CN211475942U

CN211475942U - Small and miniature domestic garbage gasification furnace

Info

Publication number: CN211475942U
Application number: CN201922369521.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈迪华; 邹娱; 冯威旗; 刘南渠; 邹辉
Original assignee: Yunnan Jingmei Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Yunnan Jingmei Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-26
Filing date: 2019-12-26
Publication date: 2020-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-26

Abstract

A small miniature domestic garbage gasification furnace, the burner hearth has gasification kettles, there are two combustion areas between outer wall of the gasification kettle and the inner wall of the burner hearth, the rubbish is heated, dried under the anaerobic atmosphere after entering the gasification kettle, and take place gasification reaction, produce the gasification gas; pyrolyzing the gasified garbage in a hearth in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere to generate pyrolysis flue gas; the gasified gas and the pyrolysis flue gas are combusted again in a secondary combustion area of the oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and a part of heat generated by garbage pyrolysis and secondary combustion is absorbed by the garbage in the gasification kettle to maintain the gasification reaction. The gasification furnace is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and can more accurately control and manage working parameters of different links of gasification and incineration of garbage, so that the adaptability of the incineration furnace to the garbage is improved, the content of harmful pollutants in the discharged flue gas is reduced, and the treatment difficulty and the treatment cost of the flue gas are reduced.

Description

Small and miniature domestic garbage gasification furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a domestic waste innoxious, minimizing handles the field, especially relates to a small and miniature domestic waste gasifier.

Background

Incineration is a necessary development trend of domestic waste disposal.

For cities with large population scales, the method for generating power by burning the domestic garbage after the domestic garbage is concentrated is a better choice for realizing reduction, harmlessness and resource treatment of the domestic garbage. However, for vast rural areas, large-scale centralized incineration power generation is difficult to realize for the rural areas because the garbage is relatively dispersed, and the transportation links are more and the transportation distance is long when the garbage is centralized in a large range. In view of the above, a new concept has been developed in domestic in recent years, which is to collect domestic garbage in a small area in a country, burn the domestic garbage in situ by using a small incinerator according to local conditions, treat the flue gas generated by the garbage incineration until the flue gas reaches the standard, and discharge the flue gas. The idea has the advantages of low investment and operation cost, low requirement on skills of operators and the like, and accords with the social and economic development level of vast rural areas in China at the present stage.

According to the incineration process, small-sized domestic garbage incinerators are generally classified into a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace: the former is that the garbage is directly combined with air (oxygen) and then is combusted (pyrolyzed) in a hearth in an oxygen-rich atmosphere and under the help of auxiliary fuel if necessary, and the mode has the characteristics of large garbage treatment capacity, relatively simple equipment, more complex smoke components, difficult treatment, high treatment cost and the like; the latter is to heat the rubbish under the oxygen deficiency or oxygen-free atmosphere, promote plastics, rubber, etc. in the rubbish to burn directly and produce the component gasification of a large amount of harmful substances easily then burn deeply, carry on the secondary combustion after supplementing the air with the flue gas, the rubbish handling capacity of this way is relatively small, the apparatus is relatively complicated, but the harmful substance concentration of dioxin in the flue gas is relatively lower, the flue gas is treated relatively easily and the treatment cost is lower.

The gasification and deep burning of the traditional gasification incinerator are carried out in the same hearth, and compared with municipal domestic garbage, the domestic garbage in rural areas is lower in classification degree and more complex in components, and physical parameters such as water content, rotting degree and heat value are greatly changed under the influence of factors such as weather and seasons, the air-fuel ratio is not easy to control, the hearth flow field is unstable, the gasification is not thorough, or the gasification and the burning are carried out simultaneously, even the garbage cannot be gasified to enter a burning state immediately under certain conditions, so that the gasification gas components are unstable easily, the combustion in a secondary combustion chamber is unstable, the emission is deteriorated, and the ash burning reduction rate is high easily caused.

