CN103123514A - Photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103123514A CN103123514A CN2013100597605A CN201310059760A CN103123514A CN 103123514 A CN103123514 A CN 103123514A CN 2013100597605 A CN2013100597605 A CN 2013100597605A CN 201310059760 A CN201310059760 A CN 201310059760A CN 103123514 A CN103123514 A CN 103123514A
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power point tracing method, belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and aims to achieve multimodal maximum power point tracing (MPPT) of a photovoltaic array. The technical scheme is that a peak where the whole-situation maximum power point (MPP) is located is primarily selected according to the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic array when shadows do not exist; then the specific value of the voltage of the voltage of the maximum power point tracing of the photovoltaic array when the shadows do not exist and the number of photovoltaic assemblies in series is taken as the standard, the MPPT step size in search is selected; MPP on the left side and the right side is respectively searched until a certain MPP is searched, if the output power value corresponding to the certain MPP is larger than MPP output power values at the left side and the right side of the MPP, the MPP is the whole-situation MPP; and finally the photovoltaic array is maintained to operate on the whole-situation MPP, and change of operation conditions is timely monitored: if operation conditions change, a multimodal MPPT strategy is restarted. The multimodal MPPT strategy not only can trace the whole-situation MPP at higher probability, but also is low in output power overshoot, fast in tracing speed, and provided with excellent tracing performance.
Description
Technical field
Invention relates to the maximum power point-tracing control method that is applicable to photovoltaic array multimodal power-voltage (P-U) output characteristics under local shade condition, belongs to the maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking.
Background technology
Along with the exhaustion day by day of traditional energy and the awakening of environmental consciousness, the exploitation of sun power come into one's own day by day, and photovoltaic generation is the major way that utilizes sun power.In large Capacity Optical photovoltaic generating system, usually the photovoltaic module of some photovoltaic array be need to be formed by connection in series-parallel, for the negative effect that prevents that subassembly product fault or local shade from bringing, bypass diode and reaction diode also are equiped with in photovoltaic array.The output electric energy of photovoltaic module and solar irradiance, assembly temperature are closely related, and under solar light irradiation uniformly, output power of photovoltaic module presents unimodal phenomenon.Traditional MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) control method and improving one's methods, for example: open-circuit voltage method, short-circuit current method, disturbance-observation (Perturb ﹠amp; Observe, P﹠amp; O) method/climbing method, conductance increment method etc. have to follow the tracks of preferably for this unimodal power characteristic and control effect.
Yet the photovoltaic array distribution range in the actual light photovoltaic generating system is wider, and perhaps photovoltaic array is in the environment of variation, usually is difficult to guarantee illumination and temperature conditions uniformity on every photovoltaic module.For all kinds of inconsistent factors of photovoltaic array output characteristics that cause, usually all be referred to as " shade ", such as: cloud, mountain range, buildings, photovoltaic module are towards difference, component faults etc.Due to the existence of shade, the P-U output characteristics of photovoltaic array may present the multimodal phenomenon.At this moment, be subjected to the interference of local peaking, traditional MPPT method often is difficult to find global peak, be real photovoltaic array maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP), thereby cause the photovoltaic generating system output power significantly to reduce, generating efficiency reduces.Application number is to propose to adopt regularly whole scan to seek global maximum power point in 201010223784.6 application for a patent for invention book, and application number is that 201010018319.9 application for a patent for invention book proposes to adopt respectively and seeks global maximum power point from left and right sides search.Although above-mentioned whole scan mode can search out real maximum power point, unavoidably can make the output power of photovoltaic array produce unnecessary fluctuating widely for a long time, impact thereby produce extra power loss and electrical network is produced.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of MPPT control method that is applicable to the solar photovoltaic generation system of all kinds of shade conditions for the defective that prior art exists.The present invention has proposed the interval locking means of photovoltaic array peak power, MPPT step-size in search and orientation determination method for achieving the above object, and its process flow diagram is characterized in that comprising the steps: as shown in Figure 1
1, parameter setting
Photovoltaic array open-circuit voltage U under the shadow-free condition is set
oc, short-circuit current I
sc, maximum power point voltage U
max, array serial number m and number n in parallel;
2, between location, primary election overall situation MPP mountain peak
2.1 according to U
