CN209893412U

CN209893412U - Combined combustion device for hazardous waste incineration line

Info

Publication number: CN209893412U
Application number: CN201920083631.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彭杰夏; 唐雁春; 张寅璞; 卢斌斌; 董健永; 杨志诚; 吴鑫铭
Original assignee: Shanghai HOPE Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai HOPE Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-01-18
Filing date: 2019-01-18
Publication date: 2020-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 2029-01-18

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of machinary, concretely relates to burner. A combined combustion device for a hazardous waste incineration line comprises a combustion device, wherein the combustion device comprises a rotary kiln, and a secondary combustion chamber is arranged on one side of the rotary kiln; the other side of the rotary kiln is provided with a melting furnace. Through the design, the utility model provides a dangerous useless incineration line is with combination formula burner, has improved the burn-off effect of dangerous useless rubbish, and calorific loss is little, and its index is hot to burn and is reduced rate, burns efficiency, burns the clearance and all preferred, has reduced the production of dioxin from the source, is close zero release; after the slag is melted by a plasma torch, the slag forms a glass state, and a part of the slag forms a lattice phase, so that the slag is changed into a common substance or a building material in nature, and does not need to be solidified and buried.

Description

Combined combustion device for hazardous waste incineration line

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of machinary, specifically, relate to burner.

Background

Need reach innoxious after handling dangerous thing and medical waste, current domestic dangerous useless main stream technology of burning is: the combined combustion device of 'a rotary kiln (a combustion chamber) + a second combustion chamber', wherein the rotary kiln carries out pyrolysis on materials and burns solid materials, and the second combustion chamber is combustible gas generated by pyrolysis of the rotary kiln. However, the combined combustion device of the rotary kiln (first combustion chamber) + second combustion chamber has short distance of combustion space, and is easy to burn out for easily vaporized plastics such as woven bags and the like, but is difficult to burn out for difficultly vaporized and flammable substances such as compacted paper, activated carbon and the like, so that the burning stage has the consequence that the burning reduction rate is higher than 5%; under the normal burning working condition, the temperature generated at the tail of the rotary kiln is about 850 ℃, and the slag generated by burning in the rotary kiln is neither in a glass state nor in a crystal lattice phase, so that the slag is still judged to be dangerous waste in nature and needs to be further subjected to final treatment of curing and landfill. Or a combined combustion device of a rotary kiln, a fire grate and a second combustion chamber is adopted, and a fire grate furnace device is added at the bottom of the rotary kiln and the lower part of the second combustion chamber, so that a plurality of problems are caused: when the fire grate is additionally arranged, one path of air supply is needed to be added, so that the smoke quantity of an incineration system is increased by more than 10%, and the smoke disposal burden and the smoke quantity exhausted to the atmosphere are increased; because the air supply is carried out at the fire grate, the temperature at the fire grate can be quickly reduced and reaches 800 ℃, low-melting-point materials, especially salt combustion materials can be quickly coked to block a system, and the furnace can be shut down when the system is serious; because the length of the grate furnace is short and the fire resistance and complexity of domestic hazardous waste materials are low, the contribution of the grate furnace to the thermal ignition loss rate is low; equipment failure points and risks are increased when the fire grate is added; under the normal burning condition, the temperature generated on the fire grate is about 800 ℃, and the slag generated by burning through the fire grate is neither in a glass state nor in a lattice phase, so that the slag is still judged to be dangerous waste in nature and needs to be further finally treated by curing and landfill. Or a combined combustion device of a rotary kiln, a heating melting furnace and a second combustion chamber is adopted, a melting furnace for burning diesel oil is added at the bottom of the rotary kiln and the lower part of the second combustion chamber, so that the temperature of a furnace body is raised to 1200-1300 ℃, the materials are expected to be completely burned out and melted, and the melted body is expected to become a glass state or even a lattice phase; the incineration process replaces a grate furnace with a melting furnace, and can also combine the melting furnace and the grate furnace for parallel use, wherein a heat source for heating the melting furnace comes from diesel oil, and the incineration process has the following problems and disadvantages: because a large amount of smoke is generated during the combustion of the diesel oil, the smoke treatment burden of the whole incineration disposal system is increased, and meanwhile, the quantity of unclean smoke discharged to the atmospheric space from a chimney is increased; the solid is converted into liquid in a certain temperature range, namely in a softening temperature range, because diesel oil is used as fuel for heating, the heating speed is slow, usually tens of hours are needed to heat the solid to 1200 ℃, the heating process is also a process of gradually softening and melting the incinerated object, but the slow heating speed process has a serious consequence: when the outside of the solid waste is burnt and the temperature of the central area of the waste is still in a very low range, the burnt material is wrapped by the melted fluid, namely the melted body, and is quickly coked when encountering cooling wind, so that the inside of the burnt material is not burnt completely, and the hot burning rate reaches about 30 percent; the slag obtained by heating the melting furnace is only about 20-30% of glass state but not lattice phase through detection, so that the slag is still judged to be dangerous waste in nature and needs further final treatment of solidification and landfill.

