CN108964236B - Self-tracking solar energy collection system for sensor network application - Google Patents
Self-tracking solar energy collection system for sensor network application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108964236B CN108964236B CN201810467436.XA CN201810467436A CN108964236B CN 108964236 B CN108964236 B CN 108964236B CN 201810467436 A CN201810467436 A CN 201810467436A CN 108964236 B CN108964236 B CN 108964236B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-tracking solar energy collection system for sensor network application, which comprises a micro control chip, an energy collection module and a state detection module, wherein the energy collection module comprises a solar cell panel, a solar charging controller, a lithium battery and an attitude adjustment assembly, the solar cell panel is connected with the lithium battery through the solar charging controller, the solar cell panel is arranged on the attitude adjustment assembly, the attitude adjustment assembly is connected with the micro control chip, the state detection module comprises an electric quantity detection unit, a light intensity detection module and a wind speed detection controller, the energy collection module supplies electric quantity to the whole self-tracking solar energy collection system for sensor network application, and the energy collection module outputs electric energy to a sensor node. The system solves the problem of power supply of the wireless passive sensor network node by adopting electric energy converted from solar energy, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, can greatly prolong the service life of a battery of power consumption equipment, and improves the stability and reliability of the equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-tracking solar energy collecting system applied to a sensor network.
Background
At present, a wireless sensor network is generally a network system integrating monitoring, control and wireless communication, and the number of nodes is large and the nodes are densely distributed. The current nodes are usually powered by miniature batteries, and the energy supply is limited. And the limited energy supply seriously influences the large-scale popularization and application of the sensor network. The method has the advantages that energy is effectively obtained from the external environment, the method has important significance for a low-power-consumption wireless sensor network, the service life of the node can be prolonged, and meanwhile, the network maintenance cost is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to design an efficient and reliable energy collector.
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the application of photovoltaic power generation systems is generally regarded by society as providing inexhaustible and sustainable renewable electric energy, and the natural environment on which human beings live is hardly affected. At present, the solar energy collection and conversion efficiency on the market is not high enough, and apart from the limitation of photovoltaic power generation materials, a key factor is that sunlight has the characteristics of intermittent illumination and continuous change of spatial distribution, a panel at a fixed position cannot receive the energy of the sunlight to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the relatively high cost of a power generation device is also an important factor for restricting the large-scale application of the power generation device. The development of a sunlight follow-up system with practical value to reduce cost is one of the main approaches for promoting the solar energy to be widely applied.
Aiming at the wide utilization of the wireless sensor network and the realization of the existing power supply requirement, how to combine the solar power supply technology with the wireless sensor network to realize the effective utilization of solar energy by the wireless sensor network has very important significance for prolonging the service life of nodes and reducing the maintenance cost of the wireless sensor, so the method becomes a hotspot of research in the field of the sensor network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sensor network application-oriented self-tracking solar energy collecting system, aiming at the defect of low energy collecting efficiency of sensor nodes, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar energy collector can be improved, the power supply problem of wireless sensor network nodes is solved to a certain extent, the service life of the sensor network nodes is effectively prolonged, the stability and the reliability of the network nodes are improved, and the node data loss problem and the human resource loss problem caused by replacement and maintenance of the sensor network nodes are reduced.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a self-tracking solar energy collecting system applied to a sensor network comprises a micro control chip, an energy collecting module and a state detecting module, wherein the energy collecting module comprises a solar cell panel, a solar charging controller, a lithium cell and a posture adjusting component, the lithium cell adopts a rechargeable lithium cell, the solar cell panel is connected with the lithium cell through the solar charging controller, the solar cell panel is arranged on the posture adjusting component, the posture adjusting component is connected with the micro control chip, the state detecting module comprises an electric quantity detecting unit, a light intensity detecting module and a wind speed detecting controller, the electric quantity detecting unit is respectively connected with the lithium cell and the micro control chip, the micro control chip is also connected with the light intensity detecting module, the wind speed detecting controller is connected with the micro control chip, and the energy collecting module provides electric quantity for the whole self-tracking solar energy collecting system applied to the sensor network, the energy collection module outputs electric energy to the sensor node.
