in parallel, the outer electrode surfaces of the polar ceramic strips 3b at the head and tail ends are tightly attached to the non-polar ceramic strip 3a through one metal electrode strip 3c respectively to form the ceramic crystal stack 3, and preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the width of the non-polar ceramic strip 3a is greater than that of the polar ceramic strips 3 b. As shown in fig. 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the ceramic crystal stack 3 are respectively bonded with a rectangular metal sheet 2, each metal sheet 2 is arched towards the direction far away from the ceramic crystal stack 3 to form an arch bridge-shaped structure, the edges of the left and right sides of the metal sheet 2 are flush with the edges of the left and right sides of the ceramic crystal stack 3, the edges of the front and rear sides of the assembly of the metal sheet 2 and the ceramic crystal stack 3 are sealed by plastic baffles 4, and a polyurethane material 1 is poured outside for external sealing; the positive pole or the negative pole of each polar ceramic strip 3b is electrically connected with the lead and then penetrates out of the plastic baffle 4, and is led out of the polyurethane material 1 by a cable 5 for connection of external equipment.
The ceramic crystal stack 3 works in a d33 mode of piezoelectric ceramics, and in a working state, the stretching direction and the polarization direction of the polar ceramic strip 3b are the same; the polarization directions of the adjacent two polar ceramic strips 3b are opposite.
A method for manufacturing a high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone comprises the following steps:
1) arranging eight polar ceramic strips 3b into a group in a parallel connection mode, respectively placing a non-polar ceramic strip 3a at the outer side of the electrode surface of the polar ceramic strips 3b at the head end and the tail end, placing a metal electrode strip 3c between the adjacent polar ceramic strips 3b or between the adjacent polar ceramic strips 3b and the non-polar ceramic strips 3a, and tightly attaching to form a ceramic crystal stack 3 (as shown in figure 2);
2) welding the positive and negative electrodes of the polar ceramic strip 3b together by using a lead;
3) adhering two metal sheets 2 to the upper and lower surfaces of the ceramic crystal stack 3 by using epoxy resin to ensure that the edges of the metal sheets 2 are aligned with the edges of the ceramic crystal stack 3; the resonance frequency of the prepared hydrophone is changed by adjusting the size parameters such as the thickness, the length, the width and the like of the metal sheet 2, so that the working frequency band of the prepared hydrophone is adjusted;
4) the edges of the front side and the rear side of the metal sheet 2 and the ceramic crystal stack 3 which are well bonded are plugged by two plastic baffles 4, and a lead is ensured to penetrate through the plastic baffles 4;
5) and (3) butting a lead with a cable 5, and pouring the blocked metal sheet 2 and the ceramic crystal stack 3 by using a polyurethane material 1.
The utility model discloses a theory of operation: the utility model discloses a design and realization according to the design of flextensional transmitting transducer. When the bending hydrophone is excited under the action of sound waves, two metal sheets outside the hydrophone contract and stretch along with the bending hydrophone, and when the frequency of incident sound waves is close to the first-order vibration mode of the hydrophone, the vibration amplitude of the two metal sheets is the maximum, so that the vibration displacement of a ceramic crystal pile inside the hydrophone in the horizontal direction is the maximum, and the sensitivity of the hydrophone is the maximum.
The utility model discloses compare innovation point with the low frequency hydrophone of using at present includes: first, the flextensional hydrophone has a high sensitivity, as shown in the simulation results of FIG. 4, the sensitivity of the flextensional hydrophone can reach-185 dB at 500 Hz. And secondly, the flextensional hydrophone has stronger hydrostatic pressure resistance. The reason has two points, firstly, the arch bridge shape of the sheet metal in the bending and stretching hydrophone has stronger hydrostatic pressure resistance, secondly, the sensitive element in the hydrophone can not directly receive the action of hydrostatic pressure, the arch bridge shape sheet metal in the hydrophone can lead to the ceramic crystal pile to generate the internal stress in the horizontal direction under the action of hydrostatic pressure, and the hydrophone can not be damaged to cause failure as long as the horizontal stress is not more than the bonding force between the piezoelectric ceramic strips. Finally, the working frequency band of the flextensional hydrophone is mainly determined by the structural size of the metal sheet and has little relation with the size of the piezoelectric ceramic element, so that on the premise of ensuring that the capacitance of the ceramic crystal stack is large enough and the capacitance of the hydrophone is not changed, the resonant frequency of the flextensional hydrophone can be changed by adjusting the size parameters such as the thickness, the length, the width and the like of the metal sheet, and the flextensional hydrophone can obtain any working frequency band.
It should be understood that equivalent substitutions or changes to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be considered to fall within the scope of the appended claims for the skilled person.
Claims (5)
1. A high-sensitivity flextensional hydrophone, characterized in that: comprises a polyurethane material (1), a metal sheet (2), a ceramic crystal stack (3), a plastic baffle (4) and a cable (5); a plurality of polar ceramic strips (3b) are arranged side by side, a metal electrode strip (3c) is arranged between the electrode surfaces of any two adjacent polar ceramic strips (3b), the metal electrode strip (3c) is tightly attached to the electrode surfaces of the corresponding polar ceramic strips (3b), so that the polar ceramic strips (3b) are connected in parallel, and the outer electrode surfaces of the polar ceramic strips (3b) at the head end and the tail end are tightly attached to the non-polar ceramic strips (3a) through the metal electrode strips (3c) respectively to form the ceramic crystal stack (3); respectively bonding a metal sheet (2) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ceramic crystal stack (3), plugging the edges of the front side and the rear side of a combination body of the metal sheet (2) and the ceramic crystal stack (3) through plastic baffles (4), and externally sealing by pouring a polyurethane material (1); the positive pole or the negative pole of each polar ceramic strip (3b) is electrically connected with the lead and then penetrates out of the plastic baffle (4), and is led out of the polyurethane material (1) by a cable (5) for connection of external equipment.
2. The high sensitivity flextensional hydrophone of claim 1, wherein: the metal sheets (2) are rectangular, and each metal sheet (2) is arched towards the direction far away from the ceramic crystal stack (3) to form an arch bridge-shaped structure.
3. The high sensitivity flextensional hydrophone of claim 1, wherein: the edges of the left side and the right side of the metal sheet (2) are flush with the edges of the left side and the right side of the ceramic crystal stack (3).
4. The high sensitivity flextensional hydrophone of claim 1, wherein: the width of the non-polar ceramic strips (3a) is greater than that of the polar ceramic strips (3 b).
5. The high sensitivity flextensional hydrophone of claim 1, wherein: the ceramic crystal stack (3) works on the piezoelectric ceramic d33In the working state, the stretching direction and the polarization direction of the polar ceramic strips (3b) are the same; the polarization directions of the adjacent two polar ceramic strips (3b) are opposite.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022656981.9U CN214096345U (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | High-sensitivity bending hydrophone |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022656981.9U CN214096345U (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | High-sensitivity bending hydrophone |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN214096345U true CN214096345U (en) | 2021-08-31 |
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| CN202022656981.9U Active CN214096345U (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | High-sensitivity bending hydrophone |
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| CN (1) | CN214096345U (en) |
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