CN212542359U - 一种支撑基座 - Google Patents

一种支撑基座 Download PDF

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CN212542359U
CN212542359U CN201890001476.9U CN201890001476U CN212542359U CN 212542359 U CN212542359 U CN 212542359U CN 201890001476 U CN201890001476 U CN 201890001476U CN 212542359 U CN212542359 U CN 212542359U
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resistive layer
electrical terminals
layers
resistive
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凯文·帕塔斯恩斯基
斯坦顿·霍普金斯·布雷特洛
穆罕默德·诺斯拉蒂
凯文·史密斯
布里塔尼·菲利普斯
肯恩·艾姆斯
帕特里克·马尔加维
库尔特·英格兰
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Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
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    • H01L23/485Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body consisting of layered constructions comprising conductive layers and insulating layers, e.g. planar contacts
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Abstract

提供一种支撑基座,其包括衬底,衬底具有限定第一组区的顶部电阻层和限定第二组区的底部电阻层。第一组区和第二组区的每个区联接到多个电端子中的至少两个电端子,并且电端子的总数量小于或等于第一组区和第二组区的总数量。

Description

一种支撑基座
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年11月21日提交的,标题为“Multi-Zone Ceramic Pedestal”的美国临时申请62/589,023的优先权和权益,其内容通过引用整体并入到本文中。
技术领域
本公开总体涉及半导体加工设备,更特别地涉及衬底支撑基座,用于支撑和加热其上的衬底,例如晶片。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅提供与本公开相关的背景信息,并且可能不构成现有技术。
用于半导体加工的晶片支撑组件(例如基座)布置在半导体加工室中,并且通常包括晶片支撑部分和固定到晶片支撑部分的中心区域的轴。晶片支撑部分可以包括用于生成热量的电阻加热元件和用于将电阻加热元件连接到外部电源的电端子。电端子布置在晶片支撑部分的中心区域附近并在轴中延伸。电阻加热元件设置在晶片支撑部分的中心区域的外部,并且通常由于在中心轴区域附近存在电端子而没有电阻加热元件。结果,通常在中心区域产生冷点,因此将中心区域的尺寸制成相对较小,以减小冷点的面积。
然而,中心区域的减小的尺寸限制了可设置在中心区域中的电端子的数量,并且因此限制了可独立控制的加热区的数量。由于将温度感测装置集成到基座和轴区域附近的冷区域中的复杂性,常规晶片支撑基座通常配置成仅提供一个或两个加热区。在有限的加热区的情况下,由于可能存在于半导体加工室中影响晶片支撑部分的局部温度的各种因素,不能在晶片支撑部分上提供预定的加热分布。
此外,中心区域减小的尺寸还限制了可用于监测晶片支撑部分的温度的温度传感器的数量。有限数量的温度传感器不能精确地监测晶片支撑部分的温度。因此,晶片支撑部分的电阻加热元件通常使用比率控制 (即开环)来操作。
实用新型内容
在一种形式中,本公开提供了一种支撑基座,其包括衬底,衬底具有限定第一组区的顶部电阻层和限定第二组区的底部电阻层。第一组区和第二组区的每个区在不同的平面上,并且联接到多个电端子中的至少两个电端子,并且电端子的总数量小于或等于第一组区和第二组区的总数量。
在一种变型中,多个电端子中的至少两个电端子布置在顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个的中心区域处。多个电端子可以是终端焊盘 (termination pad)的形式。
在另一变型中,第一组区和第二组区中的至少一个中的至少两个区连接到多个电端子中的同一电端子。
在另一变型中,支撑基座不包括过孔(via)和/或任何布线层。
