CN211151579U

CN211151579U - Microprocessor controlled charger capable of continuously regulating current and having multiple protection functions

Info

Publication number: CN211151579U
Application number: CN201922232198.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡献; 魏继昆; 田坤; 朱宣东
Original assignee: Zhejiang Kende Mechanical & Electrical Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Kende Mechanical & Electrical Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-12
Filing date: 2019-12-12
Publication date: 2020-07-31
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-12

Abstract

The utility model relates to a microprocessor controlled charger capable of continuously adjusting current and having multiple protection functions, the designed novel charger can automatically charge a 6V or 12V storage battery, the utility model is provided with two working modes of 6V/12V on a control panel, the charger can automatically judge and select and is provided with corresponding 6V and 12V indicating lamps for indication; the charging voltage display, the current display and the storage battery electric quantity display indicator lamp are arranged, and the mode selection touch type key is used for selection control; the current regulation encoder is arranged, and the charging current of the encoder can be continuously regulated between 2.5 and 10A; the charger is provided with a storage battery for charging and full charging, a polarity reverse connection prompt when the storage battery is connected, and a short-circuit warning indicator lamp is not connected or connected, and has the advantages of small size and volume, light weight and convenient carrying.

Description

Microprocessor controlled charger capable of continuously regulating current and having multiple protection functions

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a small-size electronic control's battery charger product specifically is a microprocessor control can adjust in succession the charger of many protect function in current area, belongs to battery charger technical field.

Background

At present, the competition of the storage battery charger product market is not only reflected in the technical advancement, but also depends on the functions, the appearance, the structural design of a control circuit and a complete machine of the charger, the advancement of the production and manufacturing process, the production efficiency, the production cost, the consistency and the reliability of the product and the like to a certain extent.

At present, in domestic and foreign markets, the output voltage of a small-sized storage battery charger is generally in the 6V/12V grade, and the rated charging current is generally 1-20A. The charging current of some charger products can reach the level of hundreds of amperes of current. Battery chargers of low current class (e.g., 2A, 8A, 10A, etc.) are often the mainstream products when low cost is a concern. In the market, many of such battery charger products are designed by using a traditional transformer plus rectifier type control circuit and the structure thereof. The charger adopts an output control mode that a transformer is adopted to convert low-voltage alternating current and then the alternating current is rectified, so that the charger product has low technical level and comprises the following components: the transformer and the rectifier have the problems of large size, large heat productivity, low working energy conversion efficiency, few control functions, large volume, heavy weight, high consumption of raw materials for manufacturing, large waste and the like of a charger product. In recent years, the development of electronic technology has also driven the development of electronically controlled battery chargers. The control technology mode adopted by the novel electronic control type storage battery charger for meeting the output requirement is obviously different from the traditional transformer rectifier type charger product, so that the novel electronic control type storage battery charger is greatly superior to the traditional charger in the aspects of technical performance, energy conservation, material saving and the like. Advanced technology greatly reduces the size and weight of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger, increases a plurality of control functions, is not in the traditional circuit and structure form, but adopts the control circuit form of a high-frequency switching power supply or a medium-frequency inverter power supply, and the like, and the magnetic core material for manufacturing a transformer is fundamentally changed. Such as having automatic detection and control of the charging voltage and current of the battery; the current and voltage control precision is high, and the control response speed is high; the functions of charge state display, reverse polarity connection, disconnection or short circuit protection and the like can be set; and various control modes such as constant voltage, constant current, floating charge and the like can be realized. The output rectifier of the novel electronic control charger is not a rectifier formed by common diodes any more, but an output rectifier formed by fast recovery diodes is adopted. The self heating value of the storage battery charger is greatly reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency of the charger product is greatly improved. The economical efficiency is also outstanding in the aspects of energy saving, material saving and the like. Because the control of the output parameters (voltage and current) of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger adopts the control modes of switching power supply conversion or inversion and the like, the novel charger of the switching power supply or inversion control technology is known as a novel efficient and energy-saving charging power supply, and represents the development direction of the storage battery charger power supply in the future. Because the internal control device of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger works in a high-frequency or intermediate-frequency switching state, the energy consumed by the novel electronic control type storage battery charger is extremely low, and therefore the efficiency of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger can reach more than 90%, and is improved by nearly one time compared with the efficiency of a traditional transformer rectifier type charger. With the rapid development of charger power supply control technology, a high-efficiency switch power supply or an inverter control type novel charger is developing towards the direction of multifunction, miniaturization, high frequency and high integration, and is applied more and more widely, and is certainly a substitute of a traditional charger in the future.

The novel electronic control type storage battery charger mainly depends on a circuit board and a control circuit thereon to realize the functions of products and improve the performance of the products, and compared with the traditional transformer rectifier type charger, the circuits of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger are much more complicated. The production technology is mainly based on the manufacturing technology of the circuit board. Of course, different products, their circuit principles and the design of the circuit board, as well as the production mode may be completely different for the same output voltage and current level. These all affect the technical performance, reliability, production and manufacturing costs, product market competitiveness, etc. of the product. That is, the technical parameters, the use performance, the production efficiency, and even the appearance and the reliability of the product, the market competitiveness, etc. of chargers with different structures and circuit designs are greatly different.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a microprocessor controlled charger capable of continuously adjusting current and having multiple protection functions, the designed novel charger can automatically charge a 6V or 12V storage battery, the charger is provided with two working modes of 6V/12V, the charger can automatically judge and select and is provided with corresponding 6V and 12V indicating lamps for indication; the charging voltage display, the current display and the storage battery electric quantity display indicator lamp are arranged, and the mode selection touch type key is used for selection control; the current regulation encoder is arranged, and the charging current of the encoder can be continuously regulated between 2.5 and 10A; the charger is provided with a storage battery for charging and full charging, a polarity reverse connection prompt when the storage battery is connected, and a short-circuit warning indicator lamp is not connected or connected, so that the charger is small in size, light in weight and convenient to carry.

