CN209056607U - An electromagnetic metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition control - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器，包括底层金属反射板，所述金属反射板上方具有由两种介质基板和两种谐振单元组合依次层叠而成的9层结构单元。本实用新型在吸波器中引入了二氧化钒谐振单元，利用二氧化钒的相变特性，通过外界温度的变化改变二氧化钒的电导率，以实现对于吸波器工作带宽和频点的动态调谐。
The utility model discloses an electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition regulation and control, which comprises a bottom metal reflection plate, and above the metal reflection plate is formed by sequentially stacking two kinds of dielectric substrates and two kinds of resonance units. 9-layer structural unit. The utility model introduces a vanadium dioxide resonance unit into the wave absorber, and uses the phase transition characteristics of vanadium dioxide to change the electrical conductivity of vanadium dioxide through the change of external temperature, so as to realize the adjustment of the working bandwidth and frequency of the wave absorber. Dynamic tuning.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及太赫兹器件技术领域，特别是基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器。The utility model relates to the technical field of terahertz devices, in particular to an electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition regulation.
背景技术Background technique
电磁超材料是具有一些常规材料不具备的超常物理性质的人工复合结构或材料，能够产生“隐身衣”、“完美”成像、负折射等有趣的现象。其优点在于材料的电磁属性可以通过调节单元结构的尺寸、结构和分布形式来实现。电磁超材料吸波器在各个领域都有着广泛的应用。在军事领域，武器装备的生存是战争胜利的关键条件，提高武器隐身性能、降低其被侦测概率是提高作战效能的最有效方法。在民用领域，如今电磁污染日益严重，不仅对电子设备造成干扰和损伤，还会影响人们的身体健康。但是，传统材料的吸波器对电磁波吸收的形式属于被动吸收，缺乏适应性和可调谐性，难以满足实际需要。因此，如何对电磁波特性进行调控成为各个领域研究的重点。引入相变材料就可以通过改变外部环境条件改变某种材质的电磁参数特性，以实现对超材料吸波器的控制。二氧化钒具有室温相变特征，相变温度为68℃，在绝缘体到金属的过程中，其电导率迅速增大，且电导率的突变是可逆的，基于这一特性，可以通过超材料与二氧化钒的集成，制造出可调谐电磁超材料吸波器。Electromagnetic metamaterials are artificial composite structures or materials with extraordinary physical properties that some conventional materials do not possess, and can produce interesting phenomena such as "invisibility cloaks", "perfect" imaging, and negative refraction. The advantage is that the electromagnetic properties of the material can be achieved by adjusting the size, structure and distribution of the unit structure. Electromagnetic metamaterial absorbers have a wide range of applications in various fields. In the military field, the survival of weapons and equipment is a key condition for the victory of wars. Improving the stealth performance of weapons and reducing their detection probability is the most effective way to improve combat effectiveness. In the civil field, electromagnetic pollution is becoming more and more serious nowadays, which not only causes interference and damage to electronic equipment, but also affects people's health. However, the wave absorber of traditional materials is passive absorption in the form of electromagnetic wave absorption, lacking adaptability and tunability, and it is difficult to meet the actual needs. Therefore, how to control the electromagnetic wave characteristics has become the focus of research in various fields. The introduction of phase change materials can change the electromagnetic parameter characteristics of a certain material by changing the external environmental conditions, so as to realize the control of the metamaterial absorber. Vanadium dioxide has the characteristics of room temperature phase transition, and the phase transition temperature is 68 °C. In the process of insulator to metal, its electrical conductivity increases rapidly, and the mutation of electrical conductivity is reversible. Based on this characteristic, metamaterials can be combined with Integration of vanadium dioxide to fabricate a tunable electromagnetic metamaterial absorber.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足而提供一款基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器，通过外部温控转换二氧化钒谐振单元的介质、金属状态，从而达到对吸波器在特定频率区域范围内吸收率的调控的目的。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition regulation and control, which converts the medium and metal states of the vanadium dioxide resonance unit through external temperature control, So as to achieve the purpose of regulating the absorption rate of the absorber in a specific frequency range.
本实用新型为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：The utility model adopts the following technical solutions for solving the above-mentioned technical problems:
根据本实用新型提出的一种基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器，包括底层金属反射板，所述金属反射板上方具有由两种介质基板和两种谐振单元组合依次层叠而成的9层结构单元。An electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition regulation and control proposed according to the present utility model includes a bottom metal reflector, above the metal reflector, there are two kinds of dielectric substrates and two kinds of resonance units stacked in sequence. into a 9-layer structural unit.
