CN112002846B

CN112002846B - Battery container, fire extinguishing method for battery of battery container, and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN112002846B
Application number: CN202010938294.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谷孝娟; 李丽
Original assignee: Beijing Future Zhiku Automobile Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Future Zhiku Automobile Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-08
Filing date: 2020-09-08
Publication date: 2022-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-08
Also published as: CN112002846A

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery container, a fire extinguishing method of a battery thereof and a vehicle, wherein the battery container comprises a box body with a sealed cavity, the box body comprises a through hole communicated with the sealed cavity, the box body also comprises a fluid inlet and outlet pipeline communicated with the through hole, the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline is communicated with the atmosphere, a sealing gasket is arranged at the joint of the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline and the through hole, the vehicle comprises the battery container, and the fire extinguishing method comprises the step of injecting a fire extinguishing medium into the battery container through a plurality of fluid inlet and outlet pipelines. The battery container provided by the invention can guide a fire-fighting medium through the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline when the battery is out of control due to heat, so that the purposes of fire extinguishing and cooling are safely and efficiently realized. The fluid inlet and outlet pipeline can lead harmful gas generated when the battery is out of control due to heat to the outside of the vehicle, thereby gaining time for escape. The battery container provided by the invention can meet the requirements of dustproof and waterproof grades of the vehicle battery container.

Description

Battery container, fire extinguishing method for battery of battery container, and vehicle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of battery application, in particular to a battery container, a fire extinguishing method of a battery of the battery container and a vehicle.

Background

With the popularization of new energy automobiles, in particular, lithium batteries are widely applied. Meanwhile, the safety problem of the lithium battery becomes the focus of social attention due to multiple fire accidents. The lithium battery as an automobile power source has large energy storage capacity, and the lithium battery is likely to be out of control due to heat and further to be ignited and exploded under various conditions such as high temperature, collision, overcharge, short circuit, aging and the like. Therefore, fire extinguishing measures need to be taken into consideration throughout the life cycle of the lithium battery. After the lithium battery is on fire, the electrolyte is heated and decomposed to release oxygen, so that the lithium battery is difficult to extinguish by adopting an air isolation method, and if the lithium battery is not cooled in time, the lithium battery can be re-ignited. The traditional battery fire extinguishing method has the problems of long time consumption, easy reignition, high cost, easy environmental pollution and the like, for example, in the event of fire of a Dutch i8 BMW vehicle, a fire fighter puts the vehicle into a container filled with water for 24 hours, so as to avoid the reignition condition. When the battery enters thermal runaway, inflammable and toxic gas is discharged, even flame is sprayed, other combustible substances are ignited quickly if the battery is light, property loss of vehicles and the like is caused, and personnel casualties are caused by blocking an escape channel if the battery is heavy.

Therefore, how to significantly improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of the battery, reduce the fire extinguishing cost of the battery, and reduce the financial and life losses becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of long time consumption, high cost and the like of the existing battery fire extinguishing method, the invention provides a battery container which comprises a box body with a sealing cavity, wherein the box body comprises a plurality of through holes communicated with the sealing cavity, the battery container also comprises fluid inlet and outlet pipelines communicated with the through holes one by one, the fluid inlet and outlet pipelines are directly communicated with the atmosphere, and sealing gaskets are arranged at the joints of the fluid inlet and outlet pipelines and the through holes and are used for sealing the through holes.

Based on above-mentioned technical scheme, with fire extinguisher and fluid business turn over pipeline butt joint when the battery thermal runaway, the pressure of fire extinguisher can directly destroy sealed the pad and pour into the sealed chamber with the medium of putting out a fire, and the medium of putting out a fire takes away the heat through battery unit, flows out from other fluid business turn over pipelines for battery unit cooling.

Preferably, the rupture pressure of the gasket is less than a preset pressure.

Based on the preferable technical scheme, the sealing gasket keeps sealing at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the preset pressure can be the lowest pressure of the fire extinguishing equipment. The fire extinguishing equipment can destroy the sealing gasket and inject fire extinguishing medium when the battery is out of control due to heat. The preset pressure may be selected as the pressure at which the battery thermally runaway discharges a large amount of gas. When the battery is out of control due to heat, the sealing gasket can be broken in time to discharge gas to release pressure, and the pressure is easy to detect.

Preferably, the thickness of the gasket increases in a radial direction from the center to the edge of the gasket.

Based on above-mentioned preferred technical scheme, sealed marginal thickness height of filling up can avoid the junction friction to tear.