The burning section technology of the present dangerous waste industry, no matter be traditional "rotary kiln + second combustion chamber", or optimize and increased the grate or the melting furnace that heaies up, can't effectively solve three key problems: the thermal ignition loss rate cannot be ensured to be less than 5 percent, and the synthesis of high-temperature gas-phase dioxin is increased; the slag discharged from the rotary kiln can not reach the glass state generally and can not reach the crystal lattice phase, so that the rotary kiln is still judged to be dangerous waste in nature and still needs to be further subjected to final treatment of solidification and landfill; at present, many cities in China stop batch construction of landfill sites, the existing storage capacity is less and less, rotary kiln slag, fly ash and the like have no place to go, and the contradiction is increased rapidly.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a useless line of burning of danger is with combination formula burner to solve above-mentioned at least one technical problem.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a combined combustion device for a hazardous waste incineration line comprises a combustion device and is characterized in that the combustion device comprises a rotary kiln, wherein a secondary combustion chamber is arranged on one side of the rotary kiln, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the secondary combustion chamber;

a melting furnace is arranged on the other side of the rotary kiln, and a plasma torch is arranged in the melting furnace;

a water quenching tank is arranged on one side of the melting furnace, a positive slag outlet is arranged on the side wall of the melting furnace, and the positive slag outlet is communicated with the water quenching tank;

one side of the melting furnace is provided with a bypass slag outlet which is communicated with the water quenching tank, and a bypass valve is arranged at the bypass slag outlet.

The bypass valve adopts a gate valve.

A standby discharge chimney is arranged above the secondary combustion chamber.

And at least three secondary air inlets are arranged at the joint of the rotary kiln and the secondary combustion chamber.

The cross section of the shell of the second combustion chamber is circular, and at least three secondary air inlets are provided with air inlet pipes which can supply air in the tangential direction.

And a fan is arranged on one side of the air inlet pipe.

And a protective wall built by refractory bricks is arranged on the outer side of the melting furnace.

And a scraper conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the water quenching tank.

When in use, crushed or small-package materials are put into the rotary kiln through the feeding mechanism, the burner is immediately ignited, the materials start to ignite and burn, after the temperature is raised for a plurality of hours, the temperature of the kiln head reaches 400-500 ℃, the temperature in the kiln reaches about 650 ℃, and the temperature of the kiln tail reaches about 800 ℃. After about 65 minutes of combustion, slag from the first batch of rotary kiln was produced and rotated through the rotary kiln into the melting furnace. The plasma generator starts to work before 10 hours, generates plasma, heats a melting hearth to 2000 ℃, melts the slag when the slag enters the melting furnace, flows out after about 30 minutes, enters a water quenching tank for quenching through a positive slag outlet pipeline, and is conveyed out through a scraper conveyor. A large amount of heat generated by the plasma torch enters the secondary combustion chamber through the negative pressure of the incineration system, so that the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber reaches 1100 ℃ instantly. In the process of melting slag by the plasma, the generated synthesis gas, such as CO, H2 and the like, enters a second combustion chamber and is mixed with secondary air for full combustion. The large amount of heat accumulated in the melting furnace can supplement and burn the garbage in about 1/3 sections at the tail part of the rotary kiln, so that the garbage can be burnt out under high volume heat load. If the melting furnace is blocked or fails, slag directly enters the pool through the bypass slag outlet, so that the system does not stop the furnace.

Through the design, the utility model provides a dangerous useless incineration line is with combination formula burner, has improved the burn-off effect of dangerous useless rubbish, and calorific loss is little, and its index is hot to burn and is reduced rate, burns efficiency, burns the clearance and all preferred, has reduced the production of dioxin from the source, is close zero release; after the slag is melted by a plasma torch, the slag forms a glass state, and a part of the slag forms a lattice phase, so that the slag is changed into a common substance or a building material in nature, and does not need to be solidified and buried.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a partial structural plan view of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description will further describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a combined combustion device for a hazardous waste incineration line comprises a combustion device, wherein the combustion device comprises a rotary kiln 1, a secondary combustion chamber 2 is arranged on one side of the rotary kiln, and a flue gas outlet 3 is arranged on the secondary combustion chamber; the other side of the rotary kiln is provided with a melting furnace 4, and a plasma torch 5 is arranged in the melting furnace; one side of the melting furnace is provided with a water quenching tank 6, the side wall of the melting furnace is provided with a positive slag outlet 7, and the positive slag outlet is communicated with the water quenching tank; one side of the melting furnace is provided with a bypass slag outlet 8 which is communicated with the water quenching tank, and a bypass valve 9 is arranged at the bypass slag outlet. The utility model provides a useless line of burning of danger with combination formula burner through this design, has improved the burn-out effect of useless rubbish of danger, and calorific loss is little, and its index heat is burnt and is subtracted rate and be less than 2%, and incineration efficiency is greater than 99.9%, burns the removal rate and be greater than 99.99%, has reduced the production of dioxin from the source, is close the zero release; after the slag is melted by a plasma torch, the slag forms a glass state, and a part of the slag forms a lattice phase, so that the slag is changed into a common substance or a building material in nature, and does not need to be solidified and buried.