作为本实用新型的进一步优化方案，所述9层结构单元从下至上第一层为SiO2介质基板，第二层、第四层、第六层和第八层均为Y2O3介质基板，第三层为金属谐振单元，第五层、第七层、第九层均为二氧化钒谐振单元。As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the first layer of the 9-layer structural unit from bottom to top is a SiO 2 dielectric substrate, and the second, fourth, sixth and eighth layers are all Y 2 O 3 dielectric substrates , the third layer is a metal resonance unit, and the fifth, seventh and ninth layers are all vanadium dioxide resonance units.
进一步的，所述二氧化钒谐振单元有两种状态，低温状态(<68℃)和高温状态(≥68℃)。Further, the vanadium dioxide resonance unit has two states, a low temperature state (<68°C) and a high temperature state (≥68°C).
当处于低温状态时(<68℃)表现为介质特性，当处于高温状态时(≥68℃)表现为金属特性。When it is in a low temperature state (<68°C), it exhibits dielectric properties, and when it is in a high temperature state (≥68°C), it exhibits metallic properties.
进一步的，SiO2介质基板边长为70μm、厚度为2μm，第二层Y2O3介质基板边长为70μm、厚度为1.8μm，第四层、第六层、第八层Y2O3介质基板的边长逐层递减0.7μm、厚度逐层递减0.018μm。Further, the SiO 2 dielectric substrate has a side length of 70 μm and a thickness of 2 μm, the second layer of Y 2 O 3 dielectric substrate has a side length of 70 μm and a thickness of 1.8 μm, and the fourth, sixth and eighth layers of Y 2 O 3 The side length of the dielectric substrate decreases by 0.7 μm layer by layer, and the thickness decreases by 0.018 μm layer by layer.
进一步的，金属谐振单元和二氧化钒谐振单元的形状相同而尺寸不同，第五层二氧化钒谐振单元与金属谐振单元的尺寸比例为0.99:1，第七层二氧化钒谐振单元与金属谐振单元的尺寸比例为0.98:1，第九层二氧化钒谐振单元与金属谐振单元的尺寸比例为0.97:1。Further, the metal resonance unit and the vanadium dioxide resonance unit have the same shape but different sizes, the size ratio of the fifth layer of the vanadium dioxide resonance unit and the metal resonance unit is 0.99:1, and the seventh layer of the vanadium dioxide resonance unit and the metal resonance unit The size ratio of the unit is 0.98:1, and the size ratio of the ninth layer vanadium dioxide resonant unit and the metal resonant unit is 0.97:1.
进一步的，所述的金属谐振单元由蛇形的谐振单元和四个正方环形谐振单元及一个正方形谐振单元组合而成。所述蛇形的谐振单元的线宽及线间距离均为2μm，正方环形谐振单元的线宽为0.2μm，线间距离为3.8μm，正方形谐振单元的边长为20μm，厚度为1μm。Further, the metal resonance unit is composed of a serpentine resonance unit, four square ring resonance units and a square resonance unit. The line width and the distance between lines of the serpentine resonance unit are both 2 μm, the line width of the square ring resonance unit is 0.2 μm, the distance between lines is 3.8 μm, the side length of the square resonance unit is 20 μm, and the thickness is 1 μm.
进一步的，所述底层金属反射板和金属谐振单元的材料为金，金属反射板的厚度为0.1 μm。Further, the material of the underlying metal reflector and the metal resonance unit is gold, and the thickness of the metal reflector is 0.1 μm.
本实用新型采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the utility model adopts the above technical scheme, and has the following technical effects:
(1)本实用新型是基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器，通过外界温控对二氧化钒谐振单元的状态进行调控，使其在太赫兹波段的特定频率区域范围的吸收率可调，当电磁波入射时，通过温度调控获得可调谐的吸收频谱。(1) The present utility model is an electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition regulation and control, and the state of the vanadium dioxide resonance unit is regulated by external temperature control, so that the absorption in the specific frequency range of the terahertz band is made. When the electromagnetic wave is incident, a tunable absorption spectrum can be obtained through temperature regulation.
