CN210873829U

CN210873829U - Lithium ion battery fire protection device

Info

Publication number: CN210873829U
Application number: CN201921257590.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王贺武; 李伟峰; 张亚军; 李成; 欧阳明高; 李建秋; 卢兰光; 杜玖玉; 韩雪冰; 冯旭宁
Original assignee: Tsinghua University
Current assignee: Tsinghua University
Priority date: 2019-08-05
Filing date: 2019-08-05
Publication date: 2020-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-05

Abstract

The application provides a lithium ion battery firebreak device. Each first flame arrester panel forms an opening with the inner wall of the fire-arresting housing of the tank. Through the plurality of openings, a curved firestop passage may be formed so that flames from eruptions passing through the firestop space may be arrested. The first plurality of flame arrestor plates may block flames produced by a hair spray as they pass through a curved flame arrestor passage in the flame arrestor space. When the flame generated by the eruption impacts a plurality of first fire retardant plates, the energy of the flame is lost due to the wall effect termination chain reaction, the wall surface heat transfer is facilitated, the destruction rate of active groups is increased, and therefore the flame cannot be continuously ignited, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading. Simultaneously, the temperature of eruption thing can carry out heat transfer through first back-fire relief board and box back-fire relief shell and realize the heat dissipation. When the aperture of the plurality of openings is smaller than the critical diameter of the flame generated by the eruption, the flame cannot be transmitted, so that the flame cannot be continuously ignited, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading.

Description

Lithium ion battery fire protection device

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery fireproof device.

Background

In recent years, the market share of electric vehicles has steadily increased. The lithium ion battery has excellent performances of high voltage, high specific energy, long cycle life, no pollution to the environment and the like, is highly concerned by the electric automobile industry, and obtains certain application. However, during thermal runaway of lithium ion batteries, combustible gas mixtures, such as H, are produced₂、 CO、CH₄Etc., and accumulated inside the battery. After the interior of the battery reaches a certain pressure limit, the safety valve is opened, and the combustible mixed gas is released to the external environment of the battery along with the eruption of the battery, so that a fire disaster is easily caused. In order to improve the safety of lithium ion batteries, research work related to fire safety of lithium ion batteries has been carried out at home and abroad.

The safety of the conventional lithium ion battery is improved by setting the opening pressure. For example: when the gas pressure in the battery reaches a certain value, the safety valve is opened, and the gas is released to the external environment, so that the battery explosion is avoided. When the gas pressure in the soft bag reaches a certain value, the soft bag with lower allowable pressure is partially broken by the gas to release the battery eruption, so as to avoid causing the battery explosion. At the moment, when the pressure inside the traditional lithium ion battery box reaches a certain value, the safety valve is opened to lead air to enter the inside of the single body or the inside of the box, so that the eruption object is easy to catch fire after contacting with the air, flame spreading is caused, and the safety of the traditional lithium ion battery box is lower.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Based on this, it is necessary to provide a lithium ion battery fire protection device capable of greatly improving the fire safety of a lithium ion battery in order to solve the problem that the safety of a conventional lithium ion battery box is low due to the fact that a eruption object is ignited after being contacted with air and the flame is spread after the safety valve is opened or a soft package is broken.

The application provides a lithium ion battery firebreak device includes battery box, box relief valve and box back-fire relief structure. The battery box body surrounds and forms a first accommodating space. A plurality of battery monomers are placed in the first accommodating space. The battery box body is provided with a box body air outlet. The tank body safety valve is arranged at the tank body air outlet. The box firestop structure has a box firestop structure entrance. The inlet of the box fire retardant structure is connected with the box safety valve to prevent the flame generated by the eruption from spreading. The box fire-retardant structure comprises a box fire-retardant shell and a plurality of first fire-retardant plates arranged at intervals. The fire-retardant shell of the box body surrounds to form a fire-retardant space. The box body fire retardant structure inlet is arranged at one end, close to the box body safety valve, of the box body fire retardant shell. A plurality of intervals set up first back-fire relief board set up in the inner wall of box back-fire relief shell, and adjacent two first back-fire relief board set up respectively in the relative both sides of box back-fire relief shell inner wall, and every first back-fire relief board with the inner wall of box back-fire relief shell forms an opening.

The application provides an above-mentioned lithium ion battery firebreak device. Two adjacent first back-fire relief plates are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the inner wall of the box body back-fire relief shell. And each first fire retardant plate and the inner wall of the fire retardant shell of the box body form an opening. A curved firestop passage may be formed by a plurality of openings formed by a plurality of said first firestop plates and the inner wall of the fire stop housing of the box, so that flames from eruptions passing through the fire stop space may be prevented. The plurality of first flame barrier plates provide a barrier to the flame generated by a hair spray as it passes through the curved flame trap pathway in the flame trap space. When the flame generated by the eruption impacts a plurality of first fire retardant plates, the energy of the flame is lost due to the wall effect termination chain reaction, the wall surface heat transfer is facilitated, the destruction rate of active groups is increased, and therefore the flame cannot be continuously ignited, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading.