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
sc, seek the working point (I on the I-U family curve under new service condition
k, U
k);
2.2 adopt the MPPT algorithm (climbing method, conductance increment method etc.) under traditional shadow-free condition, job search point (I
k, U
k) MPP (I on mountain peak, place
mi, U
mi), and calculate corresponding photovoltaic array output power P
mi=U
miI
mi
2.3 calculate the MPP power P
mi=U
miI
mi
3, search for overall MPP---search for MPP left
3.1 judgement MPP (I
mi, U
mi) left side MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1) whether known, if jump to step 4.1; Otherwise jump to step 3.2;
3.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, get step-size in search Δ U left
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
mi-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k
3.3 at U
kThe close position sampling is calculated
If
Jump to step 3.4, otherwise jump to step 3.5;
3.4 make U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 3.3;
3.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
Mi-1, I
Mi-1);
3.6 calculate the MPP photovoltaic array output power P of place
Mi-1=U
Mi-1I
Mi-1
4, search for overall MPP---search for MPP to the right
4.1 judgement MPP (I
mi, U
mi) right side MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1) whether known, if jump to step 5.1; Otherwise jump to step 4.2;
4.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, get step-size in search Δ U to the right
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
mi+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k
4.3 at U
kThe close position sampling is calculated
If
Jump to step 4.4, otherwise jump to step 4.5;
4.4 make U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 4.3;
4.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m makes U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
Mi+1, I
Mi+1);
4.6 calculate the MPP photovoltaic array output power P of place
Mi+1=U
Mi+1I
Mi+1
5, search for overall MPP---differentiate MPP (I
mi, U
mi) whether be overall MPP
If 5.1 P
miP
Mi+1, jump to step 5.3, otherwise jump to step 5.2
5.2 with MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1), with MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 4.1;
If 5.3 P
miP
Mi-1, jump to step 5.5, otherwise jump to step 5.4
5.4 with MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1), with MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 3.1;
5.5 MPP (I
mi, U
mi) be overall MPP, jump to step 6.1;
6, photovoltaic array operational process Real-Time Monitoring
6.1 photovoltaic array runs on overall MPP (U
mi, I
, mi), adopt traditional MPPT method to keep photovoltaic array at (U
mi, I
mi) real-time tracing MPP between the location, continue simultaneously the variation of perception service condition,
6.2 if the photovoltaic array service condition is constant, jump to step 6.1; Otherwise restart multimodal MPPT algorithm.
When the sunshine that receives when photovoltaic array was uniformity, its characteristics of output power was unimodal, and the present invention will trace into rapidly U when system initialization
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
scCorresponding, subsequently from this point search overall situation MPP value.When being subject to complicated local shade and affecting, the present invention follows the tracks of U on current photovoltaic array P-U curve again
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
scCorresponding, and from this point, utilize traditional MPPT method to seek the MPP on this mountain peak; Consider that in addition than in the small probability situation, this mountain peak is local MPP, therefore, has increased the search step of left and right sides MPP, greater than the contiguous MPP value in its left and right sides, think namely that this mountain peak MPP is overall MPP when the MPP on this mountain peak value.In search procedure, the selection of step-size in search and the direction of search has taken into full account photovoltaic array multimodal characteristic, can not only accelerate MPPT speed like this, avoids being stranded in local MPP; And follow the tracks of in control procedure at this, the fluctuating range of photovoltaic generating system output power can obviously not amplified by the MPPT method, the excessive power swing of having avoided the whole scan method to bring.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, when the P-U of photovoltaic array characteristic presents the multi-peak phenomenon because of illumination condition localized variation or indivedual photovoltaic module failure and other reasons, can accurately trace into the global maximum power point of photovoltaic array, thus the relatively high power loss of avoiding the photovoltaic generating system long-time running to cause at local power peaking's point; Can not cause in the maximal power tracing process that simultaneously photovoltaic generating system power produces extra wide fluctuations because of the MPPT method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic array multimodal MPPT control strategy process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is global maximum power point tracing process schematic diagram in embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.In embodiment, the control flow chart of MPPT as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
1, parameter setting
Photovoltaic array open-circuit voltage U under the shadow-free condition is set
oc, short-circuit current I
sc, maximum power point voltage U
max, array serial number m and number n in parallel;
