CN103123514B - Photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method - Google Patents

Photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method Download PDF

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CN103123514B
CN103123514B CN201310059760.5A CN201310059760A CN103123514B CN 103123514 B CN103123514 B CN 103123514B CN 201310059760 A CN201310059760 A CN 201310059760A CN 103123514 B CN103123514 B CN 103123514B
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CN103123514A (en
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戚军
张晓峰
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

本发明为光伏阵列多峰最大功率点跟踪方法，属于光伏发电技术领域。为实现光伏阵列的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)，本发明采取的技术方案是：根据无阴影时光伏阵列的开路电压和短路电流初步选取全局最大功率点(MPP)所在山峰；然后以无阴影时光伏阵列最大功率点的电压与串联光伏组件数量之比值为基准，选取MPPT搜索步长；分别搜索左右两侧的MPP，直至搜索到某个MPP，其对应的输出功率值大于其左右两侧的MPP输出功率值，即认为该MPP为全局MPP；最后维持光伏阵列运行于全局MPP，并实时监测运行条件的变化，若运行条件变化，则重启多峰MPPT策略。本多峰MPPT策略不仅能以较高概率跟踪到全局MPP，而且跟踪过程中输出功率超调量小，跟踪速度快，具有优异的跟踪性能。

The invention relates to a multi-peak maximum power point tracking method for a photovoltaic array, belonging to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. In order to realize the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic array, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: according to the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic array when there is no shadow, initially select the mountain where the global maximum power point (MPP) is; The ratio of the voltage at the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array to the number of photovoltaic modules in series is used as the reference, and the MPPT search step is selected; the MPPs on the left and right sides are searched separately until a certain MPP is found, and its corresponding output power value is greater than that on the left and right sides. The MPP output power value means that the MPP is considered to be a global MPP; finally, the photovoltaic array is maintained to operate at the global MPP, and changes in operating conditions are monitored in real time. If the operating conditions change, the multi-peak MPPT strategy is restarted. This multi-peak MPPT strategy can not only track the global MPP with a high probability, but also has a small output power overshoot in the tracking process, fast tracking speed, and excellent tracking performance.

Description

Photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method
Technical field
Invention relates to the maximum power point-tracing control method that is applicable to photovoltaic array multimodal power-voltage (P-U) output characteristics under local shade condition, belongs to maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking.
Background technology
Along with the exhaustion day by day of traditional energy and the awakening of environmental consciousness, the exploitation of sun power come into one's own day by day, and photovoltaic generation is the major way that utilizes sun power.In large Capacity Optical photovoltaic generating system, conventionally the photovoltaic module of some need to be formed to photovoltaic array by connection in series-parallel, for the negative effect that prevents that subassembly product fault or local shade from bringing, in photovoltaic array, also be equiped with bypass diode and reaction diode.The output electric energy of photovoltaic module and solar irradiance, assembly temperature are closely related, and under solar light irradiation uniformly, output power of photovoltaic module presents unimodal phenomenon.Traditional MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) control method and improving one's methods, for example: open-circuit voltage method, short-circuit current method, disturbance-observation (Perturb & Observe, P & O) method/climbing method, conductance increment method etc., there is good tracking control effect for this unimodal power characteristic.
But the photovoltaic array distribution range in actual light photovoltaic generating system is wider, or in the environment of photovoltaic array in changing, be conventionally difficult to guarantee illumination and the temperature conditions uniformity on every photovoltaic module.For all kinds of inconsistent factors of photovoltaic array output characteristics that cause, be conventionally all referred to as " shade ", such as: cloud, mountain range, buildings, photovoltaic module are towards difference, component faults etc.Due to the existence of shade, the P-U output characteristics of photovoltaic array may present multimodal phenomenon.Now, be subject to the interference of local peaking, traditional MPPT method is often difficult to find global peak, be real