CN209522733U - A kind of residents underground powerless integration compound bio sewage-treatment plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of residents underground powerless integration compound bio sewage-treatment plants, anaerobic baffled reactor including being equipped with water inlet, compound bio trickling filter is equipped in anaerobic baffled reactor, the water outlet of anaerobic baffled reactor is communicated with compound bio trickling filter water inlet end, sewage sequentially enters automatic running in anaerobic baffled reactor and compound bio trickling filter by gravity plug-flow, and compound bio trickling filter is equipped with water outlet.The utility model overall process utilizes gravity plug-flow automatic running, and high concentration sewage treatment practical technique is economical and practical, operate, safeguard it is simple and convenient, be not necessarily to power-equipment, achieve the purpose that economize on resources, pollutant process effect is good, the popularization and application suitable for distributing rural domestic sewage treatment.

Description

A household type buried non-powered integrated composite biological sewage treatment device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment and relates to rural distributed domestic sewage treatment equipment, in particular to a household type buried non-powered integrated composite biological sewage treatment device.

Background technique

my country is a developing agricultural country. The sixth national census shows that my country's rural population accounts for 50.32% of the country's total population, and they live scattered. In addition, 96% of my country's villages do not have sewage treatment systems. Most of the sewage is discharged into nearby rivers and ponds without treatment, and the natural environment, surface runoff, groundwater sources, and farmland soil are all polluted to varying degrees.

Rural domestic sewage is characterized by strong biodegradability, high nitrogen and phosphorus content, and basically does not contain toxic substances such as heavy metals. The discharge points are scattered, the discharge amount of each household is small, the quality and quantity of sewage fluctuate greatly, the collection is difficult, and the rural economy and professional level are low, and management technical specifications are lacking. In addition, the rural population lives scattered and the amount of domestic sewage produced is small, and the sewage treatment is also affected by the local natural environment. Therefore, the rural domestic sewage treatment process cannot simply apply the urban sewage treatment process. The existing traditional process is used for decentralized rural domestic sewage If it is to meet the first-level standard of "Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002), it will require large energy consumption, high investment costs, and troublesome maintenance and management.

Utility model content

The utility model aims at the above-mentioned defects in the distributed rural domestic sewage treatment, and provides a household type buried unpowered integrated sewage purification device that does not require professional and technical personnel to operate and manage, has a compact structure, low cost, and good treatment effect .

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: a household type buried non-powered integrated composite biological sewage treatment device, including an anaerobic baffle reactor equipped with a water inlet, and an anaerobic baffle reactor is equipped with There is a composite biological trickling filter, and the outlet end of the anaerobic baffle reactor is connected to the inlet end of the composite biological trickling filter, and the sewage enters the anaerobic baffle reactor and the composite biological trickling filter sequentially through gravity push flow Automatic operation, the composite biological trickling filter is equipped with a water outlet.

Compartments are arranged in the anaerobic baffle reactor, and are arranged around the periphery of the composite biological trickling filter shell body, and a downflow chamber and an upflow chamber are formed by baffles in each compartment, wherein, with the The water outlet is connected to the downflow chamber of the first compartment. The outlet end of the anaerobic baffle reactor adopts an overflow weir, and the overflow weir is set in the upflow chamber of the last compartment and the inlet end of the composite biological trickling filter. connected.

Preferably, the composite biological trickling filter includes a housing body, and the housing body is sequentially placed from top to bottom to provide a primary biofilter for transition from anoxic to an aerobic environment, a secondary biofilter for an aerobic environment, And the biofiltration unit of the three-stage biofilter that changes from aerobic to anoxic environment; the water inlet is arranged above the first-stage biofilter, and the water outlet is arranged below the last-stage biofilter.

Further, the first-, second-, and third-stage biological filters are all shells with openings facing upwards. Water holes are distributed on the bottom of the shells. Supports are provided under the shells. Fillers are installed in the shells. Each shell There is a perforated water distribution plate on the top of the body; above the perforated water distribution plate of the first-stage biological filter in the shell body is a water distribution room, and a half-pipe type water distribution chamber connected to the overflow weir is distributed in the water distribution room. The overflow water distribution pipe, the ventilation chamber is formed between the bottom surface of the shell of each biological filter and the perforated water distribution plate of the next biological filter.

