CN110867939A

CN110867939A - Microprocessor controlled current adjustable charger with multiple protection functions

Info

Publication number: CN110867939A
Application number: CN201911277241.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡献; 魏继昆; 田坤; 朱宣东
Original assignee: Zhejiang Kende Mechanical and Electrical CO Ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Kende Mechanical and Electrical CO Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-12
Filing date: 2019-12-12
Publication date: 2020-03-06

Abstract

The invention relates to a microprocessor controlled current adjustable charger with multiple protection functions, a designed novel charger can automatically charge a 6V or 12V storage battery, a control panel is provided with two working modes of 6V/12V, the charger can automatically judge and select and is indicated by corresponding 6V and 12V indicating lamps; the charging voltage display, the current display and the storage battery electric quantity display indicator lamp are arranged, and the mode selection touch type key is used for selection control; the device is provided with two current selection control touch keys, the charging current is 2.5A or 10A respectively, the current cannot be continuously adjusted, and corresponding indicator lights are used for indicating; the device is provided with a prompt for charging and full charging of the storage battery, reverse connection of the polarity when the storage battery is connected, and a warning indicator lamp for short circuit or no connection of the storage battery; the invention has small size and volume, light weight and convenient carrying.

Description

Microprocessor controlled current adjustable charger with multiple protection functions

Technical Field

The invention relates to an electronically-controlled storage battery charger product, in particular to a microprocessor-controlled current-adjustable charger with multiple protection functions, and belongs to the technical field of storage battery chargers.

Technical Field

At present, the competition of the storage battery charger product market is not only reflected in the technical advancement, but also depends on the functions, the appearance, the structural design of a control circuit and a complete machine of the charger, the advancement of the production and manufacturing process, the production efficiency, the production cost, the consistency and the reliability of the product and the like to a certain extent.

At present, in domestic and foreign markets, the output voltage of a small-sized storage battery charger is generally in the 6V/12V grade, and the rated charging current is generally 1-20A. The charging current of some charger products can reach the level of hundreds of amperes of current. Battery chargers of low current class (e.g., 2A, 8A, 10A, etc.) are often the mainstream products when low cost is a concern. In the market, many of such battery charger products are designed by using a traditional transformer plus rectifier type control circuit and the structure thereof. The charger adopts an output control mode that a transformer is adopted to convert low-voltage alternating current and then the alternating current is rectified, so that the charger product has low technical level and comprises the following components: the transformer and the rectifier have the problems of large size, large heat productivity, low working energy conversion efficiency, few control functions, large volume, heavy weight, high consumption of raw materials for manufacturing, large waste and the like of a charger product. In recent years, the development of electronic technology has also driven the development of electronically controlled battery chargers. The control technology mode adopted by the novel electronic control type storage battery charger for meeting the output requirement is obviously different from the traditional transformer rectifier type charger product, so that the novel electronic control type storage battery charger is greatly superior to the traditional charger in the aspects of technical performance, energy conservation, material saving and the like. Advanced technology greatly reduces the size and weight of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger, increases a plurality of control functions, is not in the traditional circuit and structure form, but adopts the control circuit form of a high-frequency switching power supply or a medium-frequency inverter power supply, and the like, and the magnetic core material for manufacturing a transformer is fundamentally changed. Such as having automatic detection and control of the charging voltage and current of the battery; the current and voltage control precision is high, and the control response speed is high; the functions of charge state display, reverse polarity connection, disconnection or short circuit protection and the like can be set; and various control modes such as constant voltage, constant current, floating charge and the like can be realized. The output rectifier of the novel electronic control charger is not a rectifier formed by common diodes any more, but an output rectifier formed by fast recovery diodes is adopted. The self heating value of the storage battery charger is greatly reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency of the charger product is greatly improved. The economical efficiency is also outstanding in the aspects of energy saving, material saving and the like. Because the control of the output parameters (voltage and current) of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger adopts the control modes of switching power supply conversion or inversion and the like, the novel charger of the switching power supply or inversion control technology is known as a novel efficient and energy-saving charging power supply, and represents the development direction of the storage battery charger power supply in the future. Because the internal control device of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger works in a high-frequency or intermediate-frequency switching state, the energy consumed by the novel electronic control type storage battery charger is extremely low, and therefore the efficiency of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger can reach more than 90%, and is improved by nearly one time compared with the efficiency of a traditional transformer rectifier type charger. With the rapid development of charger power supply control technology, a high-efficiency switch power supply or an inverter control type novel charger is developing towards the direction of multifunction, miniaturization, high frequency and high integration, and is applied more and more widely, and is certainly a substitute of a traditional charger in the future.

The novel electronic control type storage battery charger mainly realizes the functions of products and improves the performance of the products by depending on a circuit board and a control circuit on the circuit board, and compared with the traditional transformer rectifier type charger, the circuits of the novel electronic control type storage battery charger are much more complicated; the production process technology is mainly based on the circuit board manufacturing process technology, and certainly, under the same output voltage and current level, different products, circuit principles, circuit board designs and production modes of the products can be completely different, which all affect the technical performance, reliability, production and manufacturing costs, product market competitiveness and the like of the products, that is, chargers with different structures and circuit designs have larger differences in technical parameters, service performance, production efficiency, even product appearance, reliability, market competitiveness and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a microprocessor-controlled current-adjustable charger with multiple protection functions, the designed novel charger can automatically charge a 6V or 12V storage battery, two working modes of 6V/12V are provided, the charger can automatically judge and select and is indicated by corresponding 6V and 12V indicating lamps; the charging voltage display, the current display and the storage battery electric quantity display indicator lamp are arranged, and the mode selection touch type key is used for selection control; the device is provided with two current selection control touch keys, the charging current is 2.5A or 10A respectively, the current cannot be continuously adjusted, and 2.5A and 10A current LED indicating lamps are arranged; the device is provided with a prompt for charging and full charging of the storage battery, reverse connection of the polarity when the storage battery is connected, and a warning indicator lamp for short circuit or no connection of the storage battery; the invention has small volume, light weight and convenient carrying.

The utility model provides a microprocessor control current is adjustable takes multiple protect function's charger which characterized in that: the main parts of the charger comprise a handle, a shell upper cover, a power tube radiator (I), a main control panel assembly, a cooling fan, a power line and a pull-off device thereof, a fan mesh enclosure, a red charging clip, a black charging clip, an output line pull-off device, a shell base, a shell panel and a control panel assembly; the charger is provided with two circuit board assemblies, one is a main control board assembly, the other is a control panel assembly, and corresponding circuit connections are carried out between the main control board assembly and the control panel assembly as well as between a power supply power line, two storage battery cell clamps and the like; a plurality of electronic components and parts are arranged on the main control panel assembly, and the electronic components and parts comprise a fine adjustment potentiometer, a control chip, a differential mode capacitor, a rectifier bridge, a driving transformer, an electrolytic capacitor, a triode (I), a triode (II), a fast recovery diode, a filter inductor, a radiator (II) and a field effect transistor; a plurality of electronic components and parts are also arranged on the control panel assembly, the electronic components and parts comprise a current selection key, a nixie tube, a mode selection key, an indicator light and a microprocessor controller, and a power supply line provides an external power supply for the circuit board of the charger; the main control board assembly mainly comprises a filter capacitor C9, a rectifier bridge BR1, electrolytic capacitors C10 and C11, resistors R29 and R30, NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4, an inverter transformer T1, a fast recovery rectifier diode D1, a filter inductor L1, a triode Q7, a field-effect transistor Q8, a driving transformer T2, a PWM control chip IC1, and a plurality of resistors, capacitors, diodes and triodes; the half-bridge inverter main circuit is formed by a filter capacitor C9, a rectifier bridge BR1, electrolytic capacitors C10 and C11, resistors R29 and R30, NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4, a transformer T1, a diode D1, a filter inductor L1 and peripheral devices of the resistors, two ends of a filter capacitor C9 of the half-bridge inverter main circuit are connected with a 220-plus 240V power supply line, an input end of the rectifier bridge BR1 is also connected with two ends of the power supply, an output end of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected in parallel with the electrolytic capacitors C11 and C10 in series, an anode of an electrolytic capacitor C11 of the half-bridge inverter main circuit is connected with an output anode of the rectifier bridge BR1, a cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C10 is grounded, and two ends of each electrolytic capacitor are respectively; the rectifier bridge BR1 rectifies the voltage and generates a high voltage of about +310V after being filtered by electrolytic capacitors C11 and C10, a series circuit of an NPN type triode Q3 and Q4 is connected in parallel at two ends of the +310V high voltage to the ground, a collector of an NPN type triode Q3 is connected with the +310V end, an emitter of an NPN type triode Q3 is connected with a collector of an NPN type triode Q4, and an emitter of the NPN type triode Q4 is grounded, namely the ground of + 310V; a diode D11 is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the NPN type triode Q3, and the anode of the diode D11 is connected with the emitter of the NPN type triode Q3; a diode D12 is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the NPN type triode Q4, and the anode of the diode D12 is connected with the emitter of the NPN type triode Q4; the end N4 of the driving transformer T2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C14 and one end of a primary N1, the other end of the capacitor C14 is connected with a resistor R36, the other end of a resistor R36 is connected with the other end of the primary N1 of the transformer T1, the connection point is connected with one end of a capacitor C18, and the other end of the capacitor C18 is connected with the middle connection point of an electrolytic capacitor C11 and the electrolytic capacitor C10; NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 are switching tubes of a half-bridge inverter circuit; electrolytic capacitors C11 and C10 are commutation capacitors of a half-bridge inverter circuit; the main transformer T1 has 4 secondary windings, which are respectively secondary windings N2, N3, N4 and N5, and secondary windings N2 and N3 are connected in series and are grounded in the middle; the other ends of the two secondary windings N2 and N3 are connected with the anode of a diode D1 to form a full-wave output rectifying circuit with a center tap; the secondary windings N4 and N5 are also connected in series, the middle of the secondary windings is grounded, the other ends of the two secondary windings N4 and N5 are also connected with anodes of diodes D19 and D18, cathodes of the two secondary windings are connected with an anode of a diode D20, direct-current voltage is output through a cathode of the diode D20, the direct-current voltage is connected to a plug CN4, the direct-current voltage is connected to a plug CN1 of a control panel circuit part through a connecting wire, and working voltage is provided for a circuit of a field effect transistor Q10 part for realizing 6V or 12V voltage conversion control; the connection point of the secondary windings N4 and N5 is provided with a tap ground, and the circuit part forms a full-wave output rectifying circuit with a center tap; the cathodes of the two diodes D1 are connected, and the anodes of the two diodes D1 are respectively connected to the other ends of the secondary windings N2 and N3 of the transformer T1; two ends of the two diodes D1 are respectively connected with a capacitor C15 and a capacitor C16 in parallel, the cathodes of the two diodes D1 are connected with one end of a filter inductor L1, the other end of the filter inductor L1 is connected with resistors R16 and R53 and the S pole of a field-effect tube Q8, the G grid of the field-effect tube Q8 is connected with the other end of the resistor R53 and the collector of a triode Q7, and the emitter of the triode Q7 is grounded; the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8 is connected to the output end of the charger, two ends of the field effect transistor Q8 are connected in parallel with a diode, the cathode of the diode is connected with the S pole of the diode, and the anode of the diode is connected with the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8; the base of the triode Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R52, the other end of the resistor R52 is connected with the pin 1 of the plug CN5, and the pin 2 of the plug CN5 is grounded; pin 1 of plug CN5 is connected to pin 1 of plug CN3 and is connected with the control end of microprocessor U1; the output of the charger is connected to

pins

1 and 3 of the plug CN3, and then connected to the plug CN3 through the connecting wires, respectively, that is, the output detected battery voltage is supplied to the microprocessor U1.