Therefore, the small-sized domestic garbage gasification furnace with the controllable process is developed, links such as gasification, pyrolysis and the like can be controlled more accurately, the operation stability of the gasification furnace and the adaptability to garbage are further improved, the total generation amount of harmful substances in the garbage incineration process can be reduced, and the small-sized domestic garbage gasification furnace is significant for disposal of rural domestic garbage.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses to the problem that present small-size domestic waste gasification burns burning furnace exists, a gasification, burn the subregion deeply, divide the little miniature domestic waste gasifier that the chamber goes on, this kind of gasifier goes on the gasification link and the pyrolysis link of rubbish in two cavities respectively, can control the air-fuel ratio (oxygen concentration) of each cavity more accurately, optimize the working parameter of each link, thereby be favorable to improving the adaptability of burning furnace to rubbish, reduce the content of harmful pollutant in the flue gas of coming out of the stove, and then reach the processing degree of difficulty and the treatment cost that reduce the flue gas.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide: a small and miniature domestic garbage gasification furnace comprises a furnace body with a cavity inside, wherein a fire grate, a smoke collecting pipe, a secondary gas supply system and a feeding system are arranged inside the furnace body; a gasification kettle is arranged in the hearth, a discharge door is arranged below the gasification kettle, an outlet of the feeding system is positioned in the gasification kettle, and an annular secondary combustion area is reserved between the outer side wall of the gasification kettle and the inner side of the hearth; the secondary gas supply system is communicated with the secondary combustion area, and the smoke collecting pipe is respectively communicated with the secondary combustion area and the smoke exhaust pipe.

Furthermore, the discharge doors are two oppositely-opened doors, and the doors structurally comprise a rotating shaft and a certain number of discharge gates arranged on the rotating shaft; one end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the side wall of the gasification kettle, the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body, and at least one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the furnace.

Furthermore, an access door is arranged at the top of the gasification kettle and is directly communicated outside the furnace.

Furthermore, a locking valve is arranged on the feeding system.

Furthermore, the secondary air supply system comprises an annular pipe, the annular pipe is arranged inside the furnace body and is communicated with the annular pipe to form a secondary air inlet pipe, and the secondary air inlet pipe penetrates through the outer wall of the furnace body to the outside of the furnace body; and the annular pipe is provided with an air supply hole leading to the second combustion area.

Furthermore, the secondary air supply system is structurally characterized by comprising an annular pipe, wherein the annular pipe is arranged outside the furnace body, a secondary air inlet pipe and a plurality of manifolds are arranged on the annular pipe, the secondary air inlet pipe is communicated with the annular pipe, the manifolds penetrate through the side wall of the furnace body and extend into the secondary combustion area, and air supply holes leading to the secondary combustion area are formed in the manifolds.

By adopting the structure, when the system works, the air locking valve on the feeding system is opened, the fresh garbage enters the gasification kettle under the action of the feeding system, after the garbage filling in the gasification kettle is completed, the air locking valve is closed, and the gas can not pass through the air locking valve, so that no oxygen flows into the gasification kettle. Heating and drying the garbage in a gasification kettle and carrying out gasification reaction to generate combustible gasification gas with higher heat value; gasified gas downwards penetrates through a grid discharge gap of the discharge gate, flows out of the gasification kettle and enters a hearth;

after the gasification reaction of the garbage is finished, opening a discharge door, discharging the garbage from a gasification kettle to a hearth through a falling channel, contacting with primary air which penetrates through a grate upwards after entering an ash cavity, and burning on the grate, namely entering a pyrolysis link (or called as a deep burning link) until combustible components are burnt out to form ash slag, and finally discharging the ash slag out of the furnace after the ash slag enters the ash cavity from a gap of the grate; in the pyrolysis process, the garbage is in an oxygen-poor atmosphere, the combustion is insufficient, and deep combustion flue gas containing more combustible components such as carbon monoxide can be generated;

the combustible harmful substances in the flue gas are oxidized and decomposed to release heat, and the temperature of the flue gas is further raised to form flue gas of the second combustion; the secondary flue gas rises along the space between the outer wall of the gasification kettle and the inner wall of the hearth, enters the smoke collecting pipe, is finally discharged out of the furnace body from the smoke discharge pipe, and enters the flue gas treatment system;