Further, each ventilating chamber is provided with a grid-type splash board, and the grid-type splash board is located above the perforated water distribution board.

Further, the ventilation chambers are respectively provided with ventilation pipes, and the nozzles at the upper ends of the ventilation pipes are located above the ground, and non-powered fans are installed.

A process for sewage treatment using the above-mentioned household-type buried integrated composite biological sewage treatment device, including anaerobic hydrolysis stage and biological filtration stage; wherein, the anaerobic hydrolysis stage degrades macromolecular organic matter in sewage, removes part of the organic matter, After reducing the organic load of sewage, it enters the biological filtration stage to remove inorganic pollutants and residual organic pollutants in sewage.

The anaerobic hydrolysis stage is as follows: each compartment in the anaerobic baffle reactor is filled with spherical soft packing, and the sewage to be treated is injected into the anaerobic baffle reactor from the water inlet by gravity, and the sewage is sequentially Flowing through each compartment of the anaerobic baffle reactor, the sewage in each compartment passes through downflow and upflow to gradually remove COD in the sewage, and finally flows into the half-pipe overflow water distribution pipe through the overflow weir and enters the water distribution pipe room.

The biofiltration stage consists of the following steps:

Step (1) Water distribution chamber: The sewage entering the half-pipe overflow distribution pipe drips to the perforated water distribution plate on the top of the first-level biological filter, and flows into the first-level biological filter through the holes of the water distribution plate;

Step (2). First-level biological filter: the shell of the first-level biological filter is equipped with shale ceramsite filler. Under the oxygen supply of the ventilation room below it, the first-level biological filter gradually changes from an anoxic environment to an aerobic environment. Environmental transition, during this process, heterotrophic bacteria use carbon sources to reproduce in large quantities, remove a large amount of COD in sewage, and part of organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia, biofilm on the surface of shale ceramsite filler and aerobic-anoxic microenvironment After a part of nitrogen is removed by synchronous nitrification and denitrification, it drips on the grid type splash plate and perforated water distribution plate under the shell in turn, and the sewage is fully oxygenated in the ventilation room under the shell in the form of water film or water droplets Then flow into the secondary biofilter;

Step (3). Secondary biofilter: The shell of the secondary biological filter is equipped with sponge + sponge iron composite filler. Under the joint oxygen supply of the upper and lower ventilation chambers of the shell, the secondary biological filter is in aerobic condition. Under environmental conditions, after the sewage flowing into the secondary biofilter is dephosphorized by the action of PO ₄ ^3- +Fe ³⁺ →FePO ₄ ↓, the aerobic phosphorus uptake by phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and the self-adsorption of the filler, follow step (2) The sewage drips on the grid-type splash plate and perforated water distribution plate under the shell, and the sewage flows into the three-stage biological filter after being fully oxygenated in the ventilation room under the shell in the form of water film or water droplets;

Step (4). Three-stage biofilter: The shell of the three-stage biofilter is equipped with shale ceramsite filler. Under the action of the ventilation chamber above it, the three-stage biofilter transitions from an aerobic environment to an anoxic environment. The sewage flows through the aerobic environment section of the three-stage biological filter, and the nitrifying bacteria multiply in large numbers. After nitrification, a large amount of nitrogen in the sewage is converted into NO ₃ ^- and NO ₂ ^- , and the biofilm on the surface of the shale ceramsite filler and A small amount of nitrogen is removed by synchronous nitrification and denitrification in an aerobic-anoxic microenvironment, and the nitrogen in the form of NO ₃ ^- and NO ₂ ^- in the sewage is converted into _N2 is discharged, and after removing a large amount of nitrogen, it is discharged through the water outlet to obtain purified water.

