CN209991462U - Incinerator for treating waste - Google Patents
Incinerator for treating waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN209991462U CN209991462U CN201920591352.7U CN201920591352U CN209991462U CN 209991462 U CN209991462 U CN 209991462U CN 201920591352 U CN201920591352 U CN 201920591352U CN 209991462 U CN209991462 U CN 209991462U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an incinerator of processing discarded object, incinerator includes: the kiln head of the rotary kiln is provided with a solid waste inlet, a fuel inlet and a first combustion air inlet, the kiln tail of the rotary kiln is provided with a flue gas outlet and a kiln slag outlet, the temperature of the kiln tail is 650-750 ℃, and the interior of the rotary kiln is kept in an anoxic state; the plasma furnace is internally provided with a gasification zone, a cracking zone and a melting zone from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the gasification zone is provided with a kiln slag inlet and an auxiliary material inlet, the melting zone is provided with a slag outlet and a molten slurry outlet, and the kiln slag inlet is connected with the kiln slag outlet; and the second combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, a second combustion-supporting air inlet and a combustion flue gas outlet, and the flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet. By adopting the incinerator, the service life of the rotary kiln can be prolonged, the incineration energy consumption of hazardous wastes can be effectively reduced, and the harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the wastes can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to environmental protection, metallurgical field, concretely relates to handle burning furnace that burns of discarded object.
Background
The rotary kiln incinerator belongs to solid surface combustion, the mixing and contact of the combusted air and solid are insufficient, the heat transfer efficiency is relatively low, the solid combustion rate is relatively low, but the retention time of waste combustion gas in the rotary kiln is short due to the fact that the relative speed of gas and solid is high, and the combustion load of a secondary combustion chamber is increased.
In the process of burning the solid waste in the rotary kiln, the temperature in the kiln is parabolic, and the highest point of the temperature is related to various factors such as waste material flow, heat value, combustion-supporting air flow, rotary kiln rotating speed and the like and is variable. The installation of the temperature detection point of the rotary kiln is difficult, and in actual operation, although the temperature is displayed in a control range, the actual temperature inside the kiln body can often exceed 1000 ℃, so that the generation of coking inside the kiln body cannot be avoided. Meanwhile, due to the complexity of waste components, the waste contains alkaline earth metals and salts, and is generally low-melting-point compounds (750-800 ℃), and when ash in the waste is less and high-melting-point slag cannot be formed, the melts are easy to corrode refractory materials and metal parts of the incinerator to damage a furnace lining.
Meanwhile, due to the structural characteristics of the rotary kiln, combustion-supporting air and solid wastes are not fully mixed, and the burning speed of volatile gas or gas released by pyrolysis far exceeds the burning speed of solid carbon black. Kiln tail residues tend to burn slowly and insufficiently, thereby causing incomplete combustion of the waste. In order to reach the national regulation that the ignition loss rate of the residual carbon in the slag is less than 5 percent. The burning efficiency is improved, and in the actual operation process, the excess air coefficient of the rotary kiln burning furnace is increased or the waste feeding amount is reduced, so that the smoke gas amount of the secondary combustion chamber is relatively increased. The quantity of the non-incineration gas entering the secondary combustion chamber is limited, the gas stays for 2s at the temperature of over 1100 ℃ to reach the temperature of the flue gas after the incineration of the national regulated hazardous waste, and the supply quantity of the supplementary fuel in the secondary combustion chamber is increased, so that the treatment pressure and the operating cost of the flue gas treatment system are increased.
Thus, the existing waste treatment technologies need to be improved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention aims at solving at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. Therefore, an object of the utility model is to provide an incinerator of processing discarded object, adopt this incinerator can effectively reduce the burning energy consumption of hazardous waste in extension rotary kiln life, realize the innoxious, minimizing and the resourceful treatment of discarded object.
In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an incinerator for disposing waste. According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, burn burning furnace includes:
the kiln head of the rotary kiln is provided with a solid waste inlet, a fuel inlet and a first combustion air inlet, the kiln tail of the rotary kiln is provided with a flue gas outlet and a kiln slag outlet, the temperature of the kiln tail is 650-750 ℃, and the interior of the rotary kiln is kept in an anoxic state;
the plasma furnace is internally provided with a gasification zone, a cracking zone and a melting zone from top to bottom in sequence, the gasification zone is provided with a kiln slag inlet and an auxiliary material inlet, the melting zone is provided with a slag outlet and a molten slurry outlet, and the kiln slag inlet is connected with the kiln slag outlet;
and the second combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, a second combustion-supporting air inlet and a combustion flue gas outlet, and the flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet.