Simultaneously, when the eruption striking is a plurality of first back-fire relief plate with when the box back-fire relief shell, the temperature of eruption can be through first back-fire relief plate with the box back-fire relief shell carries out heat transfer and realizes dispelling the heat. And when the aperture of the plurality of openings is smaller than the critical diameter of the flame generated by the eruption, the flame generated by the eruption can be blocked, so that the flame cannot be transmitted, the eruption cannot be continuously ignited, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion battery fire protection device provided in the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a firestop structure of the tank in one embodiment provided herein;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an open configuration of the firestop structure of the tank of FIG. 2 as provided herein;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a firestop structure of the tank in another embodiment provided herein;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an open configuration of the firestop structure of the tank of FIG. 4 as provided herein;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a firestop structure of the tank in yet another embodiment provided herein;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an open configuration of the firestop structure of the tank of FIG. 6 as provided herein;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a firestop structure of the tank in yet another embodiment provided herein;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a box firestop structure having a square cross-section of the firestop shell of the box of one embodiment of the disclosure provided herein;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a box firestop structure in another embodiment provided herein having a square cross-section of the firestop shell of the box;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a monolithic fire barrier structure in one embodiment provided herein;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a battery module housing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a battery module housing according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a modular fire stopping structure in one embodiment provided herein;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire barrier comprising a fibrous fire barrier structure in one embodiment provided herein;

fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire barrier comprising a fibrous fire barrier structure in another embodiment provided herein;

fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion battery fire protection device including a fibrous fire barrier structure in yet another embodiment provided herein.

Description of the reference numerals

Lithium ion battery firebreak device 100, battery box 10, first receiving space 110, battery monomer 320, battery package 80, box gas outlet 121, box relief valve 120, box fire-retardant structure 20, box fire-retardant structure entry 210, box fire-retardant shell 220, fire-retardant space 221, first fire-retardant plate 240, first fire-retardant passageway 241, fire-retardant part 2421, second opening 2422, second fire-retardant passageway 242, second fire-retardant plate 250, third opening 2431, third fire-retardant passageway 243, support frame 251, first pipeline 310, monomer relief valve 321, first air rail 330, monomer fire-retardant structure 40, monomer fire-retardant structure entry 410, monomer fire-retardant structure exit 420, battery module casing 50, second receiving space 510, casing gas outlet 521, casing relief valve 520, second air rail 720, module fire-retardant structure 60, module fire-retardant structure entry 610, module fire-retardant structure exit 620.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail below by way of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present application.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the present application provides a lithium ion battery fire protection apparatus 100 including a battery case 10, a case safety valve 120, and a case fire relief structure 20. The battery case 10 encloses a first receiving space 110. A plurality of battery cells 320 are placed in the first receiving space 110. The battery case 10 is provided with a case air outlet 121. The tank relief valve 120 is disposed at the tank outlet port 121. The box firestop structure 20 has a box firestop structure entrance 210. The tank firestop structure inlet 210 is connected to the tank safety valve 120 to prevent the spread of the fire from the eruption. The box firestop structure 20 comprises a box firestop housing 220 and a plurality of first firestop plates 240 arranged in spaced apart relation. The box firestop housing 220 encloses a firestop space 221. The tank firestop structure inlet 210 is disposed at an end of the tank firestop housing 220 adjacent to the tank safety valve 120. A plurality of first fire stop plates 240 arranged at intervals are disposed within the fire stop space 221. Each of the first flame retardant plates 240 is disposed on the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220. Two adjacent first fire retardant plates 240 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the inner wall of the box fire retardant housing 220. And each of the first firestop plates 240 forms an opening with the inner wall of the box firestop housing 220.

When thermal runaway occurs in the plurality of battery cells 320 or the battery pack 80 in the battery case 10, mixed combustible gas is generated. When the pressure inside the battery cell 320 reaches a certain limit, the safety valve of the battery cell 320 is opened, and the combustible mixture is released into the battery case 10 along with the battery burst. The battery pack 80 may burst to release the spray when thermal runaway occurs. When the pressure inside the battery case 10 reaches a certain value, the case safety valve 120 of the battery case 10 is broken, and the case safety valve 120 is opened. In this case, the eruption and release of combustible gas is accompanied by sparks or other high-temperature particles, and a flame is easily generated after contact with oxygen.

Two adjacent first fire retardant plates 240 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the inner wall of the box fire retardant housing 220. And each of the first firestop plates 240 forms an opening with the inner wall of the box firestop housing 220. A curved firestop passage may be formed by a plurality of openings formed by the first firestop plate 240 and the inner wall of the box firestop housing 220 so that flames from eruptions passing through the firestop space 221 may be arrested. The plurality of first flame barrier plates 240 provide a barrier to the flame generated by a hair spray as it passes through the curved flame trap pathway in the flame trap space 221. When a spray-generated flame strikes a plurality of the first fire barrier plates 240, the energy of the flame is lost due to the wall effect termination chain reaction, which is beneficial to the heat transfer of the wall surface and increases the destruction rate of the active groups, so that the spray-generated flame cannot be continuously ignited, and the spread of the spray-generated flame is prevented.

