CN112628750A

CN112628750A - Incinerator

Info

Publication number: CN112628750A
Application number: CN202011530220.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 舒梅男
Original assignee: Zhuzhou Shuchuang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhuzhou Shuchuang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-22
Filing date: 2020-12-22
Publication date: 2021-04-09

Abstract

The invention discloses an incinerator, comprising: the incinerator body comprises a plurality of layers of hearths arranged from top to bottom, and a communicating structure for material descending and smoke ascending is arranged between every two adjacent hearths; the incinerator body is divided into a drying area (2), a combustion area (3) and a cooling area (4) from top to bottom, and the drying area (2), the combustion area (3) and the cooling area (4) are respectively provided with one or more layers of hearth; the feeding bin (1) is arranged at the top of the incinerator main body, and a feed opening of the feeding bin (1) is communicated with the hearth of the first layer of the incinerator main body; agitating unit (5), agitating unit (5) include a plurality of stirring subassembly (52), and is a plurality of stirring subassembly (52) and multilayer furnace one-to-one sets up. The incinerator provided by the invention effectively improves the garbage treatment effect.

Description

Incinerator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of incineration equipment, in particular to an incinerator.

Background

The domestic garbage of China has the characteristics of multiple components and forms, high moisture and volatile components, low calorific value, low fixed carbon and the like, and the components are greatly different along with the change of seasons and different collection places.

Since the late stage of the 80 s in the 20 th century, the inverse push type mechanical grate incinerator technology is introduced from Japan in China, and modern incineration treatment of urban domestic garbage begins in China. Since then, incinerator cameras of different types have been introduced from abroad, and domestic garbage incinerators of different working principles have been developed.

Currently, incinerator types include a variety. However, with the increasing treatment capacity of garbage year by year, the garbage has various materials with different properties, and the garbage treatment effect is poor.

Therefore, how to improve the garbage disposal effect is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides an incinerator to improve the garbage disposal effect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

an incinerator, comprising:

the incinerator body comprises a plurality of layers of hearths arranged from top to bottom, and a communicating structure for material descending and smoke ascending is arranged between every two adjacent hearths; the incinerator body is divided into a drying area, a combustion area and a cooling area from top to bottom, and the drying area, the combustion area and the cooling area are all provided with one or more layers of the hearth;

the feeding bin is arranged at the top of the incinerator main body, and a feed opening of the feeding bin is communicated with the first layer of the hearth of the incinerator main body;

the stirring device comprises a plurality of stirring assemblies, and the stirring assemblies are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the multiple layers of the hearth.

Optionally, in the incinerator, the multiple layers of the hearths include an edge feeding hearth and a central feeding hearth which are arranged in a crossed manner;

the feeding port of the edge feeding hearth is positioned at the top edge of the edge feeding hearth, and the discharging port of the edge feeding hearth is positioned at the bottom center of the edge feeding hearth; the feeding opening of the central feeding hearth is positioned in the center of the top of the central feeding hearth, and the discharging opening of the central feeding hearth is positioned on the edge of the bottom of the central feeding hearth.

Optionally, in the incinerator, the stirring device further comprises a stirring shaft and a driving device for driving the stirring shaft to rotate;

the stirring assemblies are arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft.

Optionally, in the incinerator, cooling channels which are communicated with each other are arranged in the stirring shaft and the stirring assembly;

one end of the stirring shaft is provided with a cooling medium inlet, and the other end of the stirring shaft is provided with a cooling medium outlet.

Optionally, in the above incinerator, the hearths of the combustion area are provided with a heat source combustion-supporting chamber or a heat source combustion-supporting chamber interface for providing fresh air required for material combustion for the hearths and an external heat source required for maintaining the temperature of the hearths.

Optionally, in the incinerator, a compensation port for supplementing fresh air and a heat source and an air inlet pipeline connected with the compensation port are arranged on the wall of the hearth;

the air inlet pipeline comprises an air inlet main pipe and a plurality of air inlet branch pipes communicated with the air inlet main pipe, and the air inlet branch pipes are connected with the compensation ports in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

Optionally, in the incinerator, each layer of the hearth has an independent exhaust outlet.

Optionally, the incinerator further comprises an exhaust duct and a heat circulation duct;

the exhaust pipeline is connected with the exhaust outlet and a main exhaust port of the flue gas of the incinerator;

the air outlet of the hearth of the combustion area is communicated with the inlets of the drying area and the hearth of the cooling area through the heat circulating pipe.

Optionally, in the above incinerator, each hearth layer is provided with a manhole.

Optionally, the incinerator further comprises a pneumatic stirring system arranged at the bottom of the non-bottommost hearth;

the pneumatic stirring system comprises a fresh air input pipeline and a pneumatic stirring hole which is communicated with the fresh air input pipeline and the hearth.

Optionally, in the above incinerator, the fresh air input pipeline is located between a bottom plate of one of the hearths and a top plate of the next one of the hearths.

