CN112286232A - Tracking angle optimization method of flat single-axis tracking system and tracking support thereof - Google Patents
Tracking angle optimization method of flat single-axis tracking system and tracking support thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a tracking angle optimization method of a flat single-axis tracking system and a tracking support thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intelligent tracking system of a solar cell mounting bracket, in particular to a tracking angle optimization method of a flat single-axis tracking system and a tracking bracket thereof, belonging to the technical field of solar cell mounting.
Background
In the installation of the photovoltaic power station, two forms of fixed support installation and tracking support installation are provided, wherein the flat single-shaft tracking support system has higher investment value due to high power generation amount, relatively low cost, relatively small occupied area and economic analysis of comprehensive cost and generated energy. Meanwhile, due to the rapid development of the double-sided photovoltaic module technology, double-sided photovoltaic module products are rapidly applied and gradually expanded in the market, the double-sided photovoltaic power generation module and the single-axis tracking support are combined for use, the superposition effect that 1+1 is larger than 2 is achieved, and the market acceptance and application are rapidly increased. And the accounting of the tracking support system is an algorithm for controlling the tracking angle, so that the development of related products and the optimization of the tracking angle algorithm have practical research significance and wide application prospect.
At present, the main tracking algorithm of the photovoltaic tracking system still performs the sun-of-sight tracking at the angle calculated by the traditional astronomical algorithm. And the view sun tracking is to calculate the solar altitude and the solar azimuth according to the geographic information and time so as to obtain the projection of the solar ray on a plane perpendicular to the axial direction, thereby obtaining the tracking angle. Experiments and researches find that different weather conditions such as cloudy, direct light under clear, heat radiation light and earth surface reflectivity have great difference influence on the generating capacity of the photovoltaic tracking system, especially the influence on a double-sided assembly capable of generating power on the back is greater, and in practical application, because the weather of different areas has obvious difference, the traditional single astronomical algorithm cannot better meet the application requirement, and the generating capacity of the photovoltaic tracking system under the complex weather condition also has an optimized promotion space.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, provides a tracking angle optimization method of a flat single-axis tracking system and a tracking support thereof, optimizes the tracking strategy of the conventional tracking support, optimizes the tracking angle of the support, and finally improves the system power generation amount of the photovoltaic tracking system and increases the system benefit.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tracking angle optimization method of a flat single-axis tracking system comprises a plurality of rows of tracking supports, wherein a first installation plane for installing a photovoltaic module is formed on each tracking support, the photovoltaic module is installed on the first installation plane, an initial tracking angle A0 of each tracking support is obtained through calculation of an astronomical algorithm, and a final tracking angle A0n executed at the next moment after the tracking supports are optimized is obtained through calculation of the following steps:
s1, arranging K test mounting planes with different angles at the end part or the middle part of the tracking bracket, and mounting a small cell piece assembly and/or an irradiation meter on the test mounting planes;
s2, collecting the current values and/or irradiation values of the small cell assemblies and/or the irradiation meters in real time to obtain K current values and/or irradiation values at the same moment, and taking the mounting angle A1' of the test mounting plane where the small cell assembly and/or the irradiation meter with the maximum current value Imax and/or the irradiation value Emax is located;
s3, setting a judgment reference value X, wherein X is more than 0; setting an angle deviation reference value theta, wherein theta is larger than 0; the tracking angle of the tracking support obtained by calculation through an astronomical algorithm is A1; calculating to obtain a final execution tracking angle A01 at the next moment after the tracking support is optimized according to a set tracking angle optimizing strategy;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3, sequentially calculating to obtain tracking angles A02, A03 and A0n which are finally executed at the next moment after the tracking support is optimized.
Further, the tracking angle optimization strategy is as follows:
when A1 is more than A0 and A1' is more than A0:
if a1' -a1 > X, the next moment finally performs tracking at an angle a01 ═ Max (a0+ θ, a 1);
if 0 < A1' -A1 < X, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if-X is less than A1' -A1 is less than 0, the final tracking angle executed next moment is A01-A1;
if a1 '-a 1 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed next moment is a01 ═ Max (a0+ θ, a 1');
② when A1 is more than A0, A1' < A0:
if-X is less than A1' -A0 is less than 0, the final tracking angle in the next moment is A01-A0 without adjustment;
if A1' -A0 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01-A0-theta;
(iii) when A1 < A0, A1' ≧ A0:
if 0 is more than A1' -A0 is more than X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01 to A0, and no adjustment is made;
if A1' -A0 > X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01-A0 + theta;
when A1 < A0 and A1' < A0:
if a1' -a1 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed next moment is a01 ═ Min (a0- θ, a 1);
if-X is less than A1' -A1 is less than 0, the final tracking angle executed next moment is A01-A1;
if 0 < A1' -A1 < X, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if a1 '-a 1 > X, the next moment finally performs tracking at an angle a01 ═ Max (a0- θ, a 1').