(2)本实用新型可以在较小的物理尺寸下实现对太赫兹电磁波的吸收，具有通俗易加工，可温度调控，设计灵活，功能性强等特点。(2) The utility model can realize the absorption of terahertz electromagnetic waves under a smaller physical size, and has the characteristics of simple and easy processing, temperature control, flexible design, and strong functionality.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为金属谐振单元结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal resonant unit.
图2为金属谐振单元结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal resonant unit.
图3为基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器阵列(3×3)结构图正视图。FIG. 3 is a front view of the structure of an electromagnetic metamaterial absorber array (3×3) based on vanadium dioxide phase transition modulation.
图4为基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器立体图。Figure 4 is a perspective view of an electromagnetic metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition modulation.
图5为基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器侧视图。Figure 5 is a side view of an electromagnetic metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition modulation.
图6为基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器在TE模式电磁波垂直入射时的高温吸收曲线。Figure 6 shows the high-temperature absorption curve of the electromagnetic metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition control when the electromagnetic wave in TE mode is vertically incident.
图7为基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器在TE模式电磁波垂直入射时的低温吸收曲线。Figure 7 shows the low-temperature absorption curve of the electromagnetic metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition control when the electromagnetic wave in TE mode is vertically incident.
附图标记解释：1、2、3—二氧化钒谐振单元，4—金属谐振单元，6—金属反射板，5—介质1，7、8、9、10—介质2。Explanation of reference numerals: 1, 2, 3—vanadium dioxide resonant unit, 4—metal resonator unit, 6—metal reflector, 5—medium 1, 7, 8, 9, 10—medium 2.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型的技术方案做进一步的详细说明The technical scheme of the present utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本实施例提出的一种基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器，可以通过外部温控方式对二氧化钒谐振单元的状态进行调控，从而达到在太赫兹波段特定频率区域范围吸收率可调的目的，所述的吸波器由结构单元周期排列而成。其结构单元包括底层金属反射板6、介质基板5、7、8、9、10，金属谐振单元4，以及二氧化钒谐振单元1、2、3。An electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition regulation proposed in this embodiment can adjust the state of the vanadium dioxide resonant unit through an external temperature control method, so as to achieve absorption in a specific frequency region of the terahertz band. For the purpose of adjustable rate, the wave absorber is formed by periodic arrangement of structural units. Its structural units include bottom metal reflector 6 , dielectric substrates 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , metal resonance unit 4 , and vanadium dioxide resonance units 1 , 2 , and 3 .
谐振单元分别由金属及二氧化钒构成，各谐振单元之间有介质层隔开，通过外界温度控制二氧化钒谐振单元1、2、3的状态。在低温状态下，二氧化钒谐振单元表现出介质特性，高温时表现为金属特性。The resonance units are respectively composed of metal and vanadium dioxide, and each resonance unit is separated by a dielectric layer, and the state of the vanadium dioxide resonance units 1 , 2 and 3 is controlled by the external temperature. At low temperature, the vanadium dioxide resonant unit exhibits dielectric properties, and at high temperature it exhibits metallic properties.
所述的介质基板5材料为SiO2，介质基板7、8、9、10材料为Y2O3。The dielectric substrate 5 is made of SiO 2 , and the dielectric substrates 7 , 8 , 9 and 10 are made of Y 2 O 3 .
所述的金属反射板6和金属谐振单元4，材料是金。The metal reflector 6 and the metal resonance unit 4 are made of gold.
所述的基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器的产生方法，该吸波器对于入射的电磁波是极化敏感的，电磁波垂直入射时，高温、低温状态下吸收效果的差异是由于二氧化钒谐振单元在高温下(≥68℃)呈现金属特性、在低温下(<68℃)呈现介质特性引起的。两种状态相比较，高温状态时(≥68℃)，该吸波器的吸收效果更好。The method for producing an electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber based on the phase transition regulation of vanadium dioxide, the wave absorber is polarization sensitive to incident electromagnetic waves, and when the electromagnetic waves are vertically incident, the difference in absorption effect under high temperature and low temperature states is: The reason is that the vanadium dioxide resonant unit exhibits metallic properties at high temperature (≥68°C) and dielectric properties at low temperature (<68°C). Comparing the two states, the absorption effect of the absorber is better at high temperature (≥68°C).