Optionally, the incinerator further comprises a cooling pipeline arranged between the bottom plate of one hearth and the top plate of the next hearth.

Optionally, in the above incinerator, the cooling pipeline is located above the fresh air input pipeline.

Optionally, the incinerator further comprises a secondary combustion chamber, and the main flue gas discharge port of the incinerator is an outlet of the secondary combustion chamber.

According to the technical scheme, the incinerator body comprises the multiple layers of hearths arranged from top to bottom, and the communicating structure for descending materials and ascending smoke gas is arranged between every two adjacent hearths, so that the materials enter the first layer of hearth of the incinerator body from the feed opening of the feed bin and move to the lower layer of hearth at a certain moving speed under the stirring action of the stirring assembly, the materials move along the arrangement sequence of the hearths from top to bottom, and after drying, burning and cooling, slag is discharged through the hearth at the bottommost layer of the incinerator. Through setting up a plurality of hearths, effectively increased the space of handling the material to garbage disposal volume has been improved. The incinerator comprises a drying zone, a combustion zone and a cooling zone. It can be understood that the drying zone, the combustion zone and the cooling zone are divided according to the water content of the material, the components of the flue gas and the temperature of the flue gas, and the hearth structures of the drying zone, the combustion zone and the cooling zone are the same. Therefore, the material composition that can burn as required is different, through the operating mode and the state of adjusting each layer furnace for furnace is in drying zone, combustion zone or cooling space, and then realizes adjusting the effect of the furnace number of piles in drying zone, combustion zone and the cooling space, so that reach the complete drying and complete burning to the material, ensure the steady operation of burning furnace. Through the arrangement, the garbage treatment effect is effectively improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first flue gas and heat cycle system of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a material system of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a stirring device of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cooling structure of a stirring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pneumatic stirring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an edge-fed furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a central feed hearth according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a bottom plate structure of an edge-fed hearth according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the bottom plate structure of a central feed hearth provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another edge-fed furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another center-feed furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a second structure of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a second flue gas and heat cycle system of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses an incinerator, which aims to improve the garbage treatment effect.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an incinerator, which includes an incinerator main body, a feeding bin 1 and a stirring device 5, wherein the incinerator main body includes multiple hearth layers arranged from top to bottom, and a communicating structure for material descending and flue gas ascending is provided between two adjacent hearth layers; the incinerator body is divided into a drying area 2, a combustion area 3 and a cooling area 4 from top to bottom, and the drying area 2, the combustion area 3 and the cooling area 4 are all provided with one or more layers of hearths; the feeding bin 1 is arranged at the top of the incinerator body, and a feed opening of the feeding bin 1 is communicated with a first-layer hearth of the incinerator body; the stirring device 5 comprises a plurality of stirring assemblies 52, and the plurality of stirring assemblies 52 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple-layer hearth.

According to the incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the incinerator body comprises the multiple layers of hearths arranged from top to bottom, and the communicating structure for descending materials and ascending smoke gas is arranged between every two adjacent hearths, so that the materials enter the first layer of hearth of the incinerator body from the feed opening of the feed bin 1 and then move to the next layer of hearth at a certain moving speed under the stirring action of the stirring assembly 52, and after the materials move along the arrangement sequence of the hearths from top to bottom and are dried, combusted and cooled, the slag is discharged through the hearth at the bottommost layer of the incinerator. Through setting up a plurality of hearths, effectively increased the space of handling the material to garbage disposal volume has been improved. The incinerator comprises a drying zone 2, a combustion zone 3 and a cooling zone 4. It can be understood that the drying zone 2, the combustion zone 3 and the cooling zone 4 are divided according to the moisture content of the material, the components of the flue gas and the temperature of the flue gas, and the hearth structures of the drying zone, the combustion zone and the cooling zone are the same. Therefore, the material composition that can burn as required is different, through the operating mode and the state of adjusting each layer furnace for furnace is in drying zone 2, combustion zone 3 or cooling zone 4, and then realizes adjusting the effect of the furnace number of piles in drying zone 2, combustion zone 3 and cooling zone 4, so that reach the complete drying and complete combustion to the material, ensure the steady operation of burning furnace. Through the arrangement, the garbage treatment effect is effectively improved.

The incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention can be suitable for combustion treatment of various solid wastes. Such as municipal domestic waste, kitchen waste, agricultural and forestry waste, sludge, industrial oil sludge, medical waste and the like.

Under the condition of not reducing the material handling capacity, the working parameters of each layer of hearth are adjusted, the number of hearth layers of the drying area 2 is increased, the purpose of prolonging the drying time is realized, and then the complete drying of the materials is realized.

Through various monitoring means, such as means of monitoring smoke components, hearth working parameters, manual inspection and the like, the materials in the cooling zone 4 are found not to be completely combusted, the number of hearth layers in the combustion zone 3 can be adjusted, and complete combustion of the materials is guaranteed.