The output part of the half-bridge inverter main circuit is also provided with a cooling fan power supply circuit and a protection control circuit; for the cooling fan power supply circuit, its composition characteristics are: the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C4, the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C4 is grounded, two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 are connected with a resistor R5 and a resistor R44 in parallel, two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 are connected with a 12V cooling FAN FAN through a plug CN2, and simultaneously connected with one ends of resistors R4 and R40 in a low-voltage side driving circuit of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 in the inverter main circuit and are used as a feedback signal Uf end of the output voltage of the charger, and the circuit of the part is called a cooling FAN power supply circuit.

The output part of the half-bridge inverter main circuit is also provided with a protection control circuit; the protection control circuit is connected with a resistor R16, a resistor R53 and the S pole of a field-effect tube Q8 at the other end of an output filter inductor L1, the G grid of the field-effect tube Q8 is connected with the other end of a resistor R53 and the collector of a triode Q7, and the emitter of the triode Q7 is grounded; the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8 is connected to the output end of the charger, two ends of the field effect transistor Q8 are connected in parallel with a diode, the cathode of the diode is connected with the S pole of the diode, and the anode of the diode is connected with the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8; the base electrode of the triode Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R52, the other end of the resistor R52 is connected with a pin 1 of the plug CN5, and a pin 2 of the plug CN5 is grounded; pin 1 of plug CN5 is connected to pin 1 of CN3 plug, i.e., the control terminal of microprocessor U1; the high-voltage side driving circuit of the NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 comprises a secondary winding N3, N4 and N5 of a driving transformer T2, a plurality of resistors, electrolytic capacitors C12 and C13 and diodes D7-D10, and the specific circuit structure form is as follows: the base electrode of an NPN type triode Q3 is connected with a resistor R32, the other end of a resistor R32 is connected with one ends of a resistor R33 and a resistor R37 and the cathode end of an electrolytic capacitor C12 and a diode D8, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with a +310V end, and the other end of the resistor R37 is connected with the emitter electrode of an NPN type triode Q3 and the same name end of a secondary winding N4 of a driving transformer T2; the anode of the diode D8 is connected with the cathode of the diode D7, the anode of the diode D7 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C12, and is also connected with the same-name end of the secondary winding N5 of the driving transformer T2; the secondary winding N5 and the secondary winding N4 are connected in series, and the different-name end of the secondary winding N5 is connected with the same-name end of the secondary winding N4; the synonym terminal of the secondary winding N4 is connected with the capacitor C14 and one end of the primary winding N1 of the inverter transformer T1; the base electrode of the NPN type triode Q4 is connected with a resistor R35, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected with one end of a resistor R34 and a resistor R38, the cathode end of an electrolytic capacitor C13 and a diode D10, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected with the emitter electrode of the NPN type triode Q3, the other end of the resistor R38 is connected with the emitter electrode of the NPN type triode Q4 and the same name end of a secondary winding N3 of a driving transformer T2, and the ground end is + 310V; the anode of the diode D10 is connected with the cathode of the diode D9, the anode of the diode D9 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C13, and is also connected with the synonym terminal of the secondary winding N3 of the driving transformer T2; the low-voltage side driving circuit of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 in the main inverter circuit comprises primary windings N1 and N2 of a driving transformer T2, a PWM control chip IC1 and peripheral devices of the primary windings N1 and N2 which are connected in series, and the synonym end of the primary winding N2 is connected with the synonym end of the primary winding N1; the synonym end of the primary winding N1 is connected with the collector of a triode Q1 and the cathode of a diode D6, the emitter of the triode Q1 is connected with the anodes of a diode D6 and a diode D3, and the emitter of a triode Q2; the dotted terminal of the primary winding N2 is connected with the collector of a triode Q2 and the cathode of a diode D3, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the anodes of diodes D3, D4 and D6, the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C7 and the emitter of the triode Q1, the cathode of a diode D4 is connected with the anode of a diode D5, and the cathode of an electrolytic capacitor C7 and the cathode of the diode D5 are grounded; the center taps of the primary winding N1 and the N2 winding are connected with a resistor R31, the other end of the resistor R31 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2, the anode of a diode D2 is connected with the cathode of a diode D13, the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C5, one ends of resistors R21, R24 and R22, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with a pin 12 of a PWM control chip IC1, namely the + VCC working voltage input end of the chip, and an electrolytic capacitor E9 is connected between the ends of the terminals in parallel; the other end of the resistor R24 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1, one end of the resistor R20 and the pin 8 of the PWM control chip IC1, i.e., one end of the PWM control chip IC1 outputting the PWM pulse width control signal, and the other end of the resistor R20 is grounded, and similarly, the resistor R22 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2, one end of the resistor R23 and the pin 11 of the PWM control chip IC1, i.e., the other end of the IC1 outputting the PWM pulse width control signal, and the other end of the resistor R23 is grounded; the anode of the diode D13 is connected with the output end of a fast recovery diode D1 in the inverter main circuit; the PWM control signal generation, output voltage negative feedback and PI control circuit part is grounded by a pin 9 and a pin 10 of a PWM control chip IC1, a pin 4 of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with the cathode of an electrolytic capacitor C8 and one end of a resistor R18, the anode of the electrolytic capacitor C8 is connected to a +5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R18 is grounded; the pin 16 of the PWM control chip IC1 is grounded, the pin 6 of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with a resistor R19, and the other end of the resistor R19 is grounded; the 5 pin of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with an electrolytic capacitor C5, and the other end of the electrolytic capacitor C5 is grounded; through the parameter combination of the resistor R19 and the electrolytic capacitor C5, the PWM signal frequency output by the

pins

8 and 11 of the PWM control chip IC1 is 30 KHz; the pin 7 of the PWM control chip IC1 is grounded, and the pin 13 of the IC1 is connected with a +5V power supply; a pin 1 of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with one ends of a resistor R8, a resistor R7, a resistor R4 and a resistor R25, the other ends of a resistor R7 and a resistor R8 are grounded, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with a voltage feedback signal output by the charger; the other end of resistor R25 is connected to pin 3 of pin CN4 and to pin 3 of pin CN 1; a pin 2 of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, a resistor R17 and a capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with a +5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R17 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with a resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with a pin 3 of the PWM control chip IC1, the resistor R11 and an RJ1, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with a capacitor C6, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded; the other end of the resistor RJ1 is connected with a capacitor C2, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with a pin 15 of a PWM control chip IC1 and one ends of resistors R26, R27, R28 and R39, the other ends of the resistors R27 and R28 are connected with a +5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with a trimming potentiometer R2, the other end of the resistor R39 is connected with a pin 2 of a CH4 plug, one end of the resistor R40 is connected with the power supply, and the other end of the resistor R40 is connected with a pin 4 of a CN4 and is connected with a pin 4 of the CN 1.

The control panel assembly comprises a control panel circuit, wherein the control panel circuit comprises a power supply selection circuit, a voltage, current and electric quantity display mode conversion circuit, a microprocessor voltage detection and current feedback control circuit, a PWMA current given signal output circuit, a nixie tube display circuit and an LED indicator lamp control circuit; the resistor R30 is connected in series with the selection key S2 and is connected between the +5V power supply and the ground in parallel, and the middle connection point of the resistor R30 and the ground is connected to the PB6 end of the microprocessor U1 to form a power supply circuit and a selection circuit; the resistor R31 is connected in series with the voltage-current electric quantity display mode conversion key S1 and is connected in parallel between a +5V power supply and the ground, and the middle connection point of the resistor R31 and the ground is connected to the PB7 end of the microprocessor U1 to form a voltage-current electric quantity display mode conversion circuit; the resistor R18 and the resistor R36 are connected with the field effect transistor Q4 and the field effect transistor Q10; the input end of the resistor R18 is connected with the PD7 end of the microprocessor U1 to form a 6V or 12V switching control circuit; the circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, an operational amplifier U2, resistors R1-R6, R25, R26 and capacitors C1-C5; the input signal of the resistor R3 is a detection signal of the output current of the charger; a resistor R5 and a capacitor C2 are connected in parallel between the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 and the output end thereof, and the inverting input end thereof is grounded after being connected with a resistor R4; the resistor R3 is the resistor of the non-inverting input end of the resistor R, and in addition, the non-inverting input end is also connected with an anti-interference filter capacitor C2 in parallel; the output of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the PB2 end of the microprocessor U1 through a resistor R6, and an anti-interference filter capacitor C3 is connected between the PB2 end and the ground in parallel; the output end of the resistor R25 is connected with a resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected with a capacitor C5 and a resistor R26, the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with a pin 1 of a plug CN2, and a pin 2 of the plug CN2 is grounded; CN2 is connected with a corresponding connection point of the plug CN4 through a connecting wire; the output signal of the microprocessor U1 is connected to pin 1 of the plug CN3, and pin 1 of the plug CN5 is connected through a connecting wire to form a microprocessor voltage detection and current feedback control circuit and a PWMA current given signal output circuit; the nixie tube display circuit and the LED indicator lamp control circuit comprise a nixie tube DPY1, a nixie tube DPY2 and a nixie tube DPY 3; the control circuit of the nixie tube DPY1 is formed by connecting an S1 end of a nixie tube DPY1 with a collector of an NPN type triode Q1, grounding an emitter of the NPN type triode Q1, connecting a base of an NPN type triode Q1 with a resistor R7, and connecting an input end of a resistor R7 with a COM1 end of a microprocessor U1; the control circuit of the nixie tube DPY2 is formed by connecting an S1 end of a nixie tube DPY2 with a collector of an NPN type triode Q2, grounding an emitter of the NPN type triode Q2, connecting a base of an NPN type triode Q2 with a resistor R8, and connecting an input end of a resistor R8 with a COM2 end of a microprocessor U1; the control circuit of the nixie tube DPY3 is formed by connecting the S1 end of the nixie tube DPY3 with the collector of an NPN type triode Q3, the emitter of the NPN type triode Q3 is grounded, the base of the NPN type triode Q3 is connected with a resistor R9, the input end of the resistor R9 is connected with the COM3 end of a microprocessor U1, and the display data of the nixie tube is determined by the data display control signal from the microprocessor U1; the control signals of the data display control signals from the microprocessor U1 and the common gating of the selection keys come from COM1, COM2 and COM3 of the microprocessor U1; the output end of a PA3 of the microprocessor U1 is connected with a resistor R29, the other end of the resistor R29 is connected with an NPN type triode Q8, the emitting electrode of the NPN type triode Q8 is grounded, and the collecting electrode of the NPN type triode Q8 is connected with the common cathode points of a plurality of LED indicator lamps.