The following technical scheme is adopted for achieving the purpose:

the utility model provides a charger that microprocessor control current stepping was adjusted and is taken multiple protect function which characterized in that: the main parts of the charger comprise a handle, a shell upper cover, a power tube radiator I, a main control panel assembly, a cooling fan, a power line and a pull-off device thereof, a fan mesh enclosure, a red charging clip, a black charging clip, an output line pull-off device, a shell base, a shell panel and a control panel assembly; the charger is provided with two circuit board assemblies, one is a main control board assembly, the other is a control panel assembly, and corresponding circuit connections are carried out between the main control board assembly and the control panel assembly as well as between a power supply power line, two storage battery cell clamps and the like; a plurality of electronic components and parts are arranged on the main control panel assembly, and the electronic components and parts comprise a fine adjustment potentiometer, a control chip, a differential mode capacitor, a rectifier bridge, a driving transformer, an electrolytic capacitor, a first triode, a second triode, a fast recovery diode, a filter inductor, a second radiator and a field effect tube; a plurality of electronic components and parts are also arranged on the control panel assembly and comprise a current regulation encoder, a nixie tube, a mode selection key, an indicator light and a microprocessor controller, and a power supply line provides an external power supply for the circuit board of the charger;

the main control board assembly mainly comprises a filter capacitor C, a rectifier bridge BR, electrolytic capacitors C and C, resistors R and R, NPN type triodes Q and Q, an inverter transformer T, a fast recovery rectifier diode D, a filter inductor 1, a triode Q, a field effect transistor Q, a driving transformer T, a PWM control chip IC, a plurality of resistors, capacitors, diodes and triodes, wherein the filter capacitor C, the rectifier bridge BR, the electrolytic capacitors C and C, the resistors R and R, the NPN type triodes Q and Q, the transformer T, the diode D, a filter inductor 1 and peripheral devices thereof form a half-bridge inverter main circuit, two ends of the filter capacitor C of the inverter main circuit are connected with a 220-fold power supply line V, an input end of the rectifier bridge BR is also connected with two ends of a power supply source, an output end of the rectifier bridge BR is connected with a series of the electrolytic capacitors C and C, an anode of the rectifier bridge BR is connected with an output anode of the rectifier bridge BR, a cathode of the rectifier bridge BR is connected with an anode of the rectifier bridge BR, a cathode of the rectifier bridge C + of the rectifier bridge D, a cathode of the rectifier bridge D is connected with the N + of the N-P transistor D, the rectifier bridge rectifier circuit is connected with a collector of the N-P-.

The control panel assembly comprises a control panel circuit, wherein the control panel circuit comprises a power supply selection circuit, a voltage, current and electric quantity display mode conversion circuit, a microprocessor voltage detection and current feedback control circuit, a PWMA current given signal output circuit, a nixie tube display circuit and an L ED indicator lamp control circuit;

the power supply selection circuit consists of a current regulation encoder BMQ1, a microprocessor U1, a resistor R34, a resistor R35, a capacitor C6 and a capacitor C7; the resistor R34 is connected with the capacitor C6 in series, the middle connection point of the resistor R34 is connected with the PF4 end of the microprocessor U1, and the end is also connected with one end of the current regulation encoder BMQ 1; the other end of the resistor R34 is connected to a +5V power supply, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded; the resistor R35 is connected in series with the capacitor C7, the middle connection point of the resistor R35 is connected to the PB5 end of the microprocessor U1, and the end is also connected to the other end of the current regulation encoder BMQ 1; the other end of the resistor R35 is connected to a +5V power supply, and the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded; the other end of the current regulation encoder BMQ1 is grounded; the microprocessor U1 adjusts the signal given by the encoder BMQ1 by detecting the encoder current to determine whether to increase or decrease the adjustment of the output current;

the resistor R31 is connected in series with the voltage-current electric quantity display mode conversion key S1 and is connected in parallel between a +5V power supply and the ground, and the middle connection point of the resistor R31 and the ground is connected to the PB7 end of the microprocessor U1 to form a voltage-current electric quantity display mode conversion circuit;

the resistor R18 and the resistor R36 are connected with the field effect transistor Q4 and the field effect transistor Q10; the input end of the resistor R18 is connected with the PD7 end of the microprocessor U1 to form a 6V or 12V switching control circuit;

the circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, an operational amplifier U2, resistors R1-R6, R25, R26 and capacitors C1-C5; the input signal of the resistor R3 is a detection signal of the output current of the charger; a resistor R5 and a capacitor C2 are connected in parallel between the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 and the output end thereof, and the inverting input end thereof is grounded after being connected with a resistor R4; the resistor R3 is the resistor of the non-inverting input end of the resistor R, and in addition, the non-inverting input end is also connected with an anti-interference filter capacitor C2 in parallel; the output of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the PB2 end of the microprocessor U1 through a resistor R6, and an anti-interference filter capacitor C3 is connected between the PB2 end and the ground in parallel; the output end of the resistor R25 is connected with a resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected with a capacitor C5 and a resistor R26, the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with a pin 1 of a plug CN2, and a pin 2 of the plug CN2 is grounded; CN2 is connected with a corresponding connection point of the plug CN4 through a connecting wire; the output signal of the microprocessor U1 is connected to pin 1 of the plug CN3, and pin 1 of the plug CN5 is connected through a connecting wire to form a microprocessor voltage detection and current feedback control circuit and a PWMA current given signal output circuit;