It will be appreciated that the cooling zone 4 is located at the bottom of the incinerator. The bottom of the incinerator is provided with a slag discharge port 6, and the slag discharge port 6 is communicated with a hearth at the lowest part of the cooling zone 4. The slag discharged from the slag discharge port 6 can be used as a material for building bricks and conveyed to a brick blank manufacturing workshop. And, burn burning furnace top and have the total discharge port of flue gas 9 to discharge the flue gas after burning the rubbish in the multilayer furnace. One or more feed openings can be arranged, and multi-channel uniform feeding is realized according to the processing scale and the actual process requirement.

Wherein, the top of burning furnace main part is for throwing the material district, throws the material district and has unloading temporary storage facilities such as a plurality of feeding storehouses 1, etc. the effect makes material such as rubbish can be evenly and controllably to burning furnace main part in the continuous material of throwing.

Preferably, the drying zone 2, the combustion zone 3 or the cooling zone 4 may all have a multi-layered furnace. The total number of layers of the furnace chamber of the incinerator body is set to be greater as the amount of the treated material increases.

In this embodiment, the multi-layer hearth includes an edge feeding hearth and a central feeding hearth which are arranged in a cross manner; the feeding port of the edge feeding hearth is positioned at the top edge of the edge feeding hearth, and the discharging port of the edge feeding hearth is positioned at the bottom center of the edge feeding hearth; the feeding opening of the central feeding hearth is positioned in the center of the top of the central feeding hearth, and the discharging opening of the central feeding hearth is positioned on the edge of the bottom of the central feeding hearth. Through above-mentioned setting, increased the material and burnt the route that the furnace flows, further improved the refuse treatment effect.

Further, the total number of layers of the hearth of the incinerator body is even. In this embodiment, the first hearth is an edge-fed hearth, and the bottommost hearth is a center-fed hearth.

For the consideration of uniform blanking, the first hearth layer is an edge feed hearth. Wherein, a plurality of feed openings of the feed bin 1 can be provided; or a plurality of feeding bins 1, wherein each feeding bin 1 is provided with one or more feed openings. The feed inlet of this marginal feeding furnace can be a plurality ofly and correspond with the feed opening of feed bin 1 and be connected to in making the material get into the furnace along the top edge of marginal feeding furnace, again under the stirring of stirring subassembly 52 or the bottom surface direction of furnace etc. effect, to the feed inlet of the marginal feeding furnace that is located the bottom center of marginal feeding furnace flow.

In other edge feeding hearths (except the first layer hearth), the whole hearth is a cylinder, the upper part of the hearth is a top plate, the edge of the hearth is a furnace wall, the bottom layer of the hearth is a bottom plate, a stirring shaft 51 of the stirring device 5 is arranged in the center of the hearth, a through hole for the stirring shaft 51 to pass through is arranged on the bottom plate, the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the stirring shaft 51, and a feed opening of the edge feeding hearth is formed between the outer wall of the stirring shaft 51 and the inner wall of the through hole.

The roof of edge feeding furnace sets up the feed inlet of edge feeding furnace, and this feed inlet is located the roof and is close to the edge of oven, and this feed inlet sets up a plurality ofly according to material handling capacity, prefers to a plurality of feed inlets evenly distributed in the edge of roof. The material gets into this layer of furnace's feed inlet from the feed opening of upper furnace (central feeding furnace), and the material is dry in this layer of furnace, burning or cooling, is stirred the material by (mixing) shaft 51 control stirring subassembly 52 from the furnace edge to furnace center stirring.

The feed opening of the edge feed hearth is positioned in the center of the bottom plate of the edge feed hearth. The material falls into the central feeding hearth through the feed opening.

For the purpose of aggregate material discharge, the bottommost hearth is a central feed hearth. The feed inlet of this layer furnace is located its top center, namely, during the feed inlet that the feed opening of material follow upper strata furnace (marginal feeding furnace) got into this layer furnace, stirred subassembly 52 was stirred the material by (mixing) shaft 51 control to the furnace edge by the furnace center. The bottom plate of the hearth of the layer is provided with the slag discharging port 6, so that materials are discharged from the slag discharging port 6.

In other central feeding hearths (except for the bottom hearth), the whole hearth is a cylinder, the upper part of the hearth is a top plate, the edge of the hearth is a furnace wall, the bottom layer of the hearth is a bottom plate, a stirring shaft 51 of the stirring device 5 is arranged in the center of the hearth, a through hole for the stirring shaft 51 to pass through is arranged on the top plate, the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the stirring shaft 51, and a feeding port of the central feeding hearth is formed between the outer wall of the stirring shaft 51 and the inner wall of the through hole.