Furthermore, the energy collection module also comprises a battery voltage detection module, and the lithium battery is connected with the solar charging and discharging controller through the battery voltage detection module.
Furthermore, the energy collection module also comprises a voltage stabilization module, an input port of the voltage stabilization module is connected with a load output end of the solar charge-discharge controller, an output port of the voltage stabilization module provides a 5-volt power supply for the self-tracking solar energy collection system facing the application of the sensor network, and the output port of the voltage stabilization module supplies power for an external sensor node.
Furthermore, the light intensity detection module converts the difference information of illumination into the difference information of voltage analog quantity, the micro control chip reads the difference information and calculates the difference information to obtain the angle information of the solar cell panel relative to sunlight rays, the attitude adjustment assembly adopts a steering engine, the micro control chip sends an attitude adjustment signal to the attitude adjustment assembly after receiving the light intensity difference signal, and the attitude adjustment assembly corrects the pitch angle and the horizontal angle of the solar cell panel according to the adjustment signal.
Further, the output voltage control of solar charging and discharging controller with the lithium cell is in safe scope, and charges when controlling the lithium cell output, realizes the charge-discharge simultaneity of battery to the output that the battery can be cut off to the solar charging and discharging controller when lithium cell voltage is low excessively, and the protection battery prevents to be under-voltage.
Further, on the premise that the illumination intensity reaches a set threshold, entering a tracking mode:
s11, converting the illumination intensity into analog quantity by a light intensity detection module attached to the solar panel through a photosensitive element, and proportionally reducing the analog quantity to a range which can be measured by the micro control chip through a lead and a divider resistor;
s12, the micro control chip acquires the voltage value of the photosensitive module through the analog-to-digital converter and converts the voltage value into digital quantity, the magnitude of the four-direction illumination intensity is obtained after the voltage value is processed and compared on the micro control chip, and the deflection position of the solar cell panel relative to the direct sunlight direction is judged through the light intensity difference;
and S13, the micro control chip which obtains the deflection angle of the solar panel relative to the direct sunlight direction sends a control signal to the steering engine to correct the angle of the solar panel.
Further, the energy collection module is realized by the following steps,
s21, after sunlight irradiates the solar cell panel, the output end of the solar cell panel generates a potential difference, and the potential difference is stabilized by the solar charging and discharging controller and then is connected to the lithium battery for charging;
s22, trickle charging when the voltage value of the lithium battery rises to saturation;
s23, the solar charging and discharging controller intermittently charges the lithium battery through PWM waves by using electric energy acquired by the solar cell panel, the solar charging and discharging controller outputs the electric energy of the lithium battery to an output port of the solar charging and discharging controller by using a charging control interval, and the output port of the solar charging and discharging controller provides electric quantity for the whole self-tracking solar energy collecting system applied to the sensor network and outputs the electric energy to the sensor node;
s24, the micro control chip reads the voltage analog value after voltage division through the proportional voltage reduction circuit, calculates the actual voltage of the lithium battery through the analog value, further calculates the residual electric quantity of the battery through the discharge curve of the lithium battery, and outputs the electric quantity of the battery to the display.
Further, the process of the self-tracking solar energy collection system for the sensor network application for performing danger early warning control is as follows:
and S31, the wind speed detector is directly powered by the lithium battery and is connected with the micro control chip, the micro control chip performs signal processing on the voltage value directly read from the wind speed detector and then performs threshold value comparison, and if the wind speed exceeds the set threshold value, the micro control chip is in a system protection state and disconnects the power supply of the lithium battery to the steering engine.
And S32, when the wind speed is reduced, the output voltage of the wind speed detector is reduced, the micro control chip starts timing after detecting that the voltage is reduced below a set threshold, and if the voltage is still lower than the set threshold after waiting for a set time, the micro control chip recovers the power supply of the lithium battery to the steering engine, and the solar panel tracks the light again.
