CN211521750U

CN211521750U - Ecological sinking bed for treating and in-situ repairing deeply polluted river channel

Info

Publication number: CN211521750U
Application number: CN201922062318.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴东雷; 袁家洛; 杜淑雯; 赵超越
Original assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Current assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date: 2019-11-21
Filing date: 2019-11-21
Publication date: 2020-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 2029-11-21

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ecological sinking bed and method for treating and in-situ repairing deeply polluted river channel, belonging to the field of environmental protection equipment. The ecological sinking bed comprises a frame main body, wherein the frame main body is divided into plant planting areas positioned on two sides and a filling area positioned in the middle; the plant planting area is used for planting aquatic plants, and the filling area is sequentially filled with zeolite, solidified microbial filler and three-dimensional elastic filler in a layered mode from bottom to top. The utility model discloses a characteristics are that the physical adsorption and the microbial degradation effect on combination filler and zeolite surface to and the purification performance of plants such as reed, multiple mode water purification body, and the design edge of a knife is used for cutting the reed, and it is big to solve the floating bed because of the velocity of rainwater, and sunshine insolate, easily receive the damage, and unfavorable condition such as withstand time weak point and prick the root because of the reed and lead to retrieving the problem of difficulty. The material of the ecological sinking bed of the utility model is nontoxic and harmless, not easy to damage, durable, convenient to recycle after finishing and reusable, and can not produce secondary pollution.

Description

Ecological sinking bed for treating and in-situ repairing deeply polluted river channel

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an environmental protection equipment field, concretely relates to be used for polluting ecological heavy bed that river course was handled and normal position is restoreed to the degree of depth.

Background

At present, most of water bodies in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in China cannot reach the five types of surface water standards, and the treatment of polluted water bodies becomes an urgent need for social and economic development and ecological environment construction. Aiming at river channel restoration, the traditional river channel dredging, sediment covering, water diversion and water replenishing restoration method has the problems of numerous and complicated projects, difficult operation, huge cost, repeated effects and the like.

The ecological bed is a common in-situ restoration technology for treating polluted river and lake water bodies, and has obvious effect in the processes of treating water body pollution and restoring an ecological system. The technology removes substances such as heavy metals in water by planting plants and depending on the absorption and adsorption of roots in the growth process of the plants, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the water and being widely applied at present. Compared with an ecological floating bed, the ecological sinking bed has stronger capability of resisting wind, rain and more urgent water flow, can be fixed at the bottom of a river channel, and is a stable river channel restoration method with low cost.

At present, aiming at heavy metal pollution of bottom mud of a river channel, the technical bottleneck of applying the ecological bed is plant selection. At present, the tolerance or the accumulation and absorption capacity of the commonly used plants for the heavy metals is insufficient, so that the suitable plants for the accumulation and absorption of the heavy metals are urgently needed to be searched.

Another problem with the use of ecological beds is the recovery of the apparatus. The plants used are rooted in the bottom mud of the river, so that the recovery is difficult. Therefore, a method for easily recovering the ecological sinking bed is urgently needed to be found at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at solving the defects of the prior art and providing an ecological sinking bed for strengthening heavy metal tolerance of reeds by AMF (arbuscular mycorrhiza). The ecological sinking bed uses zeolite, filler, solidified microorganisms and plants as raw materials, and purifies water by combining multiple modes of zeolite, filler surface microbial degradation and physical adsorption, aquatic plant purification function and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of treating both symptoms and root causes of the polluted water.

The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

an ecological sinking bed for treating and in-situ repairing a deeply polluted river comprises a frame main body, wherein the frame main body is divided into plant planting areas positioned on two sides and a filling area positioned in the middle;

the frame body of the plant planting area is internally provided with a grating, the whole area is divided into a plurality of planting grooves, the bottom of each planting groove is surrounded by a circle of skirt edge protruding towards the center, a paperboard is placed on the skirt edge to seal the bottom, and soil for planting plants is filled in the planting grooves; the top of each plant planting area is provided with a limiting strip along the edge of the area, the limiting strip keeps a distance with the top surface of the lower frame main body, and the limiting strip and the top surface of the lower frame main body form a sliding groove for the blade to enter and slide on the upper surface of the plant planting area;

the bottom of the filling area is provided with a supporting grid, and zeolite, a solidified microbial filler and a three-dimensional elastic filler are sequentially filled in the filling area from bottom to top in a layered manner; the zeolite and the solidified microbial filler are both arranged in the mesh bag, and the particle diameters of the zeolite and the solidified microbial filler are both larger than the mesh diameter of the mesh bag; the end part of the three-dimensional elastic filler is fixed on the frame main body.