The bottom plate of central feeding furnace sets up the feed opening of central feeding furnace, and this feed opening is located the edge that the bottom plate is close to the oven, and this feed opening sets up a plurality ofly according to material handling capacity, preferredly with a plurality of feed openings evenly distributed in the edge of bottom plate. During the feed inlet that the material got into this layer furnace from the feed opening of upper strata furnace (marginal feeding furnace), the material was dry in this layer furnace, burning or cooling, was stirred the subassembly 52 by (mixing) shaft 51 control with the material and is stirred to the furnace edge from the furnace center.

The feed opening of the central feeding hearth bottom plate is positioned at the edge of the bottom plate. The material falls into the edge feeding hearth through the feed opening of the bottom plate.

It can be understood that between an edge-feed hearth and an adjacent central feed hearth, the bottom plate of the edge-feed hearth is connected to the top plate of the central feed hearth. The feed opening on the bottom plate of the edge feeding hearth is aligned with the feed opening on the top plate of the central feeding hearth; or the bottom plate of the edge feeding hearth and the top plate of the central feeding hearth are the same plate, the hole on the bottom plate is a hole arranged in the center, and the hole is used as a feed opening of the edge feeding hearth and a feed opening of the central feeding hearth.

Similarly, between a central feeding hearth and an edge feeding hearth adjacent to the central feeding hearth, which are arranged from top to bottom, the bottom plate of the central feeding hearth is connected with the top plate of the edge feeding hearth. The feed opening on the bottom plate of the central feeding hearth is aligned with the feed opening on the top plate of the edge feeding hearth; or the bottom plate of the central feeding hearth and the top plate of the edge feeding hearth are the same plate, holes in the bottom plate are holes formed in the edge, and the holes are used as a feed opening of the central feeding hearth and a feed opening of the edge feeding hearth.

In order to facilitate the stirring operation, the stirring device 5 further comprises a stirring shaft 51 and a driving device 53 for driving the stirring shaft 51 to rotate; a plurality of stirring assemblies 52 are arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 51. Through drive arrangement 53 drive (mixing) shaft 51 rotation, and then drive a plurality of stirring subassemblies and use (mixing) shaft 51's axis to rotate as the central line, realize the operation to the common stirring of material in the multilayer furnace, effectively simplified agitating unit 5's structure. Of course, the stirring device 5 may be configured in other structures, for example, a plurality of driving devices may be provided, and the plurality of driving devices correspond to the plurality of stirring assemblies one to one and drive the stirring assemblies to operate.

It is preferable that the stirring shaft 51 is disposed perpendicular to the horizontal plane along the center of the incineration furnace, and the stirring shaft 51 is rotated by the driving means 53, thereby horizontally rotating the stirring member 52.

The stirring shaft 51 is positioned in the center of the incinerator and is arranged vertical to the horizontal plane, and the stirring shaft 51 is positioned at the bottom of each layer of hearth and is provided with a stirring assembly 52.

In this embodiment, the stirring assembly 52 includes a plurality of stirring arms arranged along the circumferential direction of the stirring shaft 51, the stirring arms may be in the form of rake arms, stirring rake teeth are hung on the lower edges of the rake arms, and the shapes of the stirring rake teeth are determined according to the inward or outward movement of the material in the hearth layer, that is, when the stirring shaft rotates, the rake teeth stir the material to move into the hearth layer or out of the hearth layer to the next hearth layer.

Or a net connection reinforced harrow arm structure type. Namely, the reticular reinforcing structure is arranged on the stirring arm, so that the heat dissipation effect is enhanced on the basis of preventing fracture. The stirring arms are preferably symmetrically arranged in even number so as to enhance the stirring force and control the moving direction and speed of the materials.

The incinerator body is preferably of a cylindrical structure, so each hearth layer is an independent cylindrical hearth body, and as the stirring assemblies 52 rotate by taking the axis of the stirring shaft 51 as a center line, the stirring assemblies 52 can effectively stir materials in the hearths by adjusting the size of the stirring assemblies 52 in the radial direction of the hearths (namely the length of the stirring arms).

Cooling channels which are communicated with each other are arranged in the stirring shaft 51 and the stirring assembly 52; one end of the stirring shaft 51 has a cooling medium inlet 511, and the other end of the stirring shaft 51 has a cooling medium outlet 512.

The stirring shaft 51 and the stirring assembly 52 are positioned in the incinerator, and need to work under the working condition of the maximum temperature of 1500 ℃ due to contact with materials and smoke, and in order to ensure the service life, the stirring shaft 51 and the stirring assembly 52 need to be cooled, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the operation stability of the incinerator is ensured.

The cooling channel in the stirring shaft 51 is communicated with the cooling channel in the stirring assembly 52, when the incinerator is operated or overhauled, the cooling medium is introduced from the cooling medium inlet 511 at one end of the stirring shaft 51, and flows out from the cooling medium outlet 512 at the other end of the stirring shaft 51 after passing through the cooling channel in the stirring shaft 51 and the cooling channel in the stirring assembly 52, so that the cooling effect of the stirring shaft 51 and the stirring assembly 52 is realized. Preferably, one end of the stirring shaft 51 is a bottom end thereof, and the other end of the stirring shaft 51 is a top end thereof.