该吸波器的反射板，在不同频段所用反射板不同，如在微波波段反射面可用全金属板，如铜、铝等；而在太赫兹及光波以上频段，反射板可采用多层介质反射板(如光子晶体)或具有反射特性的人工结构阵列。The reflector of the wave absorber uses different reflectors in different frequency bands. For example, in the microwave band, the reflector can be made of all-metal plates, such as copper, aluminum, etc.; and in the frequency bands above terahertz and light waves, the reflector can be reflected by multilayer media. Plates (such as photonic crystals) or arrays of artificial structures with reflective properties.
该吸波器，其介质基板还可以为人工合成的具有特定特性的介质，如通过溶液配比的方法得到的凝胶型(柔性)介质，再与柔性基板相结合可以用于共形实现宽频吸收。The wave absorber, its dielectric substrate can also be a synthetic medium with specific characteristics, such as a gel-type (flexible) medium obtained by a solution ratio method, and then combined with a flexible substrate can be used for conformal realization of broadband absorb.
所述的基于二氧化钒相变调控的超材料吸波器能够实现较好的吸波性能同时，通过温控的方式实现吸收频率的可调谐。The metamaterial wave absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition regulation can achieve better wave absorption performance, and at the same time, the tunable absorption frequency can be achieved by means of temperature control.
一款基于二氧化钒相变调控的电磁超材料吸波器，由若干个谐振单元周期排列而成。其结构单元如图4所示，底层是完整的金属板，用于全反射，厚度h1为0.1μm，介质基板5边长p为70μm、厚度h2为2μm，介质基板10边长p为70μm、厚度h3为1.8μm。介质基板 9、8、7的边长p1、p2、p3分别为69.3μm、68.6μm、67.9μm，厚度h5、h6、h7分别为1.782 μm、1.764μm、1.746μm。金属和二氧化钒谐振单元都是由蛇形线状的谐振单元和四个正方环形谐振单元及一个正方形谐振单元组合而成，形状相同而尺寸不同。如图1所示，所述金属谐振单元中，蛇形结构的外边长a为66μm，线宽和线间距离b为2μm，缝隙g为10μm 谐振环的线宽c为0.2μm，环间距离e为3.8μm，如图2所示，从外至内，第一个谐振环的外边长d为60.2μm，内边长f为59.8μm,第二个谐振环的外边长i为56.4μm，内边长j为56 μm，第三个谐振环的外边长k为52.6μm，内边长l为52.2μm，第四个谐振环的外边长n为 48.8μm，内边长o为48.4μm，正方形谐振单元的边长m为20μm，其厚度h4为1μm。二氧化钒谐振单元3与金属谐振单元的尺寸比例为0.99:1，二氧化钒谐振单元2与金属谐振单元的尺寸比例为0.98:1，二氧化钒谐振单元1与金属谐振单元的尺寸比例为0.97:1。具体参数见表1。An electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorber based on vanadium dioxide phase transition regulation is composed of several resonant units arranged periodically. Its structural unit is shown in Figure 4, the bottom layer is a complete metal plate for total reflection, the thickness h 1 is 0.1 μm, the side length p of the dielectric substrate 5 is 70 μm, the thickness h 2 is 2 μm, and the side length p of the dielectric substrate 10 is 70 μm and thickness h 3 of 1.8 μm. The side lengths p 1 , p 2 and p 3 of the dielectric substrates 9 , 8 and 7 are respectively 69.3 μm, 68.6 μm and 67.9 μm, and the thicknesses h 5 , h 6 and h 7 are respectively 1.782 μm, 1.764 μm and 1.746 μm. The metal and vanadium dioxide resonant units are both composed of a serpentine line resonator unit, four square ring resonator units and a square resonator unit, with the same shape but different sizes. As shown in Figure 1, in the metal resonator unit, the outer side length a of the serpentine structure is 66 μm, the line width and the distance b between the lines are 2 μm, the gap g is 10 μm, the line width c of the resonant ring is 0.2 μm, and the distance between the rings is 0.2 μm. e is 3.8μm, as shown in Figure 2, from the outside to the inside, the outer side length d of the first resonant ring is 60.2μm, the inner side length f is 59.8μm, and the outer side length i of the second resonant ring is 56.4μm, The inner side length j is 56 μm, the outer side length k of the third resonant ring is 52.6 μm, the inner side length l is 52.2 μm, the outer side length n of the fourth resonant ring is 48.8 μm, and the inner side length o is 48.4 μm, The side length m of the square resonance unit is 20 μm, and its thickness h 4 is 1 μm. The size ratio of the vanadium dioxide resonance unit 3 to the metal resonance unit is 0.99:1, the size ratio of the vanadium dioxide resonance unit 2 to the metal resonance unit is 0.98:1, and the size ratio of the vanadium dioxide resonance unit 1 to the metal resonance unit is 0.97:1. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.