Furthermore, the electric quantity detection unit measures the electric quantity of the lithium battery by using a voltage detection method, the micro control chip judges the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery by using the output voltage of the lithium battery and sends the residual electric quantity information to the sensor node through the data line, and the sensor node makes a system power consumption decision; the micro control chip is communicated with the control unit of the sensor node, the electric quantity information and the working state of the lithium battery are sent to the sensor node, the control signal from the sensor node is received, and the selection of the working mode is completed according to the control signal.
Further, a solar charging and discharging controller in the energy collection module is used for improving a power supply mode of the sensor network node and monitoring the collection efficiency of solar energy in real time, if the conversion efficiency is high, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is greater than or equal to 18 volts, the solar lithium battery on the solar panel supplies power for the sensor network node and stores redundant electric energy into the rechargeable lithium battery, if the conversion efficiency is low, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is greater than 15 volts and less than 18 volts but enough for the sensor network node to work, the solar lithium battery only supplies power for the sensor network node, if the electric quantity provided by the solar battery is not enough for the node to work, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is greater than or equal to 15 volts, the sensor network node is directly supplied with power by the rechargeable lithium battery, and the solar panel collects the electric quantity to supply the rechargeable lithium battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the utility model provides a this kind of towards self-tracking solar energy collection system that sensor network used, through the electric energy that adopts the solar energy conversion, solved wireless passive sensor network node power supply problem, energy-concerving and environment-protective, can prolong power consumption equipment's battery life greatly, improve equipment's stability and reliability, reduce because of change or the data loss problem and the manpower resources loss problem that maintenance equipment probably caused.
The invention can realize accurate tracking of the solar azimuth angle, and achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the deflection angle of the solar cell panel, thereby enabling light to vertically irradiate on the solar cell panel to improve the solar energy collection efficiency, setting danger early warning control aiming at severe weather such as strong wind and the like, and improving the safety of the device.
The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, strong practicability and convenient maintenance.
And fourthly, the safety of the system is improved through danger early warning control, and the cost of later maintenance is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a self-tracking solar energy collection system for sensor network applications according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a self-tracking solar energy collection system applied to a sensor network in an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a tracking mode of the self-tracking solar collection system applied to the sensor net in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process of an energy collection module in the self-tracking solar energy collection system applied to the sensor network in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
A self-tracking solar energy collection system applied to a sensor network is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, and comprises a micro control chip, an energy collection module and a state detection module, wherein the energy collection module comprises a solar cell panel, a solar charging controller, a lithium cell and a posture adjustment assembly, the lithium cell adopts a rechargeable lithium cell, the solar cell panel is connected with the lithium cell through the solar charging controller, the solar cell panel is arranged on the posture adjustment assembly, the posture adjustment assembly is connected with the micro control chip, the state detection module comprises an electric quantity detection unit, a light intensity detection module and a wind speed detection controller, the electric quantity detection unit is respectively connected with the lithium cell and the micro control chip, the micro control chip is also connected with the light intensity detection module, the wind speed detection controller is connected with the micro control chip, and the energy collection module provides electric quantity for the whole self-tracking solar energy collection system applied to the sensor network, the energy collection module outputs electric energy to the sensor node.
This kind of self-tracking solar energy collection system towards sensor network uses through the electric energy that adopts the solar energy conversion, has solved wireless passive sensor network node power supply problem, and is energy-concerving and environment-protective, can prolong power consumptive equipment's battery life greatly, improves equipment's stability and reliability, reduces the data loss problem and the manpower resources loss problem that probably cause because of changing or maintaining equipment.
As shown in fig. 2, the energy collection module of the embodiment further includes a battery voltage detection module, and the lithium battery is connected to the solar charging and discharging controller through the battery voltage detection module. The energy collection module further comprises a voltage stabilization module, an input port of the voltage stabilization module is connected with a load output end of the solar charge-discharge controller, an output port of the voltage stabilization module provides a 5-volt power supply for the self-tracking solar collection system facing the application of the sensor network, and the output port of the voltage stabilization module supplies power for an external sensor node.
The energy collecting unit converts solar energy into electric energy through a photoelectric conversion function of the solar cell panel, and the electric energy is stored in the lithium battery after passing through the stabilizing module and the solar charging and discharging controller; the electric quantity detection unit monitors the voltage of the lithium battery and sends the voltage to the micro control chip, and the micro control chip calculates the residual electric quantity of the battery; and the attitude adjusting component receives the signal of the micro control chip to realize the function of adjusting the attitude of the solar cell panel.