Wherein, the cooling medium can be cooling air, cooling water or cooling steam.

In this embodiment, for the convenience of adjustment, the hearths of the combustion area 3 are provided with a heat source combustion-supporting chamber or a heat source combustion-supporting chamber interface 102 for providing fresh air required for material combustion and an external heat source required for maintaining the temperature of the hearths. It will be appreciated that the heat source combustion chamber interface 102 is adapted to interface with an external heat source combustion chamber. Each layer of hearth can be provided with a plurality of heat source combustion-supporting chamber interfaces 102, namely, the plurality of heat source combustion-supporting chamber interfaces 102 are connected with a plurality of external heat source combustion-supporting chambers; or a heat source combustion-supporting chamber interface 102 is arranged on each hearth layer. Through the above arrangement, the hearth of the combustion zone 3 can be adjusted. In this embodiment, the first-layer furnace is located in the drying region 2, the bottommost furnace is located in the cooling region 4, and the middle furnaces located between the first-layer furnace and the bottommost furnace can be located in the combustion region 3.

In the embodiment, after the material enters the incinerator, combustion-supporting fresh air is fed into the incinerator for supporting combustion through the heat source combustion-supporting chamber or the heat source combustion-supporting chamber interface 102, hot flue gas generated by the combustion zone 3 upwards enters the hearth of the drying zone 2 through a feeding hole of the hearth, high-moisture material in the drying zone 2 is evaporated to dryness and dried by the hot flue gas of the lower combustion zone 3, and then enters the combustion zone 3 for combustion; and after passing through the drying area 2, the flue gas is discharged to a waste heat boiler from a main flue gas discharge port to carry out waste heat power generation.

The external heat source comprises fossil fuel combustion-supporting directly input coal, natural gas, kerosene, heavy oil and the like, and also comprises compensation hot air provided by external equipment such as a hot blast stove and the like.

A compensation port 1041 for supplementing fresh air and a heat source and an air inlet pipeline 104 connected with the compensation port 1041 are arranged on the wall of the hearth; the air inlet pipe 104 includes an air inlet main pipe and a plurality of air inlet branch pipes communicated with the air inlet main pipe, and the plurality of air inlet branch pipes are connected with the compensation ports 1041 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. Is connected with external fresh air and heat source supplementing equipment through an air inlet main pipe so as to directly supplement hot air, fresh air and other heat sources into the hearth through the compensation port 1041 through the air inlet pipeline 104.

The compensation ports 1041 of each hearth layer are used as fuel compensation ports and fresh air compensation ports. The auxiliary compensating heat source is provided with a hot air compensating means, and an auxiliary fuel (coal gas, natural gas, coal and heavy oil) compensating port and a fresh air compensating port (or a combustion chamber are used for preventing the flue gas composition in the furnace layer from changing too much under extreme conditions), so that the temperature, the pressure and other parameters of each layer of the furnace chamber are effectively ensured to be within the designed process control range.

Further, each hearth layer is provided with an independent exhaust port 1051. Each layer of hearth is provided with an independent smoke outlet 1051, and the smoke outlet 1051 mainly has the function of controlling the parameters of the hearth, such as smoke components, temperature, pressure and the like. Through constantly replenishing heat source and new trend, discharge the flue gas that surpasss design and control parameter, reach the purpose of maintaining furnace stable operating mode.

The incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises an exhaust duct 105, wherein the exhaust duct 105 is connected with an exhaust port 1051 of the hearth and a main flue gas discharge port 9 of the incinerator. Through the arrangement, the concentrated emission of the flue gas is conveniently realized, and the discharged gas is conveniently subjected to subsequent treatment (such as emission to a waste heat boiler).

A heat circulation pipe 101 is provided between the exhaust port 1051 of the combustion zone 3 and the inlets of the drying zone 2 and the cooling zone 4. In order to recycle the flue gas waste heat in the hearth, the incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention has the multi-way heat utilization effect of internal heat circulation and external heat source supplement. The internal flue gas waste heat is recycled, and the method is an important guarantee measure and an implementation means for high efficiency and stability of the incinerator. The exhaust port 1051 of each hearth layer is connected with the main exhaust port 9 of the flue gas through the exhaust duct 105, thereby realizing centralized exhaust. The flue gas of the exhaust port 1051 of each layer of the hearth of the combustion zone 3 has two flow directions, one flow direction is connected to the total flue gas exhaust port 9, and the other flow direction is used for leading the high-temperature flue gas of the layer of the hearth to the inlets of the hearths of the drying zone 2 and the cooling zone 4, namely, the exhaust port 1051 of the hearth of the combustion zone 3 is communicated with the inlets of the hearths of the drying zone 2 and the cooling zone 4 through a heat circulating pipe 101, wherein the inlets of the hearths can be the heat source combustion-supporting chamber interface 102, the compensation port 1041 or circulating ports directly processed on the wall of the hearth. Wherein, the flow direction and the flow of the flue gas flowing out of the exhaust outlet 1051 can be controlled by arranging a valve.

