CN213423775U - Solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system - Google Patents

Solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system Download PDF

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CN213423775U
CN213423775U CN202022570343.5U CN202022570343U CN213423775U CN 213423775 U CN213423775 U CN 213423775U CN 202022570343 U CN202022570343 U CN 202022570343U CN 213423775 U CN213423775 U CN 213423775U
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module
power generation
photovoltaic power
automatic tracking
tracking system
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尹梓滔
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system, including control module, be used for detecting the switch module that targets in place of photovoltaic board east, west position, be used for detecting the current detection module of photovoltaic board electricity generation current, be used for detecting the voltage detection module of photovoltaic board electricity generation voltage, be used for adjusting the position adjustment module in photovoltaic board position, be used for adjusting the pitch angle adjustment module of photovoltaic board pitch angle and be used for locking the locking module of photovoltaic board position and pitch angle. The utility model discloses a solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system, the generating current through current detection module detection photovoltaic board, the generating voltage that voltage detection module detected the photovoltaic board and calculate real-time generating efficiency, and then carry out comparison with real-time generating efficiency and maximum generating efficiency, accurately seek the position and the angle of pitch of finding the maximum efficiency of photovoltaic power generation board fast, realize the function of automatic tracking sun, ensure photovoltaic power generation's maximum utilization ratio.

Description

Solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of solar energy power generation, concretely relates to solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system.
Background
With the development of society, people have higher and higher desire for energy, but fossil energy is gradually exhausted, the global environment is gradually worsened, people have increasingly improved development and utilization of clean and renewable energy, for example, solar power generation amount is continuously increased at a speed of about 20% every year, so that the research on improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency is significant to people.
However, the existing photovoltaic power generation system is mostly installed in a fixed mode, the sunlight cannot be perpendicular to the photovoltaic power generation panel in most of time, and the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is greatly reduced. There are also systems that use various sensors to assist in tracking the sun, but such systems have poor stability, are easily interfered by external leaves and sundries, are relatively complex, increase the construction cost, and have high maintenance cost.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system accurately seeks the position and the angle of pitch of finding the photovoltaic power generation board maximum efficiency fast, realizes the function of automatic tracking sun, ensures photovoltaic power generation's maximum utilization ratio.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:
the utility model provides a solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system, includes control module, is used for detecting the switch module that targets in place that photovoltaic board east, western position target in place, is used for detecting the current detection module of photovoltaic board electricity generation current, is used for detecting the voltage detection module of photovoltaic board electricity generation voltage, is used for adjusting the position adjustment module of photovoltaic board position, is used for adjusting the angle of pitch adjustment module of photovoltaic board angle of pitch and is used for locking the locking module of photovoltaic board position and angle of pitch, control module is used for according to the data control position adjustment module, angle of pitch adjustment module and the locking module that switch module, current detection module, voltage detection module gathered that target in place.
Preferably, the wind speed and direction detection module is used for detecting the ambient wind speed and the wind direction of the photovoltaic panel and is electrically connected with the control module.
Preferably, the photovoltaic panel real-time current data, voltage data, azimuth data and pitch angle data are sent to the remote mobile terminal, and a remote mobile terminal control instruction is received by the internet of things module, and the internet of things module is electrically connected with the control module.
Preferably, the azimuth adjustment module comprises an azimuth servo motor, and the azimuth servo motor is electrically connected with the control module.
Preferably, the pitch angle adjusting module comprises a pitch angle servo motor, and the pitch angle servo motor is electrically connected with the control module.
Preferably, the locking module comprises a locking motor electrically connected to the control module.
Preferably, a clock unit for providing a running time step is provided in the control module.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system detects the generating current of photovoltaic board, the generating voltage that voltage detection module detected the photovoltaic board through the current detection module and calculates real-time generating efficiency, and then compares real-time generating efficiency and maximum generating efficiency, accurately seeks the position and the angle of pitch of the maximum efficiency of photovoltaic power generation board fast, realizes the function of automatic tracking sun, ensures photovoltaic power generation's maximum utilization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a system power supply circuit diagram of an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a control module of an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an azimuth servo motor and a pitch servo motor of an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an in-place switch module of the automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of detecting photovoltaic power generation efficiency of an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a locking module of an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a wind speed and direction detection module and a circuit diagram of an internet of things module of an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a specific flowchart of a control method of an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
The system comprises a control module 1, a position switch module 2, a current detection module 3, a voltage detection module 4, an azimuth adjustment module 5, an azimuth servo motor 51, a pitch angle adjustment module 6, a pitch angle servo motor 61, a locking module 7, a locking motor 71, a wind speed and direction detection module 8, an internet of things module 9 and a clock unit 11.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the utility model provides a solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system, as shown in fig. 1-8, including control module 1, be used for detecting the photovoltaic board east, the switch module 2 that targets in place that the western position targets in place, be used for detecting the current detection module 3 of photovoltaic board electricity generation current, be used for detecting the voltage detection module 4 of photovoltaic board electricity generation voltage, be used for adjusting the position adjustment module 5 in photovoltaic board position, be used for adjusting the pitch angle adjustment module 6 of photovoltaic board pitch angle and be used for locking the locking module 7 of photovoltaic board position and pitch angle, control module 1 is used for according to the data control position adjustment module 5, pitch angle adjustment module 6 and the locking module 7 that switch module 2, current detection module 3, voltage detection module 4 gathered that targets in place.