According to the utility model discloses handle burning furnace that burns of discarded object is through adopting rotary kiln and plasma stove combination to supply volume through reducing combustion air and be in the oxygen deficiency state in maintaining the rotary kiln and make kiln tail temperature be 650 ~ 750 degrees centigradeOn one hand, the melting and coking of the wastes at the tail of the rotary kiln can be avoided, on the other hand, the quantity of the un-burned gas entering the secondary combustion chamber can be obviously reduced, on the other hand, the oxygen deficiency in the rotary kiln is burned, the burning of the burning residues is not needed to be considered, so that the wastes are subjected to drying and cracking reaction in the rotary kiln, the obtained combustible gas is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber for burning, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is maintained above 1100 ℃, a large amount of fuel is not needed to be additionally supplemented, the obtained kiln slag is supplied to the plasma furnace for high-temperature gasification, cracking and melting, and the organic matters in the kiln slag are quickly cracked to2、CO、CH4And meanwhile, because the plasma furnace is in an oxygen deficiency condition, part of organic matters in the kiln slag are subjected to combustion reaction to generate a certain amount of CO2And H2O, so that the flue gas generated in the plasma furnace contains a certain amount of H2、CO、CH4The combustible gas is supplied to a secondary combustion chamber to be directly burnt and maintain the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, inorganic matters and auxiliary materials in the kiln slag are melted to form molten slurry under the action of high temperature, so that valuable metals and base metals are separated and recovered, the separated slag is converted into gravel-shaped nontoxic harmless vitrified slag after water quenching, and the vitrified slag can be directly recycled as building materials, so that the recycling of the industrial waste incineration slag is realized. Therefore, the incinerator can effectively reduce the incineration energy consumption of the hazardous waste while prolonging the service life of the rotary kiln, and realize the harmless, reduction and resource treatment of the waste.
In addition, the incinerator for treating wastes according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
optionally, a low heating value liquid waste inlet and/or a first high heating value liquid waste inlet is/are further arranged on the rotary kiln head. Therefore, the fuel cost of the rotary kiln can be reduced, and meanwhile, the harmless treatment of the waste can be realized.
Optionally, a resistance heating auxiliary device is further arranged on the plasma furnace, and the power of the resistance heating auxiliary device is adjusted based on the temperature in the plasma furnace. Therefore, the treatment efficiency of the kiln slag in the plasma furnace can be obviously improved.
Optionally, circulating cooling water is further arranged on the plasma torch outer shell in the plasma furnace. Thereby, the service life of the plasma torch can be improved.
Optionally, a second high-calorific-value liquid waste inlet and a combustion-supporting fuel inlet are further arranged on the second combustion chamber. Therefore, the fuel cost can be reduced and the resource utilization of waste can be realized.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of an incinerator for treating wastes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of an incinerator for treating wastes according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a method of treating waste by using the incinerator for treating waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly on or directly under the second feature or indirectly via intermediate members. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an incinerator for disposing waste. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1-2, the incinerator comprises: a rotary kiln 100, a plasma furnace 200 and a secondary combustion chamber 300.