CN210765148U

CN210765148U - Biochar preparation device

Info

Publication number: CN210765148U
Application number: CN201921885317.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙世友; 王凌; 刘蕾; 茹淑华; 侯利敏; 刘孟朝; 张国印; 王丽英
Original assignee: INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES
Current assignee: INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES
Priority date: 2019-11-04
Filing date: 2019-11-04
Publication date: 2020-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2029-11-04

Abstract

The utility model discloses a charcoal preparation facilities, this charcoal preparation facilities utensil carry out the refrigerated cooling body that cools down to the charcoal of preparation, and cooling body includes the two-stage cooling at least. After carbonization, firstly arranging an oil cooling chamber around the discharge port, and rapidly cooling to below 200 ℃ by using cooling oil in the flowing process of discharge; and then the water-cooling packing auger is used for circulating water cooling, so that on one hand, the conveying time and the conveying stroke of the biochar through the water-cooling packing auger are longer, and the water-cooling time is prolonged, and on the other hand, the biochar is continuously stirred in the water-cooling packing auger through an auger shaft, so that the biochar can be fully and uniformly contacted with the water-cooling interlayer. Can effectually guarantee through the two-stage cooling that the biochar ejection of compact back can not reburn with the air, effectively guarantee the quality of biochar, and utilize this biochar preparation facilities can carry out system charcoal production in succession, improved production efficiency.

Description

Biochar preparation device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a biological charcoal technical field especially relates to a biological charcoal preparation facilities.

Background

The biochar is a highly aromatic indissolvable solid product produced by high-temperature thermal cracking of biomass in an anaerobic or anoxic environment. The biomass charcoal applied in the soil can reduce the volume weight of the soil, improve the pH value of the soil and improve the soil aggregation and the water holding capacity of the soil. In addition, due to the special pore structure, the larger specific surface area and the chemical functional groups of the biochar, the biochar can adsorb and fix fertilizer nutrients, delay the release of the fertilizer in soil and reduce the leaching loss of the nutrients. In addition, the biochar can also be used as a natural nitrogen fertilizer slow release agent to play a great role in agricultural production. Therefore, the biochar plays an important role in agricultural development.

In the prior art, when the biochar is prepared, a carbonization furnace is mostly used for carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking granulation on materials and then directly discharging the materials, and because the temperature of a carbonization area is 400-600 ℃, the prepared biochar has higher temperature, and the biochar is likely to be re-combusted due to the fact that the biochar is directly discharged and contacts with air, the biochar is damaged, the yield is reduced, and the fertilizer efficiency in the later period is influenced. At present, the known cooling of the biochar adopts natural cooling, the biochar needs more than 20 hours from 400-600 ℃ to room temperature, and even needs several days in summer, because the biochar needs to be heated to more than 500 ℃ to generate dry distillation gas during dry distillation, and the prepared biochar is oxidized and heated during the cooling process, so the temperature is difficult to reduce, some manufacturers stop producing for a certain time after the carbonization is finished in order to avoid re-burning after discharging, and discharge the biochar after the temperature reduction, and the operation ensures that the production cannot be continuous, thereby reducing the production efficiency.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a can force the cooling to the biochar of preparation is provided, avoid the ejection of compact back to reburn with the air contact, realize a biochar preparation facilities of continuous production.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who takes is:

a biochar preparation device comprises a carbonization furnace, wherein the bottom of the carbonization furnace is provided with a support, and the top and the bottom of the carbonization furnace are respectively provided with a first feed inlet and a first discharge outlet; the lower part of the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is provided with an ignition mechanism for smoldering the materials; the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is provided with a discharging mechanism which is used for pushing the materials to be conveyed downwards and crushing the materials into granules; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a cooling mechanism for cooling the prepared biochar, wherein the cooling mechanism comprises an oil cooling chamber and a water-cooling packing auger; the oil cooling chamber is fixed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace, an oil inlet and an oil outlet are formed in the side wall of the oil cooling chamber, and the first discharge port penetrates through the oil cooling chamber; the slope of water-cooling auger upwards sets up, has the second feed inlet that makes progress and be connected with first discharge gate on the lateral wall of its lower extreme, has decurrent second discharge gate on the lateral wall of its upper end, and its inside auger axle that is used for driving the material and carries to the second discharge gate that has, the casing of water-cooling auger is bilayer structure, forms the water-cooling intermediate layer between inside and outside shell body, the interbedded upper end of water-cooling has the water inlet, and the lower extreme has the delivery port, water inlet and delivery port form the hoop with water cooling plant and are connected for water cooling plant can be to water-cooling intermediate layer circulation supply cooling water.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the water-cooling interlayer is axially divided into an upper interlayer and a lower interlayer by a partition plate, and the upper end and the lower end of each interlayer are equally provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.