Preferably, handles for lifting and carrying are arranged on two sides of the ecological sinking bed.

Preferably, hinges are arranged on two sides of the frame main body, and the plurality of ecological sinking beds are connected in series through the hinges.

Preferably, the carrier for curing the microbial filler is ceramsite.

Preferably, the zeolite is clinoptilolite. Clinoptilolite is nontoxic and harmless, and has strong adsorption capacity.

Preferably, the plants planted in the planting grooves are reed.

Preferably, the frame body is made of PVC material.

Preferably, the paperboard is 3-ply B corrugated paper.

Preferably, the two ends of the blade are provided with knife handles, and the cutting edge of the blade is horizontally arranged when the blade slides in the sliding groove.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model following beneficial effect has:

(1) the utility model provides a notion of ecological mattress, the symbiotic system of establishing plant, solidification microorganism, filler and zeolite can have the effect of intensive purification.

(2) Plants are planted in the areas on both sides of the frame. The bottom of the device is provided with a grating which is provided with a protruding skirt edge, and a paper board is arranged on the grating and is used for placing soil which is used for transplanting plants. In the initial stage of plant transplantation, the root system is pricked into the soil and the bottom is provided with the paper board, so that the root system is not easy to float and is beneficial to plant growth. The soil is clay with the water content of 55-65%, the clay has strong adhesiveness, plant root systems are easy to protect, the water content is low, and the paper board is not easy to corrode. The paper board is corroded and softened by river water after 2-3 days, and at the moment, the plant root system can easily break through the situation that the paper board enters bottom mud of a river channel to take root for growth. The material of cardboard is three-layer B corrugated paper, and hardness is moderate, and thickness is 1.5 ~ 3mm, and the structure is durable, and the material environmental protection is easily degraded, can not harm the river course environment.

(3) In the filler, the bottom layer is a zeolite layer filled in the mesh bag, so that the zeolite is convenient to recover and the zeolite effect is not influenced. The zeolite belongs to a porous inorganic material, has high mechanical strength, adsorbability, ion exchange property, catalysis and other properties, can absorb heavy metal ions in water, can generate trace oxygen at the same time, reduces the anaerobic state of a river bottom, and provides a good ecological environment for the growth of reeds.

(4) The filler is composed of flocculent filler, and two sections of the filler are fixed on the frame main body, so that an excellent attachment place is provided for curing microorganisms, and the film forming efficiency is improved, thereby improving the water body purification effect.

(5) The utility model discloses a reed that the adsorption pollutants ability is strong, the direct action is in the bottom mud that pollutant content is the highest, and it is clear and definite to administer the target, and the effect is showing. Furthermore, AMF can be adopted to infect the reed, a symbiotic system of the AMF and the reed is constructed, and the tolerance capacity of the reed to heavy metal is greatly enhanced. The system can be used for improving the river landscape, and simultaneously can be used for absorbing and accumulating heavy metals, treating polluted bottom mud and establishing a good ecological effect. Meanwhile, the reed has certain economic value and can be used for papermaking and artificial fiber.

(6) Whole bed body is located the water bottom, both can the compaction bed mud, prevents that the bottom suspension from releasing with endogenous pollution, has solved again ecological chinampa and has received the shortcoming that rivers impact and sunshine insolate fragile.

(7) The utility model discloses the spout is equipped with all around to the heavy bed bottom, installs mobilizable blade on the spout for reap the plant, the recovery of the framework of being convenient for, zeolite and filler.