Meanwhile, when a spray hits against a plurality of the first flame retardant plates 240 and the box flame retardant housing 220, the temperature of the spray is transferred through the first flame retardant plates 240 and the box flame retardant housing 220 to dissipate heat. And when the aperture of the plurality of openings is smaller than the critical diameter of the flame generated by the eruption, the flame can be blocked, so that the flame cannot be transmitted, the continuous ignition cannot be realized, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading.

Wherein the first firestop plate 240 and the box firestop housing 220 have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the pressure of an explosion. The tank firestop structure inlet 210 is connected to the tank safety valve 120, i.e., the tank firestop structure 20 is sealingly connected to the tank safety valve 120. At this time, namely, the tank fire-retardant structure 20 may be hermetically connected to the tank safety valve 120 through a pipe, and the diameter of the inner wall of the pipe is larger than that of the tank safety valve 120, so as to completely cover the tank safety valve 120 and avoid interference with normal opening of the tank safety valve 120. When the tank fire-retardant structure 20 is hermetically connected with the tank safety valve 120, a welding or bolting mode can be adopted. Meanwhile, a high-temperature-resistant sealing ring is arranged at the sealing connection part of the box fire retardant structure 20 and the box safety valve 120, so that the connection part is prevented from being damaged due to high temperature generated when the single battery 320 is heated.

The box firestop structure 20 has the characteristics of pressure resistance and high temperature resistance. The high pressures generated by the air flow generated by the eruption as it passes through the box firestop structure 20 require a high degree of pressure resistance to prevent air leakage from the box firestop structure 20.

Referring to FIGS. 2-3, in one embodiment, a plurality of first firestop plates 240 are positioned in series away from the firestop structure entrance 210. Any two of the first flame retardant plates 240 in the plurality of first flame retardant plates 240 are not disposed in the same plane. The side of each first firestop plate 240 remote from the fixed end forms a first opening 2411 (a in fig. 3) with the inner wall of the box firestop housing 220. A plurality of first openings 2411 and the intervening spaces between the first firestop plates 240 form a first firestop passage 241. The first flame retardant pathway 241 is intended to prevent the spread of the flame produced by the eruption.

Each of the first firestop plates 240 is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the box firestop housing 220 to form one of the first openings 2411. The first opening 2411 is configured to allow the hair spray to flow and to block the flame generated by the hair spray, thereby preventing the flame generated by the hair spray from spreading.

Two adjacent first fire retardant plates 240 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the inner wall of the box fire retardant housing 220, and one side of each first fire retardant plate 240, which is far away from the fixed end, and the inner wall of the box fire retardant housing 220 form one first opening 2411. That is, two adjacent first openings 2411 are respectively disposed near two opposite sides of the inner wall of the fire retardant housing 220. It is also understood that two adjacent first openings 2411 are not on the same side (relative to the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220) so that a curved first flame retardant passage 241 is formed. The fire relief space 221 is fully utilized by the first fire relief passage 241 such that the flames produced by the spray pass through the plurality of first openings 2411 to act as a barrier to the spread of the flames produced by the spray.

When the flame generated by the eruption circulates in the first flame retardant channel 241, the distance between two adjacent first flame retardant plates 240 is smaller than the critical diameter of the flame, so that the heat loss of the flame is increased, and the flame is blocked, so that the combustion cannot be continued and extinguished. Moreover, when the flame generated by the eruption circulates in the first fire retardant channel 241, the flame can impact a plurality of first fire retardant plates 240 and the inner wall of the box fire retardant housing 220, and the wall effect is utilized to terminate chain reaction, so that the heat transfer of contact surfaces (the flame is in contact with the first fire retardant plates 240 and the inner wall of the box fire retardant housing 220) is facilitated, the destroying rate of active groups is increased, and the continuous firing cannot be realized.

Wherein a plurality of said first flame retardant plates 240 may be arranged in parallel.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the first opening 2411 is less than 0.5mm, and the separation distance (b in FIG. 5) between two adjacent first fire stop plates 240 is less than 0.5 mm.

The maximum aperture of the first opening 2411 and the distance between two adjacent first fire stop plates 240 are set differently according to the critical diameter of flame transmission generated by different gases or vapors. The first opening 2411 has a maximum aperture of less than 0.5mm, and can block flames generated by methane, hydrogen, acetylene, and a mixture of a combustible gas and oxygen in the eruption gas. Meanwhile, when the flame passes through the first opening 2411, heat loss may be suddenly increased so that combustion cannot be continued to be extinguished. Moreover, when the flame circulates in the first flame retardant channel 241, the flame collides with the plurality of first flame retardant plates 240, so that the temperature of the flame is radiated through the contact surface, the destruction rate of active groups in the flame is increased, the factor that the flame continuously catches fire is reduced, and the flame cannot continuously catch fire to prevent the flame generated by the eruption from spreading.