Preferably, the end of the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline communicated with the atmosphere is a bell mouth.

Based on above-mentioned preferred technical scheme, fluid business turn over pipeline can directly dock with the fire-fighting equipment.

Preferably, the fluid inlet and outlet pipe comprises one or more bends for changing direction, and one end of the fluid inlet and outlet pipe protrudes radially outwards to form a collar, which is in sealing connection with the through hole.

Based on above-mentioned preferred technical scheme, fluid business turn over pipeline can change the direction according to the demand, has the discharge of direction with gas or flame, prevents that toxic gas from surrounding the vehicle and prevents that flame from directly igniting the automobile body simultaneously, strives for the time for fleing. The protruding retainer ring is convenient to be connected with the through hole and enhances the air tightness.

Preferably, the box includes upper housing, lower casing, and upper housing includes the under shed that sets up down, and the border of under shed outwards extends the lower frame, and the lower casing includes the last opening that sets up, and the border of upper shed outwards extends the upper frame, and upper frame and lower frame pass through bolt fixed connection, and the upper frame is provided with the sealing washer with the lower frame junction.

Based on above-mentioned preferred technical scheme, the box dismouting is convenient simultaneously the box be the totally enclosed structure under normal atmospheric temperature and pressure, can reach the basic dustproof and waterproof requirement of automobile-used battery container, avoids intaking to lead to the battery short circuit.

Preferably, the box body comprises at least one connecting piece, and a fixing hole for fixing the box body is formed in the connecting piece.

Based on above-mentioned preferred technical scheme, box fixable mounting avoids the battery to lead to thermal runaway because of vibrations.

Preferably, the sealed chamber is provided with a partition.

Preferably, the number of the through holes is two, the through holes are formed in the same side face of the upper shell, the partition board and the box body are connected to form a closed cross-sectional structure, one joint is located between the two through holes, and a gap is reserved between the partition board and one face, far away from the through holes, of the box body.

Based on the above preferred technical scheme, when the battery is out of control thermally, the two fluid inlet and outlet pipelines and the partition plate form a fire-fighting medium channel, a fire-fighting medium enters through one fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, flows along the channel formed by the partition plate, reaches the other fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, flows out, and can flow through the whole battery container sealing cavity.

In order to achieve the above technical object, the present invention also discloses a fire extinguishing method for a battery in the above battery container, comprising the steps of,

when the battery fails, observing the state of a pipeline port through which the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline is communicated with the atmosphere;

injecting a fire extinguishing medium into the fluid inlet and outlet duct when the at least one fluid inlet and outlet duct is exhausting gas or flames outwardly.

Based on above-mentioned technical scheme, when the battery thermal runaway, partial fluid business turn over pipeline exhaust gas release pressure. Gas or flame can be found in time, and the water-based fire extinguishing agent is injected through the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency can be improved.

Preferably, after the fire extinguishing medium is injected into the current fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, observing whether the fire extinguishing medium flows out of other fluid inlet and outlet pipelines except the current fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, if not, increasing the injection pressure of the fire extinguishing medium, and if so, ending.

Based on the preferred technical scheme, the fire extinguishing medium can be ensured to have enough injection quantity and injection strength.

Preferably, the fluid inlet and outlet pipe into which the extinguishing medium is injected is a pipe from which no gas or flame is discharged, said extinguishing medium being water or a water-based extinguishing agent.

Based on the preferred technical scheme, when part of the fluid enters and exits the pipeline and can not be close to the pipeline because of the sprayed gas or the flame, the fire extinguishing medium can be injected through other pipelines.

The invention also provides a vehicle, which comprises a vehicle body and the battery container, wherein the box body is fixed in the vehicle body, one end of the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, which is communicated with the atmosphere, extends out of the vehicle body from a position far away from the vehicle door, and the spraying direction of the gas is restrained.

Based on above-mentioned technical scheme, fluid business turn over pipeline can derive the automobile body with harmful gas and avoid the door position, opens up the passageway for fleing for, strives for the time of fleing.

Preferably, the end of the fluid inlet and outlet duct communicating with the atmosphere extends outside the vehicle body from a different orientation.

Based on above-mentioned preferred technical scheme, fluid business turn over pipeline stretches out from the automobile body different positions, and when some fluid business turn over pipeline blowout gas or flame were difficult for being close to, the fluid business turn over pipeline on the accessible different positions pours into fire extinguishing medium.

