CN103123514B - Photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method, belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and aims to achieve multimodal maximum power point tracing (MPPT) of a photovoltaic array. The technical scheme is that a peak where the whole-situation maximum power point (MPP) is located is primarily selected according to the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic array when shadows do not exist; then the specific value of the voltage of the voltage of the maximum power point tracing of the photovoltaic array when the shadows do not exist and the number of photovoltaic assemblies in series is taken as the standard, the MPPT step size in search is selected; MPP on the left side and the right side is respectively searched until a certain MPP is searched, if the output power value corresponding to the certain MPP is larger than MPP output power values at the left side and the right side of the MPP, the MPP is the whole-situation MPP; and finally the photovoltaic array is maintained to operate on the whole-situation MPP, and change of operation conditions is timely monitored: if operation conditions change, a multimodal MPPT strategy is restarted. The multimodal MPPT strategy not only can trace the whole-situation MPP at higher probability, but also is low in output power overshoot, fast in tracing speed, and provided with excellent tracing performance.
Description
Technical field
Invention relates to the maximum power point-tracing control method that is applicable to photovoltaic array multimodal power-voltage (P-U) output characteristics under local shade condition, belongs to maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking.
Background technology
Along with the exhaustion day by day of traditional energy and the awakening of environmental consciousness, the exploitation of sun power come into one's own day by day, and photovoltaic generation is the major way that utilizes sun power.In large Capacity Optical photovoltaic generating system, conventionally the photovoltaic module of some need to be formed to photovoltaic array by connection in series-parallel, for the negative effect that prevents that subassembly product fault or local shade from bringing, in photovoltaic array, also be equiped with bypass diode and reaction diode.The output electric energy of photovoltaic module and solar irradiance, assembly temperature are closely related, and under solar light irradiation uniformly, output power of photovoltaic module presents unimodal phenomenon.Traditional MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) control method and improving one's methods, for example: open-circuit voltage method, short-circuit current method, disturbance-observation (Perturb & Observe, P & O) method/climbing method, conductance increment method etc., there is good tracking control effect for this unimodal power characteristic.
But the photovoltaic array distribution range in actual light photovoltaic generating system is wider, or in the environment of photovoltaic array in changing, be conventionally difficult to guarantee illumination and the temperature conditions uniformity on every photovoltaic module.For all kinds of inconsistent factors of photovoltaic array output characteristics that cause, be conventionally all referred to as " shade ", such as: cloud, mountain range, buildings, photovoltaic module are towards difference, component faults etc.Due to the existence of shade, the P-U output characteristics of photovoltaic array may present multimodal phenomenon.Now, be subject to the interference of local peaking, traditional MPPT method is often difficult to find global peak, be real photovoltaic array maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP), thereby cause photovoltaic generating system output power significantly to reduce, generating efficiency reduces.Application number is in 201010223784.6 patent application, to propose to adopt timing whole scan to find global maximum power point, and the patent application that application number is 201010018319.9 proposes to adopt respectively finds global maximum power point from left and right sides search.Although above-mentioned whole scan mode can search out real maximum power point, unavoidably can make the output power of photovoltaic array produce unnecessary fluctuating widely for a long time, thereby produce extra power loss and electrical network is produced and impacted.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the MPPT control method that a kind of solar photovoltaic generation system that is applicable to all kinds of shade conditions is provided for the defect of prior art existence.The present invention for achieving the above object, has proposed the interval locking means of photovoltaic array peak power, MPPT step-size in search and orientation determination method, and its process flow diagram as shown in Figure 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1, parameter setting
Photovoltaic array open-circuit voltage U under shadow-free condition is set
oc, short-circuit current I
sc, maximum power point voltage U
max, array serial number m and number n in parallel;