The spacing distance between two adjacent first fire retardant plates 240 is less than 0.5mm, so that flames generated by eruption gas can be blocked and prevented from passing through. At this time, multiple times of blocking can be realized through the first opening 2411 and the plurality of first fire retardant plates 240, so that the flame is sufficiently blocked, and the damage is minimized, so as to ensure the reliability and safety of the lithium ion battery in the use process.

In one embodiment, the distance between two adjacent first fire retardant plates 240 is less than 0.5mm, and more fire retardant plates can be arranged by making full use of the fire retardant space 221, so as to better prevent flame and improve the safety of the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the first opening 2411 is less than 0.4mm, and the separation distance between two adjacent first fire stop plates 240 is less than 0.4 mm. Since the critical diameter of the flame generated by methane is 0.4 mm-0.5 mm, the first opening 2411 and two adjacent first fire barriers 240 can fully block the flame generated by methane in the eruption gas.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the first opening 2411 is less than 0.1mm, and the separation distance between two adjacent first fire stop plates 240 is less than 0.1 mm. At this time, since the critical diameter of the flame generated by the hydrogen and the acetylene is 0.1mm to 0.2mm, the first opening 2411 and the two adjacent first fire stop plates 240 can fully block the flame generated by the hydrogen and the acetylene in the eruption gas.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the first opening 2411 is less than 0.07mm, and the separation distance between two adjacent first fire stop plates 240 is less than 0.07 mm. At this time, since the critical diameter of the flame generated by the mixture of the combustible gas and the oxygen is 0.07mm to 0.5mm, the first opening 2411 and the two adjacent first fire barriers 240 can sufficiently block the flame generated by the mixture of the combustible gas and the oxygen in the eruption gas. Meanwhile, the maximum aperture of the first opening 2411 is less than 0.07mm, and the distance between two adjacent first fire barriers 240 is less than 0.07mm, so that flames generated by methane, flames generated by hydrogen and acetylene, and flames generated by a mixture of combustible gas and oxygen can be blocked, and the flames generated by eruptions can be prevented from spreading.

Referring to fig. 4-5, in one embodiment, every two first flame retardant plates 240 are disposed on opposite sides of the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220, and every two first flame retardant plates 240 are disposed on the same plane. Every two first flame retardant plates 240 form a flame retardant member 2421, and every two adjacent flame retardant members 2421 are arranged at intervals. A second opening 2422 is formed between every two first firestop plates 240. A plurality of second openings 2422 and the intervening spaces between the plurality of flame arrestors 2421 form a second flame arrestor channel 242. The second flame trap channel 242 is intended to prevent the spread of the flame produced by the eruption.

Every two of the first firestop plates 240 are oppositely disposed to form one of the second openings 2422. Wherein the first fire barrier plates 440 may be identical or different in structure, and the second opening 4422 may be a plurality of modified structures such as a circle, a square, a star, etc. The two first flame arrestor plates 440 in each of the flame arrestors 4421 may be the same or different. The second plurality of openings 4422 and the second flame retardant passage 442 formed by the plurality of flame retardants 4421 are a curved flame retardant passage. As the spray enters the firestop space 221 from the firestop structure entrance 210 and exits through the second firestop passage 242. At this point, the second flame retardant channel 242 takes advantage of the space within the flame retardant space 221 so that the spray travels a longer route within the flame retardant space 221. When a spray is circulated through second flame barrier passage 242, the distance between adjacent flame arrestors 2421 being less than the critical diameter of the flame produced by the spray may result in increased heat loss from the flame produced by the spray and the flame being blocked so that the flame does not continue and is extinguished. Also, when a flame generated by a hair spray circulates through second flame retardant pathway 242, wall effect termination of the chain reaction upon impact with multiple flame retardants 2421 facilitates heat transfer at the interface (contact site at impact) and increases the destruction rate of reactive species, thereby preventing further ignition.

The eruption gas is methane, hydrogen, acetylene, or a mixture of combustible gas and oxygen.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the second opening 2422 (see b in fig. 5) is less than 0.5mm, and the separation distance between two adjacent flame arresters 2421 (see d in fig. 5) is less than 0.5 mm. At this time, by the arrangement of the maximum aperture of the second opening 2422 and the arrangement of the spacing distance between two adjacent fire-retardant members 2421, more fire-retardant plates can be arranged in the fire-retardant space 221, so that flame can be better stopped, and the safety of the lithium ion battery fire-protection device 100 is improved.

