CN210873835U - Lithium ion battery fire protection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a lithium ion battery firebreak device, back-fire relief space entry, a plurality of first openings, a plurality of second openings and back-fire relief space export form a back-fire relief passageway. The fire retardant passage makes full use of the space in the fire retardant space, so that flame generated by eruptions flows through a longer route in the fire retardant space. When the flame generated by the spray circulates in the flame retardant channel, the heat loss of the flame generated by the spray is suddenly increased, and the flame generated by the spray is blocked, so that the combustion cannot be continued and extinguished. And the flame generated by the eruption can impact the second fire retardant plate, the first fire retardant plate, the inlet baffle and the outlet baffle, the chain reaction is terminated by utilizing the wall effect, so that the wall heat transfer is facilitated, the destruction rate of active groups is increased, and the continuous ignition cannot be realized.

Description

Lithium ion battery fire protection device

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery fireproof device.

Background

In recent years, the market share of electric vehicles has steadily increased. The lithium ion battery has excellent performances of high voltage, high specific energy, long cycle life, no pollution to the environment and the like, is highly concerned by the electric automobile industry, and obtains certain application. However, during thermal runaway of lithium ion batteries, combustible gas mixtures, such as H, are produced₂、 CO、CH₄Etc., and accumulated inside the battery. After the interior of the battery reaches a certain pressure limit, the safety valve is opened, and the combustible mixed gas is released to the external environment of the battery along with the eruption of the battery, so that a fire disaster is easily caused. In order to improve the safety of lithium ion batteries, research work related to fire safety of lithium ion batteries has been carried out at home and abroad.

The safety of the conventional lithium ion battery is improved by setting the opening pressure. For example: when the gas pressure in the battery reaches a certain value, the safety valve is opened, and the gas is released to the external environment, so that the battery explosion is avoided. When the gas pressure in the soft bag reaches a certain value, the soft bag with lower allowable pressure is partially broken by the gas to release the battery eruption, so as to avoid causing the battery explosion. At the moment, when the pressure inside the traditional lithium ion battery box reaches a certain value, the safety valve is opened to lead air to enter the inside of the single body or the inside of the box, so that the eruption object is easy to catch fire after contacting with the air, flame spreading is caused, and the safety of the traditional lithium ion battery box is lower.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Based on this, it is necessary to provide a lithium ion battery fire protection device capable of greatly improving the fire safety of a lithium ion battery in order to solve the problem that the safety of a conventional lithium ion battery box is low due to the fact that a eruption object is ignited after being contacted with air and the flame is spread after the safety valve is opened or a soft package is broken.

The application provides a lithium ion battery firebreak device includes battery box, box relief valve and box back-fire relief structure. The battery box body surrounds and forms a first accommodating space. A plurality of battery monomers are placed in the first accommodating space. The battery box body is provided with a box body air outlet. The tank body safety valve is arranged at the tank body air outlet. The box fire-retardant structure comprises a box fire-retardant shell, an inlet baffle, an outlet baffle and an inlet connecting part. The entrance baffle, the exit baffle set up respectively in the both ends of box back-fire relief shell, box back-fire relief shell the entrance baffle and the exit baffle surrounds formation back-fire relief space. A fire retardant space inlet is formed between the inlet baffle and the fire retardant shell of the box body. A fire-retardant space outlet is formed between the outlet baffle and the fire-retardant shell of the box body, and the fire-retardant space inlet and the fire-retardant space outlet are not coplanar. The box back-fire relief shell is provided with one end of the inlet baffle and one end of the inlet connecting part are connected. One end of the inlet connecting part, which is far away from the inlet baffle, is connected with the safety valve of the box body, and is used for preventing the eruption released after the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells, so as to prevent the flame generated by the eruption from spreading.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device further comprises a plurality of first fire stop plates arranged at intervals and a plurality of second fire stop plates arranged at intervals. A plurality of first back-fire relief plates arranged at intervals are arranged in the back-fire relief space. One end of each first fire barrier plate is connected with the inlet baffle. The other end of each of the first flame retardant plates extends toward the exit baffle and forms a first opening with the exit baffle. A plurality of second fire retardant plates arranged at intervals are arranged in the fire retardant space. The plurality of second flame retardant plates are arranged alternately with the plurality of first flame retardant plates. One end of each second fire retardant plate is connected with the outlet baffle. Each of the second flame retardant plates extends toward the entrance baffle and forms a second opening with the entrance baffle. The fire retardant space entrance, the plurality of first openings, the plurality of second openings and the fire retardant space exit form a fire retardant passage for preventing the spread of a flame produced by a hair spray.

