CN212644629U - Middle and small-sized domestic garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a middle-size and small-size domestic waste incinerator, be equipped with in the furnace body and burn the furnace chamber just, burn the furnace chamber deeply, cloth air chamber, lime-ash chamber, two combustion chambers, deposit chamber, flying dust collection room etc. cavity, wherein, for step-like just burn the grate subassembly between just burning furnace chamber and the cloth air chamber, burn the grate subassembly deeply between furnace chamber and the lime-ash chamber, just burn furnace chamber and burn the furnace chamber with burning deeply and communicate, cloth air chamber and lime-ash chamber and communicate with each other, two combustion chambers upper end lead to just burning furnace chamber, and the lower extreme leads to deposit chamber, flying dust collection room and gas vent in proper order; when the incinerator works, garbage sequentially descends along the primary combustion grate assembly and the deep combustion grate assembly along with the processes of preheating, drying, igniting, burning out and the like, finally ash enters an ash cavity, and the smoke deep combustion hearth and the primary combustion hearth sequentially enter the secondary combustion chamber and the settling chamber and then are discharged out of the incinerator from an exhaust port. The incinerator has the advantages of good adaptability to complex garbage, low content of harmful pollutants in discharged flue gas, stability of physical parameters, low thermal ignition loss of ash residues and the like.

Description

Middle and small-sized domestic garbage incinerator

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a domestic waste innoxiousization, minimizing deals with the field, especially relates to a middle-size and small-size domestic waste clean incinerator.

Background

The incineration disposal of the domestic garbage is a necessary choice after the environmental management and protection development of China reaches a certain degree. Compared with other disposal modes, the domestic garbage incineration disposal can save a large amount of land resources, the total pollution emission in the harmless period is less, and the resource utilization degree is higher. Therefore, in recent years, hundreds of waste incineration power plants are planned and built in China for solving the problem of domestic waste disposal in large and medium-sized cities.

However, the domestic garbage incineration power generation has a requirement on scale, namely, after the daily garbage amount is less than a certain amount, the incineration power generation mode becomes uneconomical. For a large part of the counties in China, even if the domestic garbage of the counties is concentrated, the economic scale of incineration power generation cannot be achieved. For a building county with garbage production not reaching the lowest economic scale of incineration power generation, two types of solution modes exist at present: one type is that two or a plurality of adjacent counties jointly build a household garbage incineration power plant to undertake the household garbage disposal task in the coverage area; the other type is that through a mode of '1 + N', a central incineration station is built in a county and city according to local conditions to undertake the domestic garbage disposal tasks of the county and the nearby villages and towns, and a plurality of substations are built to undertake the domestic garbage disposal tasks of the corresponding villages and towns.

In the former mode, the requirement of generating the electricity is met by increasing the garbage collection amount by increasing the garbage collection range, but actually, there is an economic coverage for collecting and transporting the household garbage to the incineration power plant, and the transportation cost of the household garbage is increased and becomes uneconomical when the range is exceeded. For example, in the case of co-building an incineration power plant in a plurality of counties, the garbage in some areas needs to be transported for two or even three times, and the transportation distance of the household garbage in some areas even exceeds 100 kilometers, so that the transportation cost of the garbage is high and is difficult to bear. Certainly, the mode can realize the resource utilization of the household garbage to a higher degree;

in the latter mode, besides the central incineration station can realize the resource utilization of the household garbage to a certain extent, for example, hot water and steam are generated, and the resource utilization of the household garbage is difficult to realize by the rest of the small incineration stations. Of course, the mode can reduce the collection and transportation cost of the household garbage to a great extent and cancel the transportation cost, thereby reducing the comprehensive disposal cost of the household garbage and being suitable for the current social and economic development level of China.

The 1+ N mode solves the problem that the establishment of county, city and county domestic garbage disposal is more and more concerned and accepted, and particularly, the mode is more suitable for being adopted in the regions with wide areas and sparse people or the regions where road transportation is not reached. The key for popularizing the mode lies in small and medium-sized household garbage incineration equipment, namely a small and medium-sized household garbage incinerator.

Generally, compared with domestic garbage of large and medium-sized cities, domestic garbage of counties (including villages) is lower in sorting degree, more complex in components, lower in calorific value, more greatly influenced in moisture content by climate and seasons, and the garbage yield fluctuates greatly in time intervals, and in addition, operators of small and medium-sized incinerators often do not systematically learn professional technologies, so that the professional technology is not as high as that of operators of large and medium-sized incinerators, which causes a problem in designing small and medium-sized incinerators.