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, the kiln head 11 of rotary kiln 100 is equipped with solid waste entry 101, fuel inlet 102 and first combustion air entry 103, and the kiln tail 12 of rotary kiln 100 is equipped with exhanst gas outlet 104 and kiln sediment export 105, and kiln tail 12 temperature is 650 ~ 750 degrees centigrade to 100 are in the oxygen deficiency state in keeping the rotary kiln, and are suitable for and carry out the oxygen deficiency burning with solid waste supply to in the rotary kiln. The inventor finds that the supply amount of combustion air is reduced to maintain the rotary kiln in an anoxic state and enable the temperature of the kiln tail to be 650-750 ℃, so that on one hand, melting and coking of waste at the kiln tail of the rotary kiln can be avoided, on the other hand, the quantity of unburned gas entering a secondary combustion chamber can be obviously increased, on the other hand, anoxic burning in the rotary kiln does not need to consider burning residue carbon, so that drying and cracking reaction of the waste in the rotary kiln can be realized, the obtained combustible gas is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber for burning, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is maintained to be more than 1100 ℃, and a large amount of fuel does not need to be additionally supplemented. Specifically, before solid waste, fuel and combustion-supporting air are supplied into the rotary kiln from the kiln head of the rotary kiln, the temperature in the rotary kiln is raised to 500-650 ℃ in advance, wherein the fuel is natural gas or fuel oil, the rotary kiln and the plasma furnace are enabled to run in a negative pressure state, the waste and the combustion-supporting air enter the rotary kiln from the kiln head in the same direction, the solid waste slowly moves along the inclination angle and the rotation direction of the rotary kiln, and after drying, cracking and burning for 40-80 minutes, preferably 60 minutes, the obtained kiln slag and flue gas are discharged from the kiln tail.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the kiln head 11 of the rotary kiln 100 is further provided with a low calorific value liquid waste inlet 106 and/or a first high calorific value liquid waste inlet 107, and is adapted to supply the low calorific value liquid waste and/or the high calorific value liquid waste into the rotary kiln for use as fuel, so that the fuel cost in the rotary kiln can be reduced. Specifically, the low-heating-value liquid waste is low-heating-value organic waste liquid with the heating value less than 9000kJ/kg, such as chain compound alcohol, ketone, phenol, aldehyde and the like; the high-calorific-value liquid waste is high-calorific-value organic waste liquid of more than 15000kJ/kg, such as chain compound alcohols, ketones, phenols, aldehydes and the like, and alicyclic compounds such as cyclohexanol, cyclopropane and other aromatic compounds such as benzene, benzene derivatives, pyrrole, pyridine and the like. Preferably, both a low heating value liquid waste inlet 106 and a first high heating value liquid waste inlet 107 are provided on the kiln head 11 of the rotary kiln 100.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, refer to fig. 1, top-down forms gasification zone (not shown), pyrolysis zone (not shown) and melting zone (not shown) in proper order in plasma furnace 200, gasification zone (not shown) is equipped with kiln slag entry 201, auxiliary material entry 202, melting zone (not shown) is equipped with slag export 203 and molten slurry export 204, kiln slag entry 201 links to each other with kiln slag export 105, and be suitable for the kiln slag that obtains in the rotary kiln promptly the waste that burns completely not (containing combustible substance 25 ~ 35 wt%) supplies to plasma furnace and gasify in proper order, schizolysis and melting are handled, obtain reaction flue gas, slag and molten slurry. The inventor finds that by supplying the kiln slag obtained by the rotary kiln into a plasma furnace for high-temperature gasification, cracking and melting, the organic matter in the kiln slag is rapidly cracked to generate the combustible gas H2、CO、CH4And meanwhile, because the plasma furnace is in an oxygen deficiency condition, part of organic matters in the kiln slag are subjected to combustion reaction to generate a certain amount of CO2And H2O, so that the flue gas generated in the plasma furnace contains a certain amount of H2、CO、CH4The combustible gas is supplied to a secondary combustion chamber to be directly burnt and maintain the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, inorganic matters and auxiliary materials in the kiln slag are melted to form molten slurry under the action of high temperature, so that valuable metals and base metals are separated and recovered, the separated slag is converted into gravel-shaped nontoxic harmless vitrified slag after water quenching, and the vitrified slag can be directly recycled as building materials, so that the safe landfill of the industrial waste incineration slag is realized. According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, gasification zone temperature is 600 ~ 800 degrees centigrade, and pyrolysis zone temperature is 800 ~ 1400 degrees centigrade, and melting zone temperature is 1400 ~ 1600 degrees centigrade. Thereby the device is provided withThe waste incineration efficiency can be improved.
