CN212268856U

CN212268856U - Automatic feeding system for kitchen waste

Info

Publication number: CN212268856U
Application number: CN201922444022.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张太平; 王昭月; 喻乔; 郝莺飞; 李彦培
Original assignee: Guangzhou Yilufeng Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd; South China University of Technology SCUT
Current assignee: Guangzhou Yilufeng Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd; South China University of Technology SCUT
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2021-01-01
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kitchen garbage's automatic feed system, including the auxiliary material storehouse, be equipped with constant feeder below the auxiliary material storehouse, the constant feeder discharge side is equipped with ejection of compact track, constant feeder is connected with a PLC control system, PLC control system is connected with host computer, moisture sensor and pressure sensor. The utility model discloses a moisture sensor and pressure sensor will survey data access PLC control system to according to the requirement of material kind, total material amount and later stage biological treatment moisture content, CN value, calculate the auxiliary material addition, make the quantitative feed of constant feeder, such simple structure, the operation is accurate, can save a large amount of manpower and materials, reduces the cost of manufacture.

Description

Automatic feeding system for kitchen waste

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a kitchen garbage handles technical field, in particular to kitchen garbage's automatic feed system.

Background

The kitchen waste generally refers to raw materials and finished products or residues required in the daily diet, such as perishable waste like leftovers, fruit peels, eggshells, etc. In recent years, with the increasing living standard of people and the increase of population in China, the yield of the kitchen waste shows a remarkable growth trend. It is mainly composed of starch, cellulose, protein, lipid and other organic matters and inorganic salt, and has the characteristics of high water content (up to 80-95%), high salt content, easy decay, odor generation, more nutrient substances and the like. In 2018, the amount of kitchen garbage produced in China reaches 1.022 hundred million tons, the daily average waste yield is 28 ten thousand tons, and the daily output per capita is about 0.20 kg.

The kitchen waste contains more organic components and water, so the kitchen waste is easy to react with microorganisms to cause rottenness and deterioration, and the longer the storage time is, the more serious the rottenness is. Particularly in summer, the decay and deterioration of the artificial wetland are accelerated due to over-high temperature, and a large amount of leachate and odor are easy to breed, so that the artificial wetland brings harm to the environment and the sanitation. Secondly, meat protein and animal fat substances contained in the kitchen waste mainly come from livestock and poultry providing meat food, and after the livestock directly eat food waste which is not effectively treated, the livestock easily generates a 'similar stage', so that the potential risk of homologous protein pollution is brought; as well as cross-infection of diseases between humans and animals, endangering human health, and possibly promoting the spread of certain fatal diseases, thereby causing large-scale infection of the disease. Therefore, how to treat the kitchen garbage in a recycling, harmless and reducing way becomes a problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.

At present, a sound kitchen waste treatment management system is not established, and a corresponding management policy and a proper treatment technology are lacked. The traditional treatment mode of the kitchen waste mainly comprises incineration and landfill, and the incineration treatment is adopted, so that harmful gas is easily generated, and the landfill mode easily causes soil and underground water pollution. The most common treatment mode is to mix the domestic garbage into the domestic garbage and directly mix the domestic garbage for landfill or directly transport the domestic garbage to a farm for pig feeding, so that the difficulty of domestic garbage treatment is increased, and a large amount of available resources are wasted. With the improvement of knowledge on kitchen waste, classification and individual treatment of kitchen waste are gradually realized, landfill treatment methods are eliminated, and resource treatment replaces the traditional treatment methods, wherein composting, feed treatment and energy treatment are receiving more attention.

The aerobic composting generally requires that the initial water content is optimized to be between 40% and 60%, and the void ratio is more than 40%; organic content > 30%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 20-35: 1, excessive ammonia loss can be caused by too low carbon-nitrogen ratio, and the temperature rise is not suitable (the low efficiency of N energy metabolism); the C/N is too high, the cell synthesis is delayed, the degradation is incomplete, and the finished product enters the soil and then nitrogen starvation occurs to compete for soil nutrients. The initial composition of the composting material is critical to the composting process and the quality of the compost product. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the initial raw materials in the kitchen waste is generally higher than the optimal value, and regulators such as nitrogen fertilizer aqueous solution, excrement, sludge and the like are usually added to be regulated to be below 30. Therefore, the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry breeding waste are subjected to combined treatment to produce the organic fertilizer or the soil conditioner, the method is an innovative idea for realizing the resource utilization of the waste, and has obvious advantages and potentials.