In one embodiment, the first opening has a maximum aperture diameter of less than 0.5 millimeters.

In one embodiment, the first and second adjacent fire stop plates are separated by a distance of less than 0.5 mm.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device further comprises a plurality of first ducts and a first air rail. The plurality of first pipelines are arranged in the first accommodating space. One of the first pipes is connected to a cell safety valve of one of the battery cells. The battery unit is placed in the first accommodating space. The first air rail is arranged in the first accommodating space. The first air rail is connected with a plurality of the first pipes. The first air rail is connected with an air outlet of the box body.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device further comprises a plurality of monolithic fire stopping structures. Each of the monolithic fire barrier structures has a monolithic fire barrier structure inlet and a monolithic fire barrier structure outlet. The single firestop structure outlet of each single firestop structure is connected to the first gas rail. The single firestop structure inlet of one of the single firestop structures is connected to one of the first conduits.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device further comprises a plurality of battery module housings. A plurality of the battery module housings surround to form a second receiving space. The battery module shells are arranged in the first accommodating space. And each battery module shell is provided with a shell air outlet. And a shell safety valve is arranged at each shell air outlet.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device further comprises a plurality of second ducts and a second air rail. The plurality of first pipelines and the first air rail are arranged in the second accommodating space. The first air rail is connected with the air outlet of the shell. The plurality of second pipelines are arranged in the first accommodating space. One of the second pipes is connected to the case safety valve of one of the battery module cases. The second air rail is arranged in the first accommodating space. The second air rail is connected with a plurality of the second pipes. The second air rail is connected with the air outlet of the box body.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device further comprises a plurality of modular fire stopping structures. Each of the module firestop structures has a module firestop structure entrance and a module firestop structure exit. The module firestop structure outlet of each module firestop structure is connected with the second air rail. The module firestop structure inlet of one of the module firestop structures is connected to one of the second conduits.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device further comprises a battery pack. The battery pack is arranged in the first accommodating space.

The application provides an above-mentioned lithium ion battery firebreak device, entry connecting portion are kept away from the one end of entry baffle with the box relief valve is connected, and the eruption air current can pass through box relief valve and flow through entry connecting portion get into in the back-fire relief space. At the same time, the entrance of the fire retardant space and the exit of the fire retardant space are not coplanar, which results in a curved fire retardant channel, so that flames from eruptions flowing through the fire retardant space can be prevented. When the flame generated by the eruption passes through the curved fire retardant channel in the fire retardant space, the energy of the flame generated by the eruption is buffered, and the damage caused by the flame generated by the eruption is reduced. At the same time, the inlet and outlet baffles may block the flame generated by the spray as it passes through the curved flame trap passage in the flame trap space. When the flame generated by the eruption strikes the inlet baffle, the outlet baffle and the fire retardant outer shell of the box body, the energy of the flame generated by the eruption is lost due to the wall effect termination chain reaction, the wall surface heat transfer is utilized, the destruction rate of active groups is increased, and therefore the flame cannot be continuously ignited, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion battery fire protection device provided in the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a firestop structure of the tank provided herein;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the opening structure of FIG. 2 provided herein;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire protection device provided herein that includes a monolithic fire barrier structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a battery module housing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a battery module housing according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a modular fire stopping structure as provided herein;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion battery fire protection device containing a battery pack provided in the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a fibrous fire barrier structure in one embodiment provided herein;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire barrier comprising a fibrous fire barrier structure in another embodiment provided herein;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a fibrous fire barrier structure in yet another embodiment provided herein.