The solar charging and discharging controller realizes the accurate control of charging and discharging of the lithium battery, so that the lithium battery has the function of simultaneously charging and discharging; the output port of the solar charging and discharging controller provides electric quantity for the whole self-tracking solar energy collecting system applied to the sensor network and outputs electric energy to the sensor node. The light intensity detection module detects and compares the illumination intensity to obtain the angle adjustment information of the solar panel relative to the sunlight; the wind speed detection controller monitors the external wind speed constantly and sends the information to the micro control chip in real time. The micro control chip is the core of the whole energy collection module and is responsible for processing various information and regulating and controlling the state of the equipment so as to realize reasonable distribution of energy of each component of the equipment.
The light intensity detection module converts the difference information of illumination into the difference information of voltage analog quantity, the micro control chip reads the difference information and calculates the difference information to obtain the angle information of the solar cell panel relative to sunlight, the attitude adjustment assembly adopts a steering engine, the micro control chip sends an attitude adjustment signal to the attitude adjustment assembly after receiving the light intensity difference signal, and the attitude adjustment assembly corrects the pitch angle and the horizontal angle of the solar cell panel according to the adjustment signal.
The embodiment system can realize accurate tracking of the solar azimuth angle, and achieves the purpose of accurately controlling the deflection angle of the solar panel, so that light rays vertically irradiate on the solar panel to improve the solar energy collection efficiency, danger early warning control is set for severe climates such as strong wind, and the safety of the device is improved.
In the embodiment, the solar charging and discharging controller controls the output voltage of the lithium battery in a safe range, controls the output of the lithium battery and simultaneously charges the lithium battery, so that the charging and discharging simultaneity of the battery is realized, and the solar charging and discharging controller can cut off the output of the battery when the voltage of the lithium battery is too low, so as to protect the battery from undervoltage.
The light intensity detection module is attached to the solar cell panel and is directly connected with the micro control chip. The energy collection module can convert the light energy received by the solar cell panel into electric energy for the sensor node to use. The electric quantity detection unit can read the voltage and the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery and send the electric quantity information to the sensor node through a serial port line of the micro control chip.
The electric quantity detection unit measures the electric quantity of the lithium battery by using a voltage detection method, the micro control chip judges the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery by using the output voltage of the lithium battery, the residual electric quantity information is sent to the sensor node through the data line, and the sensor node makes a system power consumption decision; the micro control chip is communicated with the control unit of the sensor node, the electric quantity information and the working state of the lithium battery are sent to the sensor node, the control signal from the sensor node is received, and the selection of the working mode is completed according to the control signal.
The solar energy charge-discharge controller in the energy collection module of the system of the embodiment is used for improving the power supply mode of the sensor network node, monitoring the collection efficiency of solar energy in real time, if the conversion efficiency is high, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is more than or equal to 18V, the solar lithium battery on the solar panel supplies power to the sensor network node and stores the surplus electric energy into the rechargeable lithium battery, if the conversion efficiency is low, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is more than 15 volts and less than 18 volts but is still enough for the sensor network node to work and use, the solar lithium battery only supplies power to the sensor network node, if the electric quantity provided by the solar battery is not enough for the node to work, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is more than or equal to 15V, the sensor network node is directly powered by the rechargeable lithium battery, and the solar panel collects electric quantity to supply the rechargeable lithium battery.
