CN103592992B - The quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array and method under a kind of shadowed condition - Google Patents
The quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array and method under a kind of shadowed condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under a kind of shadowed condition, is characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic cell group and MPPT controller; Its method of work comprises: 1. data encasement; 2. in program initialization; 3. shade covers judgement; 4. duty cycle adjustment; 5. maximum power point is found; Its superiority is: the voltage that can find rapidly global maximum power place, can accelerate search speed and precision, can realize the quick optimizing of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under shadowed condition without the need to adding assembly in addition.
Description
(1) technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of photovoltaic power generation, particularly propose the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array and method under a kind of shadowed condition.
(2) background technology:
Solar electrical energy generation as a kind of emerging green energy resource, with never exhausted, pollution-free, not by the advantage such as region restriction, applied just rapidly.Solar photovoltaic generation system utilizes one or more photovoltaic module series/parallel to convert solar energy into direct current energy, then is converted into various forms of electric energy for load through converters.But photovoltaic array is easily subject to the impact of the shade (local shades) that Adjacent Buildings, trees, cloud layer and photovoltaic panel surface dirt etc. produce, the output characteristics of photovoltaic array is changed, P-V curve is no longer simple unimodal curve, but containing multiple local peak-peak.The output characteristic curve of multimodal.The output power of photovoltaic array entirety is caused to reduce on the one hand, control to produce interference to MPPT maximum power point tracking on the other hand, make general conventional maximal power tracing (MPPT) algorithm, as disturbance observation, incremental conductance method etc. will likely lose efficacy in this case, working point is made to converge on certain power extreme point, instead of the maximum point of power, thus the energy of photovoltaic array is not fully utilized, system effectiveness will reduce greatly.And photovoltaic panel occurring partial occlusion problem is, battery performance reduces, and also can cause mismatch problem.
(3) summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned existing Problems existing and deficiency, provide the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array and method under a kind of shadowed condition, can the photovoltaic module of peak power optimizing under a kind of shading condition, this will significantly provide the maximum power output of photovoltaic module, improves the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic parallel in system.
Technical scheme of the present invention: the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under a kind of shadowed condition, is characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic cell group and MPPT controller; Wherein, described MPPT controller comprises A/D modular converter, A/D control module, optimizing MPPT module, PWM module, bridge-drive module and DC/DC module; Described A/D modular converter input end gathers the voltage and current data of photovoltaic cell component, and its output terminal connects the input end of A/D control module; The input end of described MPPT module connects the output terminal of A/D control module, and its output terminal is connected with the input end of PWM module; The input end of described bridge-drive module connects the output terminal of PWM module, and its output terminal connects the DC/DC module of output voltage signal.
Described A/D modular converter is 8 ADC analog/digital converter chips.
Described DC/DC module is traditional BOOST circuit.
Described PWM module band driving circuit, and driving circuit is made up of SG3524 chip.
A method of work for the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under shadowed condition, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. data encasement: store the open-circuit voltage U of photovoltaic battery panel when shadow-free covers
oCAwith short-circuit current I
sCA, above data also can inquire from photovoltaic battery panel service manual, and calculate the slope of open-circuit voltage on short-circuit current ratio, are designated as k
a;
2., when program initialization, setting converter current dutycycle D, gathers the maximum power point operating voltage U of photovoltaic array when homogeneous illumination shadow-free by A/D modular converter
max, working current I
max; Gather voltage and current U (k) of current photovoltaic array, I (k), calculate Δ I=|I
max-I (k) |; Setting detects photovoltaic array current break threshold k 1, if Δ I < is K
1, then photovoltaic array does not receive shade and covers, and adopts classic method to find maximum power point; If Δ I > is K
1, then there occurs shade and cover situation;
3., when shade occurring and covering situation, the first auxiliary judgment voltage is calculated
wherein I
s1represent as solar cell working point voltage U=U
maxtime corresponding working current; According to similar triangles rule, when can show that shade covers, the voltage of photovoltaic panel maximum power point must between U
s1and U
maxbetween;
4. adjust converter circuit duty cycle of switching, make photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to U
s1, work as I
s2=I (k+1)=U (k+1) × k
awhen=0, note U
s2=U (k+1), wherein U