The further technical scheme is as follows: the carbonization furnace is formed by building refractory bricks, and the outer layer of the refractory bricks is provided with a heat-insulating layer.

The further technical scheme is as follows: ignition mechanism includes that the hoop equipartition is fixed in a plurality of some firearms on retort lower part inner wall, locates temperature sensor, the peripheral hardware controller in the retort lower part and sets up the scavenge port on retort lower part lateral wall, the scavenge port is connected with and is used for the scavenging pump of air feed or outside air exhaust in to the retort, the signal input part of controller connects temperature sensor, and the scavenging pump is connected to the control output.

The further technical scheme is as follows: and the ventilation port is provided with an electronic flow valve capable of adjusting the size of the opening, and the control output end of the controller is also connected with the electronic flow valve.

The further technical scheme is as follows: and a flowmeter is also arranged on the air exchange port.

The further technical scheme is as follows: discharge mechanism includes ejection of compact motor and (mixing) shaft, the vertical center of locating the retort of (mixing) shaft to with the help of bearing and retort rotatable coupling, be fixed with helical blade on the (mixing) shaft, the lower extreme of (mixing) shaft runs through oil cold chamber and is fixed with the output shaft of ejection of compact motor with the help of the shaft coupling.

Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:

this biological charcoal preparation facilities utensil carries out the cooling mechanism of cooling down to the biological charcoal of preparation, and cooling mechanism includes the two-stage cooling at least. After carbonization, firstly arranging an oil cooling chamber around the discharge port, and rapidly cooling to below 200 ℃ by using cooling oil in the flowing process of discharge; and then the water-cooling packing auger is used for circulating water cooling, so that on one hand, the conveying time and the conveying stroke of the biochar through the water-cooling packing auger are longer, and the water-cooling time is prolonged, and on the other hand, the biochar is continuously stirred in the water-cooling packing auger through an auger shaft, so that the biochar can be fully and uniformly contacted with the water-cooling interlayer. Can effectually guarantee through the two-stage cooling that the biochar ejection of compact back can not reburn with the air, effectively guarantee the quality of biochar, and utilize this biochar preparation facilities can carry out system charcoal production in succession, improved production efficiency.

In addition, in this charcoal preparation facilities, the water-cooling auger has still played the effect of promoting and carrying the material, can place the collection device who is used for collecting the charcoal in second discharge gate department, compares in by the direct ejection of compact of lower first discharge gate, has saved the operation of transporting the charcoal, saves the manual work.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by the skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from the specific details set forth herein, and one skilled in the art may similarly generalize the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

As shown in fig. 1, a biochar preparation device is used for thermally cracking biomass at high temperature in an anaerobic or anoxic environment to obtain biochar particles. The device comprises a carbonization furnace 101, wherein a support is arranged at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 101, and a first feeding hole 102 and a first discharging hole 103 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the carbonization furnace 101. The lower part of the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace 101 is provided with an ignition mechanism for smoldering the materials, and the ignition mechanism provides required heat for preparing the biochar but does not generate open fire, so that the biomass is in a smoldering state. The inner cavity of the carbonization furnace 101 is provided with a discharging mechanism for pushing materials to be conveyed downwards and stirring the materials into particles. The interior of the hearth of the carbonization furnace 101 can be divided into a drying zone, a preheating zone and a carbonization zone from top to bottom due to different temperatures, and the ignition mechanism is arranged in the carbonization zone. In the process of producing charcoal, new biomass is continuously added into the carbonization furnace 101 along with the discharge of the biochar. The biomass enters the furnace through the first feeding hole 102, continuously moves downwards along with the pushing of the discharging mechanism, sequentially passes through the drying zone and the preheating zone, finally reaches the carbonization zone with the highest temperature for carbonization, and is made into biochar particles along with the crushing and high-temperature cracking of the discharging mechanism, and is discharged from the first discharging hole 103.