photovoltaic array maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP), thereby cause photovoltaic generating system output power significantly to reduce, generating efficiency reduces.Application number is in 201010223784.6 patent application, to propose to adopt timing whole scan to find global maximum power point, and the patent application that application number is 201010018319.9 proposes to adopt respectively finds global maximum power point from left and right sides search.Although above-mentioned whole scan mode can search out real maximum power point, unavoidably can make the output power of photovoltaic array produce unnecessary fluctuating widely for a long time, thereby produce extra power loss and electrical network is produced and impacted.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the MPPT control method that a kind of solar photovoltaic generation system that is applicable to all kinds of shade conditions is provided for the defect of prior art existence.The present invention for achieving the above object, has proposed the interval locking means of photovoltaic array peak power, MPPT step-size in search and orientation determination method, and its process flow diagram as shown in Figure 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1, parameter setting
Photovoltaic array open-circuit voltage U under shadow-free condition is set oc, short-circuit current I sc, maximum power point voltage U max, array serial number m and number n in parallel;
2, between location, primary election overall situation MPP mountain peak
2.1 according to U k/ I k≈ U oc/ I sc, under new service condition, find the working point (I on I-U family curve k, U k);
2.2 adopt the MPPT algorithm (climbing method, conductance increment method etc.) under traditional shadow-free condition, job search point (I k, U k) MPP (I on mountain peak, place mi, U mi), and calculate corresponding photovoltaic array output power P mi=U mii mi;
2.3 calculate MPP power P mi=U mii mi;
3, search for overall MPP---search for MPP left
3.1 judge MPP (I mi, U mi) left side MPP (U mi-1, I mi-1) whether known, if so, jump to step 4.1; Otherwise jump to step 3.2;
3.2 from MPP (I mi, U mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U left k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U max/ m, makes U k=U mi-Δ U k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U k;
3.3 at U kclose position sampling, calculates if jump to step 3.4, otherwise jump to step 3.5;
3.4 make U k=U k-Δ U k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U k, repeating step 3.3;
3.5 get step-size in search Δ U k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U max/ m, makes U k=U k-Δ U k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place mi-1, I mi-1);
3.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place mi-1=U mi-1i mi-1;
4, search for overall MPP---search for MPP to the right
4.1 judge MPP (I mi, U mi) right side MPP (U mi+1, I mi+1) whether known, if so, jump to step 5.1; Otherwise jump to step 4.2;
4.2 from MPP (I mi, U mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U to the right k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U max/ m, makes U k=U mi+ Δ U k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U k;
4.3 at U kclose position sampling, calculates if jump to step 4.4, otherwise jump to step 4.5;
4.4 make U k+1=U k+ Δ U k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U k, repeating step 4.3;
4.5 get step-size in search Δ U k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U max/ m, makes U k+1=U k+ Δ U k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place mi+1, I mi+1);
4.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place mi+1=U mi+1i mi+1;
5, search for overall MPP---differentiate MPP (I mi, U mi) whether be overall MPP
If 5.1 P mi>P mi+1, jump to step 5.3, otherwise jump to step 5.2
5.2 use MPP (U mi, I mi) alternative MPP (U mi-1, I mi-1), with MPP (U mi+1, I mi+1) alternative MPP (U mi, I mi), jump to step 4.1;
If 5.3 P mi>P mi-1, jump to step 5.5, otherwise jump to step 5.4
5.4 use MPP (U mi, I mi) alternative MPP (U mi+1, I mi+1), with MPP (U mi-1, I mi-1) alternative MPP (U mi, I mi), jump to step 3.1;
5.5 MPP (I mi, U mi) be overall MPP, jump to step 6.1;
6, photovoltaic array operational process Real-Time Monitoring
6.1 photovoltaic arrays run on overall MPP (U mi, I , mi), adopt traditional MPPT method to maintain photovoltaic array at (U mi, I mi) real-time tracing MPP between location, continue the variation of perception service condition simultaneously,
If 6.2 photovoltaic array service conditions are constant, jump to step 6.1; Otherwise restart multimodal MPPT algorithm.