Because the material treated by the incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need or only needs very preliminary pretreatment means, the specification and the components of the material to be treated are very different. When the moisture of the materials is very high, the incinerator can not dry and completely burn the materials according to normal operation, and the drying intensity of the drying area 2 can be kept or adjusted and the drying time can be prolonged to achieve the aim of normal operation. Wherein, the drying time is prolonged to increase the number of hearth layers of the drying area 2. And the drying intensity is kept, namely the temperature of the drying flue gas in the drying region 2 is ensured, and the temperature of each layer of hearth of the drying region 2 can be kept by directly transferring the hot flue gas on the lower hearth of the combustion region 3 and/or the upper hearth of the cooling region 4 to be directly injected into the drying region 2.

Each hearth layer is provided with a manhole 103. The manhole 103 may also become a working door. Wherein, can set up several access hole 103 in the outside of each layer furnace, the effect of access hole 103 includes: the device is used for observing the drying, burning and cooling conditions of materials in the hearth, overhauling, maintaining and replacing mechanical facilities in the hearth, manually checking and treating abnormal or abnormally burnt materials in the hearth, and the like. Therefore, the access hole 103 is used for observing, overhauling and emergently controlling the working condition exhaust hole in the kiln. The access hole 103 can observe the structure and working condition of mechanical moving parts such as the stirring shaft 51, the stirring arm and the pneumatic stirring system 20 in the hearth, and observe the drying state of the materials. The stirring arm, the pneumatic stirring system 20 and the like are overhauled and cleaned on line from the access hole 103, and the purpose of overhauling without stopping the machine is achieved.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the incinerator according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a pneumatic stirring system 20 disposed at the bottom of the non-bottommost hearth. The non-bottommost hearth is a hearth formed by removing the bottommost hearth from the multi-layer hearth in the incinerator body. The pneumatic stirring system 20 comprises a fresh air input pipeline 203 and a pneumatic stirring hole for communicating the fresh air input pipeline 203 with the hearth to supply air to the bottom of the hearth, and the pneumatic stirring hole is communicated with the fresh air input pipeline 203 and the hearth. The fresh air input pipeline 203 of the pneumatic stirring system 20 is supplied with air through an external air supply device, so that the pneumatic stirring holes of the pneumatic stirring system 20 supply air to the bottom of the hearth, and the phenomenon that the stirring assembly 52 cannot stir to cause material hardening or caking on the bottom plate is prevented. Furthermore, the pneumatic stirring holes supply air from the hearth bottom plate, so that the incinerator has certain fluidized bed furnace characteristics. That is, the material can be fluidized to some extent, resulting in higher efficiency.

In this embodiment, the gas delivered in the fresh air input pipeline 203 may be compensation hot air, air or internal circulation hot air (combustion layer/burnout layer to drying layer) introduced from a brick-fired tunnel kiln or other kiln (hot-blast stove), blows and loosens the garbage material whose bottom is not stirred, moves the garbage material and helps the material to burn, and prevents the garbage material at the bottom and the furnace wall from caking and adhering in the furnace.

Preferably, a plurality of strip-shaped or hole-shaped or screen-shaped pneumatic stirring holes are uniformly distributed on the bottom plate of each layer of the hearth, and the air source of the pneumatic stirring system 20 is fresh air or hot air from a heat source combustion-supporting chamber or a heat source combustion-supporting chamber interface 102, or an air supply device can be additionally arranged.

In order to prolong the service life, the pneumatic stirring system 20 comprises a fresh air input pipeline 203 and heat-resistant layers 201 arranged on two sides of the fresh air input pipeline 203; the gas d in the fresh air input pipeline 203 can flow out to the bottom of the hearth through the heat-resistant layer 201.

In order to avoid the influence of the fresh air input pipeline 203 on the work inside the hearth, the fresh air input pipeline 203 is positioned between the bottom plate of the hearth and the top plate of the next hearth. In this embodiment, the bottom plate and the top plate of the furnace are both heat-resistant layers 201.

The incinerator also comprises cooling pipes 202 arranged between the floor of one hearth and the roof of the next hearth. Through setting up cooling pipeline 202 to let in coolant to cooling pipeline 202, make cooling pipeline 202 and the bottom plate and the roof of furnace pass through the heat exchange cooling, and then control the temperature of burning furnace self material, prolong the life who burns burning furnace. Wherein, if the introduced steam c for cooling (the cooling medium can be water, steam, gas, oil and the like, and is determined according to the working condition in the furnace), the efficiency of waste heat utilization can be further provided.