Compared with the prior art, the battery container has the advantages that when the battery is out of control due to thermal runaway, the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline can timely discharge harmful gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery, the pressure is released, and the battery container is easy to detect by a user. The fluid inlet and outlet pipeline can discharge harmful gas and flame in a guiding way, so that time is won for escape. The fire extinguishing medium is guided in through the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, so that the purposes of fire extinguishing and cooling can be safely and efficiently realized. When part of the fluid enters and exits the pipeline to spray others or the flame is not easy to be close to, the fire-fighting medium can be guided through the fluid entering and exiting pipeline at other positions. The battery container provided by the invention can meet the requirements of dustproof and waterproof grades of the vehicle battery, and is wide in application range. During a fire disaster, harmful gas and flame are discharged from the vehicle in a guiding manner, the vehicle is prevented from being ignited quickly, meanwhile, a safe escape passage is provided for personnel on the vehicle, and casualties are avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a battery container according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the fluid inlet and outlet conduit of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the case of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the gasket of fig. 1.

In the figure, 1, a box body; 11. sealing the cavity; 12. an upper housing; 13. a lower housing; 14. a partition plate; 15. a lower frame; 16. an upper frame; 17. a connecting member; 18. a fixing hole; 19. a through hole; 2. a fluid inlet and outlet conduit; 21. a retainer ring; 22. bending the pipe; 23. a bell mouth; 24. and a gasket.

Detailed Description

The invention is specifically illustrated and described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a battery container, which comprises a case 1 and a plurality of fluid inlet and outlet pipes 2, in order to solve the problems of the prior battery container that harmful gas cannot be discharged in time, fire extinguishing cost is high, etc.

As shown in fig. 3, the case 1 may have various shapes, preferably a rectangular parallelepiped. The case 1 includes a sealed cavity 11 for accommodating the battery assembly. Preferably, box 1 includes upper casing 12, lower casing 13, and upper casing 12 includes the lower opening that sets up down, and lower open-ended border outwards extends lower frame 15, and lower casing 13 includes the last opening that sets up, and upper opening's border outwards extends upper frame 16, and upper frame 16 and lower frame 15 pass through bolt fixed connection, and upper frame 16 and lower frame 15 junction are provided with the sealing washer. The box body 1 is convenient to disassemble and assemble and is of a fully-closed structure at normal temperature and normal pressure, the basic dustproof and waterproof requirements of the vehicle battery container can be met, and the battery short circuit caused by water inflow is avoided. The tank 1 preferably comprises at least one connector 17, the connector 17 being provided with a fixing hole 18 for fixing the tank 1. The connecting members 17 may be arranged in different orientations, preferably symmetrically on the sides of the lower housing 13. The connecting pieces 17 can have different numbers, preferably 6. The box body 1 can be fixedly installed, and thermal runaway of the battery due to vibration is avoided. The tank 1 comprises a plurality of through holes 19 communicating with the capsule 11, the through holes 19 being of different number, preferably two. The through hole 19 is preferably circular. The through holes 19 are communicated with the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline 2 one by one, the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline 2 is directly communicated with the atmosphere, a sealing gasket 24 for sealing the through holes 19 is arranged at the joint of the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline 2 and the through holes 19, and the rupture pressure of the sealing gasket 24 is smaller than the preset pressure. The preset pressure is preferably 1MPa, and the pressure of the fire-fighting equipment can break the sealing gasket 24 and inject fire-fighting media. Preferably, the gasket 24 has different burst pressures, and when the battery is thermally out of control, a part of the exhaust passage can be opened to release the pressure, and a fire fighter can inject fire fighting medium from the unopened fluid inlet and outlet pipe 2. The differential burst pressure of the gasket 24 prevents the fluid inlet and outlet pipes 2 from being completely filled with harmful gas or from being sprayed with flames, which makes it difficult to introduce the fire-fighting medium. The rupture pressure of the partial sealing gasket 24 is preferably 0.1-0.2MPa, and the partial sealing gasket can be ruptured in time when the battery is out of control due to heat, and harmful gas is discharged through the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline 2 and is easy to identify. The sealing gasket 24 can have different melting temperatures, and the melting temperature of a part of the sealing gasket 24 is preferably 100-300 ℃, so that harmful gas can be melted and discharged at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery. As shown in fig. 4, the thickness of the gasket 24 preferably increases in a radial direction from the center to the edge of the gasket 24, facilitating the connection while preventing the edge from being worn by friction. Under normal temperature and pressure, the sealing gasket 24 is kept intact, the protection grade of the battery container reaches IP67 or even higher, and the protection grade of the battery container meets the national standard.