s2be the second auxiliary judgment voltage, U (k+1) is present operating point voltage;
5. dutycycle is adjusted until find U
s2time, power points Pk=U (k) * I (k) maximum during recording voltage change; Under shadowed condition, the influence factor affecting cell panel power stage mainly contains shade distribution area, dash area light intensity magnitude and shade arrangement mode; The average influence of on average above-mentioned three conditions is carried out, if shadow factor is by shadow factor
if m>1, when can judge that shade covers, the voltage at photovoltaic panel maximum power point place must between U
s2and U
maxbetween, otherwise the voltage at battery maximum power point place must between U
s1and U
s2between;
If 6. shadow factor m>1, then adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point from U=U (k), if m<1, then continue to regulate dutycycle, make operating voltage towards U
s1mobile, if judge, Δ I > K1 meets this condition, then continue adjustment dutycycle and make U (k) close to U
s1; If do not meet, conductance increment method can be adopted to find maximum power point from current working point U=U (k), finally, U (k) assignment determining have chosen be carried out next step calculating to U*;
7. the initial value using U* as variable step conductance increment method, with the step-length of Δ U=0.1V-0.5V, disturbance is carried out to U*, measure output current I (k) of cell panel, calculate dU=U (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dP=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If the dU that 8. 7. step calculates is 0, then can judge that dI's is positive and negative, if dI is greater than 0, then voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, then judge that dI/dU+I/U's is positive and negative, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, then voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U.
Described step 1. in the shadow-free condition of covering be light intensity be 1000W/m
2, temperature is the environment under 25 degrees celsius.
Principle of work of the present invention: employing variable step conductance increment method is the tracking speed in order to accelerate conductance increment method, to adding a coefficient d P/dU before step delta U, its mechanism of action is when away from maximum power point, and P-V rate of curve dP/dU is larger, step-length is also comparatively large, and search speed is faster; Close along with maximum power point, P-V slope of a curve dP/dU reduces, and step-length also reduces gradually, and search precision is higher.
The present invention carries the photovoltaic module of MPPT controller, comprises 8 ADC chips, A/D control module, optimizing MPPT module, PWM module, bridge-drive module and DC/DC module; The input end of described 8 ADC chips gathers the voltage and current value of photovoltaic cell group; Described A/D control module controls the sampling of 8 ADC chips to described voltage and current data, and is input in optimizing MPPT module by the voltage and current value obtained of sampling; Without when shading, described optimizing MPPT module calculates the voltage and current value of input, adopts traditional incremental conductance method to track the magnitude of voltage of power maximum point, and then controls PWM output waveform dutycycle in PWM module.Have when shading, described optimizing MPPT module regulates dutycycle by control PWM, block sampling output voltage, and searches out approximate global maximum power point, then adopt incremental conductance method to track the magnitude of voltage of power maximum point again at this electrical voltage point place, make assembly operating in maximum power point place.Described PWM module is by the ON time of the switch in bridge-drive module control DC/DC module, thus the step-up ratio of adjustment DC/DC.
Superiority of the present invention is: by the peak power optimization method improved, the voltage at global maximum power place can be found rapidly, adopting this voltage can accelerate search speed and precision as the variable step conductance increment method of initial value, the quick optimizing of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under shadowed condition can be realized without the need to adding assembly in addition; A/D modular converter is 8 ADC analog/digital converter chips; Realize the collection to solar cell panel voltages and current data.
(4) accompanying drawing illustrates:
The one-piece construction block diagram of the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under Fig. 1 a kind of shadowed condition involved by the present invention.
The principle process structural drawing of the quick optimization system course of work of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under Fig. 2 a kind of shadowed condition involved by the present invention.
(5) embodiment:
Embodiment: the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array (see Fig. 1) under a kind of shadowed condition, is characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic cell group and MPPT controller; Wherein, described MPPT controller comprises A/D modular converter, A/D control module, optimizing MPPT module, PWM module, bridge-drive module and DC/DC module; Described A/D modular converter input end gathers the voltage and current data of photovoltaic cell component, and its output terminal connects the input end of A/D control module; The input end of described MPPT module connects the output terminal of A/D control module, and its output terminal is connected with the input end of PWM module; The input end of described bridge-drive module connects the output terminal of PWM module, and its output terminal connects the DC/DC module of output voltage signal.