Description of the reference numerals

Lithium ion battery fire protection device 100, battery box 10, first receiving space 110, battery cell 320, battery pack 80, box gas outlet 121, box safety valve 120, box fire-retardant structure 20, box fire-retardant housing 220, entrance baffle 222, exit baffle 223 and entrance connection 210, fire-retardant space 221, fire-retardant space entrance 2221, fire-retardant space exit 2231, first fire-retardant plate 240, first opening 241, second fire-retardant plate 250, second opening 251, fire-retardant passage 260, first pipeline 310, first air rail 330, monomer fire-retardant structure 40, monomer fire-retardant structure entrance 410, monomer fire-retardant structure exit 420, battery module casing 50, second receiving space 510, casing gas outlet 521, casing safety valve 520, second pipeline 710, second air rail 720, module fire-retardant structure 60, module fire-retardant structure entrance 610, module fire-retardant structure exit 620.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail below by way of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present application.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the present application provides a lithium ion battery fire protection apparatus 100 including a battery case 10, a case safety valve 120, and a case fire relief structure 20. The battery case 10 encloses a first receiving space 110. A plurality of battery cells 320 are placed in the first receiving space 110. The battery case 10 is provided with a case air outlet 121. The tank relief valve 120 is disposed at the tank outlet port 121.

The box firestop structure 20 comprises a box firestop housing 220, an entrance baffle 222, an exit baffle 223 and an entrance connection 210. The inlet baffle 222 and the outlet baffle 223 are respectively arranged at two ends of the box fire retardant housing 220, and the box fire retardant housing 220, the inlet baffle 222 and the outlet baffle 223 surround to form a fire retardant space 221. A firestop space entrance 2221 is formed between the entrance baffle 222 and the box firestop housing 220. A fire-retardant space outlet 2231 is formed between the outlet baffle 223 and the box fire-retardant housing 220, and the fire-retardant space inlet 2221 and the fire-retardant space outlet 2231 are not coplanar. One end of the box flame retardant housing 220, at which the inlet baffle 222 is disposed, is connected to one end of the inlet connection 210. One end of the inlet connection portion 210, which is far from the inlet baffle 222, is connected to the tank safety valve 120, so as to prevent the eruption released after the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells 320, and to prevent the spread of the flame generated by the eruption.

When thermal runaway occurs in the plurality of battery cells 320 or the battery pack 80 in the battery case 10, mixed combustible gas is generated. When the pressure inside the battery cell 320 reaches a certain limit, the safety valve of the battery cell 320 is opened, and the combustible mixture is released into the battery case 10 along with the battery burst. The battery pack 80 may burst to release the spray when thermal runaway occurs. When the pressure inside the battery case 10 reaches a certain value, the case safety valve 120 of the battery case 10 is broken, and the case safety valve 120 is opened. In this case, the eruption and release of combustible gas is accompanied by sparks or other high-temperature particles, and a flame is easily generated after contact with oxygen.

The end of the inlet connection 210 remote from the inlet baffle 222 is connected to the tank safety valve 120 and the blast gas stream passes through the tank safety valve 120 and through the inlet connection 210 into the firestop space 221. At the same time, the firestop space inlet 2221 and the firestop space outlet 2231 are not coplanar, and form a curved firestop passage, so that flames from eruptions passing through the firestop space 221 can be arrested. The entrance barrier 222 and the exit barrier 223 obstruct the flame generated by the spray as it passes through the curved flame trap path in the flame trap space 221. When the flame generated by the eruption strikes the inlet baffle 222, the outlet baffle 223 and the box body fire retardant outer shell 220, the energy of the flame generated by the eruption is lost due to the chain reaction of wall effect termination, the wall surface heat transfer is facilitated, the destruction rate of active groups is increased, and therefore the flame cannot be continuously ignited, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading.

Meanwhile, when the eruption impacts the inlet baffle 222, the outlet baffle 223 and the box fire retardant housing 220, the temperature of the eruption is transferred through the inlet baffle 222, the outlet baffle 223 and the box fire retardant housing 220 to dissipate heat and reduce the temperature of the eruption. Also, the battery case 10, the case firestop housing 220, the entrance barrier 222, the exit barrier 223, and the entrance connection portion 210 have sufficient mechanical strength to resist the pressure at the time of explosion.