Like this, through the switch module 2 that targets in place detect the photovoltaic board east, the west position targets in place, detect the generating current of photovoltaic board through current detection module 3, voltage detection module 4 detects the generating voltage of photovoltaic board and calculates real-time generating efficiency, and then compare real-time generating efficiency and maximum generating efficiency, accurately seek the position and the angle of pitch of photovoltaic power generation board maximum efficiency fast, adjust the best position of photovoltaic board through position adjustment module 5, adjust the best angle of pitch of photovoltaic board through angle of pitch adjustment module 6, lock photovoltaic board position and angle of pitch through locking module 7 at last, thereby realize the function of automatic tracking sun, ensure photovoltaic power generation's maximum utilization ratio.
The photovoltaic solar.
Like this, detect photovoltaic board environment wind speed and wind direction through wind speed wind direction detection module 8 to can adjust the angle of pitch of photovoltaic board according to photovoltaic board environment wind speed and wind direction, for example, when the wind speed value reaches the setting value, and the wind direction is the upwind state, the system withdraws the angle of pitch adjustment, reduces the windage, if when the wind speed value reaches the setting value, but the side wind direction, the windage is few, influence is little to the structural support, can not adjust the angle of pitch, but when the wind speed reaches the warning, the system withdraws the angle of pitch adjustment.
The photovoltaic panel real-time current data, voltage data, azimuth data and pitch angle data are sent to the remote mobile terminal, the internet of things module 9 is used for receiving a control instruction of the remote mobile terminal, and the internet of things module 9 is electrically connected with the control module 1.
Like this, through thing networking module 9 with photovoltaic board real-time current data, voltage data, azimuth data, pitch angle data send to remote mobile terminal and receive remote mobile terminal control instruction, remote control photovoltaic power generation system, adjustment azimuth position, pitch angle or relevant data make the system operation be fit for the operational environment at that time more, simultaneously, mobile terminal can also revise solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system clock, make the system clock more accurate.
The azimuth adjustment module 5 comprises an azimuth servo motor 51, and the azimuth servo motor 51 is electrically connected with the control module 1.
In this way, the specific orientation of the photovoltaic panel is specifically adjusted by the azimuth servo motor 51 to adapt to obtain the maximum power generation efficiency.
The pitch angle adjusting module 6 comprises a pitch angle servo motor 61, and the pitch angle servo motor 61 is electrically connected with the control module 1.
In this way, the pitch angle of the photovoltaic power generation panel is adjusted by the pitch angle servo motor 61 to adapt to obtain the maximum power generation efficiency.
The locking module 7 comprises a locking motor 71, and the locking motor 71 is electrically connected with the control module 1.
In this way, the azimuth determined by the azimuth servo motor 51 and the pitch determined by the pitch servo motor 61 are locked by the locking motor 71, so that the photovoltaic panel can be stabilized at the optimal azimuth and pitch, and the maximum utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation is ensured.
A clock unit 11 for providing an operating time step is provided in the control module 1.
In this way, the running time step provided by the clock unit 11 provides a precise time step for the running of the whole system.