Described A/D modular converter is 8 ADC analog/digital converter chips.
Described DC/DC module is traditional BOOST circuit.
Described PWM module band driving circuit, and driving circuit is made up of SG3524 chip.
The method of work (see Fig. 2) of the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under a kind of shadowed condition, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. data encasement: store the open-circuit voltage U of photovoltaic battery panel when shadow-free covers
oCAwith short-circuit current I
sCA, above data also can inquire from photovoltaic battery panel service manual, and calculate the slope of open-circuit voltage on short-circuit current ratio, are designated as k
a;
2., when program initialization, setting converter current dutycycle D, gathers the maximum power point operating voltage U of photovoltaic array when homogeneous illumination shadow-free by A/D modular converter
max, working current I
max; Gather voltage and current U (k) of current photovoltaic array, I (k), calculate Δ I=|I
max-I (k) |; Setting detects photovoltaic array current break threshold k 1, if Δ I < is K
1, then photovoltaic array does not receive shade and covers, and adopts classic method to find maximum power point; If Δ I > is K
1, then there occurs shade and cover situation;
3., when shade occurring and covering situation, the first auxiliary judgment voltage is calculated
wherein I
s1represent as solar cell working point voltage U=U
maxtime corresponding working current; According to similar triangles rule, when can show that shade covers, the voltage of photovoltaic panel maximum power point must between U
s1and U
maxbetween;
4. adjust converter circuit duty cycle of switching, make photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to U
s1, work as I
s2=I (k+1)=U (k+1) × k
awhen=0, note U
s2=U (k+1), wherein U
s2be the second auxiliary judgment voltage, U (k+1) is present operating point voltage;
5. dutycycle is adjusted until find U
s2time, power points Pk=U (k) * I (k) maximum during recording voltage change; Under shadowed condition, the influence factor affecting cell panel power stage mainly contains shade distribution area, dash area light intensity magnitude and shade arrangement mode; The average influence of on average above-mentioned three conditions is carried out, if shadow factor is by shadow factor
if m>1, when can judge that shade covers, the voltage at photovoltaic panel maximum power point place must between U
s2and U
maxbetween, otherwise the voltage at battery maximum power point place must between U
s1and U
s2between;
If 6. shadow factor m>1, then adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point from U=U (k), if m<1, then continue to regulate dutycycle, make operating voltage towards U
s1mobile, if judge, Δ I > K1 meets this condition, then continue adjustment dutycycle and make U (k) close to U
s1; If do not meet, conductance increment method can be adopted to find maximum power point from current working point U=U (k), finally, U (k) assignment determining have chosen be carried out next step calculating to U*;
7. the initial value using U* as variable step conductance increment method, with the step-length of Δ U=0.1V-0.5V, disturbance is carried out to U*, measure output current I (k) of cell panel, calculate dU=U (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dP=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If the dU that 8. 7. step calculates is 0, then can judge that dI's is positive and negative, if dI is greater than 0, then voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, then judge that dI/dU+I/U's is positive and negative, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, then voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U.
Described step 1. in the shadow-free condition of covering be light intensity be 1000W/m
2, temperature is the environment under 25 degrees celsius.
For 30kw photovoltaic array, its open-circuit voltage is 820V, short-circuit current 49.3A, and the situation of shading is that irradiation is respectively 1000W/m
2and 500W/m
2;
1. data preparation stage, obtains k
a=16.63, initial to array scanning Δ I < K
1, then illustrate that photovoltaic cell has part to be blocked as met;
2. the first auxiliary judgment voltage Us1=400V is found by present current value Is1=24A, and regulate dutycycle D that output voltage is moved to it until find the second auxiliary judgment voltage Us2=500V, calculate output power P (k)=U (k) * I (k), by comparing size with output power P (k-1)=U (k-1) * I (k-1) of last time, the magnitude of voltage of output power larger part be assigned to U*;
3. computational shadowgraph Coefficient m=3.2>1, when known shade covers, the voltage at photovoltaic panel maximum power point place must between Us2 and U
maxbetween, then before, the maximum power point of record is approximate maximum power point;
4. using the U*=695V returned as the initial value of conductance increment method, step-length adopts Δ U=0.5V, measure output current I (k) of cell panel, calculate du=u (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dp=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If 5. dU is 0, judge that dI's is positive and negative, if dI is greater than 0, then voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, then judge that dI/dU+I/U's is positive and negative, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, then voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U;
6. algorithm terminates, and returns u=688.6v, and the output power at this magnitude of voltage place is the peak power output under current shading condition.