partial heat in the pyrolysis flue gas and the secondary flue gas is prevented from being transmitted into the gasification kettle through the discharge door and the gasification kettle respectively and is absorbed by garbage in the gasification kettle, so that the garbage gasification reaction is maintained, and the circular operation of the incinerator is realized.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned structure lies in:

firstly, the drying and gasification link, the pyrolysis link and the secondary combustion link of the garbage are separated and relatively independent areas, and the process control can be more accurately carried out on each reaction link, so that the comprehensive incineration effect can be improved, and the advantages of gasification incineration can be better exerted;

secondly, the gasification kettle has a good drying effect on the garbage, so that the incinerator has better adaptability to the garbage with higher water content, the application range of the incinerator to the garbage is increased to be wider, and the situation that the ground surface faces the components and the heat value of the household garbage are unstable can be better;

thirdly, the garbage can be in an oxygen-free atmosphere in the drying and gasification process, and the garbage can be better prevented from being mixed with a pyrolysis process in the gasification process, so that the gasification reaction is purer, the generation amount of gasified gas is more stable, namely, the combustion reaction of the flue gas in the secondary combustion area is more stable, and the harmful pollutants in the flue gas discharged from the furnace, especially the concentration of dioxin, and the flue gas treatment load and cost are favorably reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a small-sized domestic garbage gasification furnace according to the present invention;

3 FIG. 3 2 3 is 3 a 3 sectional 3 view 3 taken 3 along 3 line 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 3 1 3, 3 with 3 the 3 discharge 3 gate 3 in 3 a 3 closed 3 position 3; 3

3 FIG. 3 3 3 is 3 a 3 sectional 3 view 3 taken 3 along 3 line 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 3 1 3, 3 with 3 the 3 discharge 3 gate 3 in 3 an 3 open 3 position 3; 3

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at I, showing a first embodiment of a secondary air supply system;

FIG. 5 is a second embodiment of a secondary air supply system;

wherein, the correspondence between the reference numbers and the part names in fig. 1 to 5 is:

1-feeding system 2-furnace body 3-secondary combustion zone

4-gasification kettle 5-hearth 6-pyrolysis garbage

7-fire grate 8-primary air 9-ash cavity

10-discharge gate 11-pyrolysis flue gas 12-gasification gas

13-secondary air supply system 14-heat 15-gasified garbage

16-secondary flue gas 17-smoke exhaust pipe 18-smoke collecting pipe

19-access door 20-lock valve 21-rotating shaft

22-grid 23-air supply hole 24-ring pipe

25-secondary air inlet pipe 26-secondary air 27-manifold

28-drop shaft

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The first embodiment is as follows:

a small miniature domestic garbage gasification furnace, refer to the attached figures 1-4, including the furnace body 2, the inside of the said furnace body 2 has fire grates 7, the said fire grate 7 divides the inner chamber part of the furnace body 2 into upper and lower two parts, the upper portion is the burner hearth 5, the inferior part is the ash cavity 9; the upper part of the furnace body 2 is provided with a feeding system 1 with a locking valve 20 and a smoke exhaust pipe 17, a gasification kettle 4 is arranged in the hearth 5, the outlet of the feeding system 1 is positioned in the gasification kettle 4, and the top of the gasification kettle 4 is provided with an access door 19 which can be communicated with the outside of the furnace; an annular airflow channel, namely a secondary combustion area 3, is reserved between the outer side wall of the gasification kettle 4 and the inner side of the hearth 5, and a discharge door 10 is arranged at the bottom; the lower part of the secondary combustion area 3 is provided with a secondary air supply system 13, the upper part is provided with a smoke collecting pipe 18, and the smoke collecting pipe 18 is respectively communicated with the secondary combustion area 3 and a smoke exhaust pipe 17.

The access door 19 is in a normally closed state and is opened only during internal maintenance; the locking valve 1 is opened when feeding materials, namely garbage, into the incinerator, and is closed in the rest time period.