The end of the inlet connection 210 remote from the inlet baffle 222 is connected to the tank relief valve 120, i.e., the tank firestop structure 20 is sealingly connected to the tank relief valve 120. At this time, namely, the tank fire-retardant structure 20 may be hermetically connected to the tank safety valve 120 through a pipe, and the diameter of the inner wall of the pipe is larger than that of the tank safety valve 120, so as to completely cover the tank safety valve 120 and avoid interference with normal opening of the tank safety valve 120. When the tank fire-retardant structure 20 is hermetically connected with the tank safety valve 120, a welding or bolting mode can be adopted. Meanwhile, a high-temperature-resistant sealing ring is arranged at the sealing connection part of the box fire retardant structure 20 and the box safety valve 120, so that the connection part is prevented from being damaged due to high temperature generated when the single battery 320 is heated.

Moreover, the box fire barrier structure 20 has the characteristics of pressure resistance and high temperature resistance. The high pressures generated by the air flow generated by the eruption as it passes through the box firestop structure 20 require a high degree of pressure resistance to prevent air leakage from the box firestop structure 20.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further comprises a plurality of first fire stop plates 240 disposed in spaced apart relation and a plurality of second fire stop plates 250 disposed in spaced apart relation. A plurality of first fire stop plates 240 arranged at intervals are disposed within the fire stop space 221. Each of the first flame stop plates 240 is attached at one end to the entrance barrier 222. The other end of each of the first flame retardant plates 240 extends toward the exit baffle 223 and forms a first opening 241 with the exit baffle 223. A plurality of second fire stop plates 250, arranged at intervals, are disposed within the fire stop space 221. The plurality of second flame retardant plates 250 alternate with the plurality of first flame retardant plates 240. Each of the second flame retardant plates 250 is attached at one end to the exit baffle 223. Each of the second flame retardant plates 250 extends toward the entrance barrier 222 and forms a second opening 251 with the entrance barrier 222. The fire retardant space entrance 2221, the first plurality of openings 241, the second plurality of openings 251, and the fire retardant space exit 2231 form a fire retardant channel 260, the fire retardant channel 260 being configured to prevent the spread of a fire from a hair spray.

The plurality of second flame retardant plates 250 are arranged in an alternating manner with the plurality of first flame retardant plates 240, i.e., one first flame retardant plate 240 is arranged between two second flame retardant plates 250. And the distance between each of the second flame stop plates 250 and each of the first flame stop plates 240 can be less than the critical diameter of the flame produced by the erupting gas. The eruption gas is methane, hydrogen, acetylene, or a mixture of combustible gas and oxygen.

The fire retardant space entrance 2221, the first plurality of openings 241, the second plurality of openings 251, and the fire retardant space exit 2231 form one of the fire retardant channels 260. Eruptions enter the fire retardant space 221 from the fire retardant space entrance 2221 and exit the fire retardant space exit 2231 via the fire retardant passage 260. In this case, the fire barrier channel 260 makes full use of the space in the fire barrier space 221, so that the spray can flow through a longer path in the fire barrier space 221. When a spray is circulated through the flame retardant pathway 260, the distance between each second flame retardant plate 250 and each first flame retardant plate 240 is less than the critical diameter of the flame generated by the spray, which can increase heat loss from the flame and provide a barrier to the flame so that the combustion cannot continue and be extinguished. Moreover, when the flame generated by the eruption circulates in the flame retardant channel 260, it will strike the second flame retardant plate 250, the first flame retardant plate 240, the inlet baffle 222 and the outlet baffle 223, and the chain reaction is terminated by wall effect, so that the heat transfer at the contact surface (the contact part at the time of striking) is facilitated and the destruction rate of the active groups is increased, and the eruption cannot be continued.

Wherein the first flame retardant plate 240 and the second flame retardant plate 250 may be disposed in parallel.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 is less than 0.5 mm.