Furthermore, the angle difference value delta between the installation angle of the K test installation planes with different angles arranged on the tracking support and the first installation plane is fixed and can rotate along with the tracking support; the difference delta of the installation angles of the two adjacent test installation planes is also fixed.
Further, the value of delta is 2-5 degrees.
Further, the value of the judgment reference value X is 2-8 degrees.
Further, the value of the angle deviation reference value theta is 2-8 degrees.
In another aspect of the present invention, a tracking bracket of a flat single-axis tracking system is further provided, wherein a first mounting plane for mounting a photovoltaic module is formed on the tracking bracket, K test mounting planes with different angles are arranged at the end or the middle part of the tracking bracket, and a small cell module and/or an irradiation meter are mounted on the test mounting planes.
Furthermore, the angle difference value delta between the installation angle of the K test installation planes with different angles arranged on the tracking support and the first installation plane is fixed and can rotate along with the tracking support; the difference delta of the installation angles of the two adjacent test installation planes is also fixed.
Further, the value of delta is 2-5 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
on the basis of a traditional astronomical algorithm, test installation planes with different installation angles are arranged in a driven tracking support, and small monitoring assemblies or/and irradiation meters are installed on the test installation planes to obtain current information or irradiation information of photovoltaic assemblies at different installation angles at the same moment, and further, a tracking angle is finally executed at the next moment after the tracking support is optimized through a set tracking angle optimizing strategy, so that the system power generation amount of the photovoltaic tracking system is finally improved, and the system benefit is increased.
The tracking angle optimization method only needs to add some small-sized test components, irradiation meters or simple irradiation meters in the original tracking support system, can be suitable for various existing tracking support systems, obtains the optimal system power generation amount on the premise of not increasing the cost greatly, and has wide application range and wide application prospect.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the angle of different installation surfaces of the tracking support system and the change of the tracking process from east to west in the invention;
FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate an example of tracking the tracking angle of the tracking stand in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is yet another example of tracking the tracking angle of the support in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is yet another example of tracking the tracking angle of the support in the present invention;
FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate yet another example of tracking the tracking angle of the stand in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a process for determining an optimal tracking angle using a comparison of component current values at different angles in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the process of determining the optimal tracking angle using irradiation comparisons at different angles in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The tracking angle optimization method is applicable to a flat single-axis tracking system, the flat single-axis tracking system is in the prior art, and generally comprises a plurality of rows of flat single-axis tracking supports, a first installation plane for installing photovoltaic modules is formed on each tracking support, the photovoltaic modules are installed on the first installation plane, and the tracking angles of the tracking supports determine the installation angles of the photovoltaic modules on the first installation plane; in this application, the tracking angle of the tracking bracket, the angle of the first mounting plane, and the mounting angle of the photovoltaic module on the first mounting plane will be used under the same concept.
Firstly, optimally designing a tracking support system in a photovoltaic power station, and designing K test installation planes with different angles at the end part or the middle part of a single-row tracking support which can be provided with a long string of photovoltaic modules, wherein K is an integer greater than 2; these test mounting planes will follow the main rotation axis of the tracking carriage and will be maintained at a fixed differential angle from the main shaft mounting surface, i.e. the first mounting plane, as shown in fig. 1. And respectively mounting small-sized battery piece assemblies or irradiation meters on the test mounting planes at different angles, and monitoring the currents or the irradiation of the small assemblies on the test mounting planes at different angles in real time, so as to obtain the optimal angle by comparison. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the tracking angle of the tracking support system is set to gradually rotate towards the west along with the sun from the east direction, the tracking angle of the tracking support is defined to rotate from the east limit position to 60 degrees towards the west limit position to +60 degrees, and the tracking angle is 0 degree in a flat state. And obtaining the tracking angle of the tracking support at the next moment according to the following tracking angle optimizing strategy, namely finally executing the tracking angle A0n at the next moment after the optimization of the tracking support.
