CN210868761U - Soil-potato separating device for potato harvester - Google Patents

Soil-potato separating device for potato harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN210868761U
CN210868761U CN201921240828.9U CN201921240828U CN210868761U CN 210868761 U CN210868761 U CN 210868761U CN 201921240828 U CN201921240828 U CN 201921240828U CN 210868761 U CN210868761 U CN 210868761U
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China
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stage
potato
soil
separating
wheel
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201921240828.9U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李涛
张华�
姜伟
朱正波
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Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences
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Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences
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Abstract

The utility model provides a potato separator for potato harvester which has convenient adjustment, low peel breaking rate, low potato damage rate and high intelligent level. The machine comprises a mechanical unit and a control unit, wherein the mechanical unit comprises a driving structure arranged on a rack, a first-stage tensioning mechanism, a first-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, a second-stage tensioning mechanism and a second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device; the control unit comprises a signal acquisition module, an electromagnetic valve, a controller and a monitoring terminal.

Description

Soil-potato separating device for potato harvester
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a soil potato separator for potato class harvester installs and is used for realizing soil potato separation operation on corresponding potato class harvester, belongs to the agricultural machine field.
Background
China is a big country for potato crop production, but the mechanized production level of potato crops is much behind compared with developed countries, especially the labor intensity is high, and the potato industry is severely restricted by the need of multiple manual harvesting operations. The soil-potato separation device is a core component of a potato harvester, and not only needs to transport a large amount of harvested materials, but also needs to ensure the efficient separation of impurities such as soil, seedling vines, broken stones and the like. The soil and potato separating and conveying device of the potato harvester mainly comprises a grid rod type, a worm rod type, a ratchet wheel type and the like, and most of the soil and potato separating and conveying devices of the domestic potato harvester adopt the grid rod type and can be divided into a first-stage grid rod type and a second-stage grid rod type according to the structure. Wherein, the first-stage grid rod type separating device is suitable for small and medium-sized potato harvesting machinery, has a common soil and potato separating effect, and does not damage potatoes. The two-stage grid rod type conveying and separating device is mainly used for large-scale multi-ridge potato harvesting machinery, can effectively solve the problems of high impurity rate, hilling and the like, and has serious potato damage phenomena such as peeling, extrusion and the like.
In recent years, a certain amount of research on the potato separating device of the potato harvester is carried out in China. Aiming at the problems of poor operation smoothness, high sweet potato injury rate, lack of design basis and the like of the elevator of the crop segmentation harvester, a bar type elevator is designed by Wang Gong, the structure and parameters of the elevator, such as type selection, bar linear speed and the like are designed, field tests are carried out, and the test results meet the technical standards. The technical scheme is that the technical scheme includes that a power-measuring device and the like are used for solving the problem that the existing potato secondary conveying and separating device has serious potato damage phenomena such as peeling, extrusion and the like, theoretical analysis is carried out on a potato conveying and separating operation mechanism, operation parameters mainly influencing the potato damage performance are determined, and the primary and secondary sequences influencing the potato damage rate in the significant factors are judged: the interaction of the inclination angle and the rotating speed, the inclination angle and the vertical distance, and the obtained test data and conclusion analysis can provide references for the structural improvement and parameter optimization of the secondary potato conveying and separating device. The Weizhouchai and the like improve a potato harvester by arranging a vibration separation section and a wave separation section and based on vibration and wave secondary separation aiming at the problems of high peel breaking rate, high potato damaging rate and the like in the current mechanical potato harvesting link, and provide technical references for research and development optimization of the potato harvester and comprehensive control of potato-soil separation efficiency and harvesting quality by analyzing motion characteristics of a separation sieve and potato blocks under the vibration and wave secondary separation condition.