2, between location, primary election overall situation MPP mountain peak
2.1 according to U
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
sc, seek the working point (I on the I-U family curve under new service condition
k, U
k);
2.2 adopt the MPPT algorithm (climbing method, conductance increment method etc.) under traditional shadow-free condition, job search point (I
k, U
k) MPP (I on mountain peak, place
mi, U
mi), and calculate corresponding photovoltaic array output power P
mi=U
miI
mi
2.3 calculate the MPP power P
mi=U
miI
mi
3, search for overall MPP---search for MPP left
3.1 judgement MPP (I
mi, U
mi) left side MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1) whether known, if jump to step 4.1; Otherwise jump to step 3.2;
3.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, get step-size in search Δ U left
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
mi-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k
3.3 at U
kThe close position sampling is calculated
If
Jump to step 3.4, otherwise jump to step 3.5;
3.4 make U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 3.3;
3.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
Mi-1, I
Mi-1);
3.6 calculate the MPP photovoltaic array output power P of place
Mi-1=U
Mi-1I
Mi-1
4, search for overall MPP---search for MPP to the right
4.1 judgement MPP (I
mi, U
mi) right side MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1) whether known, if jump to step 5.1; Otherwise jump to step 4.2;
4.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, get step-size in search Δ U to the right
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
mi+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k
4.3 at U
kThe close position sampling is calculated
If
Jump to step 4.4, otherwise jump to step 4.5;
4.4 make U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 4.3;
4.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m makes U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
Mi+1, I
Mi+1);
4.6 calculate the MPP photovoltaic array output power P of place
Mi+1=U
Mi+1I
Mi+1
5, search for overall MPP---differentiate MPP (I
mi, U
mi) whether be overall MPP
If 5.1 P
miP
Mi+1, jump to step 5.3, otherwise jump to step 5.2
5.2 with MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1), with MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 4.1;
If 5.3 P
miP
Mi-1, jump to step 5.5, otherwise jump to step 5.4
5.4 with MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1), with MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 3.1;
5.5 MPP (I
mi, U
mi) be overall MPP, jump to step 6.1;
6, photovoltaic array operational process Real-Time Monitoring
6.1 photovoltaic array runs on overall MPP (U
mi, I
, mi), adopt traditional MPPT method to keep photovoltaic array at (U
mi, I
mi) real-time tracing MPP between the location, continue simultaneously the variation of perception service condition,
6.2 if the photovoltaic array service condition is constant, jump to step 6.1; Otherwise restart multimodal MPPT algorithm.
Adopt 2 kinds of illumination conditions in the present embodiment, be respectively shadow-free and shade is arranged, the output I-U characteristic of corresponding photovoltaic array and P-U characteristic are as shown in Figure 2.The signal that photovoltaic array MPPT control method under above-mentioned local shade condition produces can be used as the PWM modulation signal of DC-DC transducer in the actual light photovoltaic generating system or inverter, controls the operating point of photovoltaic array.The below will contrast accompanying drawing 2 and introduce in detail when local shade occurs, and the present invention follows the tracks of the process of global maximum power point.
(1) during shadow-free, the P-U family curve of photovoltaic array presents unimodal value, and maximum power point is at the A point.The MPPT strategy according to the present invention, photovoltaic array can stable operation in the A point.
(2) when local shade occurs, the P-U family curve of photovoltaic array presents multi-peak phenomenon (have 6 peak values in the present embodiment, wherein global maximum power point is at the D point).Moment appears in shade, and the terminal voltage U of photovoltaic array is by the long disturbance of traditional MPPT method small step, and operating point to putting B, starts MPPT strategy of the present invention by an A saltus step at once.
(3) the present invention searches on the I-U curve under the shade condition and satisfies U
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
scThe C point.Then traditional MPPT method begins to search for the vertex point D on this mountain peak from the C point, and in most of situation, the D point is exactly overall MPP.
(4) consider some in particular cases, the D point may be positioned at overall MPP adjacent domain, therefore further searches for the MPP point of the D point left and right sides---some E and some F.
(5) in the implementation case, some E and MPP value corresponding to some F be all less than MPP value corresponding to a D, therefore finally locks the D point and be the overall MPP under current shade condition.After this photovoltaic array runs on the D point, and continues to detect the variation of service condition.
As mentioned above; just can realize preferably the present invention, above-described embodiment is only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, is not to limit practical range of the present invention; be that all equalizations of doing according to content of the present invention change and modify, all contained by claim of the present invention scope required for protection.