Specifically, the high temperature in the plasma furnace is generated by a plasma torch, when a strong current is ionized by inert gas (such as nitrogen), plasma can be formed, the plasma is strongly influenced by an external electromagnetic field to generate strong ion collective motion, the energy is instantaneously concentrated at the moment, and extremely high electric heat efficiency is generated to form high-temperature plasma. In addition to the amount of clean compressed air required by the torch to generate the plasma during the melting process, the torch housing needs to be cooled with circulating deionized water. Meanwhile, certain auxiliary wind is needed to homogenize the heat energy of the plasma with very concentrated energy. The plasma furnace is also provided with a resistance heating auxiliary device (not shown), when the heat value of the added materials is insufficient and the temperature of the furnace body temperature zone is low, the power of the resistance heating auxiliary device is adjusted based on the temperature in the plasma furnace to supplement heat for the plasma furnace so as to maintain the temperature of each section in the furnace. Meanwhile, in the melting process, the auxiliary materials can be at least one of coke, limestone and glass slag. The coke can form a hearth with a gap in the furnace, metal oxides in the waste are reduced, molten inorganic matters fall into a molten slurry pool at the bottom of the furnace through the gap for recovery, and the coke hearth has a certain protection effect on refractory materials in the furnace; the limestone can increase the fluidity of the molten slurry and play a certain role in acid-base neutralization; when the silicon content in the material is less, some glass slag is required to be added so as to obtain vitrified slag with better quality, the molten copper-nickel-chromium metal and the calcium iron silicate glass body have different specific gravities and are layered in a molten slurry pool at the furnace bottom, and the separated water-quenched calcium iron silicate glass body is converted into gravel-shaped nontoxic harmless vitrified slag which can be directly recycled as building materials, thereby realizing the recycling of industrial waste incineration slag.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, referring to fig. 1, second combustion chamber 300 is equipped with flue gas entry 301, second combustion air entry 302 and burning exhanst gas outlet 303, and flue gas entry 301 links to each other with exhanst gas outlet 104, and is suitable for the reaction flue gas that obtains in the rotary kiln and the plasma furnace to supply with to second combustion chamber and combustion air co-combustion, obtains the burning flue gas. Specifically, flue gas containing a large amount of combustible gas after combustion in the rotary kiln enters a secondary combustion chamber from a kiln tail, meanwhile, flue gas coming out of a plasma furnace also enters the secondary combustion chamber through a kiln slag outlet at the kiln tail, combustion-supporting air is supplemented in the secondary combustion chamber, the flue gas stays in the secondary combustion chamber for more than 2s, the combustible gas, microparticle carbon black, organic matters and the like in the flue gas are continuously burnt, the temperature of the combustion chamber is heated to be more than 1100 ℃, the trace organic matters and dioxin in the flue gas are fully decomposed in the secondary combustion chamber at the temperature of more than 1100 ℃, the decomposition efficiency exceeds 99.99%, and the hazardous waste entering an incineration system is fully combusted. Meanwhile, when the temperature of the secondary chamber is insufficient, heat may be supplemented by the burner.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, a second high heating value liquid waste inlet 304 and a combustion-supporting fuel inlet 305 are further provided on the second combustion chamber 300, and are adapted to supply the high heating value liquid waste and the combustion-supporting fuel to the second combustion chamber for combustion. Specifically, when the combustion temperature in the secondary chamber is lower than 1100 ℃, high-heat-value liquid waste and combustion-supporting fuel can be supplied, so that the hazardous waste entering the incineration system can be fully combusted. Specifically, the high-calorific-value liquid waste is high-calorific-value organic waste liquid with a calorific value of more than 15000kJ/kg, such as chain compound alcohols, ketones, phenols, aldehydes and the like, alicyclic compounds such as cyclohexanol, cyclopropane and other aromatic compounds such as benzene, benzene derivatives, pyrrole, pyridine and the like, and the combustion-supporting fuel is light diesel oil and natural gas.