The structure of the secondary air supply system 13 can be combined with fig. 3 on the basis of fig. 1, and comprises an annular pipe 24, wherein the annular pipe 24 is arranged inside the furnace body 2, a secondary air inlet pipe 25 is arranged on the annular pipe 24, and the secondary air inlet pipe 25 penetrates through the outer wall of the furnace body 2 to the outside of the furnace and is communicated with the annular pipe 24; the annular pipe 24 is provided with an air supply hole 23 leading to the second combustion area 3; secondary air 26 may enter annular duct 24 from secondary air inlet duct 25 and enter secondary combustion zone 3 from air inlet apertures 23.

The structure of the discharge gate 10 can be shown in fig. 2 and fig. 5 on the basis of fig. 1, and includes a rotating shaft 21 and a certain number of discharge gates 22 arranged on the rotating shaft 21; two ends of the rotating shaft 21 sequentially penetrate through the side wall of the gasification kettle 4 and the side wall of the furnace body 2 from inside to outside, are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 2, and at least one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the furnace and is provided with a driving mechanism or a rotating handle; under the action of external force, the rotating shaft 21 can drive the rotation center line of the grid 22 to rotate; the discharge gate 10 be two, the during operation is run from opposite directions, opens two discharge gate 10 backs, can form rubbish whereabouts passageway in gasification cauldron 4's below, the rubbish accessible whereabouts passageway discharge in the gasification cauldron 4.

Fins can be arranged on the outer wall of the gasification kettle 4, namely one side facing the secondary combustion area 3, so that the heat exchange area is increased, and the heat absorption capacity of the gasification kettle 4 from the secondary combustion flue gas 16 is improved.

Embodiment two, refer to fig. 1-3 and 5, embodiment two differs from embodiment one in that there is another possible structure of the secondary air supply system 13, and in conjunction with fig. 4 on the basis of fig. 1, the ring pipe 24 is arranged outside the furnace body 2, and is provided with a secondary air inlet pipe 25 and a certain number of manifolds 27 communicated with the ring pipe, and the manifolds 27 all penetrate through the side wall of the furnace body 2 and extend into the secondary combustion zone 3, and are provided with air supply holes 23 leading to the secondary combustion zone 3; secondary air 26 may enter the regeneration duct 24 from the secondary air inlet duct 25 and then pass through the manifold 27 to enter the secondary combustion zone 3 from the air inlet apertures 23.

By adopting the structure, when the incinerator is fed, the air locking valve 20 on the feeding system 1 is opened, the garbage is fed into the hopper of the feeding system 1, under the action of the feeding system 1, the garbage enters the gasification kettle 4, after the garbage is filled in the gasification kettle 4, the air locking valve 20 is closed, and the gas cannot pass through the door, so that no air flows into the gasification kettle 4, the garbage in the gasification kettle 4 is heated and dried in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and gasification reaction is carried out to generate combustible gasification gas 12, and the gasification gas 12 enters the hearth 5 through a gap of the discharge door 10;

after the gasification reaction of the garbage in the gasification kettle 4 is completed, the discharge door 10 is opened, as shown in fig. 5, the garbage is discharged from the gasification kettle 4 and enters the hearth 5, contacts with the primary air 8 which enters the ash cavity 9 and then passes through the grate 7 upwards on the grate 7, burns and releases heat until the garbage is burnt out to form ash slag, and the ash slag passes through the grate 7 and enters the ash cavity 9; in the pyrolysis link, the garbage is controlled to be in an oxygen-poor atmosphere, namely air is not fed to reach a chemical equivalence ratio and the combustion is in an insufficient state, so that pyrolysis flue gas 11 containing more combustible components such as carbon monoxide is generated;

after the gasification kettle 4 is emptied, the discharge door 10 is closed, and new garbage is supplemented;

the pyrolysis flue gas 11 ascends in the hearth 5, enters the secondary combustion area 3 together with the gasification gas 12 generated by the gasification kettle 4, contacts secondary air 26 in the secondary combustion area 3, and is subjected to secondary combustion in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, harmful substances in the flue gas, including dioxin-like substances, are oxidized and decomposed, and the temperature is further increased to form secondary combustion flue gas 16; when the secondary fuel gas 16 rises to the top along the space between the outer wall of the gasification kettle 4 and the inner wall of the hearth 5, the secondary fuel gas enters a gas collecting pipe 18, is finally discharged out of the furnace from a smoke discharge pipe 17, and enters a downstream flue gas treatment link.