The fluid access duct 2 may have different orientations, preferably with the end of the fluid access duct 2 communicating with the atmosphere being disposed in different directions, preferably avoiding the door position. The guided discharge of harmful gas can prevent toxic gas from surrounding the whole vehicle, and when a fire occurs, the flame is discharged from the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline 2, so that the vehicle body can be prevented from being ignited, and time is won for escape. When part of the fluid enters and exits the pipeline 2 to spray toxic gas or flame can not be close to, the fire-fighting medium can be injected through the fluid entering and exiting pipeline 2 in other directions. The end of the fluid inlet and outlet pipe 2 communicating with the atmosphere is preferably a bell 23. the bell 23 may have a different diameter, preferably 19-120 mm, and can be directly docked with a fire apparatus. As shown in fig. 2, the fluid inlet and outlet pipe 2 preferably comprises one or more bends 22 for changing direction, one end of the fluid inlet and outlet pipe 2 projecting radially outwards forming a collar 21, the collar 21 being sealingly connected to the through bore 19. The fluid inlet and outlet pipe 2 can change the direction according to the requirement, and the gas or the flame can be discharged in a guiding way.

In the preferred embodiment, the upper shell 12 comprises two through holes 19 arranged on the same side, the sealed chamber 11 is provided with a partition 14, the partition 14 is jointed with the box body 1 to form a closed cross-sectional structure, one joint is positioned between the two through holes 19, and a gap is left between the partition 14 and the surface of the box body 1 far away from the through holes 19. When the battery is in thermal runaway, the two fluid inlet and outlet pipelines 2 and the partition plate 14 form a fire-fighting medium channel, and a fire-fighting medium enters through one fluid inlet and outlet pipeline 2, flows along the channel formed by the partition plate 14, reaches the other fluid inlet and outlet pipeline 2 and flows out and can flow through the whole battery container sealed cavity 11.

In another preferred embodiment, the tank 1 includes a first through hole and a second through hole, the first through hole having a rupture pressure of 1MPa, and the second through hole having a rupture pressure of 0.2 MPa. The first through hole and the second through hole are provided on opposite sides, the first through hole is provided in the upper case 12, and the second through hole is provided in the lower case 13. When the battery is out of control thermally, the second through hole is broken. The second through hole is not easy to be approached by exhaust gas or flame, and the fire-fighting medium can be injected from the first through hole. The fire-fighting medium can flow out of the second through hole after flowing through the sealed cavity 11 of the entire battery container. By setting different rupture pressures, the discharge of harmful gases or flames from a set fluid inlet and outlet pipeline can be controlled.

The thermal runaway of the lithium battery is gradually upgraded along with the temperature, and the generation of combustible and combustion-supporting substances is also gradually upgraded along with the temperature. At 130-175 ℃, the reaction of the anode and the electrolyte generates a large amount of heat and combustible hydrocarbons, and the reaction reaches the maximum exothermic peak at 155 ℃ and the exothermic amount is 1134J/g. The maximum exothermic peak is reached at 288 ℃ between 249 and 312 ℃, and the exothermic quantity is ll 79J/g. Oxygen released at the cathode reacts with the lithiated anode. At higher temperatures, the cathode begins to decompose and release oxygen. Therefore, timely cooling is an effective way for fire extinguishing. The invention provides a fire extinguishing method for the battery container, which comprises the following steps of observing the state of a pipeline port of a fluid inlet and outlet pipeline communicated with the atmosphere when a battery fails; injecting a fire extinguishing medium into the fluid inlet and outlet duct when the at least one fluid inlet and outlet duct is exhausting gas or flames outwardly. When the battery thermal runaway, partial fluid enters and exits the pipeline and discharges the gas to release pressure. Gas or flame can be found in time, and the water-based fire extinguishing agent is injected through the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency can be improved. After the fire extinguishing medium is injected into the current fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, preferably observing whether the fire extinguishing medium flows out of other fluid inlet and outlet pipelines except the current fluid inlet and outlet pipeline, if not, increasing the injection pressure of the fire extinguishing medium, and if so, ending. A sufficient injection amount and injection strength of the extinguishing medium can be ensured. Preferably, the fluid inlet and outlet pipe for injecting extinguishing medium is a pipe for not discharging gas or flame, and the fluid inlet and outlet pipe for injecting extinguishing medium is preferably in a different direction from the pipe for discharging gas or flame. When part of the fluid enters and exits the pipeline because of the sprayed gas or the flame can not be close to the pipeline, the fire extinguishing medium can be injected through the pipeline in other directions. The extinguishing medium is preferably water or a water-based extinguishing agent. The water-based fire suppressant is able to cool down rapidly, degrading the battery thermal runaway until it cools completely.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The battery container is characterized by comprising a box body (1) with a sealed cavity (11), wherein the box body (1) is provided with a plurality of through holes (19) communicated with the sealed cavity (11), the battery container further comprises fluid inlet and outlet pipelines (2) communicated with the through holes (19) one by one, the fluid inlet and outlet pipelines (2) are directly communicated with the atmosphere, a sealing gasket (24) is arranged at the joint of the fluid inlet and outlet pipelines (2) and the through holes (19), the sealing gasket (24) is used for sealing the through holes (19), the sealing gaskets (24) have different melting temperatures, and part of the sealing gaskets (24) are used for reaching the melting temperature of the sealing gaskets and melting at the initial stage of battery thermal runaway; the battery container is used for: when the battery in the battery container is in failure, the state of a pipeline port of the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline (2) communicated with the atmosphere is observed at the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery, the partial sealing gasket (24) reaches the self melting temperature and melts, and when the sealing gasket (24) of at least one fluid inlet and outlet pipeline (2) melts and discharges gas or flame outwards, a fire extinguishing medium is injected into the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline (2) which does not discharge the gas or the flame.