According to the utility model discloses handle burning furnace of discarded object is through adopting rotary kiln and plasma stove combination, and through reducing combustion air's supply volume and be in the oxygen deficiency state in maintaining the rotary kiln and make kiln tail temperature be 650 ~ 750 degrees centigrade, can avoid discarded object to locate melting coking at the rotary kiln tail on the one hand, on the one hand again, can show to reduce and get into the second combustion chamber and do not burn the gas quantity, on the other hand, the oxygen deficiency burns in the rotary kiln, need not consider to burn the residue carbonaceous, make discarded object take place drying and splitting reaction in the rotary kiln, the combustible gas that obtains is supplied with to second combustion chamber and burns, ensure that second combustion chamber temperature maintains more than 1100 degrees centigrade, and do not need additionally to supply a large amount of fuel, and gainThe kiln slag is supplied into a plasma furnace for high-temperature gasification, cracking and melting, and the organic matters in the kiln slag are quickly cracked to generate combustible gas H2、CO、CH4And meanwhile, because the plasma furnace is in an oxygen deficiency condition, part of organic matters in the kiln slag are subjected to combustion reaction to generate a certain amount of CO2And H2O, so that the flue gas generated in the plasma furnace contains a certain amount of H2、CO、CH4The combustible gas is supplied to a secondary combustion chamber to be directly burnt and maintain the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, inorganic matters and auxiliary materials in the kiln slag are melted to form molten slurry under the action of high temperature, so that valuable metals and base metals are separated and recovered, the separated slag is converted into gravel-shaped nontoxic harmless vitrified slag after water quenching, and the vitrified slag can be directly recycled as building materials, so that the safe landfill of the industrial waste incineration slag is realized. Therefore, the incinerator can effectively reduce the incineration energy consumption of the hazardous waste while prolonging the service life of the rotary kiln, and realize the harmless, reduction and resource treatment of the waste.
The incinerator for treating waste according to the present invention can treat industrial waste, and can accept any waste other than explosive substances, including organic, inorganic, metallic, radioactive, and the like.
For convenience of understanding, a method of treating wastes using the above-described incinerator for treating wastes will be described in detail. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the method includes:
s100: supplying solid waste, fuel and combustion air into the rotary kiln from the kiln head of the rotary kiln, keeping the anoxic state in the rotary kiln, and keeping the temperature of the kiln tail at 650-750 DEG C
In the step, solid waste, fuel and combustion air are supplied into the rotary kiln from a kiln head of the rotary kiln, an anoxic state in the rotary kiln is kept, the solid waste is combusted along with rotation of the rotary kiln to obtain kiln slag and flue gas, the temperature of a kiln tail is kept at 650-750 ℃, and the rotary kiln is suitable for supplying the solid waste into the rotary kiln to be subjected to anoxic combustion. The inventor finds that the supply amount of combustion air is reduced to maintain the rotary kiln in an anoxic state and enable the temperature of the kiln tail to be 650-750 ℃, so that on one hand, melting and coking of waste at the kiln tail of the rotary kiln can be avoided, on the other hand, the quantity of unburned gas entering a secondary combustion chamber can be obviously reduced, on the other hand, anoxic burning in the rotary kiln does not need to consider burning residue carbon, so that drying and cracking reaction of the waste in the rotary kiln can be realized, the obtained combustible gas is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber for burning, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is maintained to be more than 1100 ℃, and a large amount of fuel does not need to be additionally supplemented. Specifically, before solid waste, fuel and combustion-supporting air are supplied into the rotary kiln from the kiln head of the rotary kiln, the temperature in the rotary kiln is raised to 500-650 ℃ in advance, wherein the fuel is natural gas or fuel oil, the rotary kiln and the plasma furnace are enabled to run in a negative pressure state, the waste and the combustion-supporting air enter the rotary kiln from the kiln head in the same direction, the solid waste slowly moves along the inclination angle and the rotation direction of the rotary kiln, and after drying, cracking and burning for 40-80 minutes, preferably 60 minutes, the obtained kiln slag and flue gas are discharged from the kiln tail.