When the sunshine receiving when photovoltaic array is uniformity, its characteristics of output power is unimodal, and the present invention will trace into rapidly U in the time of system initialization k/ I k≈ U oc/ I sccorresponding, subsequently from this point search overall situation MPP value.In the time being subject to complicated local shade and affecting, the present invention follows the tracks of U on current photovoltaic array P-U curve again k/ I k≈ U oc/ I sccorresponding, and from this point, utilize traditional MPPT method to find the MPP on this mountain peak; Consider that in addition, compared with in small probability situation, this mountain peak is local MPP, therefore, has increased the search step of left and right sides MPP, when the MPP on this mountain peak value is greater than the contiguous MPP value in its left and right sides, think that this mountain peak MPP is overall MPP.In search procedure, the selection of step-size in search and the direction of search has taken into full account photovoltaic array multimodal characteristic, can not only accelerate like this MPPT speed, avoids being stranded in local MPP; And follow the tracks of in control procedure at this, the fluctuating range of photovoltaic generating system output power can obviously not amplified by MPPT method, the excessive power swing of having avoided whole scan method to bring.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, in the time that the P-U of photovoltaic array characteristic presents multi-peak phenomenon because of illumination condition localized variation or indivedual photovoltaic module failure and other reasons, can accurately trace into the global maximum power point of photovoltaic array, thus the relatively high power loss of avoiding photovoltaic generating system long-time running to cause at local power peaking's point; In maximal power tracing process, can not cause that photovoltaic generating system power produces extra wide fluctuations because of MPPT method simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic array multimodal MPPT control strategy process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is global maximum power point tracing process schematic diagram in embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.In embodiment, the control flow chart of MPPT as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
1, parameter setting
Photovoltaic array open-circuit voltage U under shadow-free condition is set oc, short-circuit current I sc, maximum power point voltage U max, array serial number m and number n in parallel;
2, between location, primary election overall situation MPP mountain peak
2.1 according to U k/ I k≈ U oc/ I sc, under new service condition, find the working point (I on I-U family curve k, U k);
2.2 adopt the MPPT algorithm (climbing method, conductance increment method etc.) under traditional shadow-free condition, job search point (I k, U k) MPP (I on mountain peak, place mi, U mi), and calculate corresponding photovoltaic array output power P mi=U mii mi;
2.3 calculate MPP power P mi=U mii mi;
3, search for overall MPP---search for MPP left
3.1 judge MPP (I mi, U mi) left side MPP (U mi-1, I mi-1) whether known, if so, jump to step 4.1; Otherwise jump to step 3.2;
3.2 from MPP (I mi, U mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U left k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U max/ m, makes U k=U mi-Δ U k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U k;
3.3 at U kclose position sampling, calculates if jump to step 3.4, otherwise jump to step 3.5;
3.4 make U k=U k-Δ U k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U k, repeating step 3.3;
3.5 get step-size in search Δ U k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U max/ m, makes U k=U k-Δ U k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place mi-1, I mi-1);
3.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place mi-1=U mi-1i mi-1;
4, search for overall MPP---search for MPP to the right
4.1 judge MPP (I mi, U mi) right side MPP (U mi+1, I mi+1) whether known, if so, jump to step 5.1; Otherwise jump to step 4.2;
4.2 from MPP (I mi, U mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, gets step-size in search Δ U to the right k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U max/ m, makes U k=U mi+ Δ U k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U k;
4.3 at U kclose position sampling, calculates if jump to step 4.4, otherwise jump to step 4.5;
4.4 make U k+1=U k+ Δ U k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U k, repeating step 4.3;
4.5 get step-size in search Δ U k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U max/ m, makes U k+1=U k+ Δ U k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place mi+1, I mi+1);
4.6 calculate the photovoltaic array output power P of MPP place mi+1=U mi+1i mi+1;
5, search for overall MPP---differentiate MPP (I mi, U mi) whether be overall MPP
If 5.1 P mi>P mi+1, jump to step 5.3, otherwise jump to step 5.2
5.2 use MPP (U mi, I mi) alternative MPP (U mi-1, I mi-1), with MPP (U mi+1, I mi+1) alternative MPP (U mi, I mi), jump to step 4.1;
If 5.3 P mi>P mi-1, jump to step 5.5, otherwise jump to step 5.4
5.4 use MPP (U mi, I mi) alternative MPP (U mi+1, I mi+1), with MPP (U mi-1, I mi-1) alternative MPP (U mi, I mi), jump to step 3.1;
5.5 MPP (I mi, U mi) be overall MPP, jump to step 6.1;
6, photovoltaic array operational process Real-Time Monitoring
6.1 photovoltaic arrays run on overall MPP (U mi, I , mi), adopt traditional MPPT method to maintain photovoltaic array at (U mi, I mi) real-time tracing MPP between location, continue the variation of perception service condition simultaneously,
If 6.2 photovoltaic array service conditions are constant, jump to step 6.1; Otherwise restart multimodal MPPT algorithm.
In the present embodiment, adopt 2 kinds of illumination conditions, be respectively shadow-free and have shade, the output I-U characteristic of corresponding photovoltaic array and P-U characteristic are as shown in Figure 2.The signal that photovoltaic array MPPT control method under above-mentioned local shade condition produces can be used as the PWM modulation signal of DC-DC transducer in actual light photovoltaic generating system or inverter, controls the operating point of photovoltaic array.To contrast accompanying drawing 2 below and introduce in detail in the time that local shade occurs, the present invention follows the tracks of the process of global maximum power point.
(1) when shadow-free, the P-U family curve of photovoltaic array presents unimodal value, and maximum power point is at A point.The MPPT strategy according to the present invention, photovoltaic array can stable operation in A point.
(2), in the time that local shade occurs, the P-U family curve of photovoltaic array presents multi-peak phenomenon (have 6 peak values in the present embodiment, wherein global maximum power point is at D point).There is moment in shade, the terminal voltage U of photovoltaic array is by the long disturbance of traditional MPPT method small step, and operating point to putting B, starts MPPT strategy of the present invention by an A saltus step at once.