在又一变型中,顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个具有双线加热器配置、用于将顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个连接到外部电源的矩阵布线配置、以及用于将顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个连接到外部电源的多级并联布线配置中的一个或多个。
在又一变型中,支撑基座还包括控制系统,该控制系统包括多个功率转换器,用于调节到顶部电阻层和底部电阻层的第一组区和第二组区的每个区的功率。
在另一形式中,提供了一种支撑基座,其包括具有第一表面和与第一表面相对的第二表面的衬底、布置在衬底的第一表面上的顶部电阻层、以及布置在衬底的第二表面上的底部电阻层。顶部电阻层和底部电阻层分别各自限定第一组区和第二组区。第一组区和第二组区的每个区联接到多个电端子中的至少两个电端子,并且电端子的数量小于或等于第一组区和第二组区的数量。
在一个变型中,支撑基座不包括过孔和/或任何布线层。
在另一变型中,第一组区和第二组区中的至少一个中的至少两个区连接到多个电端子中的同一电端子。
在又一变型中,顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个具有双线加热器配置、用于将顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个连接到外部电源的矩阵布线配置、以及用于将顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个连接到外部电源的多级并联布线配置中的一个或多个。
在又一变型中,支撑基座还包括控制系统,该控制系统包括多个功率转换器,用于调节到顶部电阻层和底部电阻层的第一组区和第二组区的每个区的功率。
在另一变型中,多个电端子中的至少两个电端子布置在顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个的中心区域处。
在又一形式中,提供了一种支撑构件,其包括具有至少两个区的顶部电阻层,以及布置在与顶部电阻层的平面不同的平面中的底部电阻层,底部电阻层具有至少两个区。主衬底布置在顶部电阻层和底部电阻层之间。多个电端子中的至少两个电端子布置在与顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个相同的平面上,并且顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的每个区联接到多个电端子中的至少两个电端子,并且电端子的数量小于或等于顶部电阻层和底部电阻层的区的总数量。
在一种变型中,支撑基座不包括过孔和/或任何布线层。
在另一变型中,顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个具有双线加热器配置、用于将顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个连接到外部电源的矩阵布线配置、以及用于将顶部电阻层和底部电阻层中的至少一个连接到外部电源的多级并联布线配置中的一个或多个。
从本文提供的描述中,进一步的应用领域将变得显而易见。应当理解,描述和具体示例仅用于说明目的,而非旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
从详细描述和附图中,将更完全地理解本公开,其中:
图1是根据本公开的教导构造的支撑基座的俯视图;
图2是图1的支撑基座的侧视图;
图3示出了根据本公开的教导的具有四个端接导线的六区加热器;
图4示出了根据本发明的教导的六区上部电阻加热层,其中这些区的端部在衬底的中心处连接;
图5示出了根据本发明的教导的四区底部电阻加热层,其中这些区的端部在衬底的中心处连接;
图6分别示出了图4和图5的上部和下部电阻加热层的俯视图;
图7示出了根据本公开的教导的在衬底中心处的导线到终端焊盘的连接;
图8是用于控制图1和图2的支撑基座的电阻层的布线结构的示意图;
图9是根据本公开的教导的具有功率转换器系统的控制系统的框图;
图10是根据本公开的教导的功率转换器系统的功率转换器的框图;以及
图11A、图11B、图11C和图11D示出了根据本公开的教导的基于不同输入条件的功率转换器的不同输出电压的波形;
在附图的几个视图中,相应的附图标记表示相应的部件。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的,并且不旨在限制本公开、应用或用途。
参考图1至图2,根据本公开的教导构造的多区加热器基座10可用于半导体加工室中,用于支撑和加热其上的加热靶标,例如晶片。多区基座10包括支撑构件12和附接到支撑构件12的中心区域15的管状轴 14。支撑构件12包括顶表面16和底表面18,顶表面16用于支撑其上的衬底,例如晶片(未示出),管状轴14附接到底表面18。多区基座10还包括多条电缆20,多个电缆容纳在管状轴14中,用于连接到嵌入在支撑构件12中的至少一个电气元件/层以及连接到外部电源。根据应用,该电气层可以是电阻加热层、温度传感器、用于静电吸盘(ESC)的电极、或射频(RF)天线等。虽然未示出在附图中,但该支撑构件12可以可选地限定气体导管,用以容纳吹扫气体,以及真空导管,以提供对该晶片的真空夹持。