The storage battery is not connected or the short-circuit protection indicator lamp, namely, the LED00 lamp control circuit part is characterized in that: the cathode of the LED00 lamp is connected with the collector of Q5, the emitter of Q5 is grounded, the base of Q5 is connected with R24, and the anode of LED00 is connected with R21 and then connected with a +5V power supply. The input end of the R24 is connected with the PD4 control end of the U1 microprocessor in figure 4.

The control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery reverse connection or polarity reverse connection protection indicator lamp circuit, and the circuit is characterized in that the cathode of the diode LED01 is connected with the collector of the field-effect tube Q6, the emitter of the field-effect tube Q6 is grounded, the base of the field-effect tube Q6 is connected with the resistor R23, and the anode of the diode LED01 is connected with the +5V power supply after being connected with the resistor R22; the input end of the resistor R23 is connected with the PD5 control end of the microprocessor U1.

The control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery full indicator lamp circuit, wherein the circuit is formed by connecting the cathode of a diode LED5 with the collector of a field-effect tube Q9, the emitter of the field-effect tube Q9 is grounded, the base of the field-effect tube Q9 is connected with a resistor R33, the anode of a diode LED5 is connected with a resistor R32 and then connected to a +5V power supply, and the input end of the resistor R33 is connected with the PD6 control end of a microprocessor U1.

The control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery reverse connection or polarity reverse connection circuit, the circuit is formed by connecting the cathode of a light-emitting diode in an optocoupler U3 with the anode of a diode D1, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the output positive polarity end of a charger, the anode of the light-emitting diode is connected with a resistor R19, the other end of the resistor R19 is grounded, the emitter of an output triode in the optocoupler U3 is grounded, and the collector of the output triode is connected with a resistor R20 and the PB4 end of a microprocessor U1.

The charger adopts an advanced inversion control technology, and has the advantages of good performance, high reliability, small volume, light weight, low cost and the like. By changing the configuration specification and parameters of different devices or parts, a series of products meeting national and international standards can be formed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary charger product of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main control circuit portion of the charger of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic (one) of the control panel portion of the charger of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the control panel portion of the charger of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the control panel portion of the charger of the present invention (III);

the names of the components in the drawings are as follows: 1. a handle; 2. an upper cover of the shell; 3. a power tube radiator I; 4. a main control panel; 5. a cooling fan; 6. power lines and pull-off thereof; 7. a fan guard; 8. (positive polarity) red charging clip; 9. (negative polarity) black charging clip; 10. the output wire is not pulled off; 11. a housing base; 12. a case panel; 13. a control panel; 14. trimming a potentiometer; 15. a control chip; 16. a differential mode capacitance; 17. a rectifier bridge; 18. a drive transformer; 19. an electrolytic capacitor; 20. a triode I; 21. a triode (II); 22. a fast recovery diode; 23. a filter inductor; 24. a second heat sink; 25. a field effect transistor.

Detailed Description

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary charger product of the present invention, the battery charger of the present invention relates to a charger structure and circuit design with multiple protection functions for microprocessor controlled 6V and 12V current step adjustment, and is characterized in that: the power supply line provides an external power supply for the circuit board of the charger. The two battery cell clamps are divided into red and black. During charging, the red color represents the positive polarity output by the charger and is connected with the positive polarity terminal of the storage battery; black represents the negative polarity of the charger output and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The designed novel charger can automatically charge a 6V or 12V storage battery. The charger of the invention, the control panel 13 of the charger of the storage battery of the invention is provided with a yellow LED indicator light which is charging, a green full-charge state LED indicator light, a red polarity reverse LED indicator light when the storage battery is connected, and an LED indicator light which is not connected with the storage battery or outputs short circuit warning by the charger. The indicating lamps can carry out corresponding indication according to different detection states under the action of the control circuit; the control software programming interface of the microprocessor controller is arranged, so that written control programs can be written conveniently; the display nixie tube is arranged and can display voltage, current and electric quantity data of the storage battery. What data are displayed specifically depends on whether a voltage display green LED indicator light, a current display green LED indicator light and a storage battery electric quantity display green LED indicator light are lighted or not, and the display of the voltage, the current and the storage battery electric quantity can be selected through mode selection or switching keys; a selection button with charging current of 2.5A or 10A is arranged, and 2.5A and 10A current LED indicator lamps are arranged; in addition, a plurality of electronic components and parts identified in the circuit schematic diagrams of fig. 3, 4 and 5 are also arranged, and when the voltage display indicator light is on, the nixie tube displays the actual charging voltage of the battery; when the current display indicator lamp is on, the nixie tube displays the actual charging current of the battery. When the charging current is adjusted, the set current can be displayed through the nixie tube, and the original display state can be automatically returned after 2 seconds; when the electric quantity display indicator lamp is on, the nixie tube displays the full charge degree of the battery; for the 6V indicator light and the 12V indicator light, when the charger is connected with the storage battery and electrified, the charger can automatically judge whether the connected storage battery is a 6V storage battery or a 12V storage battery. For example, if the charger is connected to a 6V storage battery, the charger automatically judges that the storage battery is a 6V storage battery after being electrified, and the 6V indicating lamp is turned on at the moment; when the warning indicator lamp is on, the output of the warning charger is not connected with the battery or the output clamp is short-circuited; when the reverse connection indicator light is on, the positive pole and the negative pole of the output clip are prompted to be reversely connected; when the full indicator light is on, the battery is fully charged; when the charging indicator light is on, the charging state of the battery is indicated. Besides the functions of automatically detecting and identifying 6V and 12V storage batteries, the charger also has the functions of short-circuit protection, overload protection and automatic storage. The charger of the present invention has a size of 175X 200X 105 mm. The weight was 1.4 kg. Not only has small volume, but also has light weight and convenient carrying. The charger comprises an outer shell, parts which are arranged in the outer shell and form the charger, and a corresponding operating panel and a circuit board. The main parts of the charger of the invention comprise: the charger comprises a charger bottom shell, a charger outer cover, a main control (circuit) board assembly, a control panel assembly, a power supply line, two storage battery cell clamps, a cable (wire) fastener and the like. The charger adopts the internal structure of two circuit boards, and two circuit board assemblies, a power supply line, two storage battery cell clamps and the like are correspondingly connected in a circuit way.

The charger of the invention has the following components and circuit working principle:

as shown in fig. 1, the charger of the present invention mainly adopts a structure of two control circuit boards. The charger of the invention mainly comprises a handle 1, a shell upper cover 2, a power tube radiator (I) 3, a main control panel 4, a cooling fan 5, a power line and a pull-off clamp 6 thereof, a fan mesh enclosure 7, a (positive polarity) red charging clamp 8, a (negative polarity) black charging clamp 9, an output line pull-off clamp 10, a shell base 11, a shell panel 12, a control panel 13 and the like. On the main control board 4, there are many electronic components and parts, such as a trimming potentiometer 14, a control chip 15, a differential mode capacitor 16, a rectifier bridge 17, a driving transformer 18, an electrolytic capacitor 19, a transistor (i) 20, a transistor (ii) 21, a fast recovery diode 22, a filter inductor 23, a heat sink (ii) 24, and a field effect transistor 25. There are also many electronic components and parts on the control panel 13, such as 2.5A or 10A current selection keys, a nixie tube, a mode selection key, an indicator light, a microprocessor controller, etc. The main control board 4 of the charger of the present invention is provided with many electronic components and parts, such as those identified in the schematic circuit diagram of fig. 2.

Referring to fig. 2, the main control board 4 mainly includes a C9 filter capacitor, a BR1 rectifier bridge, electrolytic capacitors C10 and C11, resistors R29 and R30, NPN transistors Q3 and Q4, an inverter transformer T1, a fast recovery rectifier diode D1, a filter inductor L1, a transistor Q7, a field effect transistor Q8, a driving transformer T2, a PWM control chip IC1 (TL 494), and many resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors shown in fig. 2. The method is characterized in that:

1) the half-bridge inverter main circuit consists of a C9 filter capacitor, a BR1 rectifier bridge, electrolytic capacitors C10 and C11, resistors R29 and R30, NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4, an inverter transformer T1, a fast recovery rectifier diode D1, a filter inductor L1 and peripheral devices of the filter capacitor, the BR1 rectifier bridge, the electrolytic capacitors C10 and the electrolytic capacitors C11. The half-bridge inverter main circuit is characterized in that: the two ends of the C9 are connected with the two ends of a power supply line L, N of 220-240V, the input end of BR1 is also connected with the two ends of the power supply, the output end of BR1 is connected with a series electrolytic capacitor of C11 and C10 in parallel, the positive pole of C11 is connected with the positive pole of BR1 output, and the negative pole of C10 is grounded. A resistor, such as R29 and R30, is connected in parallel to each end of each electrolytic capacitor. Because BR1 rectifies, and generates about +310V high voltage after C11 and C10 filters, therefore, the resistance is connected in parallel at two ends of the electrolytic capacitor, and the purpose is to release the energy stored in the electrolytic capacitor when the charger does not work, so as to avoid the damage to circuit maintenance personnel. An NPN type triode Q3 and a series circuit of Q4 are connected in parallel at two ends of a +310V high voltage ground, a collector of Q3 is connected with the +310V end, an emitter of Q3 is connected with a collector of Q4, and an emitter of Q4 is grounded, namely the ground of + 310V. Between the collector and emitter of Q3, D11 is connected in parallel, and the anode of D11 is connected with the emitter of Q3. Similarly, between the collector and emitter of Q4, D12 is connected in parallel, and the anode of D12 is connected to the emitter of Q4. The different-name terminal of N4 (the different-name terminal refers to the terminal of T2 transformer winding not marked with "●", the same-name terminal refers to the terminal marked with "●", and the description is not repeated below) is connected with one end of capacitor C14 and primary N1 of inverter transformer T1. The other end of the capacitor C14 is connected to the resistor R36, the other end of R36 is connected to the other end of the primary N1 of the inverter transformer T1, the connection point is connected to one end of the (blocking) capacitor C18, and the other end of C18 is connected to the middle connection point between C11 and C10. NPN-type triodes Q3 and Q4 are switching transistors of a half-bridge inverter circuit, and an IGBT and a MOSFET field effect transistor are not used as the switching transistors in the main circuit of the charger of the present invention. The electrolytic capacitors of C11 and C10 are the commutation capacitors of the half-bridge inverter circuit. In the charger circuit of the present invention, there are 4 secondary windings of the T1 inverter main transformer, which are N2, N3, N4 and N5, respectively. The N2 and N3 windings are connected in series, with the middle connection point being SGND ground. The other end of the two N2 and N3 windings is connected to a fast recovery rectifying output diode D1. Forming a full-wave output rectifying circuit with a center tap; n4 and N5 are also connected in series, the intermediate connection point of which is GND ground, which is also the output BAT (-) of the charger of the invention. The two grounds are different, with a sampling resistor R0 between them. The other ends of the two windings N4 and N5 are also connected with anodes of fast recovery rectifier output diodes D19 and D18, cathodes of the fast recovery rectifier output diodes are connected to an anode of a diode D20, direct-current voltage is output through a cathode of a diode D20, the fast recovery rectifier output diodes are connected to a plug CN4, the fast recovery rectifier output diodes are connected to a plug CN1 of a control panel circuit part through connecting wires, and working voltage is provided for a circuit of a field effect transistor Q10 part for realizing 6V or 12V conversion control. Since the connection point of the windings of N4 and N5 is tapped and connected to GND ground, the circuit constitutes a full-wave output rectifying circuit with a center tap. The fast recovery diode D1 is a structure with two fast recovery diodes in one chip, the cathodes of the two D1 are connected, and the anodes of the two D1 are connected to the other ends of the secondary windings N2 and N3 of the inverter main transformer T1, respectively. Two ends of the two D1 are respectively connected with a capacitor C15 and a capacitor C16 in parallel. The cathodes of the two D1, namely the output voltage + VA terminal thereof (which is connected to the anode terminal of D13 in the Q3 and Q4 low-voltage side driving circuit) are connected to one terminal of an output filter inductor L1, the other terminal of L1 is connected to resistors R16, R53 and the S-pole of a P-channel fet Q8, the G-gate of a fet Q8 is connected to the other terminal of R53 and the collector of a transistor Q7, and the emitter of the transistor Q7 is connected to SGND ground. The D pole of the field effect transistor Q8 is connected to the output terminal BAT (+) of the charger. A diode (belonging to the self-contained Q8) is connected in parallel with two ends of the field effect transistor Q8, the cathode of the diode is connected with the S pole of the diode, and the anode of the diode is connected with the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8. The base of the transistor Q7 is connected to one end of the resistor R52, the other end of R52 is connected to pin 1 of the plug CN5, and pin 2 of CN5 is connected to SGND ground. Pin 1 of plug CN5 is connected to pin 1 of the CN3 plug of fig. 4, namely the PB0 (QD-MOS) control terminal of the U1 microprocessor of fig. 4. The main circuit of the half-bridge inverter has the function that under the action of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 driving circuits, Q3 and Q4 are alternately conducted, so that +310V direct current is converted into alternating current, and then the direct current output of low voltage and large current is obtained at the output part of the main circuit through the voltage and current conversion function of a T1 inverter main transformer and the rectification of a D1 tube. The outputs BAT (+) and BAT (-) of the charger are connected to

pins

1 and 3 of the CN3 plug of fig. 2, and are connected to the CN3 plug of fig. 4, respectively, by connecting wires, i.e., the output detected battery voltage is supplied to the U1 microprocessor of fig. 4.

2) And a cooling fan power supply circuit and a protection control circuit are also arranged at the output part of the half-bridge inverter main circuit. For the cooling fan power supply circuit, its composition characteristics are: the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with the anode of the electrolytic capacitor C4, the cathode of the capacitor C4 is grounded, and the two ends of the capacitor C4 are connected with R5 and R44 in parallel. The voltage across C4 is + VB, which is connected to 12V cooling FAN via plug CN 2. Meanwhile, one end of R4 and R40 in the low-voltage side driving circuit connected to NPN transistors Q3 and Q4 in the main inverter circuit is the feedback signal Uf end of the charger output voltage. The circuit of the part is called a cooling fan power supply circuit. The function of which is to achieve power supply to the cooling fan. For the protection control circuit, the composition characteristics are as follows: the other end of the output filter inductor L1 is connected to resistors R16 and R53 and the S-pole of a P-channel fet Q8 (e.g., UTT50P 06), the G-gate of the fet Q8 is connected to the other end of R53 and the collector of the transistor Q7, and the emitter of the transistor Q7 is connected to SGND ground. The D pole of the field effect transistor Q8 is connected to the output terminal BAT (+) of the charger. A diode (belonging to the self-contained Q8) is connected in parallel with two ends of the field effect transistor Q8, the cathode of the diode is connected with the S pole of the diode, and the anode of the diode is connected with the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8. The base of the transistor Q7 is connected to one end of the resistor R52, the other end of R52 is connected to pin 1 of the plug CN5, and pin 2 of CN5 is connected to SGND ground. Pin 1 of plug CN5 is connected to pin 1 of the CN3 plug in fig. 4, namely the PB0 (QD-MOS) control terminal of the U1 microprocessor.

3) The circuit formed by the parts of Q7 and Q8, R52 and R53 is called a protection control circuit. The functions and effects are as follows: the U1 microprocessor control system of fig. 4 automatically recognizes whether the batteries connected to both terminals BAT (+) and BAT (-) are 6V or 12V by detecting the voltage and connection state of the output terminal of the charger of the present invention. If the battery is not a 6V or 12V battery, Q8 is not turned on, and the protection control of the battery is realized. If the voltage is the storage battery of 6V or 12V, controlling the charging process of the storage battery with the corresponding voltage grade; if the polarity of the batteries connected with the outside at the two ends of BAT (+) and BAT (-) is detected to be connected reversely, the polarity-reverse-connection protection control is realized, the polarity-reverse-connection LED lamp is lightened, and the state indication of the polarity-reverse connection is sent out; if it is detected that the batteries are not connected at the two ends of BAT (+) and BAT (-) or the short circuit phenomenon occurs when the two ends are connected, the unconnected or short-circuit protection control is realized, the unconnected or short-circuit protection LED lamp is lightened, and the status indication of the unconnected or short-circuit protection is sent.

4) The high-voltage side driving circuit of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 is characterized in that: the driving circuit comprises secondary windings N3, N4 and N5 of a driving transformer T2, resistors R32-R35, R37 and R38, electrolytic capacitors C12 and C13 and diodes D7-D10. The specific circuit structure form is as follows: the base of the Q3 is connected with a resistor R32, the other end of the R32 is connected with one ends of the resistors R33 and R37 and the cathode end of the electrolytic capacitor C12 and the diode D8, the other end of the R33 is connected with the +310V end, and the other end of the R37 is connected with the emitter of an NPN type triode Q3 and the same name end of a secondary winding N4 of a driving transformer T2. The anode of D8 is connected to the cathode of the D7 diode, the anode of D7 is connected to the anode of C12 and also to the dotted terminal of the secondary winding N5 of the drive transformer T2. The windings of N5 and N4 are connected in series, and the different-name end of N5 is connected with the same-name end of N4. The synonym terminal of N4 is connected to the capacitor C14 and one terminal of the primary N1 of the inverter transformer T1. The base of Q4 is connected with resistor R35, the other end of R35 is connected with one end of R34 and R38 resistors, the cathode end of C13 electrolytic capacitor and D10 diode, the other end of R34 is connected with the emitter of Q3, the other end of R38 is connected with the emitter of triode Q4 and the same name end of N3 of secondary winding of driving transformer T2, and the other end is also the ground end of + 310V. The anode of D10 is connected to the cathode of the D9 diode, the anode of D9 is connected to the anode of C13, and also to the synonym terminal of the secondary winding N3 of the driving transformer T2. As mentioned above, the switching transistors Q3 and Q4 of the half-bridge inverter circuit are transistors, not IGBT transistors and MOSFET transistors. The former is a control device belonging to a current mode, and the latter is a control device belonging to a voltage mode, which are different.

5) The low-voltage side driving circuit of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 in the main inverter circuit is characterized in that: the driving circuit consists of primary windings N1 and N2 of a driving transformer T2, a TL494 PWM control chip IC1 and peripheral devices of the primary windings, such as a resistor, a capacitor, a diode and NPN type triodes Q1 and Q2. The windings of N1 and N2 are connected in series, and the different-name end of N2 is connected with the same-name end of N1. The synonym terminal of N1 is connected with the collector of Q1 and the cathode of D6 diode, the emitter of Q1 is connected with the anodes of D6 and D3, and the emitter of Q2. The dotted terminal of N2 is connected with the collector of Q2 and the cathode of D3 diode, the emitter of Q2 is connected with the anodes of D3, D4 and D6, the anode of C7 electrolytic capacitor and the emitter of Q1, the cathode of D4 is connected with the anode of D5, and the cathode of C7 and the cathode of D5 are grounded. The N1 is connected with the center tap of the N2 winding R31, the other end of R31 is connected with the cathode of D2, the anode of D2 is connected with the cathode of D13, the anode of C5 electrolytic capacitor, and one ends of R21, R24 and R22, the other end of R21 is connected with the pin 12 of IC1, namely the + VCC working voltage input end of the chip, and the E9 electrolytic capacitor is connected between the end and the ground in parallel. The other end of R24 is connected to the base of Q1, one end of R20 and pin 8 of IC1 (i.e., the end of IC1 that outputs the PWM pulse width control signal), and the other end of R20 is grounded. Similarly, the base of R22 connected to Q2, one end of R23 and pin 11 of IC1 (i.e., the other end of IC1 outputting the PWM pulse width control signal), and the other end of R23 is grounded. The anode of D13 is connected to + VA (from the output of the fast recovery diode D1 in the main inverter circuit).