The utility model relates to a household-type buried integrated composite biological sewage treatment process, which adopts an underground installation of a non-powered integrated composite biological sewage treatment device for four-season treatment of distributed rural domestic sewage.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1. The device of this utility model utilizes the height difference of each part of the device and the whole process uses gravity to push the flow to run automatically, without power equipment, and achieves the purpose of saving resources; the anaerobic baffle reactor of the utility model is surrounded by sequentially connected compartments The shell body of the compound biological trickling filter is concentrated and designed to meet the integrated design with a small footprint and simple structure, which can highly concentrate sewage treatment and is economical and practical.

2. The utility model uses the non-powered fan, the ventilation pipe, the grid-type water splashing plate and the perforated water distribution plate, and utilizes the non-powered fan, the wind pulling effect, and the splashing of the grid-type water splashing plate and the perforated water distribution plate. Water reoxygenation supplies oxygen to the aerobic filter, increases the dissolved oxygen in the water body, and then improves the efficiency of sewage treatment. It does not require power equipment to supply oxygen, saves energy consumption, and reduces the operating cost of sewage treatment. It is especially suitable for use in scattered rural areas.

3. The biological filter shells of various levels described in the utility model are piled up in sequence and placed in the shell body of the composite biological trickling filter. It is simple and convenient to replace the filler, easy to assemble and disassemble, and easy to maintain.

4. Through the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic treatment processes connected in series, the utility model degrades the macromolecular organic matter in the sewage through the anaerobic hydrolysis stage, removes part of the organic matter, reduces the organic load of the sewage, and lays the foundation for the subsequent treatment; then enters the biological In the filtration stage and the biological filtration stage, different types of fillers can be filled in each stage of the biofilter according to the characteristics of the sewage water quality to effectively remove organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the sewage, with less sludge generation, effluent water quality up to standard, and stable operation And a series of advantages, suitable for the popularization and application of decentralized rural domestic sewage treatment.

5. The device of this utility model is installed in the ground and can operate normally in winter. The internal components can be easily disassembled and assembled without professional and technical personnel for operation and maintenance. It is suitable for the promotion and use of domestic sewage treatment in decentralized rural areas.

6. Use the household type buried non-powered integrated composite biological sewage treatment device of the utility model to treat rural domestic sewage. This integrated device has a good removal effect on COD and NH ₄ ⁺ -N, and meets the requirements of the "Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB18918-2002) Grade A Standard, TN and TP can meet the "Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard" (GB18918-2002) Grade B Standard, and the effluent can reach the standard discharge.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1. is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the utility model device;

Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the utility model device.

In the figure: 1 anaerobic baffle reactor, 2 water inlet, 3 first compartment of anaerobic baffle reactor, 4 second compartment of anaerobic baffle reactor, 5 anaerobic baffle reactor The third compartment, 6 anaerobic baffle reactor fourth compartment, 7 baffles, 8 overflow weir, 9 semi-pipe overflow distribution pipe, 10 composite biological trickling filter, 11 water outlet, 12 ventilation pipe , 13 non-powered fan, 14 first-level biological filter, 15 second-level biological filter, 16 third-level biological filter, 17 grid type splash plate, 18 perforated water distribution plate, 19 water distribution room, 20 first-level Ventilation chamber, 21 secondary ventilation chambers, 22 supports.

Detailed ways

The following is a further detailed description of a household type buried non-powered integrated composite biological sewage treatment device and process provided by the utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The implementation of the utility model includes but is not limited to the following examples.