The utility model discloses a solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system, the generating current through current detection module detection photovoltaic board, the generating voltage that voltage detection module detected the photovoltaic board and calculate real-time generating efficiency, and then carry out comparison with real-time generating efficiency and maximum generating efficiency, accurately seek the position and the angle of pitch of finding the maximum efficiency of photovoltaic power generation board fast, realize the function of automatic tracking sun, ensure photovoltaic power generation's maximum utilization ratio.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 9, embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a control method for an automatic tracking system for solar photovoltaic power generation, including the following steps:
s1, the control module records time step points in real time, when the time step points reach first preset time, the in-place switch module judges whether the photovoltaic panel is at an east initial position, if not, the orientation adjusting module adjusts the photovoltaic panel to the east initial position and carries out the next step, and if so, the next step is directly carried out;
s2, judging whether the time step point reaches the next preset time, if not, not processing, if so, acquiring the real-time generating current of the photovoltaic panel through the current detection module, acquiring the real-time generating voltage of the photovoltaic panel through the voltage detection module, and sending the real-time generating current and the real-time generating voltage to the control module to calculate the real-time generating efficiency;
s3, judging whether the real-time power generation efficiency reaches a threshold range of preset real-time power generation efficiency, if so, carrying out the next step, if not, judging whether the real-time power generation efficiencies of at least three continuous time steps do not reach the threshold range of the preset real-time power generation efficiency, if so, adjusting the azimuth adjusting module and the pitch angle adjusting module to the azimuth and the pitch angle at the previous noon, locking the azimuth and the pitch angle by the locking module, and returning to S2, otherwise, directly returning to S2;
s4, controlling the azimuth adjusting module to adjust the azimuth according to the last stored azimuth data and controlling the pitch angle adjusting module to adjust the pitch angle according to the last stored pitch angle data, automatically searching the azimuth and pitch angle with the maximum power generation efficiency within a preset range, locking the photovoltaic panel through the locking module after the azimuth and pitch angle with the maximum power generation efficiency are found, and storing the azimuth and pitch angle with the maximum power generation efficiency;
and S5, judging whether the time step point reaches a second preset time, if not, returning to S2, if so, judging whether the photovoltaic panel is at a western ending position through the in-place switch module, if not, adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the western initial position through the orientation adjusting module, then adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the eastern initial position and returning to S1, and if so, directly adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the eastern initial position through the orientation adjusting module and returning to S1.
Therefore, the system selects the STM32F103 series single chip microcomputer as a main control chip, and the chip has an accurate clock function and provides a reliable running time step point for the system. Detecting an east-oriented switch detection signal when the photovoltaic power generation panel is at an east initial position every morning, and calculating power generation efficiency according to a power curve relation of the photovoltaic power generation panel when a time step point reaches a set value;
when the photovoltaic power generation efficiency reaches 80% of a set value or a stored value, automatically searching the maximum efficiency azimuth position and the maximum efficiency pitch angle within a preset range according to the last stored data of the optimum azimuth position and the pitch angle, determining the azimuth position and the pitch angle, and storing the optimum azimuth position and the pitch angle. The system continuously detects the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation panel, records the maximum value, the minimum value and the average value of the power generation efficiency, collects the recorded data for multiple times, avoids the occurrence of interference, and finally stores the azimuth position and the pitch angle when the power generation efficiency is at the maximum value as reference basis for adjustment in the next day. And by analogy, the azimuth position and the pitch angle are adjusted according to the set time step point, the sun is tracked along the running track of the sun at all times, a closed-loop callback system is formed, automatic tracking is realized, the solar panel is ensured to be always in the vertical pitch angle with the sunlight, and the maximum power generation efficiency is ensured. When the time is limited to the afternoon, or the west-position switch is triggered, the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation panel is reduced to be lower than a set value, the photovoltaic power generation panel is adjusted to the east initial position through the direction adjusting module, and the new start of the tomorrow is waited.
Meanwhile, because the output voltage-current of the photovoltaic panel is not in a linear relation, the current maximum output power can be ensured by modulating the output load power through PWM. The voltage output by the photovoltaic panel is gradually increased by taking the voltage of the storage battery as a reference point, so that the output power of the photovoltaic panel is increased from small to large, the current is reduced by increasing the output voltage after the maximum output power point is reached, the last PWM value is determined as the maximum output power point, the voltage when the maximum power output by the photovoltaic panel is recorded, and the working state is kept under the output voltage. When the new azimuth angle or the new pitch angle is adjusted and the voltage variation exceeds a set value, the output power control is executed again, the photovoltaic power generation panel is ensured to always output a high-efficiency state under the current illumination intensity, and the judgment of the optimal azimuth angle and the pitch angle is prevented from being influenced by the variation of the load.
When the power generation efficiency value is suddenly reduced, the sun is probably shielded by cloud layers or is in an abnormal state, the efficiency value cannot be stored and cannot be used as a reference, the power generation efficiency value is adjusted according to the time step point, the last optimal azimuth position and the last optimal pitch angle are directly adopted, and the optimal value cannot be found. If the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel detected at 4 continuous time steps cannot meet the set proportion of the last stored value, the situation is determined to be cloudy, the solar photovoltaic panel is placed at the position of 12 noon by the system, the azimuth and the pitch angle are not adjusted any more until the afternoon time limit value, and then the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the east initial position through the rotating mechanism. During the period, if sunlight occurs, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is recovered to a set value, and the system enters a normal adjustment mode again.