a nixie tube display circuit and L ED indicator lamp control circuit comprises a nixie tube DPY1, a nixie tube DPY2 and a nixie tube DPY3, a control circuit of the nixie tube DPY3 is formed by connecting an S3 end of the nixie tube DPY3 with a collector of an NPN-type triode Q3, an emitter of the NPN-type triode Q3 is grounded, a base of the NPN-type triode Q3 is connected with a resistor R3, an input end of the resistor R3 is connected with a COM3 end of the microprocessor U3, a control circuit of the nixie tube DPY3 is formed by connecting the S3 end of the nixie tube DPY3 with the collector of the NPN-type triode Q3, an emitter of the NPN-type triode Q3 is grounded, the base of the NPN-type triode Q3 is connected with the resistor R3, an input end of the COM3 of the microprocessor U3 is connected with the emitter of the NPN-type triode Q3, a plurality of COM3, a plurality of emitter of COM signal selection resistors of the emitter of the P3, the emitter of the PMQ 3, the PMU 3 is connected with the emitter of the PMU 3, the emitter of the PMU 3, the PMU 36.

The output part of the half-bridge inverter main circuit is also provided with a cooling fan power supply circuit and a protection control circuit; for the cooling fan power supply circuit, its composition characteristics are: the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C4, the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C4 is grounded, two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 are connected with a resistor R5 and a resistor R44 in parallel, two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 are connected with a 12V cooling FAN FAN through a plug CN2, and simultaneously connected with one ends of resistors R4 and R40 in a low-voltage side driving circuit of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 in the inverter main circuit and are used as a feedback signal Uf end of the output voltage of the charger, and the circuit of the part is called a cooling FAN power supply circuit.

The power supply circuit comprises a power supply, a half-bridge inverter main circuit, a PWM IC chip, a PWM chip, a triode, a PWM chip, a triode, a resistor, a.

The control panel circuit also comprises an L ED lamp control circuit part, and is characterized in that the cathode of a L ED lamp is connected with the collector of a triode Q5, the emitter of the triode Q5 is grounded, the base of the triode Q5 is connected with a resistor R24, the anode of a L ED lamp is connected with a resistor R21 and then connected to a +5V power supply, and the input end of the resistor R24 is connected with the PD4 control end of a microprocessor U1.

The control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery reverse connection or polarity reverse connection protection indicator lamp circuit, the circuit is formed in a way that the cathode of a diode L ED01 is connected with the collector of a field effect transistor Q6, the emitter of the field effect transistor Q6 is grounded, the base of the field effect transistor Q6 is connected with a resistor R23, the anode of a diode L ED01 is connected with a resistor R22 and then connected to a +5V power supply, and the input end of the resistor R23 is connected with the PD5 control end of a microprocessor U1.

The control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery full indicator lamp circuit, and the circuit is formed by connecting the cathode of a diode L ED5 with the collector of a field effect transistor Q9, grounding the emitter of the field effect transistor Q9, connecting the base of the field effect transistor Q9 with a resistor R33, connecting the anode of a diode L ED5 with a resistor R32 and then connecting the resistor R32 with a +5V power supply, and connecting the input end of a resistor R33 with the control end of a PD6 of a microprocessor U1.

The control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery reverse connection or polarity reverse connection circuit, the circuit is formed by connecting the cathode of a light-emitting diode in an optocoupler U3 with the anode of a diode D1, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the output positive polarity end of a charger, the anode of the light-emitting diode is connected with a resistor R19, the other end of the resistor R19 is grounded, the emitter of an output triode in the optocoupler U3 is grounded, and the collector of the output triode is connected with a resistor R20 and the PB4 end of a microprocessor U1.

Good circuit and structural design are the utility model discloses an important guarantee that the advantage place also satisfies high efficiency and low-cost production, high reliability, manufacturing technology advance, the utility model discloses the charger has adopted advanced inversion control technique, and the charger has advantages such as good performance, high reliability, small, light in weight, with low costs, through the configuration specification and the parameter that change different devices or spare part, can form the serialization product that accords with national and international standard.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary charger product of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main control circuit portion of the charger of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram (one) of the control panel portion of the charger of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the control panel portion of the charger of the present invention (ii);

fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram (three) of the control panel portion of the charger of the present invention;

the names of the components in the drawings are as follows: 1. a handle; 2. an upper cover of the shell; 3. a first power tube radiator; 4. a main control panel; 5. a cooling fan; 6. power lines and pull-off thereof; 7. a fan guard; 8. (positive polarity) red charging clip; 9. (negative polarity) black charging clip; 10. the output wire is not pulled off; 11. a housing base; 12. a case panel; 13. a control panel; 14. trimming a potentiometer; 15. a control chip; 16. a differential mode capacitance; 17. a rectifier bridge; 18. a drive transformer; 19. an electrolytic capacitor; 20. a triode I; 21. a triode II; 22. a fast recovery diode; 23. a filter inductor; 24. a second radiator; 25. a field effect transistor; 26. the charge current regulates the encoder.

Detailed Description

The charger of the present invention includes a microprocessor controlled charger 6V and 12V with various protection functions, a circuit design, a power supply line providing an external power supply to the circuit board of the charger, two battery cell clamps divided into red and black, when charging, the red represents the + or positive polarity of the charger output, connected to the + or positive polarity terminal of the battery, the black represents the "-or negative" polarity of the charger output, connected to the "-or negative" polarity terminal of the battery, the new charger designed may automatically charge the 6V or 12V battery, the charger of the present invention, a yellow charging L ED indicator light, a green fill status L indicator light, the red polarity of the battery when connected to the reverse charger L ED indicator light, the unconnected battery or the output short-circuit warning L indicator light, these indicator lights, under the action of the new invention, a charger control circuit status indicator light, a charger control circuit board indicating whether the charger is fully charged, a charger current output, a charger current indicator light, a charger control circuit board, a charger circuit switch, a charger circuit, a charger circuit switch, a charger, a battery, a charger, a battery charger, a battery charger, a battery charger, a battery charger, a battery charger, a battery.