In order to prevent the discharged biochar from reburning after contacting with air, the device further comprises a cooling mechanism for cooling the prepared biochar, and the cooling mechanism comprises an oil cooling chamber 201 and a water cooling auger 202. The oil cooling chamber 201 is fixed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 101, an oil inlet and an oil outlet are formed in the side wall of the oil cooling chamber, and the first discharge port 103 penetrates through the oil cooling chamber 201. The slope of water-cooling auger 202 upwards sets up, has the second feed inlet 203 that upwards and be connected with first discharge gate 103 on the lateral wall of its lower extreme, has decurrent second discharge gate 204 on the lateral wall of its upper end, and its inside auger axle that is used for driving the material to carry to second discharge gate 204 that has, the casing of water-cooling auger 202 is bilayer structure, forms water-cooling intermediate layer 205 between inside and outside shell body, water-cooling intermediate layer 205's upper end has water inlet 206, and the lower extreme has delivery port 207, water inlet 206 and delivery port 207 form the hoop with water cooling plant and are connected for water cooling plant can supply the cooling water to water-cooling intermediate layer 205 circulation. In the device, the water cooling device can adopt a cooling tower, the auger belongs to the existing equipment and is used for conveying materials, a helical blade is arranged on an auger shaft, two ends of the helical blade are rotatably connected with the inner wall of the shell through bearings, one end of the helical blade is connected with a motor for driving the helical blade to rotate, and the motor is fixed with the shell through a motor frame.

This biological charcoal preparation facilities utensil carries out the cooling mechanism of cooling down to the biological charcoal of preparation, and cooling mechanism includes the two-stage cooling at least. After carbonization, an oil cooling chamber 201 is arranged around the discharge port, and cooling oil is used for rapidly cooling to below 200 ℃ in the flowing process of discharge. Then the biochar enters the second feeding hole 203 from the first discharging hole 103, and the water-cooling auger 202 is used for circularly cooling the biochar by water, so that on one hand, the time and the stroke of the biochar conveyed by the water-cooling auger 202 are longer, and the water-cooling time is prolonged, and on the other hand, the biochar is continuously stirred in the water-cooling auger 202 through an auger shaft, so that the biochar can be fully and uniformly contacted with the water-cooling interlayer 205. Can effectually guarantee through the two-stage cooling that the biochar ejection of compact back can not reburn with the air, effectively guarantee the quality of biochar, and utilize this biochar preparation facilities can carry out system charcoal production in succession, improved production efficiency. In the process, the water in the water-cooling interlayer 205 is in a continuous circulation state, the cooling water after absorbing heat is discharged from the water outlet 207 and enters the cooling tower, and the cooling water cooled by the cooling tower enters the water-cooling interlayer 205 from the water inlet 206 to complete the circulation cooling.

In addition, in this charcoal preparation facilities, water-cooling auger 202 has still played the effect of promoting and carrying the material, can place the collection device who is used for collecting the charcoal in second discharge gate 204 department, compares in directly discharging by lower first discharge gate 103, has saved the operation of transporting the charcoal, saves the manual work.

In order to further improve the water cooling effect, the water cooling interlayer 205 is axially divided into an upper interlayer and a lower interlayer by a partition plate, and the upper end and the lower end of each interlayer are equally provided with a water inlet 206 and a water outlet 207 so as to ensure the water cooling temperature and improve the cooling effect on the biochar.

The carbonization furnace 101 is constructed by laying refractory bricks 104 and can withstand high temperatures, and an insulating layer 105 is provided on the outer layer of the refractory bricks 104 to protect the temperature inside the furnace from the external environment.

Ignition mechanism includes that the hoop equipartition is fixed in a plurality of igniters 301 on retort 101 lower part inner wall, locate the temperature sensor in retort 101 lower part, the controller of peripheral hardware and set up the scavenge port 302 on retort 101 lower part lateral wall, the scavenge port 302 is connected with the scavenging pump 303 that is used for to retort 101 internal gas feed or outwards bleed, can form endless air flue between scavenge port 302 and the first feed inlet 102, temperature sensor is connected to the signal input part of controller, and the scavenging pump 303 is connected to the control output. Through the regulation and control of the air exchange pump 303, the materials can be ensured not to be burnt by open fire under the condition of ensuring the aerobic entering of the carbonization area. Specifically, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the carbonization zone is too high, the controller reduces the rotating speed of the scavenging pump 303 to reduce the scavenging amount and enable the carbonization zone to be in a smoldering state all the time in order to avoid open flame combustion of the material. On the contrary, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the carbonization zone is too low, the controller controls the rotating speed of the scavenging pump 303 to be increased and the scavenging amount to increase in order to ensure that the carbonization zone can be smoldered and carbonized. Through the regulation to the ventilation volume, can effectively guarantee going on smoothly to biomass carbonization.