The embodiment system can realize low-power consumption and high-efficiency collection. The solar cell panel and the rechargeable lithium battery are connected with the solar charging and discharging controller, and the solar charging and discharging controller has the functions of voltage stabilization input, PWM charging output and direct connection output of the direct current lithium battery.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, on the premise that the illumination intensity reaches the set threshold, the tracking mode is entered:
s11, converting the illumination intensity into analog quantity by a light intensity detection module attached to the solar panel through a photosensitive element, and proportionally reducing the analog quantity to a range which can be measured by the micro control chip through a lead and a divider resistor;
s12, the micro control chip acquires the voltage value of the photosensitive module through the analog-to-digital converter and converts the voltage value into digital quantity, the magnitude of the four-direction illumination intensity is obtained after the voltage value is processed and compared on the micro control chip, and the deflection position of the solar cell panel relative to the direct sunlight direction is judged through the light intensity difference;
and S13, the micro control chip which obtains the deflection angle of the solar panel relative to the direct sunlight direction sends a control signal to the steering engine to correct the angle of the solar panel. The time consumed by the correction process is based on a time slightly greater than the time required for the solar cell to deflect the maximum angle.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the energy harvesting module is implemented as,
s21, after sunlight irradiates the solar cell panel, the output end of the solar cell panel generates a potential difference, and the potential difference is stabilized by the solar charging and discharging controller and then is connected to the lithium battery for charging; because the potential difference that the output of solar cell panel produced is unstable, so need through the voltage stabilization of charging control port, connect to the lithium cell after the voltage stabilization and can charge it.
S22, trickle charging when the voltage value of the lithium battery rises to saturation; when the lithium battery is charged to a saturation voltage value, the battery is overcharged due to continuous adoption of large-current charging, and the damage probability is increased. Therefore, when the voltage value rises to the saturation threshold value, the constant-voltage trickle charge is carried out, namely the charge is not more than 280 milliamperes. The service life of the battery is protected to the maximum extent, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.
S23, the solar charging and discharging controller intermittently charges the lithium battery through PWM waves by using electric energy acquired by the solar cell panel, the solar charging and discharging controller outputs the electric energy of the lithium battery to an output port of the solar charging and discharging controller by using a charging control interval, and the output port of the solar charging and discharging controller provides electric quantity for the whole self-tracking solar energy collecting system applied to the sensor network and outputs the electric energy to the sensor node;
s24, the micro control chip reads the voltage analog value after voltage division through the proportional voltage reduction circuit, calculates the actual voltage of the lithium battery through the analog value, further calculates the residual electric quantity of the battery through the discharge curve of the lithium battery, and outputs the electric quantity of the battery to the display. The lithium battery state is convenient to observe.
In an embodiment, the process of performing the danger early warning control on the self-tracking solar energy collection system applied to the sensor network comprises the following steps:
and S31, the wind speed detector is directly powered by the lithium battery and is connected with the micro control chip, the micro control chip performs signal processing on the voltage value directly read from the wind speed detector and then performs threshold value comparison, and if the wind speed exceeds the set threshold value, the micro control chip is in a system protection state and disconnects the power supply of the lithium battery to the steering engine. In the embodiment, the solar cell panel keeps flat to avoid strong wind, so after the steering engine is powered off, the solar cell panel loses the supporting force and can return to the horizontal position, and the area of wind power is reduced.
And S32, when the wind speed is reduced, the output voltage of the wind speed detector is reduced, the micro control chip starts timing after detecting that the voltage is reduced below a set threshold, and if the voltage is still lower than the set threshold after waiting for a set time, the micro control chip recovers the power supply of the lithium battery to the steering engine, and the solar panel tracks the light again.
The embodiment system carries out danger detection control, can utilize sensor node to detect climatic conditions, adjusts the position of placing solar panel, for example during strong wind, adjusts solar panel for horizontal position reduces wind-force stress area, reduces energy collection device's risk of being distressed.
The system of the embodiment has a danger early warning function and a self-protection mechanism, the wind speed detection controller is used for monitoring the ambient wind speed information all the time, the information is sent to the micro control chip, and once the environment has the condition that the system can be threatened, corresponding measures are immediately taken to protect the system from being damaged. The embodiment aims at the solar tracker built by the sensor network, and can solve the problems of energy supply and the like caused by the environment diversity and unpredictable characteristics of the sensor network.