(3) on the I-U curve of the present invention under shade condition, search and meet U k/ I k≈ U oc/ I scc point.Then traditional MPPT method starts to search for the vertex point D on this mountain peak from C point, and in most of situation, D point is exactly overall MPP.
(4) consider some in particular cases, D point may be positioned at overall MPP adjacent domain, therefore further searches for the MPP point of the D point left and right sides---some E and some F.
(5), in the implementation case, some E and MPP value corresponding to some F are all less than the MPP value that a D is corresponding, therefore finally lock D point for the overall MPP under current shade condition.After this photovoltaic array runs on D point, and continues to detect the variation of service condition.
As mentioned above; just can realize preferably the present invention, above-described embodiment is only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, is not used for limiting practical range of the present invention; be that all equalizations of doing according to content of the present invention change and modify, all by the claims in the present invention scope required for protection is contained.

Claims (1)

1.光伏阵列最大功率区间锁定方法、MPPT搜索步长及方向确定方法，包括如下步骤：1. The method for locking the maximum power range of the photovoltaic array, the MPPT search step size and the method for determining the direction, including the following steps: 步骤1、参数设置Step 1. Parameter setting 设置无阴影条件下的光伏阵列开路电压Uoc、短路电流Isc、最大功率点电压Umax、阵列串联数m和并联数n；Set the open-circuit voltage U oc , short-circuit current I sc , maximum power point voltage U max , array series number m and parallel number n of the photovoltaic array under the condition of no shadow; 步骤2、初选全局MPP山峰所在区间Step 2. Preliminary selection of the area where the global MPP peak is located 2.1根据Uk/Ik≈Uoc/Isc，在新运行条件下寻找I-U特性曲线上的工作点(Ik，Uk)；2.1 According to U k /I k ≈ U oc /I sc , find the working point (I k , U k ) on the IU characteristic curve under the new operating conditions; 2.2采用传统无阴影条件下的MPPT算法，寻找工作点(Ik，Uk)所在山峰的MPP(Imi，Umi)，并计算对应光伏阵列输出功率Pmi＝UmiImi；2.2 Using the traditional MPPT algorithm under no-shade conditions, find the MPP (I mi , U mi ) of the peak where the operating point (I k , U k ) is located, and calculate the corresponding photovoltaic array output power P mi = U mi I mi ; 2.3计算MPP功率Pmi＝UmiImi；2.3 Calculation of MPP power P mi = U mi I mi ; 步骤3、搜索全局MPP——向左搜索MPPStep 3. Search the global MPP - search the MPP to the left 3.1判断MPP(Imi，Umi)左侧MPP(Umi-1，Imi-1)是否已知，若是，跳转至步骤4.1；否则跳转至步骤3.2；3.1 Determine whether the left MPP (U mi -1 , I mi-1 ) of the MPP (I mi , U mi ) is known, if so, go to step 4.1; otherwise, go to step 3.2; 3.2从MPP(Imi，Umi)出发，向左搜索邻近的MPP，取搜索步长ΔUk＝(0.5～0.8)Umax/m，令Uk＝Umi－ΔUk，调整光伏阵列运行点至输出端电压为Uk；3.2 Starting from the MPP (I mi , U mi ), search the adjacent MPP to the left, take the search step size ΔU k = (0.5～0.8) U max /m, set U k = U mi - ΔU k , and adjust the operation of the photovoltaic array The voltage from the point to the output terminal is U k ; 3.3在Uk邻近位置采样，计算若则跳转至步骤3.4，否则跳转至步骤3.5；3.3 Sampling in the vicinity of U k , calculate like Then skip to step 3.4, otherwise skip to step 3.5; 3.4令Uk＝Uk－ΔUk，调整光伏阵列运行点至输出端电压为Uk，重复步骤3.3；3.4 Set U k = U k - ΔU k , adjust the operating point of the photovoltaic