If a small and medium-sized domestic garbage incinerator with good adaptability to urban and rural domestic garbage in small and medium-sized counties in the current development stage of China can be developed, the small and medium-sized domestic garbage incinerator has important significance for urban and rural domestic garbage disposal in mountainous areas, grasslands, Gobi and desert counties and cities which occupy a large number of county-level administrative areas in China.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses to the unsuitable county and county district domestic waste disposal demand of burning the electricity generation of burning in the concentration of domestic waste in china, the structure of middle-size and small-size burning furnace is proposed, adopt this structure to have fabulous adaptability to town and country domestic waste, can be at need not to drop into auxiliary fuel, perhaps under the condition that auxiliary fuel is few, the flue gas of coming out of the stove reaches higher temperature relatively easily, lower harmful pollution content, and the temperature and the composition of flue gas maintain at stable state relatively easily, it is littleer to the impact of low reaches gas cleaning processing system, be favorable to prolonging gas cleaning system's life, improve the whole reliability of burning the system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is that the utility model provides a structure of a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator, which comprises a furnace body consisting of a top wall, a feeding end side wall provided with a feeding mechanism, an exhaust end side wall provided with an exhaust port, two side walls, a bottom wall provided with an air inlet, a middle inclined wall provided with a smoke outlet and a middle vertical wall provided with a primary air channel; the side wall of the feeding end, the middle inclined wall, the bottom wall and the side walls at the two sides enclose a first cavity in the furnace body, a primary combustion grate component is arranged in the cavity, the primary combustion grate component divides the cavity into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a primary combustion furnace hearth, and the lower part is an air distribution chamber; the side wall of the exhaust end, the middle inclined wall, the middle vertical wall and the side walls at two sides form a second cavity, a deep-burning grate component is arranged in the cavity, the cavity is also divided into an upper part and a lower part by the deep-burning grate component, the upper part is a deep-burning hearth, and the lower part is an ash cavity.

Preferably, the primary combustion hearth is communicated with the deep combustion hearth, and the gas distribution chamber is communicated with the ash cavity; the bottom wall is provided with a normally closed slag discharge port.

Preferably, a second combustion chamber connected with the smoke outlet is arranged inside the top wall; the top wall is also provided with an air supply pipe extending into the second combustion chamber, and the air supply pipe is provided with an air supply hole.

Preferably, a settling chamber and a fly ash collecting chamber are arranged in the side wall of the exhaust end, one end of the settling chamber is communicated with the second combustion chamber, and the other end of the settling chamber is communicated with the fly ash collecting chamber.

Preferably, the structure of the primary combustion grate component comprises a static grate and a moving grate, wherein the static grate is divided into a static airless grate and a static air supply grate, and the moving grate is also divided into a static airless grate and a moving air supply grate; the two types of fire grates are mutually spaced and arranged in a step shape from top to bottom.

Preferably, quiet air feed grate structure do, at least, include rubbish stopping face and rubbish receiving face, rubbish stopping face on be equipped with side air feed channel the rubbish receiving face on be equipped with air feed channel, side air feed channel and last air feed channel all lead to the primary combustion furnace to link to the gas distribution chamber.

Preferably, the movable air supply grate structure at least comprises a pushing surface and a sliding surface, wherein a side air outlet channel is arranged on the pushing surface, an upper air outlet channel is arranged on the sliding surface, and the side air outlet channel and the upper air outlet channel are communicated with the primary combustion furnace chamber and are communicated with an air distribution chamber.

Preferably, the movable airless grate and the movable air supply grate are mounted in a manner that at least one end of a rotating shaft extending out of the side wall is arranged on the side wall of each of the two sides corresponding to each of the movable airless grate and the movable air supply grate, a swinging arm is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the movable airless grate and the movable air supply grate are movably connected to the corresponding swinging arm; the outer wall of the side wall of each of the two sides, which extends out of the rotating shaft, is provided with a driving mechanism corresponding to each rotating shaft, and one end of each rotating shaft, which extends out of the side wall, is connected with a driving mechanism.

Preferably, the movable airless fire grates and the movable air supply fire grates are installed in a manner that adjacent or similar movable airless fire grates or movable air supply fire grates are installed on the same driving frame, a rotating shaft installed on the side walls of two sides and at least one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the side walls is correspondingly arranged on each driving frame, a swing arm is arranged on each rotating shaft, and the driving frames are installed on the swing arms. One end of the rotating shaft extending out of the side wall is connected with a driving mechanism;

preferably, the garbage carrying surface of the static fire grate included in the primary combustion fire grate component is parallel to the sliding surface of the moving fire grate and forms a certain included angle alpha with the horizontal plane, namely the garbage carrying surface and the sliding surface of the moving fire grate are raised towards the primary combustion hearth; the included angle alpha ranges from 4 to 12 degrees.