The utility model discloses the constitution of charger and circuit theory of operation explain as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 and attached table 1, the charger of the present invention mainly adopts a structure of two control circuit boards. The utility model discloses the main spare part of charger includes handle 1, shell upper cover 2, power tube radiator 3, main control panel 4, cooling fan 5, power cord and draws 6, fan screen panel 7, (positive polarity) red clip 8 that charges, (negative polarity) black clip 9 that charges, output line draw parts such as 10, chassis base 11, chassis panel 12, control panel 13 and constitute. On the main control board 4, there are many electronic components and parts, such as a trimming potentiometer 14, a control chip 15, a differential mode capacitor 16, a rectifier bridge 17, a driving transformer 18, an electrolytic capacitor 19, a first transistor 20, a second transistor 21, a fast recovery diode 22, a filter inductor 23, a second heat sink 24, a field effect transistor 25, and the like. On the control panel 13, there are also many electronic components and parts, such as 2.5A-10A current regulating encoder, nixie tube, mode selection button, indicator light, microprocessor controller, etc. The utility model discloses on the main control panel 4 of charger, be equipped with a lot of electronic components and spare part, like a lot of electronic components and spare part that this part circuit schematic of fig. 2 identified.

Referring to fig. 2, the main control board 4 assembly mainly comprises a C9 filter capacitor, a BR1 rectifier bridge, electrolytic capacitors C10 and C11, resistors R29 and R30, Q3 and Q4 triodes, an inverter transformer T1, a fast recovery rectifier diode D1, a filter inductor L1, a triode Q7, a field effect transistor Q8, a driving transformer T2, a PWM control chip IC1 (T L494), and many resistors, capacitors, diodes, triodes, etc. in fig. 2, it is characterized in that:

1) the main half-bridge inverter circuit is characterized in that two ends of the C are connected to a 220 + 240V power supply line, two ends of the N are connected to two ends of a power supply source, the BR output end is connected to the output end of the power supply source, the C and C series electrolytic capacitors are connected in parallel, the positive pole of the C is connected to the positive pole of the BR output, the negative pole of the C is connected to the ground, the C and C series electrolytic capacitors are connected in parallel, the C and C series electrolytic capacitors are connected to the positive pole of the BR output, the C and N are connected to the positive pole of the CN output, the C and N are connected to the emitter of the DC-DC rectifying diode, the DC rectifying diode is connected to the emitter of the DC-DC rectifying diode, the DC rectifying diode is connected to the emitter of the DC-DC rectifying diode, the emitter of the DC rectifying diode, the DC-DC rectifying diode, the DC rectifying diode is connected to the emitter of the DC rectifying diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode connected to the DC diode is connected to the DC diode, the DC diode connected to the DC diode.

2) The power supply circuit of the cooling fan is characterized in that the other end of a resistor R is connected with the positive electrode of an electrolytic capacitor C, the negative electrode of the C is grounded, the two ends of the C are connected with R and R in parallel, the voltage at the two ends of the C is + VB, the voltage is connected to a 12V cooling fan FAN through a plug CN, meanwhile, the power supply circuit of the cooling fan is also connected to one ends of R and R in a low-voltage side driving circuit of triodes Q and Q in the inverter main circuit and is a feedback signal Uf end of the charger output voltage, the circuit of the power supply circuit of the cooling fan is called as a cooling fan power supply circuit, the power supply circuit of the cooling fan is used for realizing power supply, the protection control circuit is characterized in that the other end of an output filter inductor 1 is connected with the S electrodes of resistors R, R and P channel field effect transistors Q (such as UTT 50P), the G grid electrode of the triode Q is connected with the other end of the R and the collector electrode of the triode Q, the emitter electrode of the triode Q is connected with an SGND, the D electrode of the output filter inductor Q PB is connected to the output end of a charger BAT, the charger, the drain of the MOSFET Q is connected with a drain pin CN, the drain pin of the resistor Q, the resistor Q is connected with a drain pin CN, the drain pin of the resistor Q is connected with a drain pin CN, the drain pin of the resistor Q, the resistor Q is connected with a drain pin CN, a drain pin.

3) The circuit composed of the Q7 and the Q8, the R52 and the R53 is called as a protection control circuit, the function and the function of the circuit are that a U1 microprocessor control system in the attached figure 4 can automatically identify whether the storage batteries connected with the two ends of BAT (+) and BAT (-) are 6V or 12V by detecting the voltage and the connection state of the output end of the charger, if the storage batteries are not 6V or 12V, Q8 is not switched on to realize the protection control of the storage batteries, if the storage batteries are 6V or 12V, the charging process of the storage batteries with corresponding voltage grades is controlled, if the polarity of the storage batteries connected with the outside is detected to be reversed, the polarity-reverse protection control is realized, the polarity-reverse L lamp is lightened, the state indication of polarity-reverse is sent, and if the polarity-reverse protection state is detected to be not connected with the two ends of BAT (+) and BAT (-) or the short-circuit phenomenon is detected to be not connected with the two ends of the storage batteries, the unconnected or the short-circuit protection control is realized, the light L is not connected with the short-circuit protection state.