As can be seen from the above description, the embodiment can effectively improve the energy collection efficiency, wherein the proposed energy collection module can work all the time without replacing the battery, so as to reduce the node data problem and the human resource problem caused by replacing or maintaining the power supply module of the sensor network node, so as to solve the energy supply problem of the sensor network node, save energy, protect environment, and greatly prolong the system life of the unsupervised network. Meanwhile, the network node also has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, strong practicability and convenient maintenance. In addition, the system designed aiming at the energy supply problem of the sensor network can be also applied to other nodes or detectors which are unsupervised, high in energy supply cost and difficult in energy supply module maintenance. Social resources are saved, and the productivity is improved. And the pollution to the environment is also reduced to the minimum.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A self-tracking solar energy collection system for sensor network application is characterized in that: comprises a micro control chip, an energy collection module and a state detection module, wherein the energy collection module comprises a solar cell panel and a solar charge-discharge controller, the solar tracking system comprises a lithium battery and an attitude adjusting component, wherein the lithium battery is a rechargeable lithium battery, a solar panel is connected with the lithium battery through a solar charging and discharging controller, the solar panel is arranged on the attitude adjusting component, the attitude adjusting component is connected with a micro control chip, a state detection module comprises an electric quantity detection unit, a light intensity detection module and a wind speed detection controller, the electric quantity detection unit is respectively connected with the lithium battery and the micro control chip, the micro control chip is also connected with the light intensity detection module, the wind speed detection controller is connected with the micro control chip, an energy collection module provides electric quantity for the whole self-tracking solar collection system applied to a sensor network, and the energy collection module outputs electric energy to a sensor node; the light intensity detection module converts the difference information of illumination into difference information of voltage analog quantity, the micro control chip reads the difference information and calculates the difference information to obtain angle information of the solar cell panel relative to sunlight rays, the attitude adjustment assembly adopts a steering engine, the micro control chip sends an attitude adjustment signal to the attitude adjustment assembly after receiving the difference information, and the attitude adjustment assembly corrects a pitch angle and a horizontal angle of the solar cell panel according to the adjustment signal;
the energy collection module also comprises a battery voltage detection module, and the lithium battery is connected with the solar charging and discharging controller through the battery voltage detection module; the energy collection module also comprises a voltage stabilization module, an input port of the voltage stabilization module is connected with a load output end of the solar charge-discharge controller, an output port of the voltage stabilization module provides a 5-volt power supply to supply power for the self-tracking solar energy collection system applied to the sensor network, and an output port of the voltage stabilization module supplies power for an external sensor node; the energy collection module is realized by the following process,
s21, after sunlight irradiates the solar cell panel, the output end of the solar cell panel generates a potential difference, and the potential difference is stabilized by the solar charging and discharging controller and then is connected to the lithium battery for charging;
s22, trickle charging when the voltage value of the lithium battery rises to saturation;
s23, the solar charging and discharging controller intermittently charges the lithium battery through PWM waves by using electric energy acquired by the solar cell panel, the solar charging and discharging controller outputs the electric energy of the lithium battery to an output port of the solar charging and discharging controller by using a charging control interval, and the output port of the solar charging and discharging controller provides electric quantity for the whole self-tracking solar energy collecting system applied to the sensor network and outputs the electric energy to the sensor node;
s24, the micro control chip reads the voltage analog value after voltage division through the proportional voltage reduction circuit, calculates the actual voltage of the lithium battery through the analog value, further calculates the residual electric quantity of the battery through the discharge curve of the lithium battery, and simultaneously outputs the residual electric quantity of the battery to the display;
the process of carrying out danger early warning control on the self-tracking solar energy collecting system applied to the sensor network comprises the following steps:
s31, the wind speed detection controller is directly powered by a lithium battery and is connected with a micro control chip, the micro control chip carries out signal processing on the voltage quantity directly read from the wind speed detection controller and then carries out set threshold comparison, and when the wind speed exceeds the set threshold, the micro control chip is in a system protection state and cuts off the power supply of the lithium battery to the steering engine;
and S32, when the wind speed is reduced, the output voltage of the wind speed detection controller is reduced, the micro control chip starts timing after detecting that the voltage is reduced below a set threshold, and if the voltage is still lower than the set threshold after waiting for the set time, the micro control chip recovers the power supply of the lithium battery to the steering engine, and the solar panel tracks the light again.