The working principle of the structure is as follows:

the domestic garbage is fed into the primary combustion chamber through the feeding mechanism and is distributed on the garbage receiving surface of the static fire grate (comprising a static airless fire grate and a static air supply fire grate) and the sliding surface of the moving fire grate (comprising a movable airless fire grate and a movable air supply fire grate). The moving grate does reciprocating motion under the driving of the rotating shaft: when the moving grate moves forwards (the direction from the side wall of the feeding end to the side wall of the exhaust end is defined as 'front', and vice versa 'rear'), the pushing surface can push the garbage on the next-stage static garbage discharging and receiving surface forwards and fall on the sliding surface of the next-stage moving grate; when the moving grate moves backwards, the garbage on the sliding surface falls down on the garbage carrying surface of the next-stage static grate under the action of the garbage stopping surface of the static grate. According to the principle, along with the reciprocating motion of the moving grate, the garbage can gradually move downwards and forwards in the primary combustion hearth until the garbage enters the deep combustion hearth.

The blended combustion air enters the air distribution chamber from the air inlet, a part of air enters the ash cavity through the primary air channel on the middle vertical wall, then goes upwards over the deep combustion fire grate assembly and contacts with the garbage in the deep combustion hearth, and the part of air is primary air; the other part of air enters the primary combustion hearth through a side air supply channel, an upper air supply channel, a side air outlet channel and an upper air outlet channel on the primary combustion grate component and gaps among the grates and contacts with the garbage in the primary combustion hearth, and the part of air is secondary air.

When the incinerator works stably, garbage moves downwards along the primary combustion grate component in the primary combustion hearth, is heated and dried, and contacts with secondary air and starts to catch fire when moving to the positions of the movable air supply grate and the static air supply grate, and enters a stage with volatile matter combustion as a main part; the garbage descends on the primary combustion grate assembly while burning, along with falling and rolling of the garbage on the primary combustion grate assembly, fire nuclei can be dispersed continuously, the garbage in a packaged state and a caking state can be dispersed gradually, a whole initiated garbage layer can form a loose and uniform combustion state, and along with the processes of heat emission and gradual volume reduction, the process is completed until volatile combustion is the main stage; and the rest carbon residue and ash slag enter the deep-burning hearth, enter a stage mainly comprising carbon residue burning when the deep-burning hearth is contacted with primary air until the carbon residue is burnt out, and finally the formed ash slag falls into an ash slag cavity from a gap of the deep-burning grate component and is discharged out of the furnace at proper time.

The smoke generated in the garbage deep burning stage flows upwards along the lower side surface of the middle inclined wall, enters the primary burning hearth, is converged with the smoke formed by the primary burning hearth, flows upwards along the lower side surface of the middle inclined wall and the upper side of the garbage layer until the smoke flows out of the primary burning hearth from a smoke outlet arranged on the middle inclined wall and enters a secondary burning chamber; the mixed flue gas enters the second combustion chamber and is mixed with the secondary air entering from the air supply pipe, the heat carried by the flue gas is utilized to promote the oxidation and removal of harmful pollutants in the flue gas, then the flue gas enters the settling chamber, the flue gas flows from top to bottom in the settling chamber, finally the flue gas is bent from the exhaust port to horizontally flow out of the incinerator, and in the process that the flue gas is bent to flow, the fly ash carried in the flue gas can enter the fly ash collecting cavity under the inertia effect and is discharged out of the incinerator at proper time.

When the garbage moves on the primary combustion grate assembly, part of substances with small particle sizes can enter the air distribution chamber from the grate gaps and the airflow channel and slide downwards along the bottom wall, one part of the substances can enter the ash cavity under the driving of airflow, the other part of the substances can be left in the air distribution chamber, and the substances can be discharged by periodically opening the slag discharge port.