The maximum aperture settings of the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 are different according to the critical diameter of flame transmission generated by different gases or vapors. The maximum pore diameter of the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 is less than 0.5mm, which can block the flame generated by methane, hydrogen, acetylene and the mixture of combustible gas and oxygen in the eruption gas. Meanwhile, when the flame passes through the first opening 241 and the second opening 251, heat loss is suddenly increased, so that combustion cannot be continued to be extinguished. When flame circulates in the flame retardant channel 260, the flame collides with the second flame retardant plate 250, the first flame retardant plate 240, the inlet baffle 222 and the outlet baffle 223, so that the temperature of the flame can be dissipated through the wall surface, the destruction rate of active groups in the flame is increased, the factor that the flame continues to catch fire is reduced, and the flame cannot continue to catch fire, so that the flame generated by eruption can be prevented from spreading.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 is set to be less than 0.4 mm. Since the critical diameter of the flame generated by methane is 0.4mm to 0.5mm, the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 can sufficiently block the flame generated by methane in the eruption gas.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 is set to be less than 0.1 mm. Since the critical diameter of the flame generated by the hydrogen and the acetylene is 0.1mm to 0.2mm, the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 can sufficiently block the flame generated by the hydrogen and the acetylene in the eruption gas.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 is set to be less than 0.07 mm. Since the critical diameter of the flame generated by the mixture of the combustible gas and the oxygen is 0.07mm to 0.5mm, the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 can sufficiently block the flame generated by the mixture of the combustible gas and the oxygen in the burst gas. Meanwhile, the maximum aperture of the first opening 241 and the second opening 251 is set to be less than 0.07mm, so that the flame generated by methane, the flame generated by hydrogen and acetylene, and the flame generated by the mixture of combustible gas and oxygen can be blocked to prevent the flame generated by the eruption from spreading.

In one embodiment, the first and second fire stop plates 240, 250 that are adjacent are spaced apart by less than 0.5 millimeters.

The first fire barrier plate 240 and the second fire barrier plate 250 are spaced apart by a distance of less than 0.5mm, so that flames generated by the eruption gas can be blocked and prevented from passing through. At this time, multiple times of blocking can be realized through the first opening 241, the second opening 251, the first flame retardant plate 240 and the second flame retardant plate 250, so that the flame is sufficiently blocked, and the damage is minimized, so as to ensure the reliability and the safety of the lithium ion battery in the use process.

In one embodiment, the separation distance between adjacent first and second flame retardant plates 240, 250 can be less than 0.4 mm. The separation distance between adjacent first and second flame retardant plates 240, 250 may be less than 0.1 mm. The distance between the adjacent first fire barrier plate 240 and the second fire barrier plate 250 may be less than 0.07mm, and the flame generated by methane, the flame generated by hydrogen and acetylene, and the flame generated by a mixture of combustible gas and oxygen can be blocked to prevent the flame generated by the eruption from spreading.

Meanwhile, the distance between the first fire retardant plate 240 and the second fire retardant plate 250 is reduced, so that the fire retardant space 221 can be fully utilized to provide more fire retardant plates, flame can be prevented better, and the safety of the lithium ion battery fireproof device 100 is improved.

Referring to fig. 4, in an embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of first ducts 310 and a first air rail 330. The plurality of first ducts 310 are disposed in the first receiving space 110. One of the first pipes 310 is connected to a cell safety valve 321 of one of the battery cells 320. The battery cells 320 are placed in the first receiving space 110. The first air rail 330 is disposed in the first receiving space 110. The first air rail 330 is connected to a plurality of the first pipes 310. The first air rail 330 is connected to the box air outlet 121.

After the cell safety valves 321 of the plurality of battery cells 320 are opened, a spray may be introduced into the first air rail 330 through the plurality of first pipes 310 and into the tank firestop structure 20 via the tank outlet 121 and the tank safety valve 120. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the spray from flowing freely in the first receiving space 110 to cause a danger by the plurality of first pipes 310 and the first air rail 330.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of monolithic fire barrier structures 40. Each of the unitary firestop structures 40 has a unitary firestop structure inlet 410 and a unitary firestop structure outlet 420. The single firestop structure outlet 420 of each single firestop structure 40 is connected to the first air rail 330. The single firestop structure inlet 410 of one single firestop structure 40 is connected to one of the first conduits 310.