The soil-potato separation devices are subjected to field tests, main parameters influencing the skin breaking rate and the potato damage rate of harvesting operation are analyzed, but the operation parameters are difficult to adjust, and the linear speed of the soil-potato separation device cannot be changed unless a transmission chain wheel is replaced because the power of the soil-potato separation device is from a power output shaft of a tractor, and the rotating speed of the power output shaft is unchanged under the full-load working condition of the tractor; meanwhile, the intelligent level is low, and a hydraulic technology, a sensor signal acquisition technology, a microprocessor control technology and the like are not mixed into the potato harvesting operation practice.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the not enough of current potato class harvester soil potato separator, the utility model provides an adjustment is convenient, the broken skin rate is low, the injured potato rate is low and intelligent high-level potato class harvester soil potato separator.
The utility model discloses a realize above-mentioned purpose, realize through following technical scheme:
a soil-potato separating device for a potato harvester comprises a mechanical unit and a control unit,
the mechanical unit comprises a driving structure, a first-stage tensioning mechanism, a first-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, a second-stage tensioning mechanism and a second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device which are arranged on the rack, the output end of the driving structure is connected with the second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, the output end of the second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is connected with the first-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, the first-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is provided with the first-stage tensioning mechanism, the second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is provided with the second-stage tensioning mechanism, and the second-stage soil and potato;
the control unit comprises a signal acquisition module, an electromagnetic valve, a controller and a monitoring terminal, wherein the signal acquisition module comprises a flow sensor and a rotating speed sensor, the flow sensor is installed on the rack and used for measuring the real-time online yield of potatoes, the rotating speed sensor is used for measuring the rotating speeds of the first stage of potato separating and conveying device and the second stage of potato separating and conveying device, the signal acquisition module acquires measurement data and uploads the data to the controller, and the controller controls the driving structure to act.
The soil-potato separating device for the potato harvester has the preferred scheme that the first-stage soil-potato separating and conveying device comprises a first-stage driving roller, a first-stage separating sieve, a first-stage middle support and a first-stage lifting chain wheel; two ends of the first-stage driving roller are arranged on the rack, and the first-stage middle support is arranged in the middle of the separating screen and arranged on the rack; a first-stage lifting chain wheel is arranged on the first-stage driving roller and meshed with the separating screen bar; the first-stage driving roller is connected with the output end of the second-stage potato and soil separating and conveying device through the transmission unit I.
The potato class is soil potato separator preferred scheme for harvester, second grade soil potato separation conveyor includes second grade separation sieve, second level drive roller and second grade lift sprocket, the second level drive roller both ends are installed in the frame, shake driving wheel mechanism support at second grade separation sieve middle part and install in the frame, install second grade lift sprocket on the second level drive roller, first level lift sprocket and the meshing of second grade separation sieve pole, the second level drive roller is connected with shake driving wheel mechanism through drive unit II.
According to the preferable scheme of the potato separating device for the potato harvester, chain wheels IV sleeved at two ends of a first-stage driving roller, chain wheels I sleeved at two ends of a second-stage driving roller, a first chain wheel group formed by the chain wheels I on the second-stage driving roller and the chain wheels IV on the same side of the first-stage driving roller, a first chain sleeved on the first chain wheel group, a transmission unit I formed by the first chain and the first chain wheel group, chain wheels II sleeved at two ends of the second-stage driving roller, wheels III sleeved at two ends of a shaking wheel mechanism, a second chain wheel group formed by the chain wheels II on the second-stage driving roller and the chain wheels III on the same side of the shaking wheel mechanism, a second chain sleeved on the second chain wheel group, a transmission unit II formed by the second chain and the second chain wheel group, the first chain and the second chain after connection are arranged in an inclined mode.
According to the preferable scheme of the soil-potato separating device for the potato harvester, the driving structure is a hydraulic motor, and the output end of the hydraulic motor is connected with one end of the second-stage driving roller.
According to the preferable scheme of the soil-potato separating device for the potato harvester, the second-stage lifting chain wheel is a rubber wheel with teeth and is used for transmitting power provided by a hydraulic motor.
The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester has the advantages that the first-stage tensioning mechanism comprises a first-stage small riding wheel, a first-stage large riding wheel and a first-stage guide wheel, and the first-stage small riding wheel, the first-stage large riding wheel and the first-stage guide wheel are uniformly distributed around the first-stage separation sieve and are arranged on the side edges of two sides of the rack.