当在不同的层上集成多于两个加热器时,布线层和通孔通常用于在基座的中心/轴区域中互连和端接加热器电路。然而,本公开的多区加热器基座10利用热阵列系统,该热阵列系统在不使用通孔或互连件的情况下结合具有闭环控制的多个加热区。热阵列系统将加热器设计与控制器合并,控制器将功率、电阻电压和电流结合可定制反馈控制系统中,可定制反馈控制系统在控制另一信号的同时限制这些参数中的任何或全部。热阵列系统的每个区包括电阻加热元件,电阻加热元件也可以用作温度传感器并且布置为多级并联电路,从而减少了导线的数量和系统的复杂性,这将在下面更详细地描述。关于这种热阵列系统的附加信息已经在申请人的美国专利9,196,513中公开,该专利标题为“System andMethod for Controlling a Thermal Array”,该专利与本申请共同拥有,并且其内容通过引用整体并入本文。
参照图3,示出了具有四个端接导线52a、52b、52c、52d的六区加热器50的配置,其中每个区51a、51b、51c、51d、51e和51f表示为电阻器。如图所示,给定的区51a、51b、51c、51d、51e、51f的至少一个端部53连接到与另一区51a、51b、51c、51d、51e、51f共享的导线52a、 52b、52c、52d。使用这种配置,用于连接到区的端部53的导线的数量从12减少到仅为4。此外,这种配置允许六区加热器50在相同的加热器平面表面中的中心区域中端接,从而消除了对布线层和/或过孔的需要。
参照图4至图7,多区基座包括顶部电阻加热层22、主板或衬底26、底部电阻加热层24、以及呈终端焊盘形式的多个电端子34'。一种形式的衬底26是陶瓷材料。顶部电阻加热层22具有六个加热区,其连接至四个电端子34',该电端子位于衬底26的中心。底部电阻加热层24具有四个加热区和五个电端子34″,其在衬底26的中心处连接。图6示出了顶部和底部加热层22、24的俯视图,以示出不同的区以及在衬底26的中心处的连接。
加热器的电阻材料可以是高TCR线圈、箔、厚膜或薄膜材料等。在一种形式中,加热器集成到中间陶瓷板中,该中间陶瓷板可以处于生坯、部分或完全烧结状态。该加热器板可以通过将坯料放置在顶部和底部上并通过扩散黏结或辅助热压烧结进行完全烧结来密封。在一种形式中,中心端接区域是机械加工的,并且引脚连接或铜焊到电端子中(图7)。在某些点,中心轴结合或烧结到陶瓷板组件中。用于操作和控制加热器的控制系统通过端接引脚与陶瓷基座集成,这将在下面更详细地描述。
多区加热器基座10改善了加热器的性能并简化了制造过程。具体地,本公开的多区陶瓷基座:(1)消除了对于布线层以及用于端接该区的互连件和通孔的需要;(2)由于电阻层也可用于确定温度,消除了对于每个区或加热器的单独的感测装置的需要;(3)通过移除布线层和过孔而简化了制造;(4)利用热阵列系统的闭环算法增强了陶瓷基座的性能;(5)由于消除了对于布线层和互连件的需要,提高了陶瓷基座的可靠性; (6)增加陶瓷基座的预期寿命;以及(7)降低了基座的成本。
因此,顶部电阻层22和底部电阻层24各自包括多个电阻加热元件 28,这些电阻加热元件是独立可控的并且限定多个加热区。应当理解,可采用任何数量的电阻加热元件28/区,而不脱离本发明的范围。此外,可以结合在与本申请同时提交并与本申请共同转让的,标题为“MULTI-ZONE PEDESTAL HEATER HAVING A ROUTING LAYER”的共同未决申请中公开的各种构造技术和基座配置,同时保持在本公开的范围内。
应当理解,多区基座不限于本文所公开的这种特定结构,除了大于两个的多个电阻层之外,还可以采用顶部电阻层22和底部电阻层24和附加层(例如,诸如结合层、介电层、感测层和保护层等的功能层),同时仍然保持在本公开的范围内。在一种示例中,支撑构件12还包括集成射频(RF)栅格层,该栅格层电连接至接地端子以补偿由加工室所施加的RF等离子体或磁场。可替代体,顶部和/或底部电阻层22、24是RF 栅格层。通常,RF栅格层用作天线,以引导由加工室施加的RF等离子体或磁场穿过接地端子,并且屏蔽和保护加热器和传感器装置。
现在参考图8,描述了用于控制具有多个加热区的上电阻层22和下电阻层24的控制系统。支撑构件12可以连接到控制系统,该控制系统通过使用自适应热系统(ATS)技术使用闭环控制来控制加热区,而不需要额外的传感器。该自适应热系统将加热器设计与控制系统相结合,以在简化系统集成的同时提供差异化的闭环控制。上电阻层22和下电阻层 24的电阻加热元件28包括具有相对较高的电阻温度系数(TCR)的材料,例如钼、钛、镍,使得上电阻层22和下电阻层24中的每一个还可以用作传感器,以基于电阻加热电路的电阻变化提供温度信息。
换句话说,电阻加热元件28的温度是经由具有相对较高的电阻温度系数的电阻加热元件28的电阻变化来推断的。因此,不需要额外的温度传感器,例如热电偶,从而简化了支撑基座10中的布线连接。使用电阻加热元件28而不是热电偶可以提供更好的温度反馈和对多个加热区的闭环控制,以降低在较高温度下陶瓷破裂的风险。下面更详细地描述这种“双线”配置的各种形式。