2. A battery container according to claim 1, characterized in that the rupture pressure of the gasket (24) is less than a predetermined pressure.

3. A battery container according to claim 2, characterized in that the thickness of the gasket (24) increases in a radial direction from the center to the edge of the gasket (24).

4. A battery container according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the end of the fluid inlet and outlet conduit (2) communicating with the atmosphere is flared (23).

5. A battery container according to claim 4, characterized in that said fluid inlet and outlet duct (2) comprises one or more bends (22) for changing direction, one end of said fluid inlet and outlet duct (2) projecting radially outwards forming a collar (21), said collar (21) being sealingly connected to said through hole (19).

6. The battery container according to claim 5, wherein the box body (1) comprises an upper shell (12) and a lower shell (13), the upper shell (12) comprises a downward lower opening, a lower frame (15) extends outwards from the edge of the lower opening, the lower shell (13) comprises an upward upper opening, an upper frame (16) extends outwards from the edge of the upper opening, the upper frame (16) and the lower frame (15) are fixedly connected through bolts, a sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the upper frame (16) and the lower frame (15), the box body (1) comprises at least one connecting member (17), and a fixing hole (18) for fixing the box body (1) is formed in the connecting member (17).

7. A battery container according to any of claims 5-6, characterized in that the sealed chamber (11) is provided with a partition (14).

8. A battery container as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the number of through-holes (19) is two; the box body (1) comprises an upper shell (12), the through holes (19) are arranged on the same side surface of the upper shell (12), the partition plate (14) is jointed with the box body (1) to form a cross-sectional structure, and one joint is positioned between the two through holes (19); and a gap is reserved between the partition plate (14) and one surface of the box body (1) far away from the through hole (19).

9. A method of extinguishing fires in batteries in battery containers according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,

when the battery fails, at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery, observing the state of a pipeline port through which a fluid inlet and outlet pipeline is communicated with the atmosphere, and enabling part of the sealing gasket to reach the self-melting temperature and melt; when the sealing gasket of at least one fluid inlet and outlet pipeline is melted and gas or flame is discharged outwards, fire extinguishing medium is injected into the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline without gas or flame being discharged.

10. The fire extinguishing method for a battery according to claim 9, wherein after the fire extinguishing medium is injected into the current fluid inlet/outlet pipe, it is observed whether the fire extinguishing medium flows out from other fluid inlet/outlet pipes than the current fluid inlet/outlet pipe, if not, the fire extinguishing medium injection pressure is increased, and if yes, the operation is ended.

11. The fire extinguishing method for a battery according to claim 10,

the fluid inlet and outlet pipeline for injecting the fire extinguishing medium is a pipeline without discharging gas or flame, and the fire extinguishing medium is water or water-based fire extinguishing agent.

12. A vehicle comprising a vehicle body, characterized by further comprising a battery container according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the case (1) is fixed to the inside of the vehicle body, and the end of the fluid inlet/outlet pipe (2) communicating with the atmosphere protrudes from the outside of the vehicle body from a position away from the door.

13. A vehicle according to claim 12, characterised in that the end of the fluid access duct (2) communicating with the atmosphere extends outside the body of the vehicle from a different orientation.