2. A sensor-web-application-oriented self-tracking solar energy collection system as recited in claim 1, wherein: the output voltage control of solar charging and discharging controller with the lithium cell is in safe range, and charges when controlling the lithium cell output, realizes the charge-discharge simultaneity of battery to the output that the battery can be cut off to the solar charging and discharging controller when lithium cell voltage is low excessively, and the protection battery prevents to be under-voltage.
3. A sensor-web-application-oriented self-tracking solar energy collection system as recited in claim 1, wherein: on the premise that the illumination intensity reaches a set threshold, entering a tracking mode:
s11, converting the illumination intensity into analog quantity by a light intensity detection module attached to the solar panel through a photosensitive element, and proportionally reducing the analog quantity to a range which can be measured by the micro control chip through a lead and a divider resistor;
s12, the micro control chip acquires the voltage value of the photosensitive element through the analog-to-digital converter and converts the voltage value into digital quantity, the magnitude of the four-direction illumination intensity is obtained after the voltage value is processed and compared on the micro control chip, and the deflection position of the solar cell panel relative to the direct sunlight direction is judged through the difference of the light intensity;
and S13, the micro control chip which obtains the deflection angle of the solar panel relative to the direct sunlight direction sends a control signal to the steering engine to correct the angle of the solar panel.
4. A sensor web application oriented self-tracking solar energy collection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the electric quantity detection unit measures the electric quantity of the lithium battery by using a voltage detection method, the micro control chip judges the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery by using the output voltage of the lithium battery, the residual electric quantity information is sent to the sensor node through the data line, and the sensor node makes a system power consumption decision; the micro control chip is communicated with the control unit of the sensor node, the electric quantity information and the working state of the lithium battery are sent to the sensor node, the control signal from the sensor node is received, and the selection of the working mode is completed according to the control signal.
5. A sensor web application oriented self-tracking solar energy collection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the solar charging and discharging controller in the energy collecting module is used for improving the power supply mode of the sensor network node, the collecting efficiency of solar energy is monitored in real time, if the conversion efficiency is high, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is greater than or equal to 18 volts, the solar lithium battery on the solar panel supplies power for the sensor network node and stores redundant electric energy into the rechargeable lithium battery, if the conversion efficiency is low, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is greater than 15 volts and less than 18 volts but enough for the sensor network node to work, the solar lithium battery only supplies power for the sensor network node, if the electric quantity provided by the solar battery is not enough for the node to work, namely the output voltage of the solar panel is greater than or equal to 15 volts, the sensor network node is directly supplied with power by the rechargeable lithium battery, and the solar panel collects the electric quantity to supply the rechargeable lithium battery.
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| CN109539585B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2024-06-07 | 河北工业大学 | Solar energy collecting device capable of being used on water platform subject to fluctuation |
| CN109888876B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2022-08-30 | 宁波中鹏锂能源科技有限公司 | Solar intelligent power supply system and readable storage medium |
| CN110212627A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-09-06 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of WSN node self-contained electric system |
| CN110304281B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-09-25 | 北京天问空间科技有限公司 | Automatic control method for preventing experimental data of space station from being lost |
| CN110304280B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-09-25 | 北京天问空间科技有限公司 | Automatic control system for space station |
| CN112583099A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-03-30 | 宁波大学 | Mobile power supply device based on lithium battery and medical vehicle for medical application |
| CN112345593A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-09 | 杭州鲁尔物联科技有限公司 | High-precision deep soil moisture detection device and implementation method thereof |
| CN112854899A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-05-28 | 杭州杭水市政工程有限公司 | Municipal works foundation ditch safety device |
| CN115248821A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-10-28 | 重庆城市管理职业学院 | Intelligent sensor processing method and device based on energy collection and transmission |
| CN115560864B (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-03-22 | 杭州集联科技有限公司 | Wireless temperature measurement sensor temperature measurement method based on solar power supply |
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| CN102155358A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-17 | 张文迅 | Light-gathering wind and light complementary power station with automatic sun tracking function and maximum power point tracking function |
| CN203135479U (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-08-14 | 西北农林科技大学 | Self-powered environmental monitoring equipment |
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