Referring to fig. 6-10, in one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of second fire stop plates 250 disposed at intervals. A plurality of second fire stop plates 250, arranged at intervals, are disposed within the fire stop space 221. And each second flame retardant plate 250 is arranged between two adjacent flame retardant members 2421. The peripheral edge of each of the second flame retardant plates 250 forms a third opening 2431 with the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220. Each of the second openings 2422 is provided at a central axial position of the flame retardant space 221. A plurality of the third openings 2431, a plurality of the second openings 2422, and the intervening space between each second flame retardant plate 250 and each flame retardant member 2421 form a third flame retardant pathway 243. The third flame trap channel 243 serves to prevent the spread of the flame produced by the spray.

The peripheral edge of each of the second flame retardant plates 250 forms a third opening 2431 with the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220. That is, the second flame retardant plate 250 is smaller in size than the cross-section of the box flame retardant housing 220 perpendicular to the central axis. For example, when the second flame retardant plate 250 is circular, and the box flame retardant housing 220 is cylindrical, the diameter of the second flame retardant plate 250 is less than the diameter of the cross-section of the box flame retardant housing 220. Moreover, the peripheral edges of the second flame retardant plate 250 are not connected to the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220, forming an annular third opening 2431. At this point, the second flame retardant plate 250 and the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220 form a third opening 2431.

As the spray enters the firestop space 221 from the firestop structure entrance 210, it is dispersed through the third opening 2431 and creates a myriad of air streams along the third opening 2431. Then, the innumerable air streams converge and flow through the second opening 2422. By analogy, a spray entering through the firestop structure entrance 210 will pass through the plurality of third openings 2431 and the second openings 2422.

The third opening 2431 disperses the hair spray, and disperses the energy and impact of the hair spray, thereby reducing the energy of the hair spray. At the same time, the path of the third firestop passage 243 can be made many times the path of a conventional firestop passage through the third opening 2431 and the second opening 2422. Thus, by increasing the path of the third flame barrier channel 243 and dispersing the energy of the spray, the risk of the spray can be reduced to ensure the reliability and safety of the lithium ion battery during use.

Meanwhile, when the flame generated by the eruption circulates in the third flame retardant channel 243 and the distance between two adjacent second flame retardant plates 250 and the flame retardant part 2421 is smaller than the critical diameter of the flame, the heat loss of the flame generated by the eruption can be increased, and the flame can be blocked, so that the combustion cannot be continued and extinguished. Furthermore, when the flame generated by the hair spray circulates in the third flame retardant channel 243, it will impact the second flame retardant plate 250 and the flame retardant 2421, and the wall effect is utilized to terminate the chain reaction, thereby facilitating the heat transfer at the contact surface (the contact part at the impact) and increasing the destruction rate of the active groups, so that the fire cannot continue to catch fire.

In one embodiment, the third opening 2431 (c in FIG. 7) has a maximum aperture diameter of less than 0.5mm and the distance between adjacent flame stops 2421 and the second flame retardant plate 250 is less than 0.5 mm. Flame from methane, hydrogen, acetylene, and mixtures of combustible gases and oxygen in the blast gas can be blocked by the provision of the maximum aperture of the third opening 2431 and the provision of the separation distance between the adjacent flame arrestors 2421 and the second flame arrestor plate 250. Meanwhile, when the flame passes through the third opening 2431 and the second opening 2422, heat loss may be abruptly increased so that combustion cannot be continued to be extinguished. When flame circulates in the third flame retardant channel 243, the flame retardant members 2421 and the second flame retardant plate 250 are impacted, so that the temperature of the flame can be dissipated through the wall surface, the destruction rate of active groups in the flame is increased, the factor that the flame continuously catches fire is reduced, and the flame cannot continuously catch fire, so that the flame generated by eruption can be prevented from spreading.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the third opening 2431 and the second opening 2422 may be set to be less than 0.4mm, less than 0.1mm, or 0.07mm, so as to block the flame generated by methane, the flame generated by hydrogen and acetylene, or the flame generated by a mixture of combustible gas and oxygen, and prevent the flame generated by the eruption from spreading.

In one embodiment, the distance between adjacent flame stops 2421 and the second flame stop plate 250 can be less than 0.4mm, less than 0.1mm, or 0.07mm to provide a barrier to the spread of a flame from methane, a flame from hydrogen and acetylene, or a flame from a mixture of flammable gases and oxygen.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of support frames 251. Each of the support brackets 251 is attached at one end to the second flame retardant plate 250. The end of each support bracket 251 remote from the second flame retardant plate 250 is attached to the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220 to support the second flame retardant plate 250.

Wherein the support bracket 251 can secure the second flame retardant plates 250 such that the perimeter edge of each second flame retardant plate 250 forms the third opening 2431 with the inner wall of the box flame retardant housing 220. The support frame 251 can be connected by welding or bolting.

Referring to fig. 9-10, in one embodiment, the shape of the portion of the box flame retardant housing 220 where the first flame retardant plate 240 is disposed may be a cylinder shape, a cube shape, or the like, and the specific shape is not limited. The section of the box body fire retardant housing 220 provided with the first fire retardant plate 240 can be rectangular or circular, and the specific shape is not limited.