As shown in Figure 1, a household-type buried non-powered integrated composite biological sewage treatment device includes an anaerobic baffle reactor with a water inlet, and an anaerobic baffle reactor 1 is equipped with a composite Biotrickling filter 10. The anaerobic baffle plate reactor 1 is divided into several compartments, and is arranged around the middle and upper periphery of the composite biological trickling filter 10 shell body, and a downflow chamber and an upflow chamber are formed by a baffle plate 7 in each compartment. The flow chamber, wherein the downstream flow chamber of the first compartment communicates with the water inlet, and the outlet end of the anaerobic baffle reactor 1 adopts an overflow weir 8, and the overflow weir 8 is arranged at the upstream flow chamber of the last compartment. indoor. The composite biological trickling filter 10 includes a housing body, and the first-level biofilter 14, the secondary biofilter 15 of the aerobic environment, and the transition from anoxic to an aerobic environment are placed in the housing body from top to bottom. And the biofiltration unit of the three-stage biofilter 16 that transforms from aerobic to anoxic environment. Filtration units are set up repeatedly according to requirements, among which, the first, second, and third-stage biofilters are all shells with openings facing upwards. Water holes are distributed on the bottom of the shells. Supports 22 are arranged below the shells. Filling, the top of each shell is set up with a perforated water distribution plate 18; the top of the perforated water distribution plate 18 of the primary biological filter 14 in the shell body is a water distribution chamber 19, and there are distributed in the water distribution chamber 19 A half-pipe overflow distribution pipe 9 connected with the overflow weir 8. A water outlet 11 is opened at the side wall of the housing body below the three-stage biological filter 16 . Wherein, the primary biofilter housing is erected above the perforated water distribution plate at the top of the secondary biofilter housing through a support member 22, and a primary ventilation chamber 20 is formed between the two. The secondary biofilter housing is erected above the perforated water distribution plate on the top of the tertiary biological filter housing, and a secondary ventilation chamber 21 is formed between the two. Each ventilated chamber is provided with a grid-type splashing board 17, and the grid-type splashing board 17 is supported on the top of the perforated water distribution board 18 and is parallel to it. The ventilation chambers are respectively provided with ventilation pipes 12 , the nozzles at the upper ends of the ventilation pipes 12 are located above the ground, and non-powered fans 13 are installed.

Sewage enters each compartment of the anaerobic baffled plate reactor 1 and each stage of the biofilter in the shell of the composite biological trickling filter 10 through gravity push flow to automatically decontaminate.

The anaerobic baffle reactor 1 is preferably provided with four sequentially connected compartments, including the first compartment 3, the second compartment 4, the third compartment 5, the fourth compartment 6, the anaerobic baffle Each compartment of the plate reactor 1 is divided into a downflow chamber and an upflow chamber by a baffle 7; There is an overflow weir 8 in the room, and the overflow weir 8 is connected to one end of the half-pipe overflow distribution pipe 9, and the other end of the half-pipe overflow distribution pipe 9 is set on the inner wall of the compound biological trickling filter 10 shell, and the half-pipe type The overflow water distribution pipe 9 is located in the water distribution chamber, and is distributed above the perforated water distribution plate 18 on the top of the primary biological filter shell.

The primary biofilter 14 casing, the secondary biofilter 15 casing, the tertiary biofilter 16 casing, the grid type splash plate 17 and the perforated water distribution plate arranged inside the composite biological trickling filter 10 18 are mutually independent individuals, and they are stacked sequentially during use, and stacked and placed in the housing of the composite biological trickling filter 10.

The household type buried integrated composite biological sewage treatment device of the utility model is in operation; the details are as follows:

Including the anaerobic hydrolysis stage and the biological filtration stage; as shown in Figure 1, the direction of the arrow in the figure is the direction of water flow inside the device; in order to clearly show the internal structure of the device, the cover plate at the top of the device is not shown in the figure, and the actual operation process The top of the utility model device is sealed with a cover plate.

Among them, the anaerobic hydrolysis stage degrades the macromolecular organic matter in the sewage, reduces the organic load of the sewage, and then enters the biological filtration stage, using chemical biological phosphorus removal, adsorption of the filler itself, biofilm on the surface of the filler, and nitrification in an aerobic environment. denitrification in anoxic environment and synchronous nitrification and denitrification in the aerobic-anoxic microenvironment formed on the filler surface to remove organic matter, N, P and other pollutants in sewage.