4) The high-voltage side driving circuit of the transistors Q3 and Q4 is characterized in that: the driving circuit comprises secondary windings N3, N4 and N5 of a driving transformer T2, resistors R32-R35, R37 and R38, electrolytic capacitors C12 and C13 and diodes D7-D10. The specific circuit structure form is as follows: the base of the Q3 is connected with a resistor R32, the other end of the R32 is connected with one ends of the resistors R33 and R37 and the cathode end of the electrolytic capacitor C12 and the diode D8, the other end of the R33 is connected with the +310V end, and the other end of the R37 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3 and the same name end of the secondary winding N4 of the driving transformer T2. The anode of D8 is connected to the cathode of the D7 diode, the anode of D7 is connected to the anode of C12 and also to the dotted terminal of the secondary winding N5 of the drive transformer T2. The windings of N5 and N4 are connected in series, and the different-name end of N5 is connected with the same-name end of N4. The synonym terminal of N4 is connected to the capacitor C14 and one terminal of the primary N1 of the inverter transformer T1. The base of Q4 is connected with resistor R35, the other end of R35 is connected with one end of R34 and R38 resistors, the cathode end of C13 electrolytic capacitor and D10 diode, the other end of R34 is connected with the emitter of Q3, the other end of R38 is connected with the emitter of triode Q4 and the same name end of N3 of secondary winding of driving transformer T2, and the other end is also the ground end of + 310V. The anode of D10 is connected to the cathode of the D9 diode, the anode of D9 is connected to the anode of C13, and also to the synonym terminal of the secondary winding N3 of the driving transformer T2. As mentioned above, the switching transistors Q3 and Q4 of the half-bridge inverter circuit are transistors, not IGBT transistors and MOSFET transistors. The former is a control device belonging to a current mode, and the latter is a control device belonging to a voltage mode, which are different.

5) The low-voltage side driving circuit of transistors Q and Q in the inverter main circuit is characterized in that the driving part circuit is composed of primary windings N and N of a driving transformer T, a T494 PWM control chip IC, and peripheral devices such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, NPN type transistors Q and Q, wherein N and N windings are connected in series, the different-name end of N is connected with the same-name end of N, the different-name end of N is connected with the collector of Q and the cathode of a D diode, the emitter of Q is connected with the anode of D and the emitter of Q, the same-name end of N is connected with the collector of Q and the cathode of a D diode, the emitter of Q is connected with the anode of D, D and the anode of D, the anode of C electrolytic capacitor, the emitter of Q, the cathode of D is connected with the anode of D, the cathode of C is grounded, the cathode of N is connected with the center tap of N and the center of N windings is connected with the cathode of R, the other end of R is connected with the cathode of D, the anode of D is connected with the cathode of D, the cathode of C electrolytic capacitor, one end of the anode of R, R and R is connected with the anode of the other end of the DC output of the inverter main circuit, the DC output of the DC output circuit, the DC output of the DC output circuit, the DC output of the DC output circuit, the DC output of.

6) The PWM control signal generation, output voltage negative feedback, PI (proportional plus integral operation) control circuit, etc. are characterized by that the 9 pin and 10 pin of IC are grounded, the 4 pin of IC is connected with cathode of C electrolytic capacitor and one end of R resistor, the anode of C is connected with +5V power supply, the other end of R is grounded, the 6 pin (RT end) of IC is connected with R, the other end of R is grounded, the 5 pin (CT end) of IC is connected with C, the other end of C is grounded, and by means of the parameter combination of R and C, the PWM signal frequency outputted from 8 pin and 11 pin of IC is 30KHz, the 7 pin of IC1 is grounded, the 13 pin of IC is connected with +5V power supply, the 1 pin of IC (IN-phase input end IN + of IC operational amplifier is connected with one end of R, R and R, the other end of R is grounded, the other end of R and R is connected with plug 3 pin of CN, the charger output voltage feedback signal + VB or Uf.R25, the other end of charger is connected with plug 3 pin of CN, the plug 3, the charger is connected with the plug 3, the output signal of the charger, the charger is connected with the output signal of the charger, the charger is connected with the charger.

The utility model discloses on the control panel of charger, also be equipped with a lot of electronic components and spare part, like this part circuit schematic diagram sign a lot of electronic components and spare part that figure 3, figure 4, figure 5 provided.

The circuit of the control panel mainly comprises field effect transistors Q4 and Q10, NPN type triodes Q7, a 5V integrated voltage stabilizer U7, a 2.5A-10A current regulation encoder, a voltage (U), current (I) and electric quantity (Q) display mode conversion key S1, a U1 microprocessor, a U2 operational amplifier, DPY 1-DPY 3 display nixie tubes, NPN type triodes Q1-Q3, Q5-Q6, Q8-Q9 in the figure 5, light emitting diodes L ED00, L ED01, L ED 1-L ED11 and the like, and a plurality of peripheral electronic components thereof, and is characterized in that:

1) a +5V power supply circuit. As shown in figure 3, the partial circuit consists of a diode D2, electrolytic capacitors E1-E4, capacitors C8-C10, C13 and C15, a voltage regulator tube Z1, an NPN type triode Q7, resistors R27 and R28 and a U7 integrated voltage regulator with +5V output. The input voltage of the circuit is VCC, and is connected to pin 12 + VCC voltage of IC1 in fig. 2. The output of the power supply is +5V power supply, and the power supply is supplied to other circuits for operation. The circuit of the part is simple. It will not be described further;