Claims (6)
1. the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under shadowed condition, is characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic cell group and MPPT controller; Wherein, described MPPT controller comprises A/D modular converter, A/D control module, optimizing MPPT module, PWM module, bridge-drive module and DC/DC module; Described A/D modular converter input end gathers the voltage and current data of photovoltaic cell group, and its output terminal connects the input end of A/D control module; The input end of described MPPT module connects the output terminal of A/D control module, and its output terminal is connected with the input end of PWM module; The input end of described bridge-drive module connects the output terminal of PWM module, and its output terminal connects the DC/DC module of output voltage signal;
The method of work of the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under described shadowed condition, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. data encasement: store the open-circuit voltage U of photovoltaic cell group when shadow-free covers
oCAwith short-circuit current I
sCA, above data also can inquire from photovoltaic cell group service manual, and calculate the slope of open-circuit voltage on short-circuit current ratio, are designated as k
a;
2., when program initialization, setting DC/DC module switch dutycycle D, gathers the maximum power point operating voltage U of photovoltaic array when homogeneous illumination shadow-free by A/D modular converter
max, working current I
max; Gather voltage and current U (k) of current photovoltaic array, I (k), calculate Δ I=|I
max-I (k) |; Setting detects photovoltaic array current break threshold k 1, if Δ I < is K1, then photovoltaic array is not subject to shade and covers, and adopts classic method to find maximum power point; If Δ I > is K1, then there occurs shade and cover situation;
3., when shade occurring and covering situation, the first auxiliary judgment voltage is calculated
wherein I
s1represent as solar cell working point voltage U=U
maxtime corresponding working current; According to similar triangles rule, when can show that shade covers, the voltage of photovoltaic electric battery maximum power point must between U
s1and U
maxbetween;
4. adjust DC/DC module switch dutycycle, make photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to U
s1, work as I
s2=I (k+1)=U (k+1) × k
awhen=0, note U
s2=U (k+1), wherein U
s2be the second auxiliary judgment voltage, U (k+1) is present operating point voltage;
5. dutycycle is adjusted until find U
s2time, power points Pk=U (k) * I (k) maximum during recording voltage change; Under shadowed condition, the influence factor affecting photovoltaic cell group power stage mainly contains shade distribution area, dash area light intensity magnitude and shade arrangement mode; The average influence of on average above-mentioned three conditions is carried out, if shadow factor is by shadow factor
if m>1, when can judge that shade covers, the voltage at photovoltaic electric battery maximum power point place must between U
s2and U
maxbetween, otherwise the voltage at battery maximum power point place must between U
s1and U
s2between;
If 6. shadow factor m>1, then adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point from U=U (k), if m<1, then continue to regulate dutycycle, make operating voltage towards U
s1mobile, judge Δ I > K1, if meet this condition, then continue adjustment dutycycle and make U (k) close to U
s1; If do not meet, conductance increment method can be adopted to find maximum power point from current working point U=U (k), finally, U (k) assignment determining have chosen be carried out next step calculating to U*;
7. the initial value using U* as variable step conductance increment method, with the step-length of Δ U=0.1V-0.5V, disturbance is carried out to U*, measure output current I (k) of photovoltaic cell group, calculate dU=U (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dP=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If the dU that 8. 7. step calculates is 0, then can judge that dI's is positive and negative, if dI is greater than 0, then voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, then judge that dI/dU+I/U's is positive and negative, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, then voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U.