Spherical soft packing is filled in each compartment of the anaerobic baffle reactor 1, and the anaerobic hydrolysis stage is: the sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of a certain sewage treatment plant is inoculated in the anaerobic baffle reactor 1 , domestic sewage enters the device through the water inlet 2 arranged on the top of the outer wall of the first compartment 3 of the anaerobic baffle reactor, and each compartment of the anaerobic baffle reactor 1 is connected in series in sequence, and the sewage passes through the compartments of each compartment in turn The downflow chamber and the upflow chamber, the anaerobic baffle reactor 1 can not only play a buffer role, but also improve the biodegradability of the sewage. The sewage flows through the four compartments to gradually remove COD, and the sewage flows through the fourth compartment. The chamber 6 enters the compound biological trickling filter 10 through the overflow weir 8 and the half-pipe overflow distribution pipe 9 .

The filtering stage includes the following steps:

Step (1) Water distribution chamber: the outlet water from the anaerobic baffle reactor 1 enters the half-pipe overflow distribution pipe 9 through the overflow weir 8 and drips to the perforated water distribution plate 18 built on the top of the first-stage biological filter 14 shell , and flow into the primary biofilter 14 through the holes of the perforated water distribution plate 18;

Step (2) Primary biofilter: The primary biofilter 14 is filled with shale ceramsite filler, and under the oxygen supply of the primary ventilation chamber 20, the primary biofilter 14 gradually changes from an anoxic environment to an aerobic environment. Environmental transition, heterotrophic bacteria use carbon sources to reproduce in large quantities, COD in sewage is removed in large quantities, part of organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia, biofilm on the surface of filler and synchronous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic-anoxic microenvironment remove part Nitrogen, then drips successively on the grid type splash plate 17 below it and the perforated water distribution plate 18 on the top of the secondary biofilter 15 housing, the sewage is in the form of a water film or water droplets and is fully discharged in the primary ventilation chamber 20. Oxygenation flows into the secondary biofilter 15;

Step (3). Secondary biofilter: The secondary biofilter 15 is filled with sponge + sponge iron composite filler. Under the joint oxygen supply of the primary ventilation chamber 20 and the secondary ventilation chamber 21, the secondary biofilter 15 is in an aerobic environment, and the sewage flowing into the secondary biofilter 15 is dephosphorized through the action of PO ₄ ^3- +Fe ³⁺ →FePO ₄ ↓, the action of phosphorus-accumulating bacteria and the action of filler self-adsorption, and then the step ( 2) is similar to that described above, dripping successively on the grid-type splash plate 17 under the shell and the perforated water distribution plate 18 on the top of the shell of the three-stage biological filter 16, the sewage is in the form of a water film or water droplets in the second fully oxygenated in the first-stage ventilation chamber 21, and flows into the three-stage biofilter 16;

Step (4). Three-stage biofilter: The three-stage biofilter 16 is equipped with shale ceramsite filler, and under the oxygen supply of the secondary ventilation chamber 21, the three-stage biofilter 16 changes from an aerobic environment to an anoxic environment. Environmental transition, sewage flows through tertiary biofilter 16 aerobic environment section, nitrifying bacteria multiply, a large amount of nitrogen in sewage after nitrification is converted into NO ₃ ^- and NO ₂ ^- forms, biofilm on the surface of filler and Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic-anoxic microenvironment removes a small amount of nitrogen, and then flows through the tertiary biofilter 16 anoxic environment section, and the nitrogen in the form of NO ₃ ^- and NO ₂ ^- in the sewage undergoes denitrification Converted into N ₂ to discharge, remove a large amount of nitrogen, and discharge through the water outlet 11 to obtain purified water, effectively remove pollutants in the sewage, and make the sewage discharge up to the standard.

The biofilter in this process supplies oxygen through the unpowered fan 13 , the blowing effect of the ventilation pipe 12 , the water splashing reoxygenation effect of the grid type splash plate 17 and the perforated water distribution plate 18 .

There is a certain void ratio between the filler particles in each stage of the biofilter, which can form a local aerobic-anoxic microenvironment on the outer surface of the particles. When the water flows through the filter filled with fillers, it is easy to form fillers. In addition, due to the difference in oxygen supply conditions inside and outside the filler, it can provide a suitable living environment for microorganisms that play a role in the sewage treatment process and improve treatment efficiency.

The device adopts buried installation, and it can operate normally in winter, and the effluent can be used for greening, flushing toilets, etc., which is conducive to the popularization and application of decentralized rural domestic sewage treatment.