array to the output terminal voltage as U k , and repeat step 3.3; 3.5取搜索步长ΔUk＝(0.01～0.5)Umax/m，令Uk＝Uk－ΔUk，采用传统MPPT跟踪所在山峰的MPP(Umi-1，Imi-1)；3.5 Take the search step size ΔU k ＝(0.01～0.5)U max /m, set U k ＝U k －ΔU k , and use traditional MPPT to track the MPP of the mountain where it is located (U mi-1 , I mi-1 ); 3.6计算MPP处光伏阵列输出功率Pmi-1＝Umi-1Imi-1；3.6 Calculate the output power of the photovoltaic array at the MPP P mi-1 = U mi-1 I mi-1 ; 步骤4、搜索全局MPP——向右搜索MPPStep 4. Search the global MPP - search the MPP to the right 4.1判断MPP(Imi，Umi)右侧MPP(Umi+1，Imi+1)是否已知，若是，则跳转至步骤5.1；否则跳转至步骤4.2；4.1 Determine whether the MPP (U mi +1 , I mi+1 ) on the right side of MPP(I mi , U mi ) is known, if so, go to step 5.1; otherwise, go to step 4.2; 4.2从MPP(Imi，Umi)出发，向右搜索邻近的MPP，取搜索步长ΔUk＝(0.5～0.8)Umax/m，令Uk＝Umi+ΔUk，调整光伏阵列运行点至输出端电压为Uk；4.2 Starting from the MPP (I mi , U mi ), search the adjacent MPP to the right, take the search step size ΔU k = (0.5～0.8) U max /m, let U k = U mi + ΔU k , and adjust the operation of the photovoltaic array The voltage from the point to the output terminal is U k ; 4.3在Uk邻近位置采样，计算若则跳转至步骤4.4，否则跳转至步骤4.5；4.3 Sampling in the vicinity of U k , calculate like Then skip to step 4.4, otherwise skip to step 4.5; 4.4令Uk+1＝Uk+ΔUk，调整光伏阵列运行点至输出端电压为Uk，重复步骤4.3；4.4 Make U k+1 = U k +ΔU k , adjust the operating point of the photovoltaic array to the output voltage of U k , and repeat step 4.3; 4.5取搜索步长ΔUk＝(0.01～0.5)Umax/m，令Uk+1＝Uk+ΔUk，采用传统MPPT跟踪所在山峰的MPP(Umi+1，Imi+1)；4.5 Take the search step size ΔU k ＝(0.01～0.5)U max /m, set U k+1 ＝U k +ΔU k , and use the traditional MPPT to track the MPP of the mountain where it is located (U mi+1 , I mi+1 ); 4.6计算MPP处光伏阵列输出功率Pmi+1＝Umi+1Imi+1；4.6 Calculate the output power of the photovoltaic array at the MPP P mi+1 = U mi+1 I mi+1 ; 步骤5、搜索全局MPP——判别MPP(Imi，Umi)是否为全局MPPStep 5. Search the global MPP——discriminate whether the MPP(I mi , U mi ) is a global MPP 5.1若Pmi>Pmi+1，则跳转至步骤5.3，否则跳转至步骤5.25.1 If P mi >P mi+1 , then go to step 5.3, otherwise go to step 5.2 5.2用MPP(Umi，Imi)替代MPP(Umi-1，Imi-1)，用MPP(Umi+1，Imi+1)替代MPP(Umi，Imi)，跳转至步骤4.1；5.2 Replace MPP(U mi -1 , I mi-1 ) with MPP(U mi , I mi ), replace MPP(U mi , I mi ) with MPP(U mi +1 , I mi +1 ), jump to Step 4.1; 5.3若Pmi>Pmi-1，则跳转至步骤5.5，否则跳转至步骤5.45.3 If P mi >P mi-1 , then go to step 5.5, otherwise go to step 5.4 5.4用MPP(Umi，Imi)替代MPP(Umi+1，Imi+1)，用MPP(Umi-1，Imi-1)替代MPP(Umi，Imi)，跳转至步骤3.1；5.4 Replace MPP(U mi + 1 , I mi + 1 ) with MPP(U mi , I mi ), replace MPP(U mi , I mi ) with MPP(U mi -1 , I mi -1 ), jump to Step 3.1; 5.5则MPP(Imi，Umi)是全局MPP，跳转至步骤6.1；5.5 If MPP(I mi , U mi ) is the global MPP, skip to step 6.1; 步骤6、光伏阵列运行过程实时监测Step 6. Real-time monitoring of photovoltaic array operation process 6.1光伏阵列运行于全局MPP(Umi，I,mi)，采用传统MPPT方法维持光伏阵列在(Umi，Imi)所在区间实时追踪MPP，同时继续感知运行条件的变化，6.1 The photovoltaic array operates in the global MPP (U mi , I, mi ), and the traditional MPPT method is used to maintain the photovoltaic array in the interval of (U mi , I mi ) to track the MPP in real time, while continuing to sense changes in operating conditions, 6.2若光伏阵列运行条件不变，则跳转至步骤6.1；否则重新启动多峰MPPT算法。6.2 If the operating conditions of the photovoltaic array remain unchanged, skip to step 6.1; otherwise, restart the multi-peak MPPT algorithm.
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