The main beneficial effects of the structure and the working principle are as follows:

1) generally, one of the main reasons for the generation of harmful pollutants in the incineration of garbage is that incomplete combustion (accompanied by a large amount of gasification reaction) occurs after the absorption of heat before the combustion of garbage and the products of incomplete combustion cannot be further oxidatively decomposed. In the structure of the utility model, air crosses the garbage layer in the garbage layer of the primary combustion hearth, but not always seeps in the garbage layer against the movement direction of the garbage layer, so the heat generated by the garbage ignited in the early stage can not be largely transferred to the garbage layer which is not ignited, although a part of heat is absorbed by the garbage which is not ignited, only the preheating and the drying of the garbage can be maintained, which is not enough to support the gasification reaction of the garbage largely, even if a small part of the garbage is gasified, the secondary air supplied from the fire grate and the secondary air can support harmful pollutants to be removed by the oxidation reaction, thereby the harmful pollutant content of the smoke can be effectively reduced;

2) the garbage moves in the primary combustion hearth and has actions of falling, rolling and the like, and the weight of the garbage on the upper layer is not completely pressed on the garbage on the lower layer, so that a compact and uneven garbage layer is greatly changed into a loose and even garbage layer, and the garbage is also favorably dispersed into fire nucleuses after being ignited to form an even and fast combustion area, thereby not only being favorable for improving the temperature of flue gas and the combustion effect, but also being favorable for maintaining the stability of physical property parameters of the flue gas discharged from the furnace and reducing the load impact of the flue gas discharged from the furnace on a downstream flue gas purification treatment system;

3) the special deep burning area is arranged, which is an effective guarantee measure for improving the thorough burning of the garbage, is beneficial to reducing the thermal ignition rate of the ash slag, and provides a powerful guarantee for the direct and safe landfill of the burned ash slag.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion I of FIG. 1, showing one embodiment of the primary combustion grate assembly;

FIG. 3 is a partial view taken from the direction A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a partial view taken from the direction B of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is another embodiment of the primary combustion grate assembly structure of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the middle static air supply grate of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the medium-power air supply grate of the present invention;

FIG. 8 illustrates a normal installation position between the moving air supply grate and the static air supply grate;

FIG. 9 is a position of the moving air supply grate after it has advanced relative to the static air supply grate;

fig. 10 is a position where the moving air supply grate is retracted relative to the static air supply grate.

The correspondence between the reference numbers and the names of the components in fig. 1 to 10 is as follows:

1-feeding mechanism 2-initial combustion hearth 3-secondary combustion air

4-air supply pipe 5-air supply hole 6-smoke outlet

7-incineration flue gas 8-middle inclined wall 9-secondary combustion chamber

10-top wall 11-settling chamber 12-exhaust end side wall

13-exhaust port 14-discharge flue gas 15-fly ash collecting chamber

16-deep-burning hearth 17-ash cavity 18-deep-burning grate component

19-primary air 20-middle vertical wall 21-primary air channel

22-primary combustion grate assembly 23-slag discharge port 24-secondary air

25-air inlet 26-air distribution chamber 27-mixed combustion air

28-bottom wall 29-static airless grate 30-dynamic airless grate

31-side wall 32 of feed end-rotating shaft 33-oscillating arm

34-moving air supply grate 35-static air supply grate 36-two side walls

37-driving mechanism 38-driving frame 39-garbage stopping surface

40-side air supply channel 41-garbage receiving surface 42-upper air supply channel

43-pushing surface 44-side air outlet channel 45-upper air outlet channel

46-sliding surface

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the core of the utility model is to provide a structure of a middle and small-sized domestic garbage incinerator, the structure is carried out on two hearths by the incineration process of garbage, the garbage falls and rolls along a fire grate on one side of a primary combustion hearth, and the garbage is preheated, dried and ignited until the stage mainly comprising volatilization is finished, then the garbage leaves the primary combustion hearth and enters a deep combustion hearth, and the garbage enters the stage mainly comprising carbon residue combustion until the garbage is burnt out; garbage is in rubbish, even state in the combustion area, and the flue gas crosses the rubbish layer and does not do long distance seepage flow in the rubbish layer, can make the process of rubbish burning control easily, and the temperature of the flue gas of coming out of the stove is more stable and harmful substance content is lower, and the hot burning rate of lime-ash is lower, and then saves domestic waste's comprehensive processing cost.

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Examples

A middle-small-sized domestic garbage incinerator, refer to the attached figure 1-10, its structure includes the furnace body formed by top wall 10, feed end lateral wall 31, exhaust end lateral wall 12, both sides lateral wall 36, bottom wall 28, middle inclined wall 8 and middle vertical wall 20, the said middle inclined wall 8 locates between top wall 10 and bottom wall 28, the said middle vertical wall 20 locates between feed end lateral wall 31 and exhaust end lateral wall 12; the side wall 31 of the feeding end, the middle inclined wall 20, the bottom wall 28 and the side walls 36 on the two sides form a first cavity, the primary combustion grate assembly 22 arranged on the side walls 36 on the two sides is arranged in the cavity, the primary combustion grate assembly 22 divides the cavity into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a primary combustion hearth 2, and the lower part is an air distribution chamber 26; the side wall 12 of the exhaust end, the middle inclined wall 8, the middle vertical wall 20 and the side walls 36 at two sides form a second cavity, the deep combustion grate component 18 arranged on the side walls 36 at two sides is arranged in the cavity, the deep combustion grate component 18 divides the cavity into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a deep combustion hearth 16, and the lower part is an ash cavity 17; the primary combustion hearth 2 is communicated with the deep combustion hearth 16, but the deep combustion hearth 16 is positioned at a lower height than the primary combustion hearth 2;