Pins

8 and 11 of the IC1 generate two alternating columns of PWM pulse width control signals under the action of the PWM control circuit. The frequency of the signal is fixed and is 30 KHz. The pulse width of the PWM signal is affected by the output current set signal, the output voltage set signal, and the magnitude of the current and voltage feedback signals. The pulse width of the generated PWM signal varies depending on any one factor. This determines the magnitude of the charger output voltage and current of the present invention.

6) The PWM control signal generation, output voltage negative feedback, PI (proportional plus integral operation) control circuit and other parts, and the characteristics of the components are as follows: the pins 9 and 10 of the IC1 are grounded, the pin 4 of the IC1 is connected with the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C8 and one end of the resistor R18, the anode of the capacitor C8 is connected with a +5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R18 is grounded. The 16 pin of IC1 is grounded. The pin 6 (RT end) of the IC1 is connected with the R19, and the other end of the R19 is grounded. The pin 5 (CT terminal) of the IC1 is connected with the C5, and the other end of the C5 is grounded. Through the parameter combination of R19 and C5, the PWM signal frequency output by the pin 8 and the pin 11 of the IC1 is 30 KHz. The 7 pin of IC1 is grounded. Pin 13 of IC1 is connected to a +5V power supply. A pin 1 of the IC1 (a non-inverting input end IN + of an operational amplifier IN the IC 1) is connected with one ends of R8, R7, R4 and R25, the other ends of R7 and R8 are grounded, and the other end of R4 is connected with a voltage feedback signal + VB or Uf output by the charger. The other end of R25 is connected to pin 3 of CN4, and also to pin 3 of CN1 in fig. 3 (terminal SW 1), i.e. the 6V or 12V switching control terminal of the charger of the present invention. The pin 2 of the IC1 (the inverting input end IN of an operational amplifier IN the IC 1) is connected with one ends of resistors R3 and R17 and a capacitor C3, the other end of R3 is connected with a +5V power supply, the other end of R17 is grounded, the other end of C3 is connected with a resistor R10, the other end of R10 is connected with the pin 3, R11 and RJ1 of the IC1, the other end of R11 is connected with C6, and the other end of C6 is grounded. The other end of RJ1 is connected with a C2 capacitor, the other end of C2 is connected with a pin 15 of IC1 and one ends of R26, R27, R28 and R39, the other ends of R27 and R28 are connected with a +5V power supply, the other end of R26 is connected with a trimmer potentiometer R2, and the other end of R39 is connected with a pin 2 of a CH4 plug, namely a PWMA signal control end which is also a current given Ig input signal end. The signal terminal is connected to pin 1 of the CN2 plug of the panel control board (the circuit schematic of the board is shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4), that is, the signal output by pin R25 and R26 after being output by pin 15 of the U1 microprocessor. In fig. 2, one end of R40 is connected to + VB power supply, and the other end of R40 is connected to 4 pins of CN4 and also to 4 pins of CN1 in fig. 3 (SW 2 terminal). The internal operational amplifier of the IC1, the resistor and capacitor at the periphery of the internal operational amplifier, and the corresponding circuit connection mode form a PI control circuit. As can be seen IN fig. 2, IC1 has two operational amplifiers internal to it, with the non-inverting input identified as IN and the inverting input identified as IN-. The internal structure of the specific IC1 (TL 494) and its operation have been disclosed for a number of reasons and will not be described again. As mentioned above, pins 8 and 11 of IC1 generate two columns of alternating PWM pulse width control signals under the action of the PWM control circuit. The frequency of the signal is fixed and is 30 KHz. The pulse width of the PWM signal is affected by the output current set signal, the output voltage set signal, and the magnitude of the current and voltage feedback signals. The pulse width of the generated PWM signal varies depending on any one factor. This determines the magnitude of the charger output voltage and current of the present invention. For example, a 2-pin signal of CN4, that is, a PWMA signal (current setting signal) at the input end of R39 changes, and the PWM pulse width signals output by

pins

8 and 11 of IC1 are changed by the signal passing through the PI control circuit, so as to finally change the output current of the charger of the present invention; the 3-pin signal of CN4, i.e. the 6V or 12V control signal, if the signal at this end changes, the given signal changes relative to the output voltage of the present charger, and similarly, the PWM pulse width signals output by

pins

8 and 11 of IC1 will change through the PI control circuit, and finally the output voltage of the present charger changes.

The control panel of the charger of the invention is also provided with a plurality of electronic components and parts, such as a plurality of electronic components and parts identified by the circuit schematic diagrams of the part given by the attached fig. 3, 4 and 5.

The circuit of the control panel mainly comprises field effect transistors Q4 and Q10, NPN type triodes Q7, a 5V integrated voltage stabilizer U7, a 2.5A or 10A selection key S2, a voltage (U), current (I) and electric quantity (Q) display mode conversion key S1, a U1 microprocessor, a U2 operational amplifier, DPY 1-DPY 3 display nixie tubes, NPN type triodes Q1-Q3, Q5-Q6, Q8-Q9, light emitting diodes LED00, LED01, LED 1-LED 11 and the like in the figure 5, and a plurality of electronic components arranged on the periphery of the NPN type triodes Q1-Q3, Q5-Q6, Q8-Q9. The method is characterized in that:

1) a +5V power supply circuit. As shown in figure 3, the partial circuit consists of a diode D2, electrolytic capacitors E1-E4, capacitors C8-C10, C13 and C15, a voltage regulator tube Z1, an NPN type triode Q7, resistors R27 and R28 and a U7 integrated voltage regulator with +5V output. The input voltage of the circuit is VCC, and is connected to pin 12 + VCC voltage of IC1 in fig. 2. The output of the power supply is +5V power supply, and the power supply is supplied to other circuits for operation. The circuit of the part is simple. It will not be described further.

2) 2.5A or 10A select key S2 circuit. As shown in FIG. 3, the partial circuit is composed of a selection button S2 and a resistor R30. R30 is connected in series with S2 and in parallel between the +5V supply and ground, with their intermediate connection PB6 connected to the PB6 terminal of the U1 microprocessor in fig. 4. The U1 microprocessor determines whether the S2 key was pressed by detecting the high or low of the PB6 level to determine whether the user selected an output current of 2.5A or an output current of 10A. The control system also indicates via 2.5A and 10A current LED indicator lights.

The power supply selection circuit adopts a current regulation encoder BMQ1 to replace a selection key S2, and consists of a current regulation encoder BMQ1, a microprocessor U1, a resistor R34, a resistor R35, a capacitor C6 and a capacitor C7, wherein the resistor R34 is connected with the capacitor C6 in series, the middle connection point of the resistor R34 is connected with a PF4 end of the microprocessor U1, and the end is also connected with one end of the current regulation encoder BMQ 1; the other end of the resistor R34 is connected to a +5V power supply, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded; the resistor R35 is connected in series with the capacitor C7, the middle connection point of the resistor R35 is connected to the PB5 end of the microprocessor U1, and the end is also connected to the other end of the current regulation encoder BMQ 1; the other end of the resistor R35 is connected to a +5V power supply, and the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded; the other end of the current regulation encoder BMQ1 is grounded; the microprocessor U1 adjusts the signal given by the encoder BMQ1 by sensing the encoder current to determine whether to increase or decrease the adjustment of the output current.

3) And a voltage (U), a current (I) and an electric quantity (Q) display mode conversion key S1 circuit. As shown in FIG. 3, the partial circuit is composed of a touch key S1 and a resistor R31. R31 is connected in series with S1 and in parallel between the +5V supply and ground, with their intermediate connection PB7 connected to the PB7 terminal of the U1 microprocessor in fig. 4. The U1 microprocessor judges whether the S1 button is pressed by detecting the PB7 level to determine whether the user selects the voltage (U) display, the current (I) display or the electric quantity (Q) display, and of course, according to the operation condition of the button, the U1 microprocessor control system sends out a corresponding control signal to light the corresponding LED indicator light. For example, if the voltage (U) display is selected, the LED1 indicator will be illuminated. Meanwhile, if the digital tube is charged, the digital tube can display corresponding voltage; if the current (I) display is selected, the LED2 indicator light is illuminated. Meanwhile, if the digital tube is charged, the digital tube can display corresponding current; if the power (Q) display is selected, the LED3 indicator is illuminated. Meanwhile, if the digital tube is charged, the digital tube can display the corresponding electric quantity;

4) 6V or 12V switching control circuit. As shown in FIG. 3, the partial circuit is composed of resistors R18 and R36, and field effect transistors Q4 and Q10. The input end of the R18 is connected with the PD7 end of the U1 microprocessor system in FIG. 4, namely, the instruction of 6V or 12V control conversion sent by the microprocessor. According to the voltage detection signals at two ends of the storage battery connected with the output end of the charger, the microprocessor control system can automatically identify whether the storage battery is a 6V storage battery or a 12V storage battery, and simultaneously, according to the detected signals, corresponding control instructions are sent out through the PD7, so that the on-off of the field effect tubes Q4 and Q10 in the figure 3 are controlled, and finally whether the connection state between the SW1 and the SW2 in the figure 3 is a closed state or an open state is determined. Finally, the lower left CN4 in figure 2 is closed or opened between the

feet

3 and 4. Thus, the pulse width of the PWM signal is changed by the control circuit of the PWM part in fig. 2, and finally, the charging in the 6V mode or the charging in the 12V mode is realized;

5) u1 microprocessor circuit, voltage detection and current feedback control circuit, PWMA current set signal output circuit. As shown in FIG. 4, the partial circuit is composed of a U1 microprocessor, an operational amplifier U2 (LM 358), resistors R1-R6, R25, R26 and capacitors C1-C5. The output voltage detection signal of the charger is from the terminal BAT (+), i.e. the Uf voltage feedback signal. The signal is output to the PB3 input end of the U1 microprocessor from two ends of a rear stage R2 through a voltage division circuit consisting of R1 and R2, and C1 plays a role in filtering. It has been explained previously that the ground identified with SGND is not the same as the ground identified by the triangle, with R0 current sampling resistor between them, as shown in fig. 2. Therefore, in fig. 4, the input signal of the R3 resistor is the detection signal If of the magnitude of the output current of the charger according to the present invention. U2A is an amplifier in U2 multi-operational amplifier integrated chip, and R5 and C2 are connected in parallel between the inverting input terminal of U2 and its output terminal, and its inverting input terminal is connected with R4 and then grounded. R3 is a resistor at its non-inverting input terminal, which is also connected in parallel with an anti-interference filter capacitor C2. The output of the operational amplifier is connected to the PB2 of the U1 microprocessor through R6, and an interference-free filter capacitor C3 is also connected in parallel between the PB2 and ground. The U1 microprocessor samples the output current signal of the charger through the PB2 port, amplifies the sampled signal, and finally inputs the amplified signal into the microprocessor for A/D (analog/digital) conversion. The output end of PB1 is connected with resistor R25, the other end of R25 is connected with C5 and R26, the other end of C5 is grounded, the other end (PWMA or Ig signal) of R26 is connected with pin 1 of CN2, and pin 2 of CN2 is grounded. CN2 is connected to CN4 corresponding connection point in fig. 2 by connecting line. Under the action of the microprocessor control software, the current feedback signal is also compared with a set current given signal, current negative feedback control is carried out, and finally, a PB1 output end of the U1 microprocessor outputs a PWMA signal (Ig) to control a PWM pulse width signal of the IC1 in the figure 2. In addition, the PB0 of the U1 outputs a QD-MOS signal, is connected to the pin 1 of CN3 in fig. 4, and is connected to the pin 1 of CN5 in fig. 2 through a connection line, that is, the on/off of Q7 and the field effect transistor Q8 in fig. 2 are controlled, and finally, protection control such as reverse connection or reverse polarity connection of the storage battery is realized according to the detection result.