2. the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under a kind of shadowed condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that described A/D modular converter is 8 ADC analog/digital converter chips.
3. the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under a kind of shadowed condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that described DC/DC module is traditional BOOST circuit.
4. the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under a kind of shadowed condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described PWM module band driving circuit, and driving circuit is made up of SG3524 chip.
5. the method for work of the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under shadowed condition, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. data encasement: store the open-circuit voltage U of photovoltaic battery panel when shadow-free covers
oCAwith short-circuit current I
sCA, above data also can inquire from photovoltaic battery panel service manual, and calculate the slope of open-circuit voltage on short-circuit current ratio, are designated as k
a;
2., when program initialization, setting converter circuit duty cycle of switching D, gathers the maximum power point operating voltage U of photovoltaic array when homogeneous illumination shadow-free by A/D modular converter
max, working current I
max; Gather voltage and current U (k) of current photovoltaic array, I (k), calculate Δ I=|I
max-I (k) |; Setting detects photovoltaic array current break threshold k 1, if Δ I < is K1, then photovoltaic array is not subject to shade and covers, and adopts classic method to find maximum power point; If Δ I > is K1, then there occurs shade and cover situation;
3., when shade occurring and covering situation, the first auxiliary judgment voltage is calculated
wherein I
s1represent as solar cell working point voltage U=U
maxtime corresponding working current; According to similar triangles rule, when can show that shade covers, the voltage of photovoltaic battery panel maximum power point must between U
s1and U
maxbetween;
4. adjust converter circuit duty cycle of switching, make photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to U
s1, work as I
s2=I (k+1)=U (k+1) × k
awhen=0, note U
s2=U (k+1), wherein U
s2be the second auxiliary judgment voltage, U (k+1) is present operating point voltage;
5. dutycycle is adjusted until find U
s2time, power points Pk=U (k) * I (k) maximum during recording voltage change; Under shadowed condition, the influence factor affecting photovoltaic battery panel power stage mainly contains shade distribution area, dash area light intensity magnitude and shade arrangement mode; The average influence of on average above-mentioned three conditions is carried out, if shadow factor is by shadow factor
if m>1, when can judge that shade covers, the voltage at photovoltaic battery panel maximum power point place must between U
s2and U
maxbetween, otherwise the voltage at battery maximum power point place must between U
s1and U
s2between;
If 6. shadow factor m>1, then adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point from U=U (k), if m<1, then continue to regulate dutycycle, make operating voltage towards U
s1mobile, judge Δ I > K1, if meet this condition, then continue adjustment dutycycle and make U (k) close to U
s1; If do not meet, conductance increment method can be adopted to find maximum power point from current working point U=U (k), finally, U (k) assignment determining have chosen be carried out next step calculating to U*;
7. the initial value using U* as variable step conductance increment method, with the step-length of Δ U=0.1V-0.5V, disturbance is carried out to U*, measure output current I (k) of photovoltaic battery panel, calculate dU=U (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dP=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If the dU that 8. 7. step calculates is 0, then can judge that dI's is positive and negative, if dI is greater than 0, then voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, then judge that dI/dU+I/U's is positive and negative, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, then voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U.
6. the method for work of the quick optimization system of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under a kind of shadowed condition according to claim 5, is characterized in that situation that the shadow-free during described step 1. covers be light intensity is 1000W/m
2, temperature is the environment under 25 degrees celsius.
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| CN104238622B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-04-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | Based on the output power acquisition methods of photovoltaic array under local shadow current characteristics |
| CN105242740B (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-01-18 | 福州大学 | Maximum power point tracking control method under partial shadow |
| CN105068591B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2016-08-24 | 宁波大学 | Maximum power point tracing method under a kind of photovoltaic array partial occlusion |
| CN105676941B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Maximum power point tracking system and method under a kind of photovoltaic array local shades |
| CN105739595B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-06-16 | 河海大学 | Maximum power point tracking device and method under photovoltaic generating system local shades |
| CN106647921B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-12-01 | 南通大学 | Mitigate the improvement MPPT algorithm that local shades influence on photovoltaic system |
| CN107704012B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-09-13 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter maximum power tracking method under a kind of non-uniform irradiation |
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