the side wall 31 of the feeding end is provided with a feeding mechanism 1, and the garbage outlet end of the feeding mechanism 1 extends into the primary combustion hearth 2 and is communicated with the primary combustion hearth 2; after entering the feeding mechanism 1, the household garbage is fed into the primary combustion hearth 2 by the feeding mechanism 1 and falls on the primary combustion grate component 22 to form a garbage layer;

the bottom wall 28 is provided with an air inlet 25 and a slag discharge port 23 which are communicated with the air distribution chamber 26, the air inlet 25 is connected with an upstream air supply system, and the blended combustion air 27 can enter the air distribution chamber 26 from the air inlet 25; the slag discharge port 23 is normally closed, that is, the incinerator is closed under normal working conditions, and when manual slag discharge from the gas distribution chamber 26 is required, the slag discharge port 23 can be opened to discharge slag;

a primary air channel 21 is arranged on the middle vertical wall 20, and the air distribution chamber 20 is communicated with the ash cavity 17 through the primary air channel 21; when the incinerator is in operation, after the co-combustion air 27 enters the air distribution chamber 26 from the air inlet 25: a part of the waste enters the ash cavity 17 through a primary air channel 21 on the middle vertical wall 20, absorbs the heat of the ash and then passes upwards over the deep-burning grate assembly 18 to enter the deep-burning hearth 16, the part of the air is primary air 19, and the primary air 19 is contacted with the waste in the deep-burning hearth 16 and participates in burning; the other part of the air enters the primary combustion hearth 2 through a side air supply channel 40, an upper air supply channel 42, a side air outlet channel 44 and an upper air outlet channel 45 on the primary combustion grate assembly 22 and gaps among the grates, the part of the air is secondary air 24, and the secondary air 24 is in contact with the garbage in the primary combustion hearth 2 and participates in combustion; the primary air 19 and the secondary air 24 participate in incineration to form incineration flue gas 7, and in the garbage combustion area, the flue gas 7 flows upwards along the lower side surface of the middle inclined wall 8;

a secondary combustion chamber 9 is arranged in the top wall 10, a smoke outlet 6 is arranged on the middle inclined wall 8, and the secondary combustion chamber 9 is communicated with the primary combustion furnace 2 through the smoke outlet 6; the top wall 10 is also provided with an air supply pipe 4 extending into the secondary combustion chamber 9, the air supply pipe 4 is provided with an air supply hole 5, and the air supply pipe 4 is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber 9 through the air supply hole 5; the incineration flue gas 7 enters a secondary combustion chamber 9 from a flue gas outlet 6 and is mixed with secondary combustion air 3 from an air supply pipe 4, so that harmful pollutants in the incineration flue gas 7 are further oxidized and removed;

a settling chamber 11 and a fly ash collecting chamber 15 are arranged in the side wall 12 of the exhaust end, the upper end, namely the inlet end, of the settling chamber 11 is communicated with the second combustion chamber 9, and the other end of the settling chamber is communicated with the fly ash collecting chamber 15; the side wall 12 of the exhaust end is also provided with an exhaust port 13 communicated with the settling chamber 11; after further oxidation reaction of the incineration flue gas 7 in the secondary combustion chamber 9, the incineration flue gas enters a settling chamber 11, flows downwards in the settling chamber 11 and then horizontally enters an exhaust port 13, and during the flow turning process of the incineration flue gas 7, a part of dust carried in the incineration flue gas enters a fly ash collecting chamber 15 under the inertia effect; after part of dust is removed from the incineration flue gas 7, furnace outlet flue gas 14 is formed and is exhausted out of the furnace from an exhaust port 13;

the primary combustion grate assembly 22 is structurally characterized by comprising a static grate and a moving grate, wherein the static grate is divided into a static airless grate 29 and a static air supply grate 35, and the moving grate is also divided into a static airless grate 30 and a moving air supply grate 34. The two types of grates are mutually spaced and arranged in a step shape from top to bottom, namely the movable airless grate 30 or the movable air supply grate 34 is provided with a static and movable airless grate 29 or a static air supply grate 35 which are adjacent from top to bottom.