2) 2.5A-10A current regulated encoder circuit. As shown in figure 4, the partial circuit is composed of a 2.5A-10A current regulation encoder BMQ1, resistors R34 and R35, capacitors C6 and C7 and a +5V power supply. R34 is connected in series with C6, the middle connection point of which is connected to PF4 terminal of the U1 microprocessor in FIG. 4, and the terminal is also connected to one terminal of BMQ 1; the other end of R34 is connected to +5V, and the other end of C6 is grounded; r35 is connected in series with C7, the middle connection point of which is connected to PB5 of the U1 microprocessor in FIG. 4, and the middle connection point is also connected to the other end of BMQ 1; the other end of R35 is connected to +5V, and the other end of C7 is grounded; the other end of BMQ1 is grounded; the U1 microprocessor detects the signals given by the encoder BMQ1 to determine whether the user is increasing or decreasing the output current adjustment between 2.5A-10A;

3) the circuit comprises a touch key S1 and a resistor R31, R31 is connected with S1 in series and connected between a +5V power supply and the ground in parallel, and an intermediate connection point PB7 of the touch key S1 and the resistor R31 is connected to a PB7 end of a U1 microprocessor in FIG. 4. the U1 microprocessor judges whether an S1 key is pressed down by detecting the level of PB7, so as to determine whether a user selects a voltage (U) display, a current (I) display or a power (Q) display, of course, a corresponding control signal is sent out by a U1 microprocessor control system according to the operation condition of the key to light a corresponding L ED indicator lamp, for example, if the voltage (U) display is selected, the L ED1 indicator lamp is lighted, if the voltage (U) display is selected, the current (I) display is lighted, the current (Q) display is lighted 638, and the charge tube is lighted when the charge tube is selected;

4) 6V or 12V switching control circuit. As shown in FIG. 3, the partial circuit is composed of resistors R18 and R36, and field effect transistors Q4 and Q10. The input end of the R18 is connected with the PD7 end of the U1 microprocessor system in FIG. 4, namely, the instruction of 6V or 12V control conversion sent by the microprocessor. According to the utility model discloses the both ends voltage detection signal of the battery that the charger output is connected, microprocessor control system can automatic identification be 6V's battery, still 12V's battery, according to the signal that detects simultaneously, can send corresponding control command through PD7 to control field effect tube Q4 and Q10's break-make in the control attached drawing 3, it is closed state between SW1 and the SW2 in the final decision attached drawing 3, still open circuit state. Finally, the lower left CN4 in figure 2 is closed or opened between the

feet

3 and 4. Thus, the pulse width of the PWM signal is changed by the control circuit of the PWM part in fig. 2, and finally, the charging in the 6V mode or the charging in the 12V mode is realized;

5) the circuit comprises a U microprocessor circuit, a voltage detection and current feedback control circuit and a PWMA current given signal output circuit, as shown in the attached figure 4, the partial circuit consists of a U microprocessor, an operational amplifier U (M358), resistors R-R, R and capacitors C-C, an output voltage detection signal of a charger comes from a BAT (+) terminal, namely a Uf voltage feedback signal, the signal is output to a PB input terminal of the U microprocessor from two ends of a rear stage R through a voltage division circuit consisting of R and R, the C plays a role of filtering, as already described above, a ground marked with SGND is not the same as a ground marked by a triangle, an R current sampling resistor is arranged between the ground marked with the ground, as shown in the attached figure 2, therefore, in the attached figure 4, an input signal of the R resistor is an input signal of the PB.2A of the magnitude of the output current of the charger of the present invention, a detection signal if.2A is an amplifier in a U multi-operational amplifier integrated chip, R and C are connected in parallel between an inverting input terminal of the U, the inverting input terminal of the U and an output terminal of the U are connected with a PB, the PB is a non-inverting input terminal of a PB, a non-inverting resistor PB is a non-inverting input terminal of the non-inverting resistor, a non-inverting input terminal of the non-inverting amplifier, a non-inverting resistor, a non-inverting input terminal of the non-inverting amplifier is connected with a non-inverting circuit, a non-inverting input terminal of the non-inverting circuit, a non-inverting input terminal of a non-inverting circuit, a non-inverting input terminal of a non-inverting circuit, a non-inverting input terminal of a non-inverting circuit, a non-inverting circuit;

6) the system comprises a nixie tube display circuit and an ED indicator lamp control circuit, as shown in FIG. 5, the partial circuit comprises DPY-DPY nixie tubes (CPS), NPN-type triodes Q-Q, light emitting diodes ED, 0ED, 1 ED-2 ED and the like, and some resistor components, diodes D and optocouplers U (E3817) on the peripheries of the DPY, the S end of the DPY is connected with the collector of the Q, the emitter of the Q is grounded, the base of the Q is connected with the R, and the input end of the R is connected with the COM end of a microprocessor in FIG. 4. when the COM end is at a high level, the triodes Q is connected, the gating common end of the DPY is grounded, the display data of the DPY is determined by eight display control signals such as data from the microprocessor in FIG. 4. the control circuits of the DPY and the DPY are similar to the DPY, but the control signals from the S, the COM and the charger are connected with the charger, the PA is connected with the charger, the ED 6, the charger outputs a high level of the PA is connected with the PA, the charger, the PA is connected with the anode of the charger, the charger.

To the utility model discloses the output polarity of charger connects the reversal control, under the normal condition of working of charger circuit, when charger output two presss from both sides the line and is connected when correct with the polarity of battery storage battery, triode Q7 in the attached figure 2 switches on, and field effect switch pipe Q8 switches on, can charge to the storage battery. On the contrary, when the two clamp lines output by the charger are incorrectly connected with the polarity of the storage battery or are reversely connected, the triode Q7 is loaded, and the switch tube Q8 cannot be conducted. At this time, the charger does not charge the storage battery.