The cooling system (the stirring shaft 51, the stirring assembly 52 and the cooling pipeline 202) also serves as a part of waste heat utilization heat exchange device. That is, after the cooling medium in the cooling passages of the stirring shaft 51 and the stirring unit 52 and the cooling medium in the cooling pipe 202 absorb heat through cooling, the heat absorbed by the heat exchange in the cooling passages can be utilized as a medium for recovering waste heat.

Further, the cooling pipeline 202 is located above the fresh air input pipeline 203. Through the arrangement, the cooling pipeline 202 is close to the bottom plate of the hearth, and the cooling effect is effectively improved.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the cooling pipeline 202 and the fresh air input pipeline 203 are both serpentine pipes, the bottom plate (the heat-resistant layer 201) of the furnace is divided into a plurality of sector units, and each sector unit corresponds to one group of cooling pipeline 202 and the fresh air input pipeline 203, so that the effect is effectively improved.

As shown in fig. 11 and 12, a cooling branch pipe may be provided inside the furnace wall of the furnace, the cooling branch pipe may be disposed vertically, and the cooling branch pipe may communicate with the cooling pipe 202. An outlet may also be provided on the branch line and the cooling line 202, so that the cooling medium flows out of the furnace.

As shown in fig. 13 and 14, the incinerator further comprises a secondary combustion chamber 10, and the main flue gas discharge port 9 of the incinerator is an outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 10. If the incinerator tail gas containing a large amount of VOCs is directly discharged to the waste heat boiler, a good waste heat utilization effect cannot be generated, and the service efficiency and the service life of the waste heat boiler are easily influenced. Therefore, through the arrangement of the secondary combustion chamber, the flue gas discharged from the incinerator main body enters the secondary combustion chamber to fully decompose VOCs in the tail gas of the incinerator and then is discharged from the flue gas main discharge port 9. Through above-mentioned setting, when solving VOCs and discharging, the heat that produces makes flue gas temperature rise to the degree that can decompose dioxin completely, further reduces follow-up flue gas treatment cost.

Further, an oxidant gas pipe 106 for delivering oxidant gas to the second combustion chamber 10 is also included. Wherein the inlet of the combustion supporting gas pipe 106 can be connected with a device for providing combustion supporting gas.

Or the two-combustion chamber 8 can be arranged in another two-combustion chamber 8 as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the other two-combustion chamber 8 is positioned on the smoke main discharge pipe, and the smoke in the smoke main discharge pipe passes through the other two-combustion chamber 8 and then is discharged from the smoke main discharge port 9.

In this embodiment, since the second combustion chamber 10 is disposed at the top of the incinerator body, the feeding opening of the feeding bin 1 is disposed at the side of the first hearth of the incinerator body, and is fed by the side of the incinerator body.

The key points of the invention for high efficiency of drying materials are as follows: greatly improving the temperature of the drying flue gas. The combustion zone 3 of the invention provides stable high-temperature flue gas from bottom to top in a directional way for the drying zone 2 to evaporate moisture in materials (the temperature of primary air provided by the grate furnace is generally 180 ℃, the temperature of flue gas on a drying layer of the grate furnace is not higher than 150 ℃, and the highest point of the temperature of flue gas above the combustion layer of the grate furnace can reach 1400 ℃). The evaporation rate of the water vapor is accelerated, the separation of volatile components in the materials is accelerated, and the pyrolysis of the materials is accelerated. Compared with the grate furnace which is dried by the backflow action of the smoke at the front part of the hearth, the invention not only has the internal and external hot air circulation to ensure the drying quality because of the convection action of the drying smoke with the temperature which is several times higher than that of the grate furnace and the radiation action in the hearth.

Moreover, the proportion of fossil fuel does not need to be increased or reduced according to different water contents and different garbage components of the garbage, and external supplementary energy is saved.

The incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention can be suitable for combustion treatment of various solid waste materials, including municipal solid waste, agriculture and forestry solid waste, sludge, medical waste and biomass. The incinerator operates stably: the multi-stage hearth with the same structure is adopted for drying, burning and burning-out cooling, the temperature, load and pressure in each stage of hearth can be independently controlled, and the normal work of each stage of hearth can be effectively controlled. The multi-stage temperature adjusting function of the single-stage hearth is as follows: the temperature in the hearth is controlled by supplementing hot air, fossil fuel and fresh air. And keeping the normal operation of each stage of hearth. Easy maintenance: the maintenance of the equipment in the furnace can be carried out on line. Each layer is provided with a plurality of access holes 103, negative pressure is kept in the furnace, the stirring device 5 in the hearth breaks down under special conditions, furnace burden is hardened, and the furnace hardening area can be replaced again and overhauled. The drying efficiency is high: the flue gas temperature in the drying layer is high, and the drying process is quantitatively controlled through internal hot flue gas circulation, hot flue gas circulation and external heat source compensation, so that the materials reach the condition of full combustion. The incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention has certain characteristics of a fluidized bed furnace, and fresh air can be independently supplied due to the pneumatic stirring system 20 distributed at the bottom of each stage of hearth, and the fresh air penetrates from the bottom of the material to the top of the furnace, so that the material is more fully combusted. The problems of deflagration and heap combustion can be effectively controlled: each layer of hearth is provided with an independent air outlet facility, when the smoke components flowing upwards in the kiln deviate from the designed control value, the smoke components in the kiln can be adjusted by controlling the air inlet, the supplementary heat source and the air outlet facility, and the components which cause the abnormal operation of the kiln due to the suddenly increased CO in the kiln under special working conditions are discharged. The operation is simple, the combustion efficiency is high, and the failure rate is low. The incinerator main part comprises oven and each layer furnace, burns burning furnace operation through each medium pipeline, valve and the electric appearance control that lies in outside the kiln, and the stirring subassembly that drives each layer furnace in through (mixing) shaft 51 in the stove stirs the material, compares mechanical grate and burns burning furnace, and the burning is more abundant, and operation maintenance project is still less. Except for municipal domestic waste, the incinerator provided by the embodiment of the invention can treat solid waste in various forms, such as sludge, industrial oil sludge, agricultural and forestry waste, medical waste and the like, and has a wider treatment range. In order to be suitable for more fields, the same incinerator treats different materials, the incinerator design has certain redundancy, and the purpose of burning different and boring is achieved by adjusting the number of hearth layers in each area and the working condition of the corresponding hearth. The occupied area is small: the modular design can increase the garbage disposal capacity under the condition of keeping the area of the furnace layer unchanged by increasing the number of the hearth layers. No need of material pretreatment or low investment and running cost of pretreatment. The water content of the materials is not required, and the size of the materials is not larger than the width between the rake teeth of the stirring arm.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An incinerator, comprising:

the incinerator body comprises a plurality of layers of hearths arranged from top to bottom, and a communicating structure for material descending and smoke ascending is arranged between every two adjacent hearths; the incinerator body is divided into a drying area (2), a combustion area (3) and a cooling area (4) from top to bottom, and the drying area (2), the combustion area (3) and the cooling area (4) are respectively provided with one or more layers of hearth;

the feeding bin (1) is arranged at the top of the incinerator main body, and a feed opening of the feeding bin (1) is communicated with the hearth of the first layer of the incinerator main body;

agitating unit (5), agitating unit (5) include a plurality of stirring subassembly (52), and is a plurality of stirring subassembly (52) and multilayer furnace one-to-one sets up.

2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the multiple stories of said hearth comprise crosswise disposed edge-fed and center-fed hearths;

3. An incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said stirring means (5) further comprises a stirring shaft (51) and a driving means (53) for driving said stirring shaft (51) to rotate;

a plurality of the stirring assemblies (52) are arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft (51).

4. An incinerator according to claim 3, wherein cooling passages communicating with each other are provided in both the agitating shaft (51) and the agitating unit (52);

one end of the stirring shaft (51) is provided with a cooling medium inlet (511), and the other end of the stirring shaft (51) is provided with a cooling medium outlet (512).

5. Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that the hearths of the combustion zone (3) each have a heat source combustion chamber or heat source combustion chamber interface (102) providing the hearths with fresh air required for the combustion of the material and an external heat source required to maintain the temperature of the hearths.

6. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the wall of the furnace is provided with a compensation port (1041) for supplementing fresh air and heat source and an air inlet pipe (104) connected with the compensation port (1041);

the air inlet pipeline (104) comprises an air inlet main pipe and a plurality of air inlet branch pipes communicated with the air inlet main pipe, and the air inlet branch pipes are connected with the compensation ports (1041) in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

7. An incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that each layer of the furnace has a separate air outlet (1051).

8. An incinerator according to claim 7, further comprising an exhaust duct (105) and a heat circulating pipe (101);

the exhaust duct (105) is connected with the exhaust outlet (1051) and a main flue gas discharge port (9) of the incinerator;

the exhaust outlet (1051) of the hearth of the combustion area (3) is communicated with the inlets of the drying area (2) and the hearth of the cooling area (4) through the heat circulation pipe (101).

9. An incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that each floor of said furnace is provided with access holes (103).

10. An incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising a pneumatic agitation system (20) provided at the bottom of the non-bottommost hearth;

the pneumatic stirring system (20) comprises a fresh air input pipeline (203) and a pneumatic stirring hole for communicating the fresh air input pipeline (203) with the hearth.

11. An incinerator as claimed in claim 10 wherein said fresh air inlet duct (203) is located between the floor of one said hearth and the roof of the next said hearth.

12. An incinerator according to claim 11, further comprising a cooling line (202) provided between the floor of one said hearth and the roof of the next said hearth.

13. An incinerator according to claim 12, wherein the cooling line (202) is located above the fresh air inlet duct (203).

14. An incinerator according to any of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a secondary combustion chamber (10), wherein the main flue gas discharge port (9) of the incinerator is an outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (10).