6) A nixie tube display circuit and an LED indicator lamp control circuit. As shown in FIG. 5, the partial circuit is composed of DPY 1-DPY 3 nixie tubes (CPS 05631 AR), NPN type triodes Q1-Q3, Q5-Q6, Q8-Q9, light emitting diodes LED00, LED01, LED 1-LED 11 and the like, and some resistance components, diodes D1 and optical couplers U3 (EL 817) on the periphery of the light emitting diodes LED00, the LED01, the LEDs 1-LED 11 and the like. The S1 terminal of the DPY1 is connected with the collector of Q1, the emitter of Q1 is grounded, the base of Q1 is connected with R7, and the input terminals of R7 are connected with the COM1 terminal of the microprocessor in figure 4. When the COM1 terminal is high, the transistor Q1 is turned on, which grounds the gated common terminal of the DPY1 digital tube, and the display data of the DPY1 is determined by eight segments of display control signals, such as the microprocessor data A, B, C, D, E, F, G from fig. 4. The control circuits of the DPY2 and DPY3 nixie tubes are similar to those of the DPY1, except that the control signals which are commonly gated by the S2 and the S3 come from COM2 and COM3 of U1. DP is a control signal for displaying the data decimal point. The output end of a PA3 of the U1 microprocessor is connected with R29, the other end of the R29 is connected with a triode Q8, the emitter of the Q8 is grounded, and the collector of the Q8 is connected with the common cathode points of a plurality of LED indicator lamps. Which of these LED lights is on depends on the level of the anode terminal of each LED light, the state control of the charger, and whether Q8 is on. For example, if the charger of the present invention detects that the connected battery is 12V, the control system will cause the anode of the LED9 to output a high level, and at the same time, the PA3 will output a high level to turn on Q8, so that the LED9 will light up to indicate that the 12V battery is being charged. Similarly, if the charger of the present invention detects that the connected battery is 6V, the control system will make the anode of the LED8 output high, and at the same time, the PA3 output high to turn on the Q8, so that the LED8 indicator lights up to indicate that the 6V battery is charged; if the charger of the invention is charging the connected storage battery, the control system can lead the anode of the LED4 to output high level, and simultaneously, the PA3 outputs high level to lead the Q8 to be conducted, thus, the LED4 indicator lamp is lightened to indicate that the storage battery is charged; if the charger of the invention detects that the connected storage battery is charged by 2.5A current, the control system enables the anode of the LED10 to output high level, and simultaneously, the PA3 outputs high level to enable the Q8 to be conducted, so that the LED10 indicator lamp is lightened to indicate that the storage battery is charged by 2.5A current. If the charger detects that the connected storage battery is charged by adopting 10A current, the control system enables the anode of the LED11 to output high level, and meanwhile, the PA3 outputs high level to enable the Q8 to be conducted, so that the LED11 indicator lamp is lightened to indicate that the storage battery is charged by adopting 10A current; the control of the charging current, voltage and charge indicator light of the storage battery is similar, and the detailed description is omitted here.

For the output polarity of the charger of the invention is controlled in a reverse way, when the charger circuit works normally and the two clamp wires output by the charger are correctly connected with the polarity of the storage battery, the triode Q7 in the attached figure 2 is conducted, the field effect switch tube Q8 is conducted, and the storage battery can be charged. On the contrary, when the two clamp lines output by the charger are incorrectly connected with the polarity of the storage battery or are reversely connected, the triode Q7 is loaded, and the switch tube Q8 cannot be conducted. At this time, the charger does not charge the storage battery.

In fig. 5, the LED00 (red indicator light) is a battery unconnected or short circuit protection indicator light. The cathode of the LED is connected with the collector of Q5, the emitter of Q5 is grounded, the base of Q5 is connected with R24, and the anode of the LED00 is connected with R21 and then connected with a +5V power supply. The input end of the R24 is connected with the PD4 control end of the U1 microprocessor in figure 4. When the control system of the charger detects that the two level charging clamps are not connected with the storage battery or are connected with a short circuit, the PD4 control end of the U1 outputs a high level to enable the Q5 to be conducted, the LED00 indicator lamp is lightened to indicate that the phenomenon that the storage battery is not connected or is short-circuited occurs, and a user can perform corresponding processing after seeing the phenomenon.

In fig. 5, an LED01 (red indicator) is a battery reverse connection or polarity reverse protection indicator. The cathode of the LED is connected with the collector of Q6, the emitter of Q6 is grounded, the base of Q6 is connected with R23, and the anode of the LED01 is connected with R22 and then connected with a +5V power supply. The input end of the R23 is connected with the PD5 control end of the U1 microprocessor in figure 4. When the control system of the charger detects the phenomenon of reverse connection or reverse polarity of the storage battery, the PD5 control end of the U1 outputs high level to enable the Q6 to be conducted, the LED01 indicator lamp is lightened to indicate that the phenomenon of reverse connection or reverse polarity of the storage battery occurs, and a user can perform corresponding treatment after seeing the phenomenon.

In fig. 5, U3 is an optical coupler, the cathode of the light emitting diode inside the optical coupler is connected to the anode of D1, the cathode of D1 is connected to BAT (+), that is, the positive output terminal of the charger of the present invention, the anode of the light emitting diode is connected to R19, the other end of R19 is grounded, the emitter of the output triode inside the U3 optical coupler is grounded, and the collector of the output triode is connected to R20 and PB4 terminal of the U1 microprocessor in fig. 4. When a control system of the charger detects the phenomenon of reverse connection or polarity connection of the storage battery, a light-emitting diode in the U3 optocoupler is conducted and emits light, so that a triode of an output stage of the light-emitting diode is conducted, and an output signal of the PB4 is at a low level; when the control system of the charger detects that the connection polarity of the storage battery is normal, the light-emitting diode in the U3 optocoupler is not conducted and does not emit light, so that the triode of the output stage of the light-emitting diode is cut off, and the output signal of the PB4 is at a high level. Therefore, the U1 microprocessor control system in fig. 4 can know whether the charger is normally connected or not by detecting the level of PB4, and whether the charger is connected reversely or with reverse polarity is detected.

In fig. 5, LED5 is a battery full indicator light. The cathode of the LED is connected with the collector of Q9, the emitter of Q9 is grounded, the base of Q9 is connected with R33, and the anode of the LED5 is connected with R32 and then connected with a +5V power supply. The input end of the R33 is connected with the PD6 control end of the U1 microprocessor in figure 4. When the control system of the charger detects the full-charge phenomenon of the storage battery, the PD6 control end of the U1 outputs high level to enable the Q9 to be conducted, the LED5 indicator lamp is lightened to indicate the full-charge phenomenon of the storage battery, and a user can perform corresponding treatment after seeing the full-charge phenomenon.

In the circuit of the invention, the IC1 (TL 494) is a PWM (pulse width modulation) control chip with high integration and low power consumption. 16 feet. The 14-pin REF is the +5V reference voltage terminal. Two operational amplifiers are arranged inside the circuit. The output of the two operational amplifiers (i.e. the 3-pin output of the chip) determines the width of the driving pulse of the inverter switching tube. The chip determines the working frequency of the switching NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 in fig. 2 by respectively connecting a resistor R19 and a capacitor C5 to

pins

6 and 5. The 8 pin (C1) and the 11 pin (C2) output two columns of square wave driving pulses. The separation time between two series of drive pulses, i.e., the dead time, is determined by the parameters of a 4-pin (DTC) external device. With reasonable parameter determination, enough dead time can be obtained to ensure the normal alternate conduction operation of the switching NPN transistors Q3 and Q4 in fig. 2. If the dead time is too short, it will cause the switching NPN transistors Q3 and Q4 of fig. 2 to turn "on" or conduct simultaneously, which will cause the inverter control to fail, resulting in the transistors Q3 and Q4 bursting. The circuit cannot work normally.

Square wave signals alternately output by a pin 8 (C1) and a pin 11 (C2) of an IC1 chip pass through a circuit formed by triodes Q1 and Q2 and peripheral devices in fig. 2, and then control the work of switching NPN triodes Q3 and Q4 in fig. 2 through a driving transformer T2 and a driving circuit thereof, so that the switching transistors Q3 and Q4 can realize the output control of inversion according to a set working frequency and a PWM pulse width determined by circuits such as the IC1, and thus different output voltages and current magnitudes of the charger are obtained.

For the charger, under the 6V voltage output mode, the voltage at two ends of the storage battery of the 6V storage battery is gradually increased along with the progress of the charging process. When the output charging voltage is less than 7V, the circuit of the charger can realize constant current charging under the set current. At the same time, the "charge" indicator LED4 lights. Indicating that the battery is charging. When the output charging voltage is larger than 7.3V, the charging current of the charger of the invention can be reduced. When the current decreases to less than 1.2A, the control system will illuminate a "full" LED5 lamp, indicating that the 6V battery charge is already in a full state.