Further, the low-calorific-value liquid waste and/or the high-calorific-value liquid waste can be supplied into the rotary kiln to be used as fuel, so that the fuel cost in the rotary kiln can be reduced, and the resource utilization of the liquid waste can be realized. Specifically, the low-heating-value liquid waste is low-heating-value organic waste liquid with the heating value less than 9000kJ/kg, such as chain compound alcohol, ketone, phenol, aldehyde and the like; the high-calorific-value liquid waste is high-calorific-value organic waste liquid of more than 15000kJ/kg, such as chain compound alcohols, ketones, phenols, aldehydes and the like, and alicyclic compounds such as cyclohexanol, cyclopropane and other aromatic compounds such as benzene, benzene derivatives, pyrrole, pyridine and the like. S200: discharging the kiln slag from the kiln tail into a plasma furnace to perform gasification, cracking and melting reaction with auxiliary materials
In the step, kiln slag obtained in the rotary kiln, namely incompletely-burned waste (containing 25-35 wt% of combustible substances) is supplied to a plasma furnace to be sequentially gasified, cracked and melted, so that reaction smoke, molten slag and molten slurry are obtained. The inventors found that the high temperature treatment was carried out by feeding the kiln slag obtained by the rotary kiln into the plasma furnaceThe organic matters in the kiln slag are rapidly cracked to generate combustible gas H2、CO、CH4And meanwhile, because the plasma furnace is in an oxygen deficiency condition, part of organic matters in the kiln slag are subjected to combustion reaction to generate a certain amount of CO2And H2O, so that the flue gas generated in the plasma furnace contains a certain amount of H2、CO、CH4The combustible gas is supplied to a secondary combustion chamber to be directly burnt and maintain the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, inorganic matters and auxiliary materials in the kiln slag are melted to form molten slurry under the action of high temperature, so that valuable metals and base metals are separated and recovered, the separated slag is converted into gravel-shaped nontoxic harmless vitrified slag after water quenching, and the vitrified slag can be directly recycled as building materials, so that the safe landfill of the industrial waste incineration slag is realized. According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, gasification zone temperature is 600 ~ 800 degrees centigrade, and pyrolysis zone temperature is 800 ~ 1400 degrees centigrade, and melting zone temperature is 1400 ~ 1600 degrees centigrade. Thereby, the waste incineration efficiency can be improved.
Specifically, the plasma furnace is also provided with a resistance heating auxiliary device (not shown), and when the heat value of the added materials is insufficient and the temperature of the furnace body temperature zone is low, the power of the resistance heating auxiliary device is adjusted based on the temperature in the plasma furnace to supplement heat for the plasma furnace so as to maintain the temperature of each zone in the furnace. Meanwhile, in the melting process, the auxiliary materials can be at least one of coke, limestone and glass slag. The coke can form a hearth with a gap in the furnace, metal oxides in the waste are reduced, molten inorganic matters fall into a molten slurry pool at the bottom of the furnace through the gap for recovery, and the coke hearth has a certain protection effect on refractory materials in the furnace; the limestone can increase the fluidity of the molten slurry and play a certain role in acid-base neutralization; when the silicon content in the material is less, some glass slag is required to be added so as to obtain vitrified slag with better quality, the molten copper-nickel-chromium metal and the calcium iron silicate glass body have different specific gravities and are layered in a molten slurry pool at the furnace bottom, and the separated water-quenched calcium iron silicate glass body is converted into gravel-shaped nontoxic harmless vitrified slag which can be directly recycled as building materials, thereby realizing the safe landfill of the industrial waste incineration slag.
S300: supplying the flue gas obtained in the step S100 and the reaction flue gas obtained in the step S200 to a secondary combustion chamber to be mixed with combustion air for combustion
In the step, the flue gas obtained in the rotary kiln in the step S100 and the reaction flue gas obtained in the plasma furnace in the step S200 are supplied to a secondary combustion chamber to be mixed with combustion air for combustion, so as to obtain combustion flue gas. Specifically, flue gas containing a large amount of combustible gas after combustion in the rotary kiln enters a secondary combustion chamber from a kiln tail, meanwhile, flue gas coming out of a plasma furnace also enters the secondary combustion chamber through a kiln slag outlet at the kiln tail, combustion-supporting air is supplemented in the secondary combustion chamber, the flue gas stays in the secondary combustion chamber for more than 2s, the combustible gas, microparticle carbon black, organic matters and the like in the flue gas are continuously burnt, the temperature of the combustion chamber is heated to be more than 1100 ℃, the trace organic matters and dioxin in the flue gas are fully decomposed in the secondary combustion chamber at the temperature of more than 1100 ℃, the decomposition efficiency exceeds 99.99%, and the hazardous waste entering an incineration system is fully combusted. Meanwhile, when the temperature of the secondary chamber is insufficient, heat may be supplemented by the burner.
Furthermore, when the combustion temperature in the secondary chamber is lower than 1100 ℃, high-heat-value liquid waste and combustion-supporting fuel can be supplied, so that the hazardous waste entering the incineration system can be fully combusted. Specifically, the high-calorific-value liquid waste is high-calorific-value organic waste liquid with a calorific value of more than 15000kJ/kg, such as chain compound alcohols, ketones, phenols, aldehydes and the like, alicyclic compounds such as cyclohexanol, cyclopropane and other aromatic compounds such as benzene, benzene derivatives, pyrrole, pyridine and the like, and the combustion-supporting fuel is light diesel oil and natural gas.