Example

The treatment scale of the device is 0.05m³/d, and the size of the integrated device is 485mm×485mm×1140mm, in which the anaerobic baffle reactor (1) surrounds the anoxic-aerobic composite biological trickling filter (10), and the anaerobic The size of the oxygen baffle reactor (1) is 485mm×485mm×490mm, the size of the biological trickling filter (10) is 265mm×265mm×1140mm, the height of the primary biofilter is 330 mm, the height of the secondary biofilter, the third The height of the first-grade biological filter is 200mm, the interval between adjacent filters is 100mm, the hydraulic retention time is 24h, and the operation mode is continuous operation. The treatment effect is shown in the following table 1:

Table 1. Analysis of device treatment effect

According to the data in the above table, the rural domestic sewage is treated by the household type buried non _- powered integrated composite biological sewage treatment device ^. Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Treatment Plants (GB18918-2002) Class I A standard, although the removal of TN and TP is not ideal, but it can also meet the Class I B standard of Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants (GB18918-2002) , the effluent can reach the standard discharge.

It should be noted that: the above content is a detailed description of the utility model in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited thereto, and all modifications made within the spirit and principles of the utility model include Within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of residents underground powerless integration compound bio sewage-treatment plant, the anaerobism including being equipped with water inlet is rolled over Flowing plate reactor, it is characterised in that: be equipped with compound bio trickling filter (10) in anaerobic baffled reactor (1), anaerobic baffle plate The water outlet of reactor (1) is communicated with compound bio trickling filter (10) water inlet end, and sewage sequentially enters anaerobism by gravity plug-flow Baffled reactor (1) and compound bio trickling filter (10) interior automatic running, compound bio trickling filter (10) are equipped with water outlet (11).

2. a kind of residents underground powerless integration compound bio sewage-treatment plant according to claim 1, It is characterized in that: being equipped with compartment in the anaerobic baffled reactor (1), and outside compound bio trickling filter (10) enclosure body It encloses and sets, form downlink flow chamber and uplink flow chamber by baffle plate (7) in each compartment, wherein communicating with water inlet is the The water outlet of the downlink flow chamber of one compartment, anaerobic baffled reactor (1) uses overflow weir (8), and overflow weir (8) is set to last It is communicated in the upstream room of compartment with compound bio trickling filter (10) water inlet end.

3. a kind of residents underground powerless integration compound bio sewage-treatment plant according to claim 2, Be characterized in that: compound bio trickling filter (10) includes enclosure body, be sequentially placed from top to bottom in enclosure body provide anoxic to Aerobic environment transformation level-one biofilter (14), aerobic environment two stage biological filter tank (15) and it is aerobic to anaerobic environment turn The biofiltration unit of the three-level biofilter (16) of change；The water inlet end is set to above level-one biofilter (14), water outlet (11) it is set to below afterbody biofilter.

4. a kind of residents underground powerless integration compound bio sewage-treatment plant according to claim 3, Be characterized in that: one, two, three biofilter is opening up shell, and water hole, shell lower section is distributed in the bottom surface of shell Equipped with supporting element, shell is provided with filler, and the top of each shell is erected with punched-type water distributing plate (18)；Level-one in enclosure body The top of the punched-type water distributing plate (18) of biofilter (14) is cloth water chamber (19), is distributed in the cloth water chamber (19) and overflow weir (8) the semi-canal type overflow water distributor (9) being connected, the perforation of the bottom surface and next stage biofilter of every level-one biofilter shell Draft chamber is formed between formula water distributing plate.

5. a kind of residents underground powerless integration compound bio sewage-treatment plant according to claim 4, It is characterized in that: being placed in each draft chamber grid type splash board (17), grid type splash board (17) is located at punched-type water distributing plate (18) top.

6. a kind of residents underground powerless integration compound bio sewage-treatment plant according to claim 4 or 5, It is characterized by: the draft chamber is respectively arranged with ventilation duct (12), the nozzle of ventilation duct (12) upper end is located at ground or more, and No-power air blower (13) are installed.