Compared with the traditional landfill treatment, the cost for treating the kitchen waste by breeding the hermetia illucens, the yellow mealworms and the like is low, and the economic benefit is high. The black soldier fly is a saprophytic soldier fly, can eat livestock and poultry excrement and domestic garbage, has the characteristics of rapid propagation, large biomass, wide feeding property, high absorption and conversion rate, easy management, low feeding cost and good animal palatability, and is harmless to human, livestock, animals and plants. The life cycle of the hermetia illucens is 40-45 days, and 4 stages of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults are needed. The 10 days after the hermetia illucens are just hatched into larvae from eggs is the period with the strongest capability of treating the kitchen waste, and the larvae grow into pupae, mate and lay eggs after the pupae are broken, and then survive for about several days and die. The kitchen waste is crushed and then mixed with bran, sawdust, straw powder and the like, and the water content is adjusted to be about 70-86%. In the process of eating the garbage, the hermetia illucens can change 80% of the kitchen garbage into self high-quality insect protein and 20% of the kitchen garbage into nutrient-rich insect manure organic fertilizer through the biotransformation of the hermetia illucens and kinetic energy consumption.

By analyzing and monitoring main components and water contents of kitchen waste and other agricultural and forestry wastes, researching and developing a composting and material preparing system, optimizing and intelligently adjusting and controlling conditions such as initial water content, porosity, organic matter content, carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and the like required by aerobic fast composting or insect feed in feeding; constructing a co-substrate synergistic fermentation or insect treatment system by using kitchen waste rich in carbohydrate and lipid and agricultural and forestry wastes such as livestock, poultry, excrement and the like rich in nitrogen and phosphorus according to a metabolism synergistic theory to produce a humic soil fertilizer with a soil conditioning function and a fertilizing function; the adoption of the biological filter bed in combination with the ecological soil purification technology, the realization of aspects such as odor pollution control in the whole fermentation process at low cost and the like are all aspects which are urgently needed to be researched, developed and perfected in the technical route and process for treating kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry waste in China at present. The kitchen waste is filtered and crushed, and then auxiliary materials such as bran, sawdust and straw powder need to be added to be mixed to prepare the feed of the hermetia illucens, the existing auxiliary materials are all added manually, so that the addition amount is not accurately mastered, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed, and the manufacturing cost is increased.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide a kitchen garbage's automatic feed system, solved kitchen garbage and added the problem that the auxiliary material is not accurate enough, need a large amount of manpower and materials and with high costs.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme does:

the automatic feeding system for kitchen waste comprises an auxiliary bin, wherein a quantitative feeder is arranged below the auxiliary bin, a discharging rail is arranged on the discharging side of the quantitative feeder, the quantitative feeder is connected with a PLC control system, and the PLC control system is connected with an upper computer, a moisture sensor and a pressure sensor.

Further, the PLC control system is connected with the constant feeder through a frequency converter.

Furthermore, the PLC control system is also connected with an audible and visual alarm.

Furthermore, be equipped with screw propeller below the ejection of compact track, screw propeller one end be equipped with ejection of compact track discharge end matched with material entry, the screw propeller other end is equipped with the material export.

Furthermore, a material sensor connected with the PLC control system is arranged on one side of the material inlet.

By adopting the technical scheme, the detection data is accessed into the PLC control system through the moisture sensor and the pressure sensor, and the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is calculated according to the material type, the total material amount and the requirements of the water content and the C/N value of the later-stage biological treatment, so that the quantitative feeding of the constant feeder is realized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is the utility model relates to a kitchen garbage's automatic feed system's planar structure schematic diagram.