表1Table 1
如图6、7所示，是该吸波器在不同温度下工作的吸收曲线，由于该吸波器对于入射的电磁波是极化敏感的，以下两种温度的吸收曲线均是TE模式下得到的吸收曲线，工作时电磁波沿-z方向入射。由吸收率公式A(ω)＝1-R(ω)-T(ω)，R(ω)表示反射率，T(ω)表示透射率由于底层是完整金属反射板，所以T(ω)＝0，故A(ω)＝1-R(ω)。图6是高温状态下(≥68℃)吸波器的吸收曲线，在频率2.71THz到3.35THz范围内，该吸波器的吸收率在90％以上，其吸收峰值分别为93.0％和97.5％，分别位于2.77THz和3.18THz。图7是低温状态下(<68℃)吸波器的吸收曲线，在频率3.36THz到3.57THz范围内该吸波器的吸收率在90％以上，其吸收峰值分别为91.6％、99.6％、99.9％、99.7％和99.6％，分别位于1.27THz、3.40THz、3.52THz、 3.68THz和4.09THz。比较两种状态可以看出，高温状态下(≥68℃)该吸波器可以实现特定频率范围内的宽带吸收，低温状态下(<68℃)该吸波器只能实现多个单频点的吸收。因此，我们可以根据实际需求来选择工作状态，通过外部温控，实现对该吸波器工作频率的调控。As shown in Figures 6 and 7, it is the absorption curve of the absorber working at different temperatures. Since the absorber is polarization sensitive to incident electromagnetic waves, the absorption curves of the following two temperatures are obtained in the TE mode. The absorption curve of the electromagnetic wave is incident along the -z direction during operation. From the absorptivity formula A(ω)=1-R(ω)-T(ω), R(ω) represents the reflectance, and T(ω) represents the transmittance. Since the bottom layer is a complete metal reflector, T(ω)= 0, so A(ω)=1-R(ω). Figure 6 is the absorption curve of the absorber at high temperature (≥68°C). In the frequency range from 2.71THz to 3.35THz, the absorption rate of the absorber is above 90%, and its absorption peaks are 93.0% and 97.5%, respectively. , located at 2.77THz and 3.18THz, respectively. Figure 7 is the absorption curve of the absorber at low temperature (<68°C). The absorption rate of the absorber in the frequency range from 3.36THz to 3.57THz is above 90%, and its absorption peaks are 91.6%, 99.6%, 99.9%, 99.7% and 99.6% are located at 1.27THz, 3.40THz, 3.52THz, 3.68THz and 4.09THz, respectively. Comparing the two states, it can be seen that at high temperature (≥68°C) the absorber can achieve broadband absorption within a specific frequency range, while at low temperature (<68°C) the absorber can only achieve multiple single frequency points Absorption. Therefore, we can choose the working state according to the actual needs, and realize the regulation of the working frequency of the absorber through external temperature control.
在经过特定设计(温度控制)后，本实用新型的工作频率能够覆盖整个太赫兹波段。主要吸收都是由二氧化钒构成的谐振单元引起，可以在较小的物理尺寸下实现对较低频率电磁波的吸收，本实用新型具有通俗易加工，可温度调控，设计灵活，功能性强等特点。After a specific design (temperature control), the operating frequency of the present invention can cover the entire terahertz band. The main absorption is caused by the resonant unit composed of vanadium dioxide, which can realize the absorption of lower frequency electromagnetic waves in a smaller physical size. Features.
以上显示和描述了本实用新型的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本领域的技术人员应该了解，本实用新型不受上述具体实施例的限制，上述具体实施例和说明书中的描述只是为了进一步说明本实用新型的原理，在不脱离本实用新型精神和范围的前提下，本实用新型还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本实用新型范围内。本实用新型要求保护的范围由权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the descriptions in the above-mentioned specific embodiments and the specification are only to further illustrate the principle of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In the future, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
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