(8) The utility model discloses there is semi-circular handle sinking bed both sides, the recovery of the framework of being convenient for, zeolite and pasture and water, and there is the hinge at the main part both ends for connection and fixed between the frame. The utility model discloses ecological bed that sinks's material is nontoxic harmless, and is not fragile, durable, is convenient for retrieve after the experiment and uses once more, can not produce secondary pollution, and the raw materials is with low costs, and the source is extensive, easily popularizes and implements.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ecological settling bed;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the ecological bed;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the ecological beds after they are connected in series;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the sliding grooves around the frame;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of bottom grids and skirts in two side areas of the ecological bed;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a multilayer composite structure of the middle region of the ecological bed.

Reference numbers in the figures: the device comprises a limiting strip 1, a frame body 2, a grating 3, a supporting grid 4, a handle 5, a sliding groove 6, a hinge 7, a blade 8, a knife handle 9, a plant 10, a skirt 11, a three-dimensional elastic filler 12, a solidified microorganism filler 13 and zeolite 14.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, it is an ecological sinking bed for treating and restoring deeply polluted river channels in situ according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The ecological mattress comprises a frame body 2, wherein the frame body 2 is divided into plant growing areas positioned on two sides and a filling area positioned in the middle. The two sides of the frame main body 1 are provided with semicircular handles 5, so that the whole sinking bed can be conveniently lifted and carried, and zeolite, filler and plants can be recovered. In addition, hinges 7 are arranged on two sides of the frame main body 2 and used for connecting and fixing adjacent main bodies to prevent the sinking bed from sliding in the sediment, as shown in figure 3. The frame body 2 is made of PVC material and is formed by one-time blowing. The PVC material has wide application and simple manufacture, and is suitable for large-scale manufacture.

As shown in fig. 4, the plant growing regions on both sides of the frame body 2 are provided with sliding grooves 6 for fixing the running direction of the blades 8, and the blades 8 are used for cutting plants, thereby facilitating the recovery of the device. In the present embodiment, the sliding groove 6 is formed by the position-limiting strip 1 arranged along the edge of each plant growing area at the top of the plant growing area. The limit strip 1 is arranged on the other three sides except the side connected with the middle filling area in the plant planting area, the limit strip 1 and the top surface of the lower frame body 2 keep a distance slightly larger than the thickness of the blade 8, and therefore the limit strip 1 and the lower frame body 2 form a sliding groove 6 for the blade 8 to enter and slide on the upper surface of the plant planting area. And the opening of the slide groove 6 is located at the side of the frame body 2. The two ends of the blade 8 are provided with a knife handle 9, and the cutting edge of the blade 8 is horizontally arranged and faces the root of the plant when sliding in the chute 6. Blade 8 can break away from spout 6 completely, when needs carried out the plant and reaps, puts into the opening of spout 6 with blade 8, and pulling sword handle 9 slides from the front along the direction that fig. 4 shows, can reap the plant, and convenient and fast is favorable to in the recovery of ecological heavy bed.

As shown in fig. 5, a grid-like grating 3 is provided in the frame body 2 of the plant growing area to divide the entire plant growing area into a plurality of growing grooves. The planting grooves are used for planting plants 10, but since the plants are planted depending on soil, but the grating 3 is through, a circle of skirt edges 11 protruding towards the center is required to surround the bottom of each planting groove. In the embodiment, each planting groove is a square with the side length of 15-25 cm, and the skirt edge 11 with the thickness of 1.5-2.5 mm and the width of 3-5 cm extends from the periphery of the bottom of the planting groove to the center. Place the cardboard on the shirt rim 11, the cardboard size slightly is less than plants groove cross section size, and thickness is 1.5 ~ 3mm, and the material is 3 layers of B corrugated paper, and hardness is medium, and the structure is durable. The cardboard forms a temporary closure at the bottom of the planting pots, whereby the cardboard of each planting pot is filled with soil, in which the plants 10 can be planted. In the initial stage of plant transplantation, the soil can prevent the plant root system from floating along with water flow, so as to ensure the plant growth. The cardboard is easy to soften after soaking in water for 2 ~ 3 days, and plant roots can break through the cardboard and go deep into river course bed mud, and the material environmental protection, can not pollute the river course environment.