First, some letter codes are set as follows:
a0 is the tracking angle of the current moment, A01 is the final tracking angle of the next moment, and the final tracking angles of the next moment are A02 and A03 … A0n in sequence;
a1' is the optimum angle at the current moment selected by irradiation real-time monitoring under the current angle A0 and other different positive offset and negative offset angles (A0+ delta, A0+2 delta … …, A0-delta, A0-2 delta, … …), and can be used as one of the choices of the tracking angles at the next moment;
a1 is a tracking angle calculated by the next-moment astronomical algorithm, and then, the tracking angles are A2, A3 … An and An are sequentially the tracking angle range of-60 degrees;
x is a judgment reference value and is a certain positive angle value, and can be 3 degrees, 5 degrees, 8 degrees … degrees and the like according to requirements;
theta is an angle deviation reference value and is a certain positive angle value, and can be 3 degrees, 5 degrees, 8 degrees … degrees and the like according to requirements;
in the tracking process of the tracking system, the tracking angle is optimized according to the following agreed strategy, and the A0 angle is obtained according to an astronomical algorithm when the tracking is started for the first time:
(one), when A1 is more than A0 and A1' is more than A0, namely the two states shown in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b, at this time:
if a1' -a1 > X, the next moment finally performs tracking at an angle a01 ═ Max (a0+ θ, a 1);
if 0 < A1' -A1 < X, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if-X is less than A1' -A1 is less than 0, the final tracking angle executed next moment is A01-A1;
if A1 '-A1 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01 ═ Max (A0+ theta, A1')
(II) when A1 > A0 and A1' < A0, i.e. the state shown in FIG. 3, at this time:
if-X is less than A1' -A0 is less than 0, the final tracking angle in the next moment is A01-A0 without adjustment;
if A1' -A0 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01-A0-theta;
(III) when A1 < A0 and A1' is ≧ A0, which is the state shown in FIG. 4, at which:
if 0 is more than A1' -A0 is more than X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01 to A0, and no adjustment is made;
if A1' -A0 > X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01-A0 + theta;
(IV) when A1 < A0, A1' < A0, i.e. the state shown in FIGS. 5a, 5b, at which:
if a1' -a1 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed next moment is a01 ═ Min (a0- θ, a 1);
if-X is less than A1' -A1 is less than 0, the final tracking angle executed next moment is A01-A1;
if 0 < A1' -A1 < X, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if a1 '-a 1 > X, the next moment finally performs tracking at an angle a01 ═ Max (a0- θ, a 1').
And finally determining the tracking angle A01 by the convention, determining the angle tracked by the tracking system after the tracking system tracks the angle, wherein the current angle A0 is A01, and optimizing the tracking angle of the next moment according to the program and the convention.
For further details of the present invention, the following will be described in further detail:
example 1:
in the embodiment, the optimal angle is compared and selected by using the current of the monitoring component, and the optimal angle is detected by using a current detection device or an IV test device.
In this embodiment, if Δ is 3 ° and X and θ are both 5, then as shown in fig. 6, the following steps are taken for the tracking angle optimization measurement of the tracking bracket:
when the tracking bracket is started for the first time, A0 is an initial tracking angle of the tracking bracket determined by an astronomical algorithm, 5 test mounting planes with different angles are arranged at the end part or the middle part of the tracking bracket, the angles of the test mounting planes are respectively A0, A0+3 degrees, A0+6 degrees, A0-3 degrees and A0-6 degrees, and small battery piece assemblies are mounted on the 5 test mounting planes with different angles; and monitoring the current information of the small cell assemblies on the 5 test mounting planes in real time.
The final tracking angle A01 of the next moment after the optimization of the tracking support is obtained by the following steps:
comparing the current of the small cell assemblies on the test mounting planes at different angles, selecting the test mounting plane where the small cell assembly with the largest current value is located, wherein the angle of the test mounting plane is one of the optimal angles A1', and further judging by combining the calculation angle A1 of the astronomical algorithm at the next moment:
in the first case, when A1 > A0, A1' ≧ A0:
if a1' -a1 > 5, the tracking angle finally executed next moment is a01 ═ Max (a0+5, a 1);
if 0 < A1' -A1 < 5, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if-5 < A1' -A1 < 0, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if A1 '-A1 < -5, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01 ═ Max (A0+5, A1')
Second, when A1 > A0, A1' < A0:
if-5 is more than A1' -A0 is less than 0, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01 to A0 without adjustment;
if A1' -A0 < -5, the tracking angle of the final execution of the next moment is A01-A0-5;
in the third case, when A1 < A0, A1' ≧ A0:
if 0 is more than A1' -A0 is less than 5, the tracking angle A01 is equal to A0 in the next moment, and no adjustment is made;
if A1' -A0 > 5, the tracking angle of the final execution of the next moment is A01-A0 + 5;
fourth case, when A1 < A0, A1' < A0:
if a1' -a1 < -5, the tracking angle finally executed next moment is a01 ═ Min (a0-5, a 1);
if-5 < A1' -A1 < 0, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if 0 < A1' -A1 < 5, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if a1 '-a 1 > 5, the tracking angle finally performed next moment is a01 ═ Max (a0-5, a 1').