The unitary firestop structure 40 is structurally identical to the box firestop structure 20. Flame from eruptions during thermal runaway of the battery cells 320 may be blocked by the cell firestop structure 40. At the same time, flames from eruptions escaping from the monolithic firestop structure 40 may be directed into the tank firestop structure 20 for blockage by a plurality of the first conduits 310 and the first air rail 330. Therefore, the flame generated by the eruption can be blocked in multiple layers by the single fire retardant structure 40 and the box fire retardant structure 20, and the safety of the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 is improved.

Referring to fig. 5-6, in an embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of battery module housings 50, a plurality of second ducts 710, and a second air rail 720. A plurality of the battery module cases 50 surround to form a second receiving space 510. The plurality of battery module cases 50 are disposed in the first receiving space 110. Each of the battery module cases 50 is provided with a case air outlet 521. Each of the housing air outlets 521 is provided with a housing safety valve 520. A plurality of the first pipes 310 and the first air rail 330 are disposed in the second receiving space 510. The first air rail 330 is connected to the housing air outlet 521. The plurality of second ducts 710 are disposed in the first receiving space 110. One of the second pipes 710 is connected to one of the case safety valves 520 of the battery module case 50. The second air rail 720 is disposed in the first receiving space 110. The second air rail 720 is connected to a plurality of the second pipes 710. The second air rail 720 is connected to the box air outlet 121.

When the battery module case 50 is disposed in the first receiving space 110, the spray passing through the plurality of first ducts 310 and the first air rail 330 may be introduced into the second air rail 720 through the plurality of second ducts 710. Meanwhile, the tank fire barrier 20 is entered via the tank outlet port 121 and the tank safety valve 120. Thus, the first pipes 310, the first air rail 330, the second pipes 710 and the second air rail 720 can prevent the spray from flowing freely in the first receiving space 110 to cause danger.

Referring to fig. 7, in one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of modular fire stopping structures 60. Each of the modular firestop structures 60 has a modular firestop structure inlet 610 and a modular firestop structure outlet 620. The module firestop structure outlet 620 of each of the module firestop structures 60 is connected to the second air rail 720. The modular firestop structure inlet 610 of one of the modular firestop structures 60 is connected to one of the second conduits 710.

Wherein the module firestop structure 60 is structurally identical to the box firestop structure 20. Flames generated by eruptions generated by the battery cells 320 within the battery module housing 50 may be blocked by the module firestop structure 60. At the same time, the first conduit 310 and the first air rail 330 can direct flames from eruptions that leak off the monolithic firestop structure 40 into the modular firestop structure 60. And to direct flame from spilled eruptions of the modular firestop structure 60 through the second conduit 710 and the second air rail 720 into the tank firestop structure 20 for containment. Therefore, the flame generated by the eruption can be blocked in multiple levels by the module fire retardant structure 60, the single fire retardant structure 40 and the box fire retardant structure 20, and the safety of the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 is improved.

Referring to fig. 8, in an embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a battery pack 80. The battery pack 80 is disposed in the first receiving space 110. When explosion leakage occurs when the battery pack 80 is thermally out of control, the tank safety valve 120 is opened when the inside reaches a certain pressure limit. At this point, spray can enter the tank firestop structure 20. Flame generated by eruptions can be blocked and extinguished through the box fire retardant structure 20, and the safety of the battery pack 80 in the actual use process is ensured.

Referring to fig. 9-10, in one embodiment, lithium ion battery fire safety apparatus 100 further includes a fibrous fire barrier structure 130. The fiber fire barrier structure 130 is filled in the first receiving space 110, and the fiber fire barrier structure 130 is a flexible flame-retardant fiber structure. And the fibrous fire barrier structure 130 is used for surrounding the plurality of battery cells 320 or the battery pack 30 so as to prevent the spread of flame generated by eruptions after thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells 320.

When thermal runaway occurs in the plurality of battery cells 320 in the battery case 10, mixed combustible gas is generated. When the pressure inside the battery cell 320 reaches a certain limit, the safety valve of the battery cell 320 is opened, and the combustible mixture is released into the battery case 10 along with the battery burst. When the pressure inside the battery case 10 reaches a certain value, the case safety valve 120 of the battery case 10 is broken, and the case safety valve 120 is opened. In this case, the eruption and release of combustible gas is accompanied by sparks or other high-temperature particles, and a flame is easily generated after contact with oxygen.