As shown in fig. 6, the filling area in the middle of the frame body is used for placing fillers. The bottom of the filling area is provided with a supporting grid 4 for supporting the filler above. The filler is layered from top to bottom, and zeolite 14, solidified microbial filler 13 and three-dimensional elastic filler 12 are sequentially filled from bottom to top. The three-dimensional elastic filler 12 is a common flocculent filler having a large comparative area, and the ends thereof are bound to the frame body. In this example, clinoptilolite is used as zeolite 14. The filled zeolite 14 and the solidified microbial filler 13 are both in the form of particles, and therefore need to be filled into a mesh bag, and both have a particle size larger than the mesh diameter of the mesh bag. The tie strings of the mesh bag are tied to the supporting grid 4 at the bottom of the frame body for fixation. The solidified microbial filler 13 is a carrier filler capable of solidifying microbes in advance, and the carrier is ceramsite in this embodiment. The type of microorganism solidified in the solidified microorganism filler 13 is not particularly limited, so that the pollutant in the river can be adsorbed and degraded. Currently, a lot of commercial solidified microbial fillers (also called solidified microbes or microbe solidified carriers) exist, so that commercial products suitable for natural water bodies can be directly adopted. After the settling bed is placed in water flow, the solidified microbial filler 13 can release microbes, the microbes are adsorbed on the three-dimensional elastic filler 12 and the filled zeolite 14, meanwhile, the microbes in the bottom mud of the river channel are also adsorbed on the three-dimensional elastic filler 12 and the filled zeolite 14, the microbes quickly form a film and form a biological film, and the biological film contains a large amount of microbes. The microorganism is used for adsorbing and treating river pollutants and purifying a river ecological system.

The plants 10 planted in the planting tank can be any aquatic plants with strong adsorption and absorption effects on pollutants in water and bottom mud, such as reed, calamus and the like. In this example, plant 10 was selected as reed after enhancement by AMF infestation. The cultivation mode of the plant is that the plant is cultivated in 3-4 months every year, AMF microbial inoculum, reed seeds and sterilized vermiculite are cultivated together to obtain AMF reinforced reeds, the reeds are transplanted in 4 months, the plant height is about 25-40 cm, and the reeds are transplanted under the condition that the water temperature is 8-18 ℃. Soil used during transplanting is clay with the water content of 55-65%, has strong adhesiveness, is easy to protect plant roots, has low water content, and is not easy to corrode paperboards. Firstly, soil is placed on the paper board in the grid, and then the reeds are transplanted into the soil. And (5) harvesting the reeds in 7-8 months, and recovering the ecological settled bed. The reed root system can penetrate through the softened paper board and enter the bottom mud of the river channel, so that heavy metal pollutants in the water body and the bottom mud can be absorbed and reduced, and meanwhile, the plant photosynthesis releases O₂And enters the water body.

Therefore, in the ecological mattress, the AMF infection is combined with the reeds, so that the tolerance capacity of the reeds to heavy metal pollution can be effectively improved, and the reeds can absorb and accumulate heavy metals, thereby effectively removing the heavy metal pollutants in the bottom mud of the river channel and purifying the river channel ecology. A large amount of microorganisms on the clay layer and the biomembrane can effectively degrade organic pollutants in the water body and decompose to generate inorganic compounds such as nitrate and the like. The inorganic matters can be absorbed by plants for growth, and oxygen generated by the life activities of the plants improves dissolved oxygen in water, so that an aerobic nitrification environment is created for the microorganisms, the growth of the microorganisms is promoted, and a symbiotic relationship is formed.

The use method of the ecological sinking bed comprises the following steps:

sinking the ecological sinking beds at the river bottom, and connecting adjacent ecological sinking beds through hinges; during the growth process of the AMF reinforced reed planted in the matrix, the root of the AMF reinforced reed penetrates through the paper board and the grating at the bottom of the frame and is rooted in the bottom mud; the solidified microorganisms quickly release microorganisms and are adsorbed on the flocculent filler and the clinoptilolite; quickly forming a film on the flocculent filler and forming a biological film on the surface; microorganisms carried in the clay layer and the biological membrane can effectively degrade organic pollutants in the water body; absorbing and adsorbing heavy metal pollutants in water and bottom sediment by root systems and stem leaves of the reeds; after a period of time, inserting a blade into the chute, sliding the blade to cut the root of the reed, separating the upper part and the lower part of the reed, lifting the ecological sinking bed out of the water, replacing zeolite, filler and the like, and recovering the reed absorbing heavy metals.