Under the 12V voltage output mode, along with the progress of charging process, the voltage of 12V battery storage battery both ends can rise gradually. When the output charging voltage is less than 13V, the circuit of the charger can realize constant current charging under the set current. At the same time, the "charge" indicator LED4 lights up indicating that the 12V battery is charging. When the output charging voltage is larger than 14.6V, the charging current of the charger of the invention can be reduced. When the current decreases to less than 1.2A, the control system will illuminate a "full" LED5 lamp, indicating that the 12V battery charge is already in a full state.

Because the invention adopts the intermediate frequency inversion conversion control of dozens of KHz, compared with the traditional charger controlled by the rectifier output of the transformer, the invention can greatly reduce the size and the weight of the transformer and realize the purposes of material saving, energy saving and the like.

In summary, the output voltage and the current of the charger are controlled by the circuit. These controls are important prerequisites for ensuring stable operation of the charger.

Therefore, the good circuit and the structural design thereof are the advantages of the invention and also the important guarantee of high efficiency, high reliability and advanced manufacturing technology. The invention is protected by the circuit and the structural design for protecting the charger.

The above is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific charger configurations and circuit boards and control functions, and it is not intended that the specific implementations of the present invention be limited to these descriptions. Numerous and varied other arrangements can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these are to be considered as falling within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a microprocessor control current is adjustable takes multiple protect function's charger which characterized in that: the main parts of the charger comprise a handle, a shell upper cover, a power tube radiator (I), a main control panel assembly, a cooling fan, a power line and a pull-off device thereof, a fan mesh enclosure, a red charging clip, a black charging clip, an output line pull-off device, a shell base, a shell panel and a control panel assembly; the charger is provided with two circuit board assemblies, one is a main control board assembly, the other is a control panel assembly, and corresponding circuit connections are carried out between the main control board assembly and the control panel assembly as well as between a power supply power line, two storage battery cell clamps and the like; a plurality of electronic components and parts are arranged on the main control panel assembly, and the electronic components and parts comprise a fine adjustment potentiometer, a control chip, a differential mode capacitor, a rectifier bridge, a driving transformer, an electrolytic capacitor, a triode (I), a triode (II), a fast recovery diode, a filter inductor, a radiator (II) and a field effect transistor; a plurality of electronic components and parts are also arranged on the control panel assembly, the electronic components and parts comprise a current selection key, a nixie tube, a mode selection key, an indicator light and a microprocessor controller, and a power supply line provides an external power supply for the circuit board of the charger; the main control board assembly mainly comprises a filter capacitor C9, a rectifier bridge BR1, electrolytic capacitors C10 and C11, resistors R29 and R30, NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4, an inverter transformer T1, a fast recovery rectifier diode D1, a filter inductor L1, a triode Q7, a field-effect transistor Q8, a driving transformer T2, a PWM control chip IC1, and a plurality of resistors, capacitors, diodes and triodes; the half-bridge inverter main circuit is formed by a filter capacitor C9, a rectifier bridge BR1, electrolytic capacitors C10 and C11, resistors R29 and R30, NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4, a transformer T1, a diode D1, a filter inductor L1 and peripheral devices of the resistors, two ends of a filter capacitor C9 of the half-bridge inverter main circuit are connected with a 220-plus 240V power supply line, an input end of the rectifier bridge BR1 is also connected with two ends of the power supply, an output end of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected in parallel with the electrolytic capacitors C11 and C10 in series, an anode of an electrolytic capacitor C11 of the half-bridge inverter main circuit is connected with an output anode of the rectifier bridge BR1, a cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C10 is grounded, and two ends of each electrolytic capacitor are respectively; the rectifier bridge BR1 rectifies the voltage and generates a high voltage of about +310V after being filtered by electrolytic capacitors C11 and C10, a series circuit of an NPN type triode Q3 and Q4 is connected in parallel at two ends of the +310V high voltage to the ground, a collector of an NPN type triode Q3 is connected with the +310V end, an emitter of an NPN type triode Q3 is connected with a collector of an NPN type triode Q4, and an emitter of the NPN type triode Q4 is grounded, namely the ground of + 310V; a diode D11 is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the NPN type triode Q3, and the anode of the diode D11 is connected with the emitter of the NPN type triode Q3; a diode D12 is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the NPN type triode Q4, and the anode of the diode D12 is connected with the emitter of the NPN type triode Q4; the end N4 of the driving transformer T2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C14 and one end of a primary N1, the other end of the capacitor C14 is connected with a resistor R36, the other end of a resistor R36 is connected with the other end of the primary N1 of the transformer T1, the connection point is connected with one end of a capacitor C18, and the other end of the capacitor C18 is connected with the middle connection point of an electrolytic capacitor C11 and the electrolytic capacitor C10; NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 are switching tubes of a half-bridge inverter circuit; electrolytic capacitors C11 and C10 are commutation capacitors of a half-bridge inverter circuit; the main transformer T1 has 4 secondary windings, which are respectively secondary windings N2, N3, N4 and N5, and secondary windings N2 and N3 are connected in series and are grounded in the middle; the other ends of the two secondary windings N2 and N3 are connected with the anode of a diode D1 to form a full-wave output rectifying circuit with a center tap; the secondary windings N4 and N5 are also connected in series, the middle of the secondary windings is grounded, the other ends of the two secondary windings N4 and N5 are also connected with anodes of diodes D19 and D18, cathodes of the two secondary windings are connected with an anode of a diode D20, direct-current voltage is output through a cathode of the diode D20, the direct-current voltage is connected to a plug CN4, the direct-current voltage is connected to a plug CN1 of a control panel circuit part through a connecting wire, and working voltage is provided for a circuit of a field effect transistor Q10 part for realizing 6V or 12V voltage conversion control; the connection point of the secondary windings N4 and N5 is provided with a tap ground, and the circuit part forms a full-wave output rectifying circuit with a center tap; the cathodes of the two diodes D1 are connected, and the anodes of the two diodes D1 are respectively connected to the other ends of the secondary windings N2 and N3 of the transformer T1; two ends of the two diodes D1 are respectively connected with a capacitor C15 and a capacitor C16 in parallel, the cathodes of the two diodes D1 are connected with one end of a filter inductor L1, the other end of the filter inductor L1 is connected with resistors R16 and R53 and the S pole of a field-effect tube Q8, the G grid of the field-effect tube Q8 is connected with the other end of the resistor R53 and the collector of a triode Q7, and the emitter of the triode Q7 is grounded; the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8 is connected to the output end of the charger, two ends of the field effect transistor Q8 are connected in parallel with a diode, the cathode of the diode is connected with the S pole of the diode, and the anode of the diode is connected with the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8; the base of the triode Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R52, the other end of the resistor R52 is connected with the pin 1 of the plug CN5, and the pin 2 of the plug CN5 is grounded; pin 1 of plug CN5 is connected to pin 1 of plug CN3 and is connected with the control end of microprocessor U1; the output of the charger is connected to pins 1 and 3 of the plug CN3, and then connected to the plug CN3 through the connecting wires, respectively, that is, the output detected battery voltage is supplied to the microprocessor U1.

2. The microprocessor controlled current regulated charger of claim 1 having multiple protection functions, wherein: the output part of the half-bridge inverter main circuit is also provided with a cooling fan power supply circuit and a protection control circuit; for the cooling fan power supply circuit, its composition characteristics are: the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C4, the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C4 is grounded, two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 are connected with a resistor R5 and a resistor R44 in parallel, two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 are connected with a 12V cooling FAN FAN through a plug CN2, and simultaneously connected with one ends of resistors R4 and R40 in a low-voltage side driving circuit of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 in the inverter main circuit and are used as a feedback signal Uf end of the output voltage of the charger, and the circuit of the part is called a cooling FAN power supply circuit.