The fibrous firestop structure 130 fills the first receiving space 110 and surrounds the plurality of battery cells 320. The fibrous firestop structure 130 is a flexible fire-retardant fibrous structure that can be wrapped around a plurality of the battery cells 320 even if the battery cells 320 release hair spray or the battery case 10 is ruptured. The fibrous firestop structure 130 isolates the eruption from air and prevents the combustible mixture, sparks, in the eruption from contacting the air. Meanwhile, the fibrous fire barrier structure 130 covers the periphery of a plurality of battery cells 320, so that the adjacent two battery cells 320 can be isolated. Therefore, the influence of thermal runaway of one of the battery cells 320 on the surrounding battery cells 320 is avoided, an isolation effect is achieved, and the condition factors of combustion and fire are reduced. Thereby stopping the flame generated by the eruption and further playing a role in stopping the flame from spreading.

Meanwhile, as the fiber fire barrier structure 130 is a flame-retardant fiber structure, when the battery cell 320 releases a spray or the battery box body 10 is broken, the surrounding air can be prevented from contacting the battery cell 320 after thermal runaway, and the generation of intensified flame or new flame can be prevented. Thus, the safety of lithium ion batteries during actual use can be improved by the fibrous firestop structure 130.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a fibrous tow having a plurality of filaments, with the distance between adjacent filaments being less than 0.5 millimeters.

The fibrous firestop structure 130 may also be considered to be a fibrous composite material having a fiber diameter of less than 0.5 millimeters.

The fiber diameter setting of the fiber composite material can also be different according to different flame transmission critical diameters generated by different gases or steam. The fiber composite material has the fiber diameter less than 0.5mm, and can block flame generated by methane, hydrogen, acetylene and a mixture of combustible gas and oxygen in eruption gas. Meanwhile, when the flame passes through the fiber fire retardant structure 130, the heat loss is suddenly increased due to the fiber diameter of the fiber composite material being less than 0.5mm, and the condition factor that the flame continues to catch fire is reduced, so that the flame cannot continue to go down to be extinguished, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a fibrous tow having a plurality of filaments, with the distance between adjacent filaments being less than 0.4 millimeters. Because the critical diameter of the flame produced by methane is between 0.4mm and 0.5mm, the fibrous firestop structure 130 may substantially block the flame produced by methane in the eruption gas.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a fibrous tow having a plurality of filaments, with the distance between adjacent filaments being less than 0.1 millimeters. Since the critical diameter of the flame generated by the hydrogen and acetylene is 0.1mm to 0.2mm, the fibrous fire barrier structure 130 may substantially block the flame generated by the hydrogen and acetylene in the eruption gas.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a fibrous tow having a plurality of filaments, with the distance between adjacent filaments being less than 0.07 mm. The fiber composite may also be considered to have a fiber diameter of less than 0.07 mm.

Because the critical diameter of the flame produced by the mixture of combustible gas and oxygen is between 0.07mm and 0.5mm, the fibrous firestop structure 130 can substantially block the flame produced by the mixture of combustible gas and oxygen in the blast gas.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a quartz fiber.

Wherein the quartz fiber is a special glass fiber with the SiO2 content of more than 99.95 percent and the filament diameter of 1-15 mu m, and is made of high-purity silicon dioxide and natural quartz crystal. The quartz fiber is a continuous long fiber with the highest strength and the temperature of over 1000 ℃ for a long time, and the short-time use temperature can reach 1300 ℃. The quartz fiber has high temperature resistance, good insulating property and high resistivity, and can block flame generated in eruption so as to play a role in extinguishing fire.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A lithium ion battery fire protection device, comprising:

the battery box body (10) surrounds to form a first accommodating space (110), a plurality of battery monomers (320) or battery packs (80) are placed in the first accommodating space (110), and the battery box body (10) is provided with a box body air outlet (121);

a tank safety valve (120) arranged at the tank air outlet (121);