Claims (1)
1. the interval locking means of photovoltaic array peak power, MPPT step-size in search and orientation determination method, comprise the steps:
Step 1, parameter setting
Photovoltaic array open-circuit voltage U under the shadow-free condition is set
oc, short-circuit current I
sc, maximum power point voltage U
max, array serial number m and number n in parallel;
Between step 2, location, primary election overall situation MPP mountain peak
2.1 according to U
k/ I
k≈ U
oc/ I
sc, seek the working point (I on the I-U family curve under new service condition
k, U
k);
2.2 adopt the MPPT algorithm (climbing method, conductance increment method etc.) under traditional shadow-free condition, job search point (I
k, U
k) MPP (I on mountain peak, place
mi, U
mi), and calculate corresponding photovoltaic array output power P
mi=U
miI
mi
2.3 calculate the MPP power P
mi=U
miI
mi
Step 3, search for overall MPP---search for MPP left
3.1 judgement MPP (I
mi, U
mi) left side MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1) whether known, if jump to step 4.1; Otherwise jump to step 3.2;
3.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, get step-size in search Δ U left
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
mi-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k
3.3 at U
kThe close position sampling is calculated
If
Jump to step 3.4, otherwise jump to step 3.5;
3.4 make U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 3.3;
3.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
k-Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
Mi-1, I
Mi-1);
3.6 calculate the MPP photovoltaic array output power P of place
Mi-1=U
Mi-1I
Mi-1
Step 4, search for overall MPP---search for MPP to the right
4.1 judgement MPP (I
mi, U
mi) right side MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1) whether known, if jump to step 5.1; Otherwise jump to step 4.2;
4.2 from MPP (I
mi, U
mi) set out, the contiguous MPP of search, get step-size in search Δ U to the right
k=(0.5 ~ 0.8) U
max/ m makes U
k=U
mi+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k
4.3 at U
kThe close position sampling is calculated
If
Jump to step 4.4, otherwise jump to step 4.5;
4.4 make U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adjusting photovoltaic array operating point to output end voltage is U
k, repeating step 4.3;
4.5 get step-size in search Δ U
k=(0.01 ~ 0.5) U
max/ m makes U
k+1=U
k+ Δ U
k, adopt traditional MPPT (climbing method, conductance increment method, Variable Step Algorithm etc.) to follow the tracks of the MPP (U on mountain peak, place
Mi+1, I
Mi+1);
4.6 calculate the MPP photovoltaic array output power P of place
Mi+1=U
Mi+1I
Mi+1
Step 5, search for overall MPP---differentiate MPP (I
mi, U
mi) whether be overall MPP
If 5.1 P
miP
Mi+1, jump to step 5.3, otherwise jump to step 5.2
5.2 with MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1), with MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 4.1;
If 5.3 P
miP
Mi-1, jump to step 5.5, otherwise jump to step 5.4
5.4 with MPP (U
mi, I
mi) alternative MPP (U
Mi+1, I
Mi+1), with MPP (U
Mi-1, I
Mi-1) alternative MPP (U
mi, I
mi), jump to step 3.1;
5.5 MPP (I
mi, U
mi) be overall MPP, jump to step 6.1;
Step 6, photovoltaic array operational process Real-Time Monitoring
6.1 photovoltaic array runs on overall MPP (U
mi, I
, mi), adopt traditional MPPT method to keep photovoltaic array at (U
mi, I
mi) real-time tracing MPP between the location, continue simultaneously the variation of perception service condition,
6.2 if the photovoltaic array service condition is constant, jump to step 6.1; Otherwise restart multimodal MPPT algorithm.
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| CN103592992A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-19 | 国家电网公司 | System and method for rapid optimizing of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under shadow condition |
| CN103712685A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-04-09 | 浙江工业大学 | Photovoltaic array irradiance measurement identification method |
| CN103995560A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-20 | 东南大学 | Photovoltaic array multi-peak maximum power point tracking method |
| CN104362977A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-18 | 国家电网公司 | Photovoltaic inverter two-peak dynamic/static MPP tracking efficiency test method |
| CN104965559A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-07 | 四川蜀旺科技有限公司 | Brand-new photovoltaic grid-connected inverter multi-wave-crest MPPT algorithm |
| CN105242742A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-01-13 | 国家电网公司 | Monopole type photovoltaic power generation system maximum power tracking method based on monkey algorithm |
| CN105259972A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-01-20 | 河海大学 | Multi-peak photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking algorithm based on jump strategy |
| CN105938381A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-14 | 华中科技大学 | Method for tracking maximum power point of photovoltaic cell on basis of fuzzy probability |
| CN106774606A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of global MPPT method and apparatus under uneven illumination is even |
| CN106919215A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-07-04 | 西交利物浦大学 | A kind of multi-peak maximum electric power tracking based on power increment method |
| CN108037792A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-05-15 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of multi-peak MPPT algorithm |
| CN108693915A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-10-23 | 东北电力大学 | The firefly innovatory algorithm that maximum photovoltaic power point tracks under local shades |
| CN109062314A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-21 | 天津大学 | Improvement cuckoo photovoltaic global maximum power method for tracing under the conditions of the masking of part |
| CN113178894A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-07-27 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic inverter and MPP scanning control method thereof |
| CN114510111A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-17 | 北京华能新锐控制技术有限公司 | Global MPPT control method and device for partial sun-shading photovoltaic array |
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