In FIG. 5, L ED00 (red indicator light) is a battery disconnection or short circuit protection indicator light, the cathode of the indicator light is connected with the collector of Q5, the emitter of Q5 is grounded, the base of Q5 is connected with R24, the anode of L ED00 is connected with R21 and then connected with a +5V power supply, the input end of R24 is connected with the PD4 control end of the U1 microprocessor in FIG. 4, when the control system of the charger detects that two level charging clamps are disconnected with the battery or short circuit is connected, the PD4 control end of U1 outputs high level to enable Q5 to be conducted, the ED L ED00 is lighted to indicate that the phenomenon that the battery is disconnected or short circuit occurs, and a user sees that corresponding processing is carried out.

In FIG. 5, L ED01 (red indicator light) is a protection indicator light for reverse connection or polarity connection of the storage battery, the cathode of the protection indicator light is connected with the collector of Q6, the emitter of Q6 is grounded, the base of Q6 is connected with R23, the anode of L ED01 is connected with R22 and then connected to a +5V power supply, the input end of R23 is connected with the PD5 control end of the U1 microprocessor in FIG. 4, when the control system of the charger detects the reverse connection or polarity connection of the storage battery, the PD5 control end of U1 outputs high level to enable Q6 to be conducted, the L ED01 indicator light is turned on to indicate the reverse connection or polarity connection of the storage battery, and corresponding processing is carried out after a user sees the high level.

In fig. 5, U3 is the opto-coupler, and the positive pole of D1 is connected to its inside emitting diode's negative pole, and BAT (+) is connected to the negative pole of D1, promptly the utility model discloses the positive end of output of charger, R19 is connected to this emitting diode's positive pole, and R19's other end ground connection, the emitting electrode ground connection of the inside output triode of U3 opto-coupler, and the PB4 end of its collecting electrode connection R20 and U1 microprocessor in fig. 4. When a control system of the charger detects the phenomenon of reverse connection or polarity connection of the storage battery, a light-emitting diode in the U3 optocoupler is conducted and emits light, so that a triode of an output stage of the light-emitting diode is conducted, and an output signal of the PB4 is at a low level; when the control system of the charger detects that the connection polarity of the storage battery is normal, the light-emitting diode in the U3 optocoupler is not conducted and does not emit light, so that the triode of the output stage of the light-emitting diode is cut off, and the output signal of the PB4 is at a high level. Therefore, the U1 microprocessor control system in fig. 4 can know whether the charger is normally connected or not by detecting the level of PB4, and whether the charger is connected reversely or with reverse polarity is detected.

In fig. 5, L ED5 is a battery full indicator, the cathode of the indicator is connected with the collector of Q9, the emitter of Q9 is grounded, the base of Q9 is connected with R33, the anode of L ED5 is connected with R32 and then connected to +5V power supply, the input end of R33 is connected with the PD6 control end of the U1 microprocessor in fig. 4, when the control system of the charger detects the battery full phenomenon, the PD6 control end of U1 outputs high level to turn on Q9, L ED5 indicator lights to indicate the battery full phenomenon, and the user sees the signal and then carries out corresponding processing.

In the circuit of the present invention, IC1 (T L494) is a PWM (pulse width modulation) control chip with high integration and low power consumption, 16 pins, 14 pins REF is a reference voltage +5V terminal, two operational amplifiers are provided inside, the outputs of the two operational amplifiers (i.e. 3 pins output of the chip) determine the width of the driving pulse of the inverter switch tube, the chip determines the operating frequency of the switching transistors Q3 and Q4 in fig. 2 by means of the external resistor R19 and the capacitor C5 respectively connected to the 6 pins and 5 pins, 8 pins (C1) and 11 pins (C2) output two columns of square wave driving pulses, the interval time between the two columns of driving pulses, i.e. the dead time is determined by the parameters of the external device connected to the 4 pins (DTC), the dead time is determined by reasonable parameters, and is enough suitable dead time can be obtained to ensure the normal alternate conduction of the switching transistors Q3 and Q4 in fig. 2, if the dead time is too short, the switching transistors Q3 and Q4 in fig. can not be conducted to control the inverter switch tube Q632, and the inverter switch tube can not be failed.

Square wave signals alternately output by an 8 pin (C1) and an 11 pin (C2) of an IC1 chip are processed by a circuit composed of triodes Q1 and Q2 and peripheral devices in fig. 2, and then the work of switching triodes Q3 and Q4 in fig. 2 is controlled by a driving transformer T2 and a driving circuit thereof, so that the switching transistors Q3 and Q4 can realize inverted output control according to a set working frequency and a PWM pulse width determined by circuits such as an IC1, and thus different output voltages and current magnitudes of the charger are obtained.

To the utility model discloses a charger, under 6V voltage output mode, along with going on of charging process, the voltage at 6V battery storage battery both ends can rise gradually, when output charging voltage is less than 7V, the utility model discloses the circuit of charger can realize the constant current charging under the settlement current, simultaneously, "charge" pilot lamp L ED4 lights, show that the battery is charging, when output charging voltage is greater than 7.3V, the utility model discloses the charging current of charger can reduce, when the electric current reduces to being less than 1.2A, control system can make "full of" L ED5 light, show that 6V battery charging has been in full-up state.

When the output charging voltage is greater than 14.6V, the charging current of the charger can be reduced, when the current is reduced to be less than 1.2A, the control system can turn on a 'full-charge' L ED5 lamp to indicate that the 12V storage battery is charged fully.

Because the utility model discloses a dozens of KHz's intermediate frequency contravariant transform control, therefore compare with traditional transformer rectifier output control's charger, can reduce the size and the weight of transformer by a wide margin, realize purpose such as material-conservation, energy-conservation.