Referring to fig. 11, in an embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of first ducts 310 and a first air rail 330. The plurality of first ducts 310 are disposed in the first receiving space 110. One of the first pipes 310 is connected to a cell safety valve 321 of one of the battery cells 320. The battery cells 320 are placed in the first receiving space 110. The first air rail 330 is disposed in the first receiving space 110. The first air rail 330 is connected to a plurality of the first pipes 310. The first air rail 330 is connected to the box air outlet 121.

After the cell safety valves 321 of the plurality of battery cells 320 are opened, a spray may be introduced into the first air rail 330 through the plurality of first pipes 310 and into the tank firestop structure 20 via the tank outlet 121 and the tank safety valve 120. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the spray from flowing freely in the first receiving space 110 to cause a danger by the plurality of first pipes 310 and the first air rail 330.

In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of monolithic fire barrier structures 40. Each of the unitary firestop structures 40 has a unitary firestop structure inlet 410 and a unitary firestop structure outlet 420. The single firestop structure outlet 420 of each single firestop structure 40 is connected to the first air rail 330. The single firestop structure inlet 410 of one single firestop structure 40 is connected to one of the first conduits 310.

The unitary firestop structure 40 is structurally identical to the box firestop structure 20. Flame from the spray generated by the battery cells 320 may be blocked by the unitary firestop structure 40. At the same time, flames from eruptions escaping from the monolithic firestop structure 40 may be directed into the tank firestop structure 20 for blockage by a plurality of the first conduits 310 and the first air rail 330. Therefore, the flame generated by the eruption can be blocked in multiple layers by the single fire retardant structure 40 and the box fire retardant structure 20, and the safety of the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 is improved.

Referring to fig. 12-13, in an embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a plurality of battery module housings 50, a plurality of second ducts 710, and a second air rail 720. A plurality of the battery module cases 50 surround to form a second receiving space 510. The plurality of battery module cases 50 are disposed in the first receiving space 110. Each of the battery module cases 50 is provided with a case air outlet 521. Each of the housing air outlets 521 is provided with a housing safety valve 520. A plurality of the first pipes 310 and the first air rail 330 are disposed in the second receiving space 510. The first air rail 330 is connected to the housing air outlet 521. The plurality of second ducts 710 are disposed in the first receiving space 110. One of the second pipes 710 is connected to one of the case safety valves 520 of the battery module case 50. The second air rail 720 is disposed in the first receiving space 110. The second air rail 720 is connected to a plurality of the second pipes 710. The second air rail 720 is connected to the box air outlet 121.

When the battery module case 50 is disposed in the first receiving space 110, the spray passing through the plurality of first ducts 310 and the first air rail 330 may be introduced into the second air rail 720 through the plurality of second ducts 710. Meanwhile, the tank fire barrier 20 is entered via the tank outlet port 121 and the tank safety valve 120. Thus, the first pipes 310, the first air rail 330, the second pipes 710 and the second air rail 720 can prevent the spray from flowing freely in the first receiving space 110 to cause danger.

Referring to fig. 14, in one embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further comprises a plurality of modular fire stopping structures 60. Each of the modular firestop structures 60 has a modular firestop structure inlet 610 and a modular firestop structure outlet 620. The module firestop structure outlet 620 of each of the module firestop structures 60 is connected to the second air rail 720. The modular firestop structure inlet 610 of one of the modular firestop structures 60 is connected to one of the second conduits 710.

Wherein the module firestop structure 60 is structurally identical to the box firestop structure 20. Flames generated by eruptions generated by the battery cells 320 within the battery module housing 50 may be blocked by the module firestop structure 60. At the same time, the first conduit 310 and the first air rail 330 can direct flames from eruptions that leak off the monolithic firestop structure 40 into the modular firestop structure 60. And to direct flame from spilled eruptions of the modular firestop structure 60 through the second conduit 710 and the second air rail 720 into the tank firestop structure 20 for containment. Therefore, the flame generated by the eruption can be blocked in multiple levels by the module fire retardant structure 60, the single fire retardant structure 40 and the box fire retardant structure 20, and the safety of the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 is improved.

Referring to fig. 15, in an embodiment, the lithium ion battery fire protection device 100 further includes a battery pack 80. The battery pack 80 is disposed in the first receiving space 110. When explosion leakage occurs when the battery pack 80 is thermally out of control, the tank safety valve 120 is opened when the inside reaches a certain pressure limit. At this point, spray can enter the tank firestop structure 20. Flame generated by eruptions can be blocked and extinguished through the box fire retardant structure 20, and the safety of the battery pack 80 in the actual use process is ensured.