The determination of the tracking angle A01 is finally executed in the next moment by the convention, after the tracking system tracks the angle after the determination, the current angle A0 is A01, so that other angle planes become new angle values A0+3 degrees, A0+6 degrees, A0-3 degrees and A0-6 degrees, and the tracking angle in the next moment is optimized according to the program and the convention cycle.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the embodiment utilizes the irradiance of the monitoring assembly to compare and select the optimal angle, and can be realized by an irradiation meter or a simple irradiation meter. The irradiation value information on K test installation planes is monitored in real time, the irradiation values of the test installation planes at different angles are compared, the test installation plane with the largest irradiation value is selected, the angle of the test installation plane is one of the optimal angles A1', and finally the tracking angle A01, A02 and A03.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A tracking angle optimization method of a flat single-axis tracking system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the flat single-axis tracking system comprises a plurality of rows of tracking supports, a first installation plane for installing the photovoltaic modules is formed on each tracking support, the photovoltaic modules are installed on the first installation plane, the initial tracking angle A0 of each tracking support is obtained through calculation of an astronomical algorithm, and the tracking angle A0n which is finally executed at the next moment after the tracking supports are optimized is obtained through calculation of the following steps:
s1, arranging K test mounting planes with different angles at the end part or the middle part of the tracking bracket, and mounting a small cell assembly and/or an irradiation meter on the test mounting planes;
s2, collecting the current values and/or irradiation values of the small cell assemblies and/or the irradiation meters in real time to obtain K current values and/or irradiation values at the same moment, and taking the mounting angle A1' of the test mounting plane where the small cell assembly and/or the irradiation meter with the maximum current value Imax and/or the irradiation value Emax is located;
s3, setting a judgment reference value X, wherein X is more than 0; setting an angle deviation reference value theta, wherein theta is larger than 0; the tracking angle of the tracking support obtained by calculation through an astronomical algorithm is A1; calculating to obtain a final execution tracking angle A01 at the next moment after the tracking support is optimized according to a set tracking angle optimizing strategy;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3, sequentially calculating to obtain tracking angles A02, A03 and A0n which are finally executed at the next moment after the tracking support is optimized.
2. The tracking angle optimization method of the flat single-axis tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the tracking angle optimization strategy is:
when A1 is more than A0 and A1' is more than A0:
if a1' -a1 > X, the next moment finally performs tracking at an angle a01 ═ Max (a0+ θ, a 1);
if 0 < A1' -A1 < X, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if-X is less than A1' -A1 is less than 0, the final tracking angle executed next moment is A01-A1;
if a1 '-a 1 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed next moment is a01 ═ Max (a0+ θ, a 1');
② when A1 is more than A0, A1' < A0:
if-X is less than A1' -A0 is less than 0, the final tracking angle in the next moment is A01-A0 without adjustment;
if A1' -A0 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01-A0-theta;
(iii) when A1 < A0, A1' ≧ A0:
if 0 is more than A1' -A0 is more than X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01 to A0, and no adjustment is made;
if A1' -A0 > X, the tracking angle finally executed in the next moment is A01-A0 + theta;
when A1 < A0 and A1' < A0:
if a1' -a1 < -X, the tracking angle finally executed next moment is a01 ═ Min (a0- θ, a 1);
if-X is less than A1' -A1 is less than 0, the final tracking angle executed next moment is A01-A1;
if 0 < A1' -A1 < X, the final tracking angle of the next moment is A01-A1;
if a1 '-a 1 > X, the next moment finally performs tracking at an angle a01 ═ Max (a0- θ, a 1').
3. The tracking angle optimization method of the flat single-axis tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the angle difference value delta between the installation angle of K test installation planes with different angles arranged on the tracking support and the first installation plane is fixed and can rotate along with the tracking support; the difference delta of the installation angles of the two adjacent test installation planes is also fixed.
4. The tracking angle optimizing method of the flat single-axis tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the value of delta is 2-5 degrees.
5. The tracking angle optimization method of the flat single-axis tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the judgment reference value X is 2-8 degrees.
6. The tracking angle optimization method of the flat single-axis tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the value of the angle deviation reference value theta is 2-8 degrees.
7. A tracking support of a flat single-axis tracking system, which is used in the tracking angle optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the photovoltaic module tracking device is characterized in that a first mounting plane for mounting a photovoltaic module is formed on the tracking support, K test mounting planes with different angles are arranged at the end part or the middle part of the tracking support, and a small cell module and/or an irradiation meter are mounted on the test mounting planes.
8. The tracking carriage of a flat single axis tracking system as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the angle difference value delta between the installation angle of K test installation planes with different angles arranged on the tracking support and the first installation plane is fixed and can rotate along with the tracking support; the difference delta of the installation angles of the two adjacent test installation planes is also fixed.
9. The tracking carriage of a flat single axis tracking system as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the value of delta is 2-5 degrees.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113778139A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 阳光新能源开发有限公司 | Angle tracker, angle tracking method and photovoltaic tracking system |
| CN114003064A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-02-01 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Tracking method and device of tracking support and photovoltaic system |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113778139A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 阳光新能源开发有限公司 | Angle tracker, angle tracking method and photovoltaic tracking system |
| CN114003064A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-02-01 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Tracking method and device of tracking support and photovoltaic system |
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