In summary, the output voltage and the current of the charger are controlled by the circuit. These controls are important prerequisites for ensuring stable operation of the charger.

It is thus clear that good circuit and structural design are the utility model discloses an advantage place also is the important guarantee that satisfies high efficiency, high reliability, manufacturing technology advance. The protection content of the utility model discloses the patent application just lies in protecting the circuit and the structural design of this kind of charger.

The above description is a detailed description of the present invention with reference to specific charger structures and circuit boards and control functions, and it should not be understood that the present invention is limited to these specific embodiments. It is right other technical personnel in technical field do not deviate from the utility model discloses under the prerequisite of design, can also make a plurality of simple deductions and replacement, these all should regard as belonging to the utility model discloses the scope of protection.

Claims

1. A microprocessor-controlled charger capable of continuously adjusting current and having multiple protection functions is characterized in that: the main parts of the charger comprise a handle, a shell upper cover, a power tube radiator I, a main control panel assembly, a cooling fan, a power line and a pull-off device thereof, a fan mesh enclosure, a red charging clip, a black charging clip, an output line pull-off device, a shell base, a shell panel and a control panel assembly; the charger is provided with two circuit board assemblies, one is a main control board assembly, the other is a control panel assembly, and corresponding circuit connections are carried out between the main control board assembly and the control panel assembly as well as between a power supply power line, two storage battery cell clamps and the like; a plurality of electronic components and parts are arranged on the main control panel assembly, and the electronic components and parts comprise a fine adjustment potentiometer, a control chip, a differential mode capacitor, a rectifier bridge, a driving transformer, an electrolytic capacitor, a first triode, a second triode, a fast recovery diode, a filter inductor, a second radiator and a field effect tube; a plurality of electronic components and parts are also arranged on the control panel assembly and comprise a current regulation encoder, a nixie tube, a mode selection key, an indicator light and a microprocessor controller, and a power supply line provides an external power supply for the circuit board of the charger;

the power supply circuit comprises a main control panel component, a full-bridge rectifier, an N-type field effect transistor, a full-bridge rectifier, a full-bridge inverter, a full-bridge rectifier, a full-capacitor, a full-bridge rectifier, a full-capacitor, a full-transistor, a full-capacitor, a full-transistor, a full-capacitor, a full-transistor, a full-bridge, a full-transistor, a full-bridge, a full-capacitor, a full-transistor, a full-capacitor, a full-bridge, a full-capacitor, a full-transistor, a full-capacitor, a full-transistor, a full-bridge, a full-capacitor, a full-bridge, a full-capacitor, a full-inverter, a full-bridge, a full-capacitor, a full-bridge, a;

2. The microprocessor controlled continuously adjustable current charger of claim 1 with multiple protection functions, wherein: the output part of the half-bridge inverter main circuit is also provided with a cooling fan power supply circuit and a protection control circuit; for the cooling fan power supply circuit, its composition characteristics are: the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C4, the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C4 is grounded, two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 are connected with a resistor R5 and a resistor R44 in parallel, two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 are connected with a 12V cooling FAN FAN through a plug CN2, and simultaneously connected with one ends of resistors R4 and R40 in a low-voltage side driving circuit of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 in the inverter main circuit and are used as a feedback signal Uf end of the output voltage of the charger, and the circuit of the part is called a cooling FAN power supply circuit.

3. The charging device comprises a main half-bridge inverter circuit, a PWM chip, a resistor R, a field effect transistor Q, a resistor R, a resistor Q, a resistor D, a resistor C, a resistor D, a resistor C, a resistor.

4. The microprocessor-controlled continuously adjustable current charger with multiple protection functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control panel circuit further comprises a L ED lamp control circuit portion, the cathode of L ED lamp is connected with the collector of a transistor Q5, the emitter of the transistor Q5 is grounded, the base of the transistor Q5 is connected with a resistor R24, the anode of L ED lamp is connected with a resistor R21 and then connected to a +5V power supply, and the input end of the resistor R24 is connected with the PD4 control end of the microprocessor U1.

5. The microprocessor-controlled continuously adjustable current charger with multiple protection functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control panel circuit further comprises a battery reverse connection or reverse polarity connection protection indicator lamp circuit, the circuit is characterized in that the cathode of the diode L ED01 is connected with the collector of the field effect transistor Q6, the emitter of the field effect transistor Q6 is grounded, the base of the field effect transistor Q6 is connected with the resistor R23, the anode of the diode L ED01 is connected with the resistor R22 and then connected with the +5V power supply, and the input end of the resistor R23 is connected with the control end of the PD5 of the microprocessor U1.

6. The microprocessor-controlled continuously adjustable current charger with multiple protection functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control panel circuit further comprises a battery full indicator circuit, said circuit is composed of a diode L ED5 having its cathode connected to the collector of FET Q9, the emitter of FET Q9 connected to ground, a resistor R33 connected to the base of FET Q9, a diode L ED5 having its anode connected to resistor R32 and then connected to +5V power supply, and a resistor R33 having its input connected to the control terminal of PD6 of microprocessor U1.

7. The microprocessor controlled continuously adjustable current charger of claim 1 with multiple protection functions, wherein: the control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery reverse connection or polarity reverse connection circuit, the circuit is formed by connecting the cathode of a light-emitting diode in an optocoupler U3 with the anode of a diode D1, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the output positive polarity end of a charger, the anode of the light-emitting diode is connected with a resistor R19, the other end of the resistor R19 is grounded, the emitter of an output triode in the optocoupler U3 is grounded, and the collector of the output triode is connected with a resistor R20 and the PB4 end of a microprocessor U1.