The plasma torch generates high-temperature gas through electric arc, can work in oxidation, reduction or inert environment, and can provide heat source for industrial furnaces with various functions such as gasification, cracking, reaction, melting, smelting and the like. When in use, crushed or small-package materials are put into the rotary kiln through the feeding mechanism, the burner is immediately ignited, the materials start to ignite and burn, after the temperature is raised for a plurality of hours, the temperature of the kiln head reaches 400-500 ℃, the temperature in the kiln reaches about 650 ℃, and the temperature of the kiln tail reaches about 800 ℃. After about 65 minutes of combustion, slag from the first batch of rotary kiln was produced and rotated through the rotary kiln into the melting furnace. The plasma generator starts to work before 10 hours, generates plasma, heats a melting hearth to 2000 ℃, melts the slag when the slag enters the melting furnace, flows out after about 30 minutes, enters a water quenching tank for quenching through a positive slag outlet pipeline, and is conveyed out through a scraper conveyor. A large amount of heat generated by the plasma torch enters the secondary combustion chamber through the negative pressure of the incineration system, so that the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber reaches 1100 ℃ instantly. In the process of melting slag by the plasma, the generated synthesis gas, such as CO, H2 and the like, enters a second combustion chamber and is mixed with secondary air for full combustion. The large amount of heat accumulated in the melting furnace can supplement and burn the garbage in about 1/3 sections at the tail part of the rotary kiln, so that the garbage can be burnt out under high volume heat load. If the melting furnace is blocked or fails, slag directly enters the pool through the bypass slag outlet, so that the system does not stop the furnace.

The bypass valve adopts a gate valve. A standby discharge chimney 10 is arranged above the second combustion chamber. The joint of the rotary kiln and the second combustion chamber is provided with at least three secondary air inlets. The cross section of the shell of the second combustion chamber is circular, and air inlet pipes 11 which can intake air in the tangential direction are arranged at least three secondary air inlets. One side of the air inlet pipe is provided with a fan. The air inlet pipe is provided with a filter screen for filtering particles in the air. Is convenient for improving the incineration effect.

The outer side of the melting furnace is provided with a protective wall built by refractory bricks. The refractory bricks are high-alumina refractory bricks. So as to improve the safety and prevent the accidental injury of workers.

In order to facilitate the transportation of the slag generated by incineration, the bottom of the water quenching tank is provided with a scraper conveyor.

One side of the rotary kiln is also provided with a feeding device, the feeding device comprises a crushing bin, and a discharge hole of the crushing bin is connected with a feed inlet of the rotary kiln. The material is convenient to break, and the burning effect is improved.

The utility model discloses an use flow as follows: starting a plasma generator, generating and heating; feeding garbage into a rotary kiln; starting a burner to ignite, and catching fire for garbage; the rotary kiln is rotated to burn, and slag is melted in the furnace; the plasma system continues to work and begins to melt the slag; after 30 minutes, the molten mass flows into a water quenching tank through a slag outlet; after water quenching, the slag forms a glass state and is conveyed out through a scraper conveyor at the bottom of the water base pool. If the melting furnace is blocked or fails, the DCS system detects the failure, the gate valve is pulled open through the hydraulic cylinder, and the slag or the molten mass directly falls into the water quenching tank through the bypass slag outlet, so that the system is not stopped.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the present invention. Numerous modifications and alterations to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A combined combustion device for a hazardous waste incineration line comprises a combustion device and is characterized in that the combustion device comprises a rotary kiln, wherein a secondary combustion chamber is arranged on one side of the rotary kiln, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the secondary combustion chamber;

2. The combined combustion device for the hazardous waste incineration line of claim 1, wherein the bypass valve is a gate valve.

3. The combined combustion device for the hazardous waste incineration line of claim 1, wherein a spare exhaust chimney is arranged above the secondary combustion chamber.

4. The combined combustion device for the hazardous waste incineration line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the junction of the rotary kiln and the secondary combustion chamber is provided with at least three secondary air inlets.

5. The combined type combustion device for the hazardous waste incineration line as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cross section of the casing of the secondary combustion chamber is circular, and at least three inlets of the secondary air are provided with air inlet pipes which can intake air tangentially.

6. The combined combustion device for the hazardous waste incineration line of claim 5, wherein a fan is installed at one side of the air inlet pipe.

7. The combined type combustion apparatus for a hazardous waste incineration line of claim 1, wherein a protective wall built up of refractory bricks is provided outside the melting furnace.

8. The combined combustion device for the hazardous waste incineration line of claim 1, wherein a scraper conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the water quenching tank.