The S4, further comprising:
detecting the ambient wind speed and the wind direction of the photovoltaic panel through a wind speed and wind direction detection module, judging whether the wind speed reaches a preset wind speed, if not, not processing, if so, judging whether the wind direction is in an upwind state, if not, not processing, and if so, controlling a pitch angle adjustment module to retract through a control module; and then, judging whether the wind speed reaches the alarm wind speed, if not, not processing, and if so, controlling the pitch angle adjusting module to retract by the control module.
Therefore, the system can continuously receive data of the wind speed and wind direction detection module, if the wind speed value reaches a set value and the wind direction is in an upwind state, the pitch angle is adjusted and withdrawn by the system, wind resistance is reduced, if the wind speed value reaches the set value, the wind resistance is little, the influence on the structural support is small, the pitch angle can not be adjusted, and if the wind speed value reaches an alarm, the pitch angle is adjusted and withdrawn by the system.
The S4, further comprising:
real-time current data, voltage data, azimuth data and pitch angle data of the photovoltaic panel are sent to the remote mobile terminal through the Internet of things module, and meanwhile, a control instruction of the remote mobile terminal is received to remotely control the azimuth adjusting module, the pitch angle adjusting module and the locking module.
Like this, be equipped with thing networking module in the system, the system can send real-time photovoltaic power generation efficiency relevant data, direction position and angle numerical value to mobile monitoring terminal, can the remote manual monitoring power generation module operation conditions. The mobile terminal can adjust the azimuth position, the pitch angle or related data through the internet of things module and the remote control photovoltaic power generation system, so that the system runs in a more appropriate running environment at that time, and the mobile terminal can correct the clock of the solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system, so that the clock of the system is more accurate.
The utility model discloses a control method of solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system, the generating current through current detection module detection photovoltaic board, the generating voltage of voltage detection module detection photovoltaic board calculates real-time power generation efficiency, and then compare real-time power generation efficiency and maximum power generation efficiency, independently adjust the optimal range value, the position and the angle of pitch of the maximum efficiency of photovoltaic power generation board are accurately sought fast, reduce mechanism adjustment number of times and stroke, reduce the adjustment loss, operating duration is longer, the adjustment is more accurate, keep the best power generation efficiency, reduce the use of sensor, the cost is saved, damage risk is reduced, the maintenance cost is reduced, realize the benefit maximize, realize the function of automatic tracking sun, ensure photovoltaic power generation's maximum utilization ratio.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system, its characterized in that, including control module (1), be used for detecting the photovoltaic board east, the switch module (2) that targets in place of western position, be used for detecting current detection module (3) of photovoltaic board electricity generation current, be used for detecting voltage detection module (4) of photovoltaic board electricity generation voltage, be used for adjusting azimuth adjustment module (5) of photovoltaic board position, be used for adjusting the angle of pitch adjustment module (6) of photovoltaic board pitch and be used for locking photovoltaic board position and angle of pitch locking module (7), control module (1) is used for controlling azimuth adjustment module (5), angle of pitch adjustment module (6) and locking module (7) according to the data control azimuth adjustment module (5) that targets in place switch module (2), current detection module (3), voltage detection module (4) were gathered.
2. The solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system according to claim 1, further comprising a wind speed and direction detection module (8) for detecting the wind speed and direction of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located, wherein the wind speed and direction detection module (8) is electrically connected with the control module (1).
3. The solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising an internet of things module (9) for transmitting real-time current data, voltage data, azimuth data and pitch angle data of the photovoltaic panel to the remote mobile terminal and receiving a control instruction of the remote mobile terminal, wherein the internet of things module (9) is electrically connected with the control module (1).
4. The solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the orientation adjustment module (5) comprises an azimuth servo motor (51), and the azimuth servo motor (51) is electrically connected with the control module (1).
5. The solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the pitch angle adjustment module (6) comprises a pitch angle servo motor (61), and the pitch angle servo motor (61) is electrically connected with the control module (1).
6. The solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the locking module (7) comprises a locking motor (71), and the locking motor (71) is electrically connected with the control module (1).
7. The solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that a clock unit (11) for providing an operation time step point is arranged in the control module (1).
CN202022570343.5U 2020-11-09 2020-11-09 Solar photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system Active CN213423775U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113922743A (en) * 2021-09-17 2022-01-11 广西英利源盛建设工程有限公司 Photovoltaic support automatic regulating system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113922743A (en) * 2021-09-17 2022-01-11 广西英利源盛建设工程有限公司 Photovoltaic support automatic regulating system
CN113922743B (en) * 2021-09-17 2023-08-25 广西英利源盛建设工程有限公司 Photovoltaic support automatic regulating system

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