Referring to fig. 16-18, in one embodiment, lithium ion battery fire safety apparatus 100 further comprises a fibrous fire barrier structure 130. The fiber fire barrier structure 130 is filled in the first receiving space 110, and the fiber fire barrier structure 130 is a flexible flame-retardant fiber structure. And the fibrous fire barrier structure 130 is used for surrounding the plurality of battery cells 320 (see fig. 16 and 17) or the battery pack 80 (see fig. 18) so as to prevent the spread of flame generated by the eruption after the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells 320 or the battery pack 80.

The fibrous firestop structure 130 fills the first receiving space 110 and surrounds the plurality of battery cells 320 or the battery pack 80. Even if the battery cells 320 release hair spray or the battery pack 80 is broken, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a flexible flame-retardant fibrous structure, and can still cover the periphery of a plurality of battery cells 320 or the battery pack 80 or the battery case 10. The fibrous firestop structure 130 isolates the eruption from air and prevents the combustible mixture, sparks, in the eruption from contacting the air. Meanwhile, the fibrous fire barrier structure 130 covers the periphery of a plurality of battery cells 320, so that the adjacent two battery cells 320 can be isolated. Therefore, the influence of thermal runaway of one of the battery cells 320 on the surrounding battery cells 320 is avoided, an isolation effect is achieved, and the condition factors of combustion and fire are reduced. Thereby stopping the flame generated by the eruption and further playing a role in stopping the flame from spreading.

Meanwhile, as the fiber fire barrier structure 130 is a flame-retardant fiber structure, when the battery cell 320 releases a spray or the battery box body 10 is broken, the surrounding air can be prevented from contacting the battery cell 320 after thermal runaway, and the generation of intensified flame or new flame can be prevented. Thus, the safety of lithium ion batteries during actual use can be improved by the fibrous firestop structure 130.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a fibrous tow having a plurality of filaments, with the distance between adjacent filaments being less than 0.5 millimeters.

The fibrous firestop structure 130 may also be considered to be a fibrous composite material having a fiber diameter of less than 0.5 millimeters.

The fiber diameter setting of the fiber composite material can also be different according to different flame transmission critical diameters generated by different gases or steam. The fiber composite material has the fiber diameter less than 0.5mm, and can block flame generated by methane, hydrogen, acetylene and a mixture of combustible gas and oxygen in eruption gas. Meanwhile, when the flame passes through the fiber fire retardant structure 130, the heat loss is suddenly increased due to the fiber diameter of the fiber composite material being less than 0.5mm, and the condition factor that the flame continues to catch fire is reduced, so that the flame cannot continue to go down to be extinguished, and the flame generated by the eruption is prevented from spreading.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a fibrous tow having a plurality of filaments, with the distance between adjacent filaments being less than 0.4 millimeters. Because the critical diameter of the flame produced by methane is between 0.4mm and 0.5mm, the fibrous firestop structure 130 may substantially block the flame produced by methane in the eruption gas.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a fibrous tow having a plurality of filaments, with the distance between adjacent filaments being less than 0.1 millimeters. Since the critical diameter of the flame generated by the hydrogen and acetylene is 0.1mm to 0.2mm, the fibrous fire barrier structure 130 may substantially block the flame generated by the hydrogen and acetylene in the eruption gas.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a fibrous tow having a plurality of filaments, with the distance between adjacent filaments being less than 0.07 mm. The fiber composite may also be considered to have a fiber diameter of less than 0.07 mm. Because the critical diameter of the flame produced by the mixture of combustible gas and oxygen is between 0.07mm and 0.5mm, the fibrous firestop structure 130 can substantially block the flame produced by the mixture of combustible gas and oxygen in the blast gas.

In one embodiment, the fibrous firestop structure 130 is a quartz fiber. Wherein the quartz fiber is a special glass fiber with the SiO2 content of more than 99.95 percent and the filament diameter of 1-15 mu m, and is made of high-purity silicon dioxide and natural quartz crystal. The quartz fiber is a continuous long fiber with the highest strength and the temperature of over 1000 ℃ for a long time, and the short-time use temperature can reach 1300 ℃. The quartz fiber has high temperature resistance, good insulating property and high resistivity, and can block flame generated in eruption so as to play a role in extinguishing fire.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features. The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lithium ion battery fire protection device, comprising:

the battery box body (10) surrounds to form a first accommodating space (110), a plurality of battery monomers (320) or battery packs (80) are placed in the first accommodating space (110), and the battery box body (10) is provided with a box body air outlet (121);

a tank safety valve (120) arranged at the tank air outlet (121);

a tank firestop structure (20) having a tank firestop structure inlet (210), the tank firestop structure inlet (210) being connected to the tank safety valve (120) for preventing the spread of a flame produced by a eruption;

the box firestop structure (20) comprises:

the box body fire retardant structure comprises a box body fire retardant outer shell (220), a fire retardant space (221) is formed by the box body fire retardant outer shell (220) in an enclosing mode, and an inlet (210) of the box body fire retardant structure is arranged at one end, close to the box body safety valve (120), of the box body fire retardant outer shell (220);

first back-fire relief plate (240) that a plurality of intervals set up in the inner wall of box back-fire relief shell (220), and every adjacent two first back-fire relief plate (240) set up respectively in the relative both sides of box back-fire relief shell (220) inner wall, and every first back-fire relief plate (240) with the inner wall of box back-fire relief shell (220) forms an opening.

2. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the first flame retardant plates (240) are sequentially disposed away from the fire retardant structure entrance (210), and any two of the first flame retardant plates (240) in the plurality of first flame retardant plates (240) are not disposed in the same plane;

the side of each first fire retardant plate (240) far away from the fixed end and the inner wall of the box body fire retardant shell (220) form a first opening (2411);

the first plurality of openings (2411) and the intervening spaces between the first plurality of flame retardant panels (240) form a first flame retardant channel (241), the first flame retardant channel (241) being configured to prevent the spread of a flame generated by a hair spray.

3. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 1, wherein every two first fire retardant plates (240) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the inner wall of the box fire retardant housing (220), and every two first fire retardant plates (240) are arranged on the same plane;

every two first fire retardant plates (240) form a fire retardant piece (2421), and every two adjacent fire retardant pieces (2421) are arranged at intervals;

a second opening (2422) is formed between every two first fire stop plates (240);

the second openings (2422) and the spaces between the flame arresters (2421) form a second flame arresting channel (242), the second flame arresting channel (242) being used to arrest the spread of the flame generated by the hair spray.

4. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 3, further comprising:

a plurality of second fire retardant plates (250) arranged at intervals, wherein each second fire retardant plate (250) is arranged between two adjacent fire retardant pieces (2421);

the peripheral edge of each second fire retardant plate (250) and the inner wall of the box fire retardant shell (220) form a third opening (2431);

each second opening (2422) is arranged at the position of the central axis of the fire retardant space (221);

a plurality of the third openings (2431), a plurality of the second openings (2422), and the intervening space between each of the second flame retardant plates (250) and each of the flame retardants (2421) form a third flame retardant pathway (243), the third flame retardant pathway (243) being configured to prevent the spread of flame from a hair spray.

5. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 4, further comprising:

a plurality of support frames (251), one end of each support frame (251) is connected with the second fire retardant plate (250), and one end of each support frame (251) far away from the second fire retardant plate (250) is connected with the inner wall of the box fire retardant shell (220) for supporting the second fire retardant plate (250).

6. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 2, wherein the maximum aperture of the first opening (2411) is less than 0.5mm, and the distance between two adjacent first fire stop plates (240) is less than 0.5 mm.

7. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 3, wherein the maximum aperture of the second opening (2422) is less than 0.5mm, and the spacing distance between two adjacent fire stops (2421) is less than 0.5 mm.

8. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 4, wherein the maximum aperture of the third opening (2431) is less than 0.5mm, and the distance between the adjacent flame arrestor (2421) and the second flame arrestor plate (250) is less than 0.5 mm.

9. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of first pipes (310) disposed in the first receiving space (110), one of the first pipes (310) being connected to a cell safety valve (321) of one of the battery cells (320), the battery cell (320) being placed in the first receiving space (110);

the first air rail (330) is arranged in the first accommodating space (110), the first air rail (330) is connected with the plurality of first pipelines (310), and the first air rail (330) is connected with the box air outlet (121).

10. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 9, further comprising:

a plurality of unitary flame retardant structures (40), each of the unitary flame retardant structures (40) having a unitary flame retardant structure entrance (410) and a unitary flame retardant structure exit (420), the unitary flame retardant structure exit (420) of each of the unitary flame retardant structures (40) being connected to the first gas rail (330);

the single firestop structure inlet (410) of one single firestop structure (40) is connected to one of the first conduits (310).

11. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 10, further comprising:

a plurality of battery module cases (50) surrounding a second receiving space (510), the plurality of battery module cases (50) being disposed in the first receiving space (110), each battery module case (50) being provided with a case outlet (521), each case outlet (521) being provided with a case safety valve (520);

the plurality of first pipelines (310) and the first air rail (330) are arranged in the second accommodating space (510), and the first air rail (330) is connected with the shell air outlet (521);

a plurality of second ducts (710) provided in the first receiving space (110), one of the second ducts (710) being connected to the case safety valve (520) of one of the battery module cases (50);

and a second air rail (720) disposed in the first receiving space (110), wherein the second air rail (720) is connected to the plurality of second pipes (710), and the second air rail (720) is connected to the box air outlet (121).

12. The lithium ion battery fire protection device of claim 11, further comprising:

a plurality of modular firestop structures (60), each said modular firestop structure (60) having a modular firestop structure entrance (610) and a modular firestop structure exit (620), said modular firestop structure exit (620) of each said modular firestop structure (60) being connected to said second air rail (720);

the modular firestop structure inlet (610) of one of the modular firestop structures (60) is connected to one of the second conduits (710).