According to the preferable scheme of the soil-potato separating device for the potato harvester, the second-stage tensioning mechanism comprises a second-stage small riding wheel, a second-stage large riding wheel and a second-stage guide wheel, and the second-stage small riding wheel, the second-stage large riding wheel and the second-stage guide wheel are uniformly distributed around the second-stage separating screen and are arranged on the side edges of two sides of the frame.
According to the preferable scheme of the soil-potato separating device for the potato harvester, a mud scraper is arranged on a guide wheel at one end, far away from the driving structure, of the first-stage soil-potato separating mechanism.
The utility model has the advantages that: the two-stage separation device can better realize the further separation of the potatoes, the control system can monitor the online flow and the separation linear speed of the soil-potato separation device in real time, the automatic adjustment of the linear speed of the separation mechanism is realized through a fuzzy PID self-adjusting algorithm, the damage to potato blocks is reduced, and meanwhile, the hilling is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the first stage screen, the second stage screen, the first chain, and the second chain removed;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 2 in another orientation;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a control unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the automatic cleaning machine comprises a machine frame, a first-stage middle support, a first-stage chain, a second-stage vibrating wheel, a first-stage guide wheel, a second-stage driving wheel, a second-stage vibrating wheel, a second-stage lifting chain wheel, a second-stage guide wheel, a second-stage vibrating wheel, a first-stage guide wheel, a second-stage driving wheel, a first-stage driving roller, a second-stage driving roller, a first chain wheel I, a second chain wheel II, a rotating speed sensor, a second chain wheel III, a second-stage chain wheel IV, a frame, a first-stage middle support, a second-stage vibrating wheel structure, a flow sensor, a second-stage driving roller, a chain wheel I, a chain wheel II, a rotating speed sensor 11, a rotating speed sensor 12, a rotating speed sensor 13.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
A soil-potato separator for potato harvester, includes mechanical unit and control unit, wherein:
referring to fig. 1, the mechanical unit comprises a driving structure, a first stage tensioning mechanism, a first stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, a second stage tensioning mechanism and a second stage soil and potato separating and conveying device which are arranged on a rack, wherein the output end of the driving structure is connected with the second stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, the output end of the second stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is connected with the first stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, the first stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is provided with the first stage tensioning mechanism, the second stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is provided with the second stage tensioning mechanism, and the second stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is provided with a shaking;
referring to fig. 5, the control unit includes a signal acquisition module, an electromagnetic valve, a controller and a monitoring terminal, the signal acquisition module includes a flow sensor installed on the frame for measuring the real-time online yield of potatoes and a rotation speed sensor for measuring the rotation speeds of the first stage soil and potato separating and conveying device and the second stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, the signal acquisition module acquires measurement data and uploads the data to the controller, and the controller controls the driving structure to act.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the first stage soil and potato separating and conveying device comprises a first stage driving roller 4, a first stage separating screen 5, a chain wheel IV 14, a first stage middle support 16 and a first stage lifting chain wheel 24; two ends of the first-stage driving roller 4 are supported and mounted on the side plates on two sides of the rack through bearings, and the first-stage middle support 16 is supported in the middle of the separating screen and mounted on the side plates on two sides of the rack and plays a role in increasing the strength of the rack 15; the first-stage driving roller 4 is provided with a first-stage lifting chain wheel 24, and the first-stage lifting chain wheel 24 is meshed with the separating screen rod; two ends of the first-stage driving roller 4 are respectively sleeved with a chain wheel IV 14.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the second stage soil and potato separating and conveying device comprises a second stage separating sieve, a second stage driving roller, a chain wheel I, a chain wheel ii, a chain wheel iii and a second stage lifting chain wheel, wherein two ends of the second stage driving roller 9 are supported and installed on side plates at two sides of a frame 15 through bearings, a shaking wheel mechanism 7 is supported in the middle of the second stage separating sieve 6 and installed on the side plates at two sides of the frame, two ends of the shaking wheel mechanism are respectively sleeved with the chain wheel iii 13, the second stage driving roller 9 is provided with a second stage lifting chain wheel 25, the first stage lifting chain wheel 24 is meshed with a rod of the second stage separating sieve, two ends of the second stage driving roller 9 are respectively sleeved with the chain wheel I10 and the chain wheel ii 11, the chain wheel I10 on the second stage driving roller and the chain wheel iv 14 on the same side of the first stage driving roller 4 form a first chain wheel group, the first chain wheel group is sleeved with, the chain wheel II 11 on the second-stage driving roller and the chain wheel III 13 on the same side of the shaking wheel mechanism 7 form a second chain wheel set, a second chain 18 is sleeved on the second chain wheel set, the second chain 18 and the second chain wheel set form a transmission unit II, the first chain 17 and the second chain 18 after connection are obliquely arranged, and the inclination angle of the second chain 18 is larger than that of the first chain 17. The bolts ii 22 are used for tensioning the screen and the second stage elevator sprocket 25 is a toothed rubber wheel for transmitting power from the hydraulic motor 19.