Therefore, the ecological sinking bed can also provide a deep polluted river channel treatment and in-situ restoration method, which comprises the following steps:

1) in 3-4 months of each year, culturing AMF microbial inoculum, reed seeds and sterilized vermiculite together to obtain AMF-reinforced reeds, filling clay with the moisture content of 55-65% on a paperboard of a planting groove to serve as planting soil, and transplanting the AMF-reinforced reeds into the planting groove;

2) sinking the ecological settling beds on the river bottom sludge layer, and connecting the adjacent ecological settling beds through a hinge 7; during the growth of the AMF reinforced reed transplanted in the soil, the root of the reed passes through the soaked and softened paper board and is rooted in the bottom mud, heavy metal pollutants in the water body and the bottom mud are absorbed and reduced, and simultaneously, the plant photosynthesis releases O₂Entering a water body; the microorganism pre-cured in the cured microorganism filler 13 is quickly released and adsorbed on the three-dimensional elastic filler 12 and the zeolite 14, and forms a microorganism biofilm with a microorganism instrument in the bottom mud of the river channel on the surfaces of the three-dimensional elastic filler 12 and the zeolite 14; the microorganisms carried in the clay layer and the microorganism biofilm degrade organic pollutants in the water body and are inorganic after decompositionThe compound is absorbed by the reed for growth to form a symbiotic relationship;

3) and in 7-8 months, the blade 8 is inserted into the chute 6 and horizontally slides on the upper surface of the plant planting area, the reed is cut off and harvested at the root of the reed, the ecological bed is recovered, and the root system of the reed is retained in the sludge.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. An ecological sinking bed for treating and in-situ repairing a deeply polluted river channel is characterized by comprising a frame main body (2), wherein the frame main body (2) is divided into plant growing areas positioned on two sides and a filling area positioned in the middle;

a grating (3) is arranged in a frame main body (2) of the plant planting area, the whole area is divided into a plurality of planting grooves, a circle of skirt edge (11) protruding towards the center is arranged at the bottom of each planting groove in a surrounding mode, a paperboard is placed on each skirt edge (11) to serve as a closed bottom, and soil for planting plants (10) is filled in the planting grooves; the top of each plant planting area is provided with a limiting strip (1) along the edge of the area, the limiting strip (1) keeps a distance with the top surface of the lower frame main body (2), and the limiting strip (1) and the top surface of the lower frame main body form a sliding groove (6) for the blade (8) to enter and slide on the upper surface of the plant planting area;

the bottom of the filling area is provided with a bearing grid (4), and zeolite (14), a solidified microbial filler (13) and a three-dimensional elastic filler (12) are sequentially filled in the filling area from bottom to top in a layered manner; the zeolite (14) and the solidified microbial filler (13) are both arranged in the mesh bag, and the particle diameters of the zeolite and the solidified microbial filler are larger than the mesh diameter of the mesh bag; the end part of the three-dimensional elastic filler (12) is fixed on the frame main body (2).

2. The ecological sinking bed for treating and restoring the deeply polluted river channel according to claim 1, wherein handles (5) for lifting and carrying are arranged at two sides of the ecological sinking bed.

3. The ecological sunken bed for treating and in-situ restoring the deeply polluted river channel according to claim 1, wherein hinges (7) are arranged at two sides of the frame body (2), and a plurality of ecological sunken beds are connected in series through the hinges (7).

4. The ecological settled bed for treatment and in-situ remediation of deeply polluted river according to claim 1, wherein the carrier for the solidified microbial filler (13) is ceramsite.

5. The ecological bed according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite (14) is clinoptilolite.

6. The ecological mattress for treating and restoring deeply polluted river according to claim 1, wherein the plant (10) planted in the planting groove is reed.

7. The ecological sinking bed for treating and restoring deeply polluted river channels according to claim 1, wherein the frame body (2) is made of PVC material.

8. The ecological sinking bed for treating and in-situ restoring a deeply polluted river channel according to claim 1, wherein the paper board is 3 layers of B corrugated paper.

9. The ecological sinking bed for treating and restoring deeply polluted river according to claim 1, wherein the blade (8) is provided with a handle (9) at both ends, and the blade (8) has its edge laid flat when sliding in the chute (6).