The static air supply grate 35 can be structured as shown in fig. 6 and at least comprises a garbage stopping surface 39 and a garbage receiving surface 41, wherein the garbage stopping surface 39 is provided with a side air supply channel 40, the garbage receiving surface 41 is provided with an upper air supply channel 42, and the side air supply channel and the upper air supply channel 42 of the side air supply channel and the upper air supply channel 40 are both communicated with the primary combustion furnace 2 and the air distribution chamber 26;

the structure of the moving air supply grate 34 can be, as shown in fig. 7, at least comprising a pushing surface 43 and a sliding surface 46, wherein a side air outlet channel 44 is arranged on the pushing surface 43, an upper air outlet channel 45 is arranged on the sliding surface 46, and the side air outlet channel 44 and the upper air outlet channel 45 are both communicated with the primary combustion hearth 2 and the air distribution chamber 26;

the static airless grate 29 can be of a structure which is similar to the static air supply grate 35 in appearance and also comprises a garbage stopping surface 39 and a garbage receiving surface 41, but the difference is that the garbage stopping surface 39 and the garbage receiving surface 41 are not provided with airflow channels;

the movable airless grate 30 can be in a structure which has a similar appearance to the movable air supply grate 34 and at least comprises a pushing surface 43 and a sliding surface 46, but the difference is that the pushing surface 43 and the sliding surface 46 are not provided with airflow channels;

the static airless grate 29 and the static air supply grate 35 are arranged in a way that two ends are directly and fixedly arranged on the side walls 38 at two sides;

one of the possible installation manners of the movable grate without wind 30 and the movable grate with wind 35 is that, with reference to fig. 2 on the basis of fig. 3, the side walls 36 on both sides are provided with a rotating shaft 32 with at least one end extending out of the side wall corresponding to each movable grate without wind 30 and the movable grate with wind 34, the rotating shaft 32 is provided with a swing arm 33, and the movable grate without wind 30 and the movable grate with wind 34 are movably connected to the corresponding swing arm 33; the side walls 36 of the two sides are provided with a driving mechanism 37 corresponding to each rotating shaft 32 on the outer wall of the side where the rotating shaft 32 extends, one end of the rotating shaft 32 extending out of the side wall is connected with the driving mechanism 37, when the driving mechanism 37 drives the rotating shaft 32 to rotate, the swing arm 33 rotates along with the rotating shaft 32, so as to drive the corresponding moving grates to move under the constraint of the upper and lower static grates, and the moving airless grate 30 and the moving air supply grate 34 do reciprocating motion along with the back-and-forth rotation of the rotating shaft 32 by a certain angle;

of course, the movable airless grate 30 and the movable air supply grate 34 may be installed in such a manner that several adjacent or similar movable airless grates 30 or movable air supply grates 34 are all installed on the same driving frame 38, a rotating shaft 32 installed on the side walls 12 at both sides and at least one end of which extends out of the side walls is provided corresponding to each driving frame 38, a swing arm 33 is provided on the rotating shaft 32, and the driving frame 38 is installed on the swing arm 33. The end of the rotating shaft 32 extending out of the side wall is connected with a driving mechanism 37. When the driving mechanism 37 drives the rotating shaft 32 to rotate, the swing arm 33 rotates along with the rotating shaft 32, and further drives the corresponding driving frame 38 to do parallel motion, and further drives the moving grate to do reciprocating motion;

the movement law of the moving grate (including the moving airless grate 30 and the moving air supply grate 34), that is, the change process of the position relation relative to the static grate (including the static airless grate 29 and the static air supply grate 35) is respectively shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10:

in general, the moving grate and the static grate are located as shown in fig. 8, the distance between the pushing surface 43 and the garbage stopping surface 39 is "a", the garbage receiving surface 41 of the static grate and the sliding surface 46 of the moving grate are covered with garbage, and when the garbage is required to go down along the primary combustion grate assembly 22:

the rotating shaft 32 drives the moving grate to move forwards (the direction from the side wall 31 at the feeding end to the side wall 12 at the exhaust end is defined as 'front' and vice versa as 'rear') through the swinging arm 33, the moving grate gradually changes from the position shown in fig. 8 to the position shown in fig. 9 relative to the static grate, the distance between the pushing surface 43 and the garbage stopping surface 39 is increased to 'b', the garbage on the static garbage discharging and receiving surface 41 of the next stage is pushed forwards, so that a part of the garbage falls on the sliding surface 46 of the moving grate of the next stage, and meanwhile, under the action of the moving grate of the previous stage, a part of the garbage on the static grate of the previous stage also falls on the sliding surface 46 of the static grate of the previous stage, so that the first wave forward and downward movement of the garbage on the primary combustion grate assembly 22 is realized;