2, between location, primary election overall situation MPP mountain peak
2.1 according to U
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
sc, under new service condition, find the working point (I on I-U family curve
k, U
k);
2.2 adopt the MPPT algorithm (climbing method, conductance increment method etc.) under traditional shadow-free condition, job search point (I
k, U
k) MPP (I on mountain peak, place
mi, U
mi), and calculate corresponding photovoltaic array output power P
mi=U
mii
mi;
2.3 calculate MPP power P
mi=U
mii
mi;
3, search for overall MPP---search for MPP left
3.1 judge MPP (I
mi, U
mi) left side MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1) whether known, if so, jump to step 4.1; Otherwise jump to step 3.2;
3.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U left
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
mi-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k;
3.3 at U
kclose position sampling, calculates
if
jump to step 3.4, otherwise jump to step 3.5;
3.4 make U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 3.3;
3.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
mi-1, I
mi-1);
3.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place
mi-1=U
mi-1i
mi-1;
4, search for overall MPP---search for MPP to the right
4.1 judge MPP (I
mi, U
mi) right side MPP (U
mi+1, I
mi+1) whether known, if so, jump to step 5.1; Otherwise jump to step 4.2;
4.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U to the right
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
mi+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k;
4.3 at U
kclose position sampling, calculates
if
jump to step 4.4, otherwise jump to step 4.5;
4.4 make U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 4.3;
4.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m, makes U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
mi+1, I
mi+1);
4.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place
mi+1=U
mi+1i
mi+1;
5, search for overall MPP---differentiate MPP (I
mi, U
mi) whether be overall MPP
If 5.1 P
mi>P
mi+1, jump to step 5.3, otherwise jump to step 5.2
5.2 use MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1), with MPP (U
mi+1, I
mi+1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 4.1;
If 5.3 P
mi>P
mi-1, jump to step 5.5, otherwise jump to step 5.4
5.4 use MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
mi+1, I
mi+1), with MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 3.1;
5.5 MPP (I
mi, U
mi) be overall MPP, jump to step 6.1;
6, photovoltaic array operational process Real-Time Monitoring
6.1 photovoltaic arrays run on overall MPP (U
mi, I
, mi), adopt traditional MPPT method to maintain photovoltaic array at (U
mi, I
mi) real-time tracing MPP between location, continue the variation of perception service condition simultaneously,
If 6.2 photovoltaic array service conditions are constant, jump to step 6.1; Otherwise restart multimodal MPPT algorithm.
When the sunshine receiving when photovoltaic array is uniformity, its characteristics of output power is unimodal, and the present invention will trace into rapidly U in the time of system initialization
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
sccorresponding, subsequently from this point search overall situation MPP value.In the time being subject to complicated local shade and affecting, the present invention follows the tracks of U on current photovoltaic array P-U curve again
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
sccorresponding, and from this point, utilize traditional MPPT method to find the MPP on this mountain peak; Consider that in addition, compared with in small probability situation, this mountain peak is local MPP, therefore, has increased the search step of left and right sides MPP, when the MPP on this mountain peak value is greater than the contiguous MPP value in its left and right sides, think that this mountain peak MPP is overall MPP.In search procedure, the selection of step-size in search and the direction of search has taken into full account photovoltaic array multimodal characteristic, can not only accelerate like this MPPT speed, avoids being stranded in local MPP; And follow the tracks of in control procedure at this, the fluctuating range of photovoltaic generating system output power can obviously not amplified by MPPT method, the excessive power swing of having avoided whole scan method to bring.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, in the time that the P-U of photovoltaic array characteristic presents multi-peak phenomenon because of illumination condition localized variation or indivedual photovoltaic module failure and other reasons, can accurately trace into the global maximum power point of photovoltaic array, thus the relatively high power loss of avoiding photovoltaic generating system long-time running to cause at local power peaking's point; In maximal power tracing process, can not cause that photovoltaic generating system power produces extra wide fluctuations because of MPPT method simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic array multimodal MPPT control strategy process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is global maximum power point tracing process schematic diagram in embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.In embodiment, the control flow chart of MPPT as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