A part of heat 14 in heat released in the garbage pyrolysis process and the secondary combustion process of the pyrolysis flue gas 11 and the secondary combustion process of the secondary flue gas 16 is absorbed by the side walls of the discharge door 10 and the gasification kettle 4 respectively and is finally transferred to garbage in the gasification kettle 4, so that energy required by the gasification reaction of the garbage in the gasification kettle 4 is maintained, and the circular operation of the incinerator is realized.

The above is to the detailed introduction of the small and miniature domestic garbage gasification furnace and the principle provided by the present invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used to help understanding the present invention's method and its core idea, it should be pointed out, to the ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also be to the present invention, for example, in the secondary area, supplement the auxiliary fuel, change the shape of the furnace body, these improvements and modifications also fall into the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, firstly, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, some orientation words, such as "up", "down", "inside", "outside", "side", etc., used for clearly describing the technical features of the present invention are according to the present invention, when the small WeChat domestic garbage gasification furnace is normally installed, the orientation is "up" relatively far away from the ground, one side of the center line near the vertical direction of the gasification furnace is "inside", the direction perpendicular to the up and down direction is "side", etc., with respect to the normal orientation of the ground; second, the utility model discloses a small and miniature domestic waste gasifier mainly is applicable to the daily life rubbish of present village and town resident, does not mean this incinerator can not be applicable to other types of rubbish, and it can be applied to the rubbish of other properties such as mill's packing rubbish, medical waste, food factory's rubbish with flammability completely.

Claims

1. A small and miniature domestic garbage gasification furnace comprises a furnace body (2) with a cavity inside, and is characterized in that a fire grate (7), a smoke collecting pipe (18), a secondary gas supply system (13) and a feeding system (1) are arranged inside the furnace body (2), the fire grate (7) divides the inner cavity of the furnace body (2) into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a hearth (5), and the lower part is an ash cavity (9); a gasification kettle (4) is arranged in the hearth (5), a discharge gate (10) is arranged below the gasification kettle (4), an outlet of the feeding system (1) is positioned in the gasification kettle (4), and an annular secondary combustion zone (3) is reserved between the outer side wall of the gasification kettle (4) and the inner side of the hearth (5); the secondary gas supply system (13) is communicated with the secondary combustion area (3), and the smoke collecting pipe (18) is respectively communicated with the secondary combustion area (3) and the smoke exhaust pipe (17).

2. The small-sized domestic garbage gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the discharge gate (10) is divided into two halves, each gate structure comprises a rotating shaft (21) and a plurality of discharge gates (22) arranged on the rotating shaft (21); the two ends of the rotating shaft (21) sequentially penetrate through the side wall of the gasification kettle (4) and the side wall of the furnace body (2) from inside to outside and are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body (2), and at least one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the furnace body (2).

3. The small-sized domestic waste gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein an access door (19) is provided on the top of the gasification kettle (4), and the access door (19) is directly connected to the outside of the furnace.

4. The small-sized domestic waste gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the charging system (1) is provided with a locking valve (20).

5. The small and miniature domestic waste gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the secondary gas supply system (13) comprises an annular pipe (24), the annular pipe (24) is arranged inside the furnace body (2), a secondary air inlet pipe (25) is arranged to communicate with the annular pipe (24), and the secondary air inlet pipe (25) penetrates through the outer wall of the furnace body (2) to the outside of the furnace body (2); and an air supply hole (23) leading to the second combustion area (3) is formed in the annular pipe (24).

6. The small and miniature domestic waste gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the secondary gas supply system (13) comprises a ring pipe (24), the ring pipe (24) is arranged outside the furnace body (2), a secondary air inlet pipe (25) and a plurality of manifolds (27) are arranged on the ring pipe, the secondary air inlet pipe is communicated with the ring pipe, the manifolds (27) penetrate through the side wall of the furnace body (2) and extend into the secondary combustion area (3), and gas supply holes (23) leading to the secondary combustion area (3) are formed in the manifolds.