According to the utility model discloses method of handling discarded object is through adopting above-mentioned incinerator, and through the supply volume that reduces combustion air and be in the oxygen deficiency state and make kiln tail temperature be 650 ~ 750 degrees centigrade in maintaining the rotary kiln, can avoid discarded object to locate melting coking at the rotary kiln tail on the one hand, on the other hand again, can show to reduce and get into the second combustion chamber and do not burn the gas volume, on the other hand, the oxygen deficiency burns in the rotary kiln, need not consider to burn the residue carbonaceous, make discarded object take place drying and cracking reaction in the rotary kiln, the combustible gas that obtains is supplied with toBurning in the second combustion chamber to ensure the temperature of the second combustion chamber to be maintained over 1100 deg.c without needing great amount of fuel, and feeding the obtained kiln slag into plasma furnace for high temperature gasification, cracking and smelting to crack the organic matter in the kiln slag fast to produce fuel gas H2、CO、CH4And meanwhile, because the plasma furnace is in an oxygen deficiency condition, part of organic matters in the kiln slag are subjected to combustion reaction to generate a certain amount of CO2And H2O, so that the flue gas generated in the plasma furnace contains a certain amount of H2、CO、CH4The combustible gas is supplied to a secondary combustion chamber to be directly burnt and maintain the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, inorganic matters and auxiliary materials in the kiln slag are melted to form molten slurry under the action of high temperature, so that valuable metals and base metals are separated and recovered, the separated slag is converted into gravel-shaped nontoxic harmless vitrified slag after water quenching, and the vitrified slag can be directly recycled as building materials, so that the safe landfill of the industrial waste incineration slag is realized. Therefore, by adopting the method, the service life of the rotary kiln can be prolonged, the incineration energy consumption of the hazardous waste can be effectively reduced, and the harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the waste can be realized.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An incinerator for treating waste, comprising:
the kiln head of the rotary kiln is provided with a solid waste inlet, a fuel inlet and a first combustion air inlet, and the kiln tail of the rotary kiln is provided with a flue gas outlet and a kiln slag outlet and is kept in an anoxic state;
the plasma furnace is internally provided with a gasification zone, a cracking zone and a melting zone from top to bottom in sequence, the gasification zone is provided with a kiln slag inlet and an auxiliary material inlet, the melting zone is provided with a slag outlet and a molten slurry outlet, and the kiln slag inlet is connected with the kiln slag outlet;
and the second combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, a second combustion-supporting air inlet and a combustion flue gas outlet, and the flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet.
2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the rotary kiln head is further provided with a low calorific value liquid waste inlet and/or a first high calorific value liquid waste inlet.
3. The incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a resistance heating aid is further provided on the plasma furnace, the power of the resistance heating aid being adjusted based on the temperature within the plasma furnace.
4. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a plasma torch housing in the plasma furnace is further provided with circulating cooling water.
5. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a second high calorific value liquid waste inlet and a combustion supporting fuel inlet are further provided on the secondary combustion chamber.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111715181A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-09-29 | 安徽紫荆花壁纸股份有限公司 | Production system and method of environment-friendly wall decoration material |
| CN111911934A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-10 | 东南大学 | Method for treating hazardous waste by using oxygen carrier to assist combustion of rotary kiln |
| CN112063395A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-11 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization method for thermal cracking of solid waste and hazardous waste resources in steel industry |
| WO2022011756A1 (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-20 | 浙江伟博环保设备科技股份有限公司 | Incinerator waste residue plasma treatment device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111715181A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-09-29 | 安徽紫荆花壁纸股份有限公司 | Production system and method of environment-friendly wall decoration material |
| WO2022011756A1 (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-20 | 浙江伟博环保设备科技股份有限公司 | Incinerator waste residue plasma treatment device |
| CN111911934A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-10 | 东南大学 | Method for treating hazardous waste by using oxygen carrier to assist combustion of rotary kiln |
| CN112063395A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-11 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization method for thermal cracking of solid waste and hazardous waste resources in steel industry |
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