after stopping for a period of time, the rotating shaft 32 starts to rotate reversely, the moving grate moves backwards, the position of the moving grate relative to the static grate is gradually changed from the position shown in fig. 9 to the position shown in fig. 10, the distance between the pushing surface 43 of the moving grate and the garbage stopping surface 39 of the static grate is reduced from 'b' to 'c', and under the action of the garbage stopping surface 39 of the upper static grate, part of garbage on the sliding surface 46 of the moving grate falls onto the garbage receiving surface of the lower static grate, so that the second wave forward and downward movement of the garbage on the primary combustion grate component 22 is realized;

after stopping for a while, the rotating shaft 32 rotates reversely again, the moving grate moves forwards, the position of the moving grate relative to the static grate is gradually changed from the position shown in fig. 10 to the position shown in fig. 8, the distance between the pushing surface 43 of the moving grate and the garbage stopping surface 39 of the static grate is reduced from 'c' to 'b' again, part of garbage on the static grate on the upper stage falls on the sliding surface 46 of the moving grate, and meanwhile, part of garbage on the static grate on the lower stage falls on the moving grate on the lower stage, so that the third wave forward and downward movement of the garbage on the primary combustion grate assembly 22 is realized;

through the three-wave motion, original garbage on the sliding surface 46 of the moving grate is completely transferred to the garbage carrying surface 41 of the next-stage static grate, and meanwhile, the garbage on the garbage carrying surface 41 of the first-stage static grate is also completely transferred to the sliding surface 46 of the garbage carrying surface, namely the garbage completely goes one step underground three times on the primary-combustion grate component 22, and one circulation is completed; by analogy, the garbage moves downwards in the whole primary combustion grate component 22 in a first-stage manner, and the movement speed is consistent with the garbage combustion speed;

the garbage receiving surface 41 of the static grate is parallel to the sliding surface 46 of the moving grate, and the garbage receiving surface 41 and the sliding surface 46 both form an included angle alpha of 4-10 degrees with the horizontal plane (the ground where the incinerator is installed), namely the garbage receiving surface 41 and the sliding surface 46 both lift 4-10 degrees towards the primary combustion furnace 2, as shown in fig. 9, the structure is beneficial to promoting the garbage to do rolling motion in the descending process along the primary combustion grate component 22, and realizing that the garbage is in a loose state after entering a combustion area and the fire core of the combustion area is dispersed, thereby improving the garbage combustion effect.

It is right above the utility model provides a structure and theory of operation of middle-size and small-size domestic waste incinerator are introduced in detail to it is right further through concrete embodiment the utility model discloses a principle and implementation mode are elucidated, and the description of embodiment is only used for helping to understand the utility model discloses a method and core thought thereof, it should point out, to the ordinary technical personnel in this technical field, under the prerequisite that does not deviate from the utility model discloses the principle, can also be right the utility model discloses a plurality of improvements and decorations, for example, install the sensor additional at some positions of furnace body, set up furnace peephole, some positions set up the access door, etc. these improvements and decorations also fall into the protection scope of the utility model claims.

It should be noted that, firstly, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, "up", "inside", "side", etc. used for clearly describing the technical features of the present invention are all according to the normal orientation of the middle and small-sized domestic garbage incinerator related to the present invention relative to the ground when the incinerator is normally installed, for example, the orientation higher from the ground is "up", the side close to the inside of the vertical direction of the incinerator is "inside", the direction perpendicular to the up and down direction is "side", etc.; secondly, the utility model is mainly used for burning and burning middle and small-sized domestic garbage, but does not mean that the structure provided by the utility model can not be applied to the burning furnaces for other types of garbage, and can be completely applied to the disposal of other types of garbage such as packaged garbage, medical garbage, garbage of food factories and the like; thirdly, the schematic diagrams related to the present invention are technically processed in proportion and structure, which are not exactly the same as the actual products, and those skilled in the art should pay attention to avoid unnecessary loss.