In the embodiment, bolts I20 are arranged on two sides of the frame 15 and are in contact with the first-stage driving roller 4, and the tightness of the first-stage separating screen 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the bolts I20; bolts II 22 are arranged on two sides of the frame 15 and are in contact with the shaking wheel mechanism, and the length of each bolt II 22 is adjusted to be used for the tightness of the second-stage separating screen 6.
In this embodiment, shake wheel mechanism 7 is the active type, can adjust the shake wheel rotational speed according to the soil condition of difference, change the lifting chain frequency of shaking, improve soil and potato separation effect and reduce the breakage rate of crop, the elasticity degree of amplitude and lifting chain can be adjusted by handle 21 fixed on frame 15, amplitude adjustment range 10 ~ 40 mm, vibration amplitude direct impact soil and potato separation effect and the damage degree of potato piece, the amplitude is big more, the separation effect is better, but the breakage rate of potato piece increases thereupon, handle 21 can adjust second level separating screen 6 transport angle simultaneously according to the operation condition.
In this embodiment, first order straining device includes that one-level little riding wheel 1, the big riding wheel 2 of one-level and one-level leading wheel 3, evenly distributed just installs on the side of frame both sides around first order separation sieve 5, and second order straining device includes that the little riding wheel 29 of second grade, the big riding wheel 28 of second grade and second grade leading wheel 27, evenly distributed just installs on the side of frame both sides around the second order separation sieve.
In this embodiment, the second stage lifting sprocket 25 is a toothed rubber wheel for transmitting power provided by the hydraulic motor 19.
In this embodiment, the guide wheel of the first stage soil-potato separating mechanism far away from one end of the driving structure is provided with the mud scraping plate 23, so that the separation sieve is prevented from being blocked and stuck.
Utilize the utility model discloses the working process as follows: the utility model discloses a first order soil potato separation conveyor and second level soil potato separation conveyor, power transmits second level drive roller 9 through hydraulic motor 19, second level drive roller 9 respectively with power transfer for first order drive roller 4 and shake driving wheel mechanism 7, the operation of removing soil is done to potato class crop atress effect on first order soil potato separation conveyor, owing to shake driving wheel mechanism 7's effect on second level soil potato separation conveyor, soil upturned soil is by further loose, broken, accomplish soil potato separation process. The control unit can monitor the flow and the separation linear velocity of the soil-potato separation device in real time, and the controller enables the controller to realize automatic adjustment of the linear velocity of the separation mechanism through a fuzzy PID self-adjusting algorithm, so that damage to potato blocks is reduced, and meanwhile, hilling is avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a soil potato separator for potato class harvester which characterized in that: the soil and potato separating and conveying device comprises a driving structure arranged on a rack, a first-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device and a second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, wherein the output end of the driving structure is connected with the second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, the output end of the second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is connected with the first-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device, the first-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is provided with a first-stage tensioning mechanism, the second-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device is provided with a second-stage tensioning mechanism, and the second-stage soil.
2. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester of claim 1, wherein: the first-stage soil and potato separating and conveying device comprises a first-stage driving roller (4), a first-stage separating sieve (5), a first-stage middle support (16) and a first-stage lifting chain wheel (24); two ends of the first-stage driving roller (4) are arranged on the frame (15), and the first-stage middle support (16) is supported in the middle of the separating screen and arranged on the frame (15); a first-stage lifting chain wheel (24) is arranged on the first-stage driving roller (4), and the first-stage lifting chain wheel (24) is meshed with the separating screen rod; the first-stage driving roller (4) is connected with the output end of the second-stage potato and soil separating and conveying device through the transmission unit I.
3. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester of claim 2, wherein: second grade soil potato separation conveyor includes the second grade separation sieve, second grade drive roller and second grade lift sprocket, second grade drive roller (9) both ends are installed in frame (15), shake wheel mechanism (7) support at second grade separation sieve (6) middle part and install in the frame, install second grade lift sprocket (25) on second grade drive roller (9), first grade lift sprocket (24) and the meshing of second grade separation sieve pole, second grade drive roller (9) are connected with shake wheel mechanism (7) through transmission unit II.
4. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester of claim 3, wherein: chain wheels IV (14) sleeved at two ends of the first-stage driving roller (4), chain wheels I (10) sleeved at two ends of the second-stage driving roller (9), a first chain wheel group formed by the chain wheels I (10) on the second-stage driving roller and the chain wheels IV (14) on the same side of the first-stage driving roller (4), a first chain (17) sleeved on the first chain wheel group, a transmission unit I formed by the first chain and the first chain wheel group, chain wheels II (11) sleeved at two ends of the second-stage driving roller (9), chain wheels III (13) sleeved at two ends of the shaking wheel mechanism (7), a second chain wheel group formed by the chain wheels II (11) on the second-stage driving roller and the chain wheels III (13) on the same side of the shaking wheel mechanism (7), a second chain wheel group sleeved on the second chain wheel group, a second chain (18) formed by the second chain (18) and the second chain wheel group, wherein the first chain (17) and the second, and the inclination angle of the second chain (18) is larger than that of the first chain (17).
5. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester of claim 3, wherein: the driving structure is a hydraulic motor (19), and the output end of the hydraulic motor (19) is connected with one end of the second-stage driving roller (9).
6. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester of claim 3, wherein: the second stage lifting chain wheel (25) is a rubber wheel with teeth and is used for transmitting power provided by a hydraulic motor.
7. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester of claim 1, wherein: the first-stage tensioning mechanism comprises a first-stage small riding wheel (1), a first-stage large riding wheel (2) and a first-stage guide wheel (3), and the first-stage small riding wheel, the first-stage large riding wheel and the first-stage guide wheel are uniformly distributed around the first-stage separating screen (5) and are arranged on the side edges of two sides of the rack.
8. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester of claim 1, wherein: the second-stage tensioning mechanism comprises a second-stage small riding wheel (29), a second-stage large riding wheel (28) and a second-stage guide wheel (27), and the second-stage small riding wheel, the second-stage large riding wheel and the second-stage guide wheel are uniformly distributed around the second-stage separating screen and are arranged on the side edges of the two sides of the rack.
9. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: a mud scraper (23) is arranged on the guide wheel at one end of the first stage of the potato and soil separating mechanism, which is far away from the driving structure.
10. The soil-potato separation device for the potato harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the control unit comprises a signal acquisition module, an electromagnetic valve, a controller and a monitoring terminal, wherein the signal acquisition module comprises a flow sensor and a rotating speed sensor, the flow sensor is installed on the rack and used for measuring the real-time online yield of potatoes, the rotating speed sensor is used for measuring the rotating speeds of the first stage of potato separating and conveying device and the second stage of potato separating and conveying device, the signal acquisition module acquires measurement data and uploads the data to the controller, and the controller controls the driving structure to act.
CN201921240828.9U 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Soil-potato separating device for potato harvester Expired - Fee Related CN210868761U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110463434A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-11-19 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Picker for tuber crops two-stage soil potato separator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110463434A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-11-19 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Picker for tuber crops two-stage soil potato separator

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