Further, in order to improve the accuracy of ventilation regulation, an electronic flow valve 304 capable of adjusting the size of the opening is arranged on the ventilation port 302, the control output end of the controller is further connected with the electronic flow valve 304, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the carbonization area is too high, the controller can regulate the opening of the electronic flow valve 304 to be small, otherwise, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the carbonization area is too low, the controller can regulate the opening of the electronic flow valve 304 to be large, and the ventilation amount can be accurately regulated through the coordinated control of the electronic flow valve 304 and the ventilation pump 303.

In addition, in order to facilitate experimental research and provide more effective reference values for the preparation of the biochar, a flow meter 305 is further arranged on the ventilation port 302, so that the effective relation between the intake air volume and the temperature is obtained.

Regarding the discharging mechanism, including discharging motor 401 and (mixing) shaft 402, stirring shaft 402 is vertical to be located retort 101's center to with the help of high temperature resistant bearing and retort 101 rotatable coupling, be fixed with helical blade on the stirring shaft 402, the lower extreme of stirring shaft 402 runs through oil cooling chamber 201 and is fixed with the output shaft of discharging motor 401 with the help of the shaft coupling. Through ejection of compact motor 401 drive (mixing) shaft 402 rotatory, utilize rotatory helical blade, can realize the propulsion downwards to the material on the one hand, on the other hand can carry out the breakage to the material and form the particulate matter. The working principle of the screw conveyer is the same as that of a packing auger.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any person can make some simple modifications, deformations and equivalent replacements according to the present invention, all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biochar preparation device comprises a carbonization furnace (101), wherein the bottom of the carbonization furnace (101) is provided with a support, and the top and the bottom of the carbonization furnace (101) are respectively provided with a first feeding hole (102) and a first discharging hole (103); the lower part of the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace (101) is provided with an ignition mechanism for smoldering the materials; the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace (101) is provided with a discharging mechanism which is used for pushing materials to be conveyed downwards and crushing the materials into particles; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a cooling mechanism for cooling the prepared biochar, wherein the cooling mechanism comprises an oil cooling chamber (201) and a water-cooling packing auger (202); the oil cooling chamber (201) is fixed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace (101), an oil inlet and an oil outlet are formed in the side wall of the oil cooling chamber, and the first discharge hole (103) penetrates through the oil cooling chamber (201); the slope of water-cooling auger (202) upwards sets up, has second feed inlet (203) upwards and be connected with first discharge gate (103) on the lateral wall of its lower extreme, has decurrent second discharge gate (204) on the lateral wall of its upper end, and its inside auger shaft that is used for driving the material to carry to second discharge gate (204) has, the casing of water-cooling auger (202) is bilayer structure, forms water-cooling intermediate layer (205) in inside, between the shell body, the upper end of water-cooling intermediate layer (205) has water inlet (206), and the lower extreme has delivery port (207), water inlet (206) and delivery port (207) form the hoop with water cooling plant and are connected for water cooling plant can be to water-cooling intermediate layer (205) circulation feed cooling water.

2. The biochar preparation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water-cooling interlayer (205) is axially divided into an upper interlayer and a lower interlayer by a partition plate, and the upper end and the lower end of each interlayer are equally provided with a water inlet (206) and a water outlet (207).

3. The biochar preparation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carbonization furnace (101) is formed by building refractory bricks (104), and an insulating layer (105) is arranged on the outer layer of the refractory bricks (104).

4. The biochar preparation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ignition mechanism includes that the hoop equipartition is fixed in a plurality of some firearms (301) on retort (101) lower part inner wall, locates temperature sensor, the peripheral hardware controller in retort (101) lower part and sets up scavenge port (302) on retort (101) lower part lateral wall, scavenge port (302) are connected with and are used for to retort (101) interior air feed or outside scavenging pump (303) of bleeding, temperature sensor is connected to the signal input part of controller, and scavenging pump (303) are connected to the control output.

5. The biochar preparation device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: an electronic flow valve (304) capable of adjusting the size of the opening is arranged on the scavenging port (302), and the control output end of the controller is also connected with the electronic flow valve (304).

6. The biochar production apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: the air exchange port (302) is also provided with a flowmeter (305).

7. The biochar preparation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: discharge mechanism includes ejection of compact motor (401) and (mixing) shaft (402), the vertical center of locating retort (101) of (mixing) shaft (402) to with the help of bearing and retort (101) rotatable coupling, be fixed with helical blade on (mixing) shaft (402), the lower extreme of (mixing) shaft (402) runs through oil cooling chamber (201) and is fixed with the output shaft of ejection of compact motor (401) with the help of the shaft coupling.