Claims (10)

1. A structure of a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator is characterized by comprising a furnace body, wherein the furnace body consists of a top wall (10), a feeding end side wall (31) provided with a feeding mechanism (1), an exhaust end side wall (12) provided with an exhaust port (13), two side walls (36), a bottom wall (28) provided with an air inlet (25), a middle inclined wall (8) provided with a smoke outlet (6) and a middle vertical wall (20) provided with a primary air channel (21); the side wall (31) at the feeding end, the middle inclined wall (8), the bottom wall (28) and the side walls (36) at the two sides enclose a first cavity in the furnace body, a primary combustion fire grate component (22) is arranged in the cavity, the primary combustion fire grate component (22) divides the cavity into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a primary combustion hearth (2), and the lower part is an air distribution chamber (26); the exhaust end side wall (12), the middle inclined wall (8), the middle vertical wall (20) and the two side walls (36) enclose a second cavity, a deep combustion fire grate component (18) is arranged in the cavity, the cavity is also divided into an upper part and a lower part by the deep combustion fire grate component (18), the upper part is a deep combustion furnace chamber (16), and the lower part is an ash cavity (17).

2. A structure of a small sized garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that said primary combustion chamber (2) is communicated with said deep combustion chamber (16), said air distribution chamber (26) is communicated with ash chamber (17); the bottom wall (28) is provided with a normally closed slag discharge port (23).

3. A structure of a small sized garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that said top wall (10) is internally provided with a second combustion chamber (9) connected to said smoke outlet (6); the top wall (10) is also provided with an air supply pipe (4) extending into the secondary combustion chamber (9), and the air supply pipe (4) is provided with an air supply hole (5).

4. A structure of a small-sized garbage incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that said side wall (12) of said exhaust end is provided with a settling chamber (11) and a fly ash collecting chamber (15), one end of said settling chamber (11) is connected to said second combustion chamber (9), and the other end is connected to said fly ash collecting chamber (15).

5. The structure of a small-scale domestic waste incinerator of claim 1, characterized by that, the structure of said primary combustion fire grate assembly (22) includes static fire grate and moving fire grate, wherein, said static fire grate divide into static airless fire grate (29), static air supply fire grate (35) two kinds, said moving fire grate also divide into airless fire grate (30), move air supply fire grate (34) two kinds; the two types of fire grates are mutually spaced and arranged in a step shape from top to bottom.

6. The structure of a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator according to claim 5, wherein said static air supply grate (35) is at least composed of a garbage stopping surface (39) and a garbage receiving surface (41), said garbage stopping surface (39) is provided with a side air supply channel (40), said garbage receiving surface (41) is provided with an upper air supply channel (42), said side air supply channel (40) and upper air supply channel (42) both open to the primary combustion chamber (2) and communicate with the air distribution chamber (26).

7. The structure of a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator according to claim 5, wherein said movable air supply grate (34) at least comprises a pushing surface (43) and a sliding surface (46), said pushing surface (43) is provided with a side air outlet channel (44), said sliding surface (46) is provided with an upper air outlet channel (45), said side air outlet channel (44) and said upper air outlet channel (45) are both opened to the primary combustion chamber (2) and communicated with the air distribution chamber (26).

8. The structure of a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that said movable airless grate (30) and movable air supply grate (34) are installed in such a manner that a rotating shaft (32) having at least one end extending out of the side wall is provided on said side wall (36) at both sides corresponding to each movable airless grate (30) and movable air supply grate (34), a swing arm (33) is provided on the rotating shaft (32), said movable airless grate (30) and movable air supply grate (34) are movably connected to the corresponding swing arm (33); the two side walls (36) are provided with driving mechanisms (37) corresponding to each rotating shaft (32) on the outer wall of the side where the rotating shaft (32) extends out, and one end of the rotating shaft (32) extending out of the side walls is connected with the driving mechanism (37).

9. The structure of a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that said movable airless grates (30) and movable air supply grates (34) are installed in such a manner that several adjacent or close movable airless grates (30) or movable air supply grates (34) are installed on the same driving frame (38), a rotating shaft (32) installed on the side walls (36) at both sides and having at least one end extending out of the side walls is correspondingly installed on each driving frame (38), a swing arm (33) is installed on said rotating shaft (32), said driving frame (38) is installed on the swing arm (33), and a driving mechanism (37) is connected to the end of said rotating shaft (32) extending out of the side walls.

10. The structure of a small-sized domestic waste incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that the primary combustion grate assembly (22) comprises a stationary grate having a waste receiving surface (41) parallel to the sliding surface (46) of the moving grate and both forming a certain included angle α with the horizontal plane, i.e. the waste receiving surface (41) and the sliding surface (46) of the moving grate are both raised toward the primary combustion chamber (2); the included angle alpha ranges from 4 to 12 degrees.

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