1, parameter setting
Photovoltaic array open-circuit voltage U under shadow-free condition is set
oc, short-circuit current I
sc, maximum power point voltage U
max, array serial number m and number n in parallel;
2, between location, primary election overall situation MPP mountain peak
2.1 according to U
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
sc, under new service condition, find the working point (I on I-U family curve
k, U
k);
2.2 adopt the MPPT algorithm (climbing method, conductance increment method etc.) under traditional shadow-free condition, job search point (I
k, U
k) MPP (I on mountain peak, place
mi, U
mi), and calculate corresponding photovoltaic array output power P
mi=U
mii
mi;
2.3 calculate MPP power P
mi=U
mii
mi;
3, search for overall MPP---search for MPP left
3.1 judge MPP (I
mi, U
mi) left side MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1) whether known, if so, jump to step 4.1; Otherwise jump to step 3.2;
3.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U left
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
mi-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k;
3.3 at U
kclose position sampling, calculates
if
jump to step 3.4, otherwise jump to step 3.5;
3.4 make U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 3.3;
3.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
mi-1, I
mi-1);
3.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place
mi-1=U
mi-1i
mi-1;
4, search for overall MPP---search for MPP to the right
4.1 judge MPP (I
mi, U
mi) right side MPP (U
mi+1, I
mi+1) whether known, if so, jump to step 5.1; Otherwise jump to step 4.2;
4.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U to the right
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
mi+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k;
4.3 at U
kclose position sampling, calculates
if
jump to step 4.4, otherwise jump to step 4.5;
4.4 make U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 4.3;
4.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m, makes U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
mi+1, I
mi+1);
4.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place
mi+1=U
mi+1i
mi+1;
5, search for overall MPP---differentiate MPP (I
mi, U
mi) whether be overall MPP
If 5.1 P
mi>P
mi+1, jump to step 5.3, otherwise jump to step 5.2
5.2 use MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1), with MPP (U
mi+1, I
mi+1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 4.1;
If 5.3 P
mi>P
mi-1, jump to step 5.5, otherwise jump to step 5.4
5.4 use MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
mi+1, I
mi+1), with MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 3.1;
5.5 MPP (I
mi, U
mi) be overall MPP, jump to step 6.1;
6, photovoltaic array operational process Real-Time Monitoring
6.1 photovoltaic arrays run on overall MPP (U
mi, I
, mi), adopt traditional MPPT method to maintain photovoltaic array at (U
mi, I
mi) real-time tracing MPP between location, continue the variation of perception service condition simultaneously,
If 6.2 photovoltaic array service conditions are constant, jump to step 6.1; Otherwise restart multimodal MPPT algorithm.
In the present embodiment, adopt 2 kinds of illumination conditions, be respectively shadow-free and have shade, the output I-U characteristic of corresponding photovoltaic array and P-U characteristic are as shown in Figure 2.The signal that photovoltaic array MPPT control method under above-mentioned local shade condition produces can be used as the PWM modulation signal of DC-DC transducer in actual light photovoltaic generating system or inverter, controls the operating point of photovoltaic array.To contrast accompanying drawing 2 below and introduce in detail in the time that local shade occurs, the present invention follows the tracks of the process of global maximum power point.
(1) when shadow-free, the P-U family curve of photovoltaic array presents unimodal value, and maximum power point is at A point.The MPPT strategy according to the present invention, photovoltaic array can stable operation in A point.
(2), in the time that local shade occurs, the P-U family curve of photovoltaic array presents multi-peak phenomenon (have 6 peak values in the present embodiment, wherein global maximum power point is at D point).There is moment in shade, the terminal voltage U of photovoltaic array is by the long disturbance of traditional MPPT method small step, and operating point to putting B, starts MPPT strategy of the present invention by an A saltus step at once.
(3) on the I-U curve of the present invention under shade condition, search and meet U
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
scc point.Then traditional MPPT method starts to search for the vertex point D on this mountain peak from C point, and in most of situation, D point is exactly overall MPP.