a box body fire retardant structure (20) comprising a box body fire retardant housing (220), an inlet baffle (222), an outlet baffle (223), and an inlet connection (210);

the inlet baffle (222) and the outlet baffle (223) are respectively arranged at two ends of the box fire retardant shell (220), and the box fire retardant shell (220), the inlet baffle (222) and the outlet baffle (223) surround to form a fire retardant space (221);

a fire-retardant space inlet (2221) is formed between the inlet baffle (222) and the box fire-retardant shell (220), a fire-retardant space outlet (2231) is formed between the outlet baffle (223) and the box fire-retardant shell (220), and the fire-retardant space inlet (2221) and the fire-retardant space outlet (2231) are not coplanar;

one end of the box fire retardant outer shell (220) provided with the inlet baffle (222) is connected with one end of the inlet connecting part (210), and one end of the inlet connecting part (210) far away from the inlet baffle (222) is connected with the box safety valve (120) so as to prevent eruptions released after thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells (320) and prevent flame spread generated by the eruptions.

2. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of first fire retardant plates (240) arranged at intervals in the fire retardant space (221), wherein one end of each first fire retardant plate (240) is connected with the inlet baffle (222), and the other end of each first fire retardant plate (240) extends towards the outlet baffle (223) and forms a first opening (241) with the outlet baffle (223);

a plurality of second fire retardant plates (250) disposed at intervals in the fire retardant space (221), the plurality of second fire retardant plates (250) being arranged alternately with the plurality of first fire retardant plates (240), each of the second fire retardant plates (250) having one end connected to the exit baffle (223), each of the second fire retardant plates (250) extending toward the entrance baffle (222) and forming a second opening (251) with the entrance baffle (222);

the firestop space entrance (2221), the first plurality of openings (241), the second plurality of openings (251) and the firestop space exit (2231) form a firestop passage (260), the firestop passage (260) being configured to prevent the spread of a flame generated by a hair spray.

3. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 2, wherein the first opening (241) and the second opening (251) have a maximum pore size of less than 0.5 mm.

4. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 2, wherein the first flame retardant plate (240) and the second flame retardant plate (250) that are adjacent are separated by a distance of less than 0.5 mm.

5. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of first pipes (310) disposed in the first receiving space (110), one of the first pipes (310) being connected to a cell safety valve (321) of one of the battery cells (320), the battery cell (320) being placed in the first receiving space (110);

the first air rail (330) is arranged in the first accommodating space (110), the first air rail (330) is connected with the plurality of first pipelines (310), and the first air rail (330) is connected with the box air outlet (121).

6. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 5, further comprising:

a plurality of unitary flame retardant structures (40), each of the unitary flame retardant structures (40) having a unitary flame retardant structure entrance (410) and a unitary flame retardant structure exit (420), the unitary flame retardant structure exit (420) of each of the unitary flame retardant structures (40) being connected to the first gas rail (330);

the single firestop structure inlet (410) of one single firestop structure (40) is connected to one of the first conduits (310).

7. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 6, further comprising:

the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery pack housings (50) which surround to form a second accommodating space (510), the plurality of battery pack housings (50) are arranged in the first accommodating space (110), each battery pack housing (50) is provided with a housing air outlet (521), and each housing air outlet (521) is provided with a housing safety valve (520).

8. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 7, wherein a plurality of the first ducts (310) and the first air rail (330) are disposed in the second receiving space (510), and the first air rail (330) is connected to the housing air outlet (521).

9. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 8, further comprising:

a plurality of second ducts (710) provided in the first receiving space (110), one of the second ducts (710) being connected to the case safety valve (520) of one of the battery module cases (50);

and a second air rail (720) disposed in the first receiving space (110), wherein the second air rail (720) is connected to the plurality of second pipes (710), and the second air rail (720) is connected to the box air outlet (121).

10. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 9, further comprising:

a plurality of modular firestop structures (60), each said modular firestop structure (60) having a modular firestop structure entrance (610) and a modular firestop structure exit (620), said modular firestop structure exit (620) of each said modular firestop structure (60) being connected to said second air rail (720);

the modular firestop structure inlet (610) of one of the modular firestop structures (60) is connected to one of the second conduits (710).

Images