3. The microprocessor controlled current regulated charger of claim 2 having multiple protection functions, wherein: the output part of the half-bridge inverter main circuit is also provided with a protection control circuit; the protection control circuit is connected with a resistor R16, a resistor R53 and the S pole of a field-effect tube Q8 at the other end of an output filter inductor L1, the G grid of the field-effect tube Q8 is connected with the other end of a resistor R53 and the collector of a triode Q7, and the emitter of the triode Q7 is grounded; the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8 is connected to the output end of the charger, two ends of the field effect transistor Q8 are connected in parallel with a diode, the cathode of the diode is connected with the S pole of the diode, and the anode of the diode is connected with the D pole of the field effect transistor Q8; the base electrode of the triode Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R52, the other end of the resistor R52 is connected with a pin 1 of the plug CN5, and a pin 2 of the plug CN5 is grounded; pin 1 of plug CN5 is connected to pin 1 of CN3 plug, i.e., the control terminal of microprocessor U1; the high-voltage side driving circuit of the NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 comprises a secondary winding N3, N4 and N5 of a driving transformer T2, a plurality of resistors, electrolytic capacitors C12 and C13 and diodes D7-D10, and the specific circuit structure form is as follows: the base electrode of an NPN type triode Q3 is connected with a resistor R32, the other end of a resistor R32 is connected with one ends of a resistor R33 and a resistor R37 and the cathode end of an electrolytic capacitor C12 and a diode D8, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with a +310V end, and the other end of the resistor R37 is connected with the emitter electrode of an NPN type triode Q3 and the same name end of a secondary winding N4 of a driving transformer T2; the anode of the diode D8 is connected with the cathode of the diode D7, the anode of the diode D7 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C12, and is also connected with the same-name end of the secondary winding N5 of the driving transformer T2; the secondary winding N5 and the secondary winding N4 are connected in series, and the different-name end of the secondary winding N5 is connected with the same-name end of the secondary winding N4; the synonym terminal of the secondary winding N4 is connected with the capacitor C14 and one end of the primary winding N1 of the inverter transformer T1; the base electrode of the NPN type triode Q4 is connected with a resistor R35, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected with one end of a resistor R34 and a resistor R38, the cathode end of an electrolytic capacitor C13 and a diode D10, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected with the emitter electrode of the NPN type triode Q3, the other end of the resistor R38 is connected with the emitter electrode of the NPN type triode Q4 and the same name end of a secondary winding N3 of a driving transformer T2, and the ground end is + 310V; the anode of the diode D10 is connected with the cathode of the diode D9, the anode of the diode D9 is connected with the anode of the capacitor C13, and is also connected with the synonym terminal of the secondary winding N3 of the driving transformer T2; the low-voltage side driving circuit of NPN type triodes Q3 and Q4 in the main inverter circuit comprises primary windings N1 and N2 of a driving transformer T2, a PWM control chip IC1 and peripheral devices of the primary windings N1 and N2 which are connected in series, and the synonym end of the primary winding N2 is connected with the synonym end of the primary winding N1; the synonym end of the primary winding N1 is connected with the collector of a triode Q1 and the cathode of a diode D6, the emitter of the triode Q1 is connected with the anodes of a diode D6 and a diode D3, and the emitter of a triode Q2; the dotted terminal of the primary winding N2 is connected with the collector of a triode Q2 and the cathode of a diode D3, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the anodes of diodes D3, D4 and D6, the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C7 and the emitter of the triode Q1, the cathode of a diode D4 is connected with the anode of a diode D5, and the cathode of an electrolytic capacitor C7 and the cathode of the diode D5 are grounded; the center taps of the primary winding N1 and the N2 winding are connected with a resistor R31, the other end of the resistor R31 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2, the anode of a diode D2 is connected with the cathode of a diode D13, the anode of an electrolytic capacitor C5, one ends of resistors R21, R24 and R22, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with a pin 12 of a PWM control chip IC1, namely the + VCC working voltage input end of the chip, and an electrolytic capacitor E9 is connected between the ends of the terminals in parallel; the other end of the resistor R24 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1, one end of the resistor R20 and the pin 8 of the PWM control chip IC1, i.e., one end of the PWM control chip IC1 outputting the PWM pulse width control signal, and the other end of the resistor R20 is grounded, and similarly, the resistor R22 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2, one end of the resistor R23 and the pin 11 of the PWM control chip IC1, i.e., the other end of the IC1 outputting the PWM pulse width control signal, and the other end of the resistor R23 is grounded; the anode of the diode D13 is connected with the output end of a fast recovery diode D1 in the inverter main circuit; the PWM control signal generation, output voltage negative feedback and PI control circuit part is grounded by a pin 9 and a pin 10 of a PWM control chip IC1, a pin 4 of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with the cathode of an electrolytic capacitor C8 and one end of a resistor R18, the anode of the electrolytic capacitor C8 is connected to a +5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R18 is grounded; the pin 16 of the PWM control chip IC1 is grounded, the pin 6 of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with a resistor R19, and the other end of the resistor R19 is grounded; the 5 pin of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with an electrolytic capacitor C5, and the other end of the electrolytic capacitor C5 is grounded; through the parameter combination of the resistor R19 and the electrolytic capacitor C5, the PWM signal frequency output by the pins 8 and 11 of the PWM control chip IC1 is 30 KHz; the pin 7 of the PWM control chip IC1 is grounded, and the pin 13 of the IC1 is connected with a +5V power supply; a pin 1 of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with one ends of a resistor R8, a resistor R7, a resistor R4 and a resistor R25, the other ends of a resistor R7 and a resistor R8 are grounded, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with a voltage feedback signal output by the charger; the other end of resistor R25 is connected to pin 3 of pin CN4 and to pin 3 of pin CN 1; a pin 2 of the PWM control chip IC1 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, a resistor R17 and a capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with a +5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R17 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with a resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with a pin 3 of the PWM control chip IC1, the resistor R11 and an RJ1, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with a capacitor C6, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded; the other end of the resistor RJ1 is connected with a capacitor C2, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with a pin 15 of a PWM control chip IC1 and one ends of resistors R26, R27, R28 and R39, the other ends of the resistors R27 and R28 are connected with a +5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with a trimming potentiometer R2, the other end of the resistor R39 is connected with a pin 2 of a CH4 plug, one end of the resistor R40 is connected with the power supply, and the other end of the resistor R40 is connected with a pin 4 of a CN4 and is connected with a pin 4 of the CN 1.

4. The microprocessor controlled current regulated charger of claim 1 having multiple protection functions, wherein: the control panel assembly comprises a control panel circuit, wherein the control panel circuit comprises a power supply selection circuit, a voltage, current and electric quantity display mode conversion circuit, a microprocessor voltage detection and current feedback control circuit, a PWMA current given signal output circuit, a nixie tube display circuit and an LED indicator lamp control circuit;

the resistor R30 is connected in series with the selection key S2 and is connected between the +5V power supply and the ground in parallel, and the middle connection point of the resistor R30 and the ground is connected to the PB6 end of the microprocessor U1 to form a power supply selection circuit;

the resistor R31 is connected in series with the voltage-current electric quantity display mode conversion key S1 and is connected in parallel between a +5V power supply and the ground, and the middle connection point of the resistor R31 and the ground is connected to the PB7 end of the microprocessor U1 to form a voltage-current electric quantity display mode conversion circuit;

the resistor R18 and the resistor R36 are connected with the field effect transistor Q4 and the field effect transistor Q10; the input end of the resistor R18 is connected with the PD7 end of the microprocessor U1 to form a 6V or 12V switching control circuit;

the circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, an operational amplifier U2, resistors R1-R6, R25, R26 and capacitors C1-C5; the input signal of the resistor R3 is a detection signal of the output current of the charger; a resistor R5 and a capacitor C2 are connected in parallel between the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 and the output end thereof, and the inverting input end thereof is grounded after being connected with a resistor R4; the resistor R3 is the resistor of the non-inverting input end of the resistor R, and in addition, the non-inverting input end is also connected with an anti-interference filter capacitor C2 in parallel; the output of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the PB2 end of the microprocessor U1 through a resistor R6, and an anti-interference filter capacitor C3 is connected between the PB2 end and the ground in parallel; the output end of the resistor R25 is connected with a resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected with a capacitor C5 and a resistor R26, the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with a pin 1 of a plug CN2, and a pin 2 of the plug CN2 is grounded; CN2 is connected with a corresponding connection point of the plug CN4 through a connecting wire; the output signal of the microprocessor U1 is connected to pin 1 of the plug CN3, and pin 1 of the plug CN5 is connected through a connecting wire to form a microprocessor voltage detection and current feedback control circuit and a PWMA current given signal output circuit;

the nixie tube display circuit and the LED indicator lamp control circuit comprise a nixie tube DPY1, a nixie tube DPY2 and a nixie tube DPY 3; the control circuit of the nixie tube DPY1 is formed by connecting an S1 end of a nixie tube DPY1 with a collector of an NPN type triode Q1, grounding an emitter of the NPN type triode Q1, connecting a base of an NPN type triode Q1 with a resistor R7, and connecting an input end of a resistor R7 with a COM1 end of a microprocessor U1; the control circuit of the nixie tube DPY2 is formed by connecting an S1 end of a nixie tube DPY2 with a collector of an NPN type triode Q2, grounding an emitter of the NPN type triode Q2, connecting a base of an NPN type triode Q2 with a resistor R8, and connecting an input end of a resistor R8 with a COM2 end of a microprocessor U1; the control circuit of the nixie tube DPY3 is formed by connecting the S1 end of the nixie tube DPY3 with the collector of an NPN type triode Q3, the emitter of the NPN type triode Q3 is grounded, the base of the NPN type triode Q3 is connected with a resistor R9, the input end of the resistor R9 is connected with the COM3 end of a microprocessor U1, and the display data of the nixie tube is determined by the data display control signal from the microprocessor U1; the control signals of the data display control signals from the microprocessor U1 and the common gating of the selection keys come from COM1, COM2 and COM3 of the microprocessor U1; the output end of a PA3 of the microprocessor U1 is connected with a resistor R29, the other end of the resistor R29 is connected with an NPN type triode Q8, the emitting electrode of the NPN type triode Q8 is grounded, and the collecting electrode of the NPN type triode Q8 is connected with the common cathode points of a plurality of LED indicator lamps.

5. The microprocessor controlled current regulated charger of claim 1 having multiple protection functions, wherein: the control panel circuit also comprises an LED lamp control circuit part, and is characterized in that: the cathode of the LED lamp is connected with the collector of the triode Q5, the emitter of the triode Q5 is grounded, the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the resistor R24, the anode of the LED lamp is connected with the resistor R21 and then connected to the +5V power supply, and the input end of the resistor R24 is connected with the PD4 control end of the microprocessor U1.

6. The microprocessor controlled current regulated charger of claim 1 having multiple protection functions, wherein: the control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery reverse connection or polarity reverse connection protection indicator lamp circuit, and the circuit is characterized in that the cathode of the diode LED01 is connected with the collector of the field-effect tube Q6, the emitter of the field-effect tube Q6 is grounded, the base of the field-effect tube Q6 is connected with the resistor R23, and the anode of the diode LED01 is connected with the +5V power supply after being connected with the resistor R22; the input end of the resistor R23 is connected with the PD5 control end of the microprocessor U1.

7. The microprocessor controlled current regulated charger of claim 1 having multiple protection functions, wherein: the control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery full indicator lamp circuit, wherein the circuit is formed by connecting the cathode of a diode LED5 with the collector of a field-effect tube Q9, the emitter of the field-effect tube Q9 is grounded, the base of the field-effect tube Q9 is connected with a resistor R33, the anode of a diode LED5 is connected with a resistor R32 and then connected to a +5V power supply, and the input end of the resistor R33 is connected with the PD6 control end of a microprocessor U1.

8. The microprocessor controlled current regulated charger of claim 1 having multiple protection functions, wherein: the control panel circuit also comprises a storage battery reverse connection or polarity reverse connection circuit, the circuit is formed by connecting the cathode of a light-emitting diode in an optocoupler U3 with the anode of a diode D1, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the output positive polarity end of a charger, the anode of the light-emitting diode is connected with a resistor R19, the other end of the resistor R19 is grounded, the emitter of an output triode in the optocoupler U3 is grounded, and the collector of the output triode is connected with a resistor R20 and the PB4 end of a microprocessor U1.

9. The microprocessor controlled current regulated charger of claim 4 having multiple protection functions, wherein: the power supply selection circuit adopts a current regulation encoder BMQ1 to replace a selection key S2, and consists of a current regulation encoder BMQ1, a microprocessor U1, a resistor R34, a resistor R35, a capacitor C6 and a capacitor C7, wherein the resistor R34 is connected with the capacitor C6 in series, the middle connection point of the resistor R34 is connected with a PF4 end of the microprocessor U1, and the end is also connected with one end of the current regulation encoder BMQ 1; the other end of the resistor R34 is connected to a +5V power supply, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded; the resistor R35 is connected in series with the capacitor C7, the middle connection point of the resistor R35 is connected to the PB5 end of the microprocessor U1, and the end is also connected to the other end of the current regulation encoder BMQ 1; the other end of the resistor R35 is connected to a +5V power supply, and the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded; the other end of the current regulation encoder BMQ1 is grounded; the microprocessor U1 adjusts the signal given by the encoder BMQ1 by sensing the encoder current to determine whether to increase or decrease the adjustment of the output current.