Figures and their description:

1. an auxiliary material bin; 2. a constant feeder; 3. a material sensor; 4. a material outlet; 5. a screw propeller; 6. a material inlet; 7. a discharge rail; 8. a moisture sensor; 9 a pressure sensor; 10. a PLC control system; 11. a frequency converter; 12. an upper computer; 13. an audible and visual alarm.

Detailed Description

The following describes the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features related to the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Referring to fig. 1, the utility model provides a pair of kitchen garbage's automatic feed system, including auxiliary material storehouse 1, be equipped with constant feeder 2 below the auxiliary material storehouse 1, 2 discharge sides of constant feeder are equipped with ejection of compact track 7, constant feeder 2 is connected with a PLC control system 10, PLC control system 10 is connected with host computer 12, moisture sensor 8 and pressure sensor 9. The upper computer 12 is used for displaying various signal changes such as moisture, pressure and the like.

The auxiliary materials in the auxiliary material bin 1 comprise chaff, sawdust, straw crushed aggregates and the like, the materials are firstly mixed uniformly according to a certain proportion, the water content and the C/N value are preset, the materials are loaded into the auxiliary material bin 1, and the PLC control system 10 is used for controlling the constant feeder 2 to realize automatic metering and adding. The proper quantitative feeder 2 is selected to be connected into a system, the mechanical equipment is used for continuously weighing, metering and quantitatively conveying solid bulk materials (such as blocks, particles and powder), is widely applied to the industries of cement, mines, building materials, grains, chemical engineering and the like, has advanced technology, stability, reliability, high cost performance and durability, and is an integrated system integrating conveying, weighing and metering and quantitative control. The constant feeder 2 is provided with a reliable variable frequency speed regulation technology, and runs at a wide belt, a thick material layer and a low speed, so that the metering precision is stable in operation and close to static. The dynamic metering precision is better than 1.0%; the static metering precision is better than 0.5 percent. The quantitative feeder 2 has high automatic quantitative regulation precision and wide regulation range (the regulation ratio is more than or equal to 20:1, and the belt speed is 5 cm/min-15 m/min). The linear speed regulation device still has good linear speed regulation performance at low speed, can greatly reduce the abrasion of the belt and avoid the damage of blocking of large materials.

The PLC control system 10 is connected with the constant feeder 2 through a frequency converter 11. The PLC control system 10 is also connected with an audible and visual alarm 13. This enables the alarm function to be implemented.

Be equipped with screw propeller 5 below ejection of compact track 7, screw propeller 5 one end be equipped with 7 discharge end matched with material entry 6 of ejection of compact track, the 5 other ends of screw propeller are equipped with material export 4. And a material sensor 3 connected with the PLC control system 10 is arranged on one side of the material inlet 6. Thus, the feeding of the quantitative feeder 2 and the feeding of the screw propeller 5 can be automatically controlled by induction.

To sum up, the utility model discloses a moisture sensor and pressure sensor will survey data access PLC control system to according to the requirement of material kind, total material volume and later stage biological treatment moisture content, CN value, the calculation auxiliary material addition makes the quantitative feed of constant feeder, such simple structure, the operation is accurate, can save a large amount of manpower and materials, reduces the cost of manufacture.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of the invention is to be accorded the full scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The automatic feeding system of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising an auxiliary bin, wherein a quantitative feeder is arranged below the auxiliary bin, a discharging rail is arranged on the discharging side of the quantitative feeder, the quantitative feeder is connected with a PLC control system, and the PLC control system is connected with an upper computer, a moisture sensor and a pressure sensor.

2. The automatic feeding system of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that said PLC control system is connected to said constant feeder through a frequency converter.

3. The automatic feeding system of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that said PLC control system is further connected with an audible and visual alarm.

4. The automatic feeding system for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that a screw propeller is arranged under said discharging track, one end of said screw propeller is provided with a material inlet matched with the discharging end of said discharging track, and the other end of said screw propeller is provided with a material outlet.

5. The automatic feeding system of kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that a material sensor connected with said PLC control system is provided at one side of said material inlet.