此外,将矩阵和多级并联(multi-parallel)布线布局与定制控制算法集成。如图8所示,电阻加热元件28和用于将电阻加热元件28连接到外部电源的布线被布置成使得每对导线60具有连接在它们之间的电阻加热元件28。这种布线布置已经在申请人的标题为“System and Method for Control a Thermal Array”的美国专利9,123,755及其相关专利/申请中描述,这些专利/申请与本申请共同转让,并且其内容通过引用整体并入本文。该布线布置允许所有电阻加热元件28的同时功率控制和温度感测,以在支撑构件12的某些区域处的温度变得太高并且超过阈值温度时保护支撑构件12的陶瓷材料免于断裂。此外,该控制方案允许使用较少的布线,并具有更好的控制,以实现多区基座10的更好的热性能。例如,在一种形式中,使用在此描述的布线布局结构可以连接的加热器的数量等于n(n-1)/2,其中n是布线的数量。因此,加热器/区的数量通常大于或等于导线60的数量。
在本公开的一种形式中,顶部电阻层22和底部电阻层24中的至少一个的电阻加热元件28用于生成热量和检测元件的温度。换句话说,电阻加热元件28是“双线”加热元件,使得它们用作加热器和温度传感器,其中仅有两条引线可操作地连接到加热元件而不是四条引线(例如,两条引线用于加热元件,两条引线用于独立的温度传感器)。例如在与本申请共同转让的美国专利7,196,295中公开了这种双线能力,该专利的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
通常,与第一引线和第二引线通信的控制系统配置成测量两条引线之间的电压变化。更具体地,控制系统测量引线两端的毫伏(mV)变化,然后使用这些电压变化来计算电阻加热元件28的平均温度。在一种形式中,控制系统可以测量电压变化而不中断到电阻加热元件28的电力。这可以通过例如在AC输入功率信号的过零处进行读取来实现。在另一种形式中,电力中断,并且控制系统从加热模式切换到测量模式以测量电压的变化。一旦确定了平均温度,控制系统切换回到加热模式。
即使将相同的功率供应施加到加热元件28,上电阻层22和/或下电阻层24的不同加热元件28也可能不以相同的速率加热。这可能由各种因素引起,例如加热元件28相对于散热器的位置以及加热区中的制造不均匀性。当在相邻加热区之间出现显著的温度差时,由于相邻加热区中的热膨胀的显著差异而引起的诱发热机械应力可能导致加热板的陶瓷衬底中的裂纹。为了解决这个问题,在本公开的一种形式中,控制系统包括具有一个或多个功率转换器的功率转换系统,该功率转换器用于调节施加到电阻层的功率。
参照图9,控制系统包括控制器200和包括多个功率转换器204的功率转换器系统202。一个或多个功率转换器204连接到支撑基座206的电阻层的加热元件。每个功率转换器204可操作以将来自电源208的输入电压(VIN)调节至施加至加热元件的输出电压(VOUT),其中输出电压小于或等于输入电压。
参考图10,给定的功率转换器204包括驱动器电路232和具有控制开关236的降压转换器(buck converter)234,控制开关236为场效晶体管。驱动器电路232基于来自控制器200的输入信号操作控制开关236。
通常,降压转换器234作为降压电压转换器,可操作以降低来自电源208的电压。具体地,来自电源208的AC电压(例如208VAC)被整流为DC电压,该DC电压然后由降压转换器234接收。基于控制开关236 的操作,降压转换器234降低来自电源208的电压并增加电流,并且将调节的电压和电流施加到相应的加热元件。控制开关的导通率 (conduction rate)控制输出电压的幅度,使得控制开关的低导通率输出低幅度输出电压,并且控制开关的高传导率输出高幅度输出电压。为了减小电压纹波,将由电容器或电容器和电感器的组合制成的滤波器添加到降压转换器234的输出和/或输入。关于功率转换系统的附加信息已经在申请人的共同未决申请中公开,该申请为美国序列号15/624,060,提交于2017年6月15日,标题为“Power Converter for a Thermal System”,其与本申请共同拥有,并且其内容通过引用整体并入本文。
控制器200包括电子器件,该电子器件包括微处理器和存储器,并且配置成控制由功率转换器系统202供应给电阻加热元件的功率。控制器200操作功率转换器系统202以基于来自基座的加热元件的反馈数据和预存储的控制算法和/或过程来调节施加到加热器元件的电压。反馈信息包括电阻、负载电流和/或电压中的至少一个。负载电流和/或电压可以由传感器电路238检测。
在本公开的一种形式中,使用缩放因子缩放来自电源208的输入电压,例如在美国专利7,257,464和8,423,193中所公开的,其与本申请共同转让,并且其内容通过引用整体并入本文。可以基于预设的用户值来缩放输入电压。预设用户值是最大电压输出电平和最大功率输出电平之一,或者通常可以是电流、电压或瓦数。在缩放电压和向加热器提供功率的同时测量电流。该缩放包括逐渐的斜升(ramp-up)以在斜升期间检测加热器特性。