(4) consider some in particular cases, D point may be positioned at overall MPP adjacent domain, therefore further searches for the MPP point of the D point left and right sides---some E and some F.
(5), in the implementation case, some E and MPP value corresponding to some F are all less than the MPP value that a D is corresponding, therefore finally lock D point for the overall MPP under current shade condition.After this photovoltaic array runs on D point, and continues to detect the variation of service condition.
As mentioned above; just can realize preferably the present invention, above-described embodiment is only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, is not used for limiting practical range of the present invention; be that all equalizations of doing according to content of the present invention change and modify, all by the claims in the present invention scope required for protection is contained.
Claims (1)
1. the interval locking means of photovoltaic array peak power, MPPT step-size in search and orientation determination method, comprise the steps:
Step 1, parameter setting
Photovoltaic array open-circuit voltage U under shadow-free condition is set
oc, short-circuit current I
sc, maximum power point voltage U
max, array serial number m and number n in parallel;
Between step 2, location, primary election overall situation MPP mountain peak
2.1 according to U
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
sc, under new service condition, find the working point (I on I-U family curve
k, U
k);
2.2 adopt the MPPT algorithm under traditional shadow-free condition, job search point (I
k, U
k) MPP (I on mountain peak, place
mi, U
mi), and calculate corresponding photovoltaic array output power P
mi=U
mii
mi;
2.3 calculate MPP power P
mi=U
mii
mi;
Step 3, search for overall MPP---search for MPP left
3.1 judge MPP (I
mi, U
mi) left side MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1) whether known, if so, jump to step 4.1; Otherwise jump to step 3.2;
3.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U left
k=(0.5～0.8) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
mi-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k;
3.3 at U
kclose position sampling, calculates
if
jump to step 3.4, otherwise jump to step 3.5;
3.4 make U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 3.3;
3.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01～0.5) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
mi-1, I
mi-1);
3.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place
mi-1=U
mi-1i
mi-1;
Step 4, search for overall MPP---search for MPP to the right
4.1 judge MPP (I
mi, U
mi) right side MPP (U
mi+1, I
mi+1) whether known, if so, jump to step 5.1; Otherwise jump to step 4.2;
4.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U to the right
k=(0.5～0.8) U
max/ m, makes U
k=U
mi+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k;
4.3 at U
kclose position sampling, calculates
if
jump to step 4.4, otherwise jump to step 4.5;
4.4 make U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 4.3;
4.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01～0.5) U
max/ m, makes U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
mi+1, I
mi+1);
4.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place
mi+1=U
mi+1i
mi+1;
Step 5, search for overall MPP---differentiate MPP (I
mi, U
mi) whether be overall MPP
If 5.1 P
mi>P
mi+1, jump to step 5.3, otherwise jump to step 5.2
5.2 use MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1), with MPP (U
mi+1, I
mi+1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 4.1;
If 5.3 P
mi>P
mi-1, jump to step 5.5, otherwise jump to step 5.4
5.4 use MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
mi+
1, I
mi+
1), with MPP (U
mi-1, I
mi-1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 3.1;
5.5 MPP (I
mi, U
mi) be overall MPP, jump to step 6.1;
Step 6, photovoltaic array operational process Real-Time Monitoring
6.1 photovoltaic arrays run on overall MPP (U
mi, I,
mi), adopt traditional MPPT method to maintain photovoltaic array at (U
mi, I
mi) real-time tracing MPP between location, continue the variation of perception service condition simultaneously,
If 6.2 photovoltaic array service conditions are constant, jump to step 6.1; Otherwise restart multimodal MPPT algorithm.
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| CN201310059760.5A CN103123514B (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2013-02-26 | Photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method |
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| CN103592992B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-02-10 | 国家电网公司 | The quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array and method under a kind of shadowed condition |
| CN103995560B (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2017-03-22 | 东南大学 | Photovoltaic array multi-peak maximum power point tracking method |
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