在本公开的又一种形式中,控制器200基于来自传感器电路238的数据和加热元件的操作状态,例如加热器类型、开路加热器、短路加热器、启动、预热、稳定状态和/或加热器温度,确定给定功率转换器204 的期望输出电压。在该示例中,控制器配置为操作功率转换器以基于加热器的加热元件的温度来调节电压,使得来自给定功率转换器的功率匹配相应加热元件的温度变化。在另一种形式中,控制器以选定的占空比切换控制开关,其中占空比基于加热元件的操作模式确定。例如,图11A 至图11D分别示出了在启动模式、预热模式、稳态模式和扰动时向加热器的一个或多个加热元件提供功率的功率转换器的输出电压波形。如图所示,施加到加热元件的电压波形是不同的。电压根据加热元件的电阻、流过加热元件的电流和加热元件的温度而变化。在温度相对较低时的启动和预热期间,电压具有相对较小的幅度,因此瓦数相对较低。在稳态和扰动/浪涌期间,当温度相对高时,电压的幅度增加,导致更高的瓦数。关于这种控制方案的附加信息已经在申请人的共同未决的美国临时申请中公开,该临时申请的序列号为62/543,457,提交于2017年8月10日,标题为“Systemand Method for Controlling Power to a Heater”,该临时申请与本申请共同拥有,并且其内容通过引用整体并入本文。
通过具有功率转换器系统202,控制系统改变到加热元件的功率,以用于加热元件并且因此加热器的精确和更安全的控制。例如,可以向一个或多个加热元件供应较低的功率以最小化峰值电流,或者可以在加热的早期阶段和关闭期间提供较低的功率以防止加热板的衬底中的热裂纹。控制器200控制功率转换器系统202以输出不同的电压,并且因此控制各个加热区的温度。因此,控制系统调整不同区之间的温度差以在基座的整个加热器中提供均匀的温度。
应注意,本公开不限于作为示例描述和说明的各种形式。已经描述了多种修改,并且更多的修改是本领域技术人员的知识的一部分。这些和进一步的修改以及技术等效物的任何替换可以被添加到说明书和附图,而不脱离本公开和本专利的保护范围。

Claims (15)

1.一种支撑基座,其特征在于,包括:
衬底,其具有限定第一组区的顶部电阻层和限定第二组区的底部电阻层,
其中,所述第一组区和所述第二组区中的每个区联接到多个电端子中的至少两个电端子,并且电端子的总数量小于或等于所述第一组区和所述第二组区的总数量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述支撑基座不包括任何过孔。
3.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述支撑基座不包括任何布线层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述多个电端子中的至少两个电端子布置在所述第一电阻层和所述第二电阻层中的至少一个的中心区域处。
5.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述多个电端子是终端焊盘。
6.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述第一组区和所述第二组区中的至少一个中的至少两个区连接到所述多个电端子中的同一电端子。
7.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述顶部电阻层和所述底部电阻层中的至少一个具有双线加热器配置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述顶部电阻层和所述底部电阻层中的至少一个具有矩阵布线配置和多级并联布线配置中的一种,所述矩阵布线配置用于将所述顶部电阻层和所述底部电阻层中的所述至少一个连接到外部电源,所述多级并联布线配置用于将所述顶部电阻层和所述底部电阻层中的所述至少一个连接到外部电源。
9.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,还包括控制系统,所述控制系统包括多个功率转换器,用于调节到所述顶部电阻层和所述底部电阻层的所述第一组区和所述第二组区中的每个区的功率。
10.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述顶部电阻层布置在所述衬底的第一表面上,并且所述底部电阻层布置在所述衬底的与所述第一表面相对的第二表面上。
11.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述多个电端子中的至少两个电端子布置在与所述顶部电阻层和所述底部电阻层中的至少一个相同的平面上。
12.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述顶部电阻层具有六个区和四个电端子,并且所述底部电阻层具有四个区和五个电端子。
13.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,还包括至少一个附加功能层。
14.根据权利要求13所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述至少一个附加功能层是RF栅格层。
15.根据权利要求1所述的支撑基座,其特征在于,所述电端子布置在所述衬底的中心。
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