CN209013919U - A kind of tip clearance measuring device based on microwave swept frequency resonator sensor - Google Patents
A kind of tip clearance measuring device based on microwave swept frequency resonator sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN209013919U CN209013919U CN201821467029.0U CN201821467029U CN209013919U CN 209013919 U CN209013919 U CN 209013919U CN 201821467029 U CN201821467029 U CN 201821467029U CN 209013919 U CN209013919 U CN 209013919U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of tip clearance measuring devices based on microwave swept frequency resonator sensor: include: the resonator sensor being fixed near movable vane piece, coaxial cable, CPU and tip clearance circuit.Voltage controlled oscillator exports reference signal and transmitting signal, reference signal is mixed with the reference signal that reference signal source exports by frequency mixer, mixed frequency signal filters out high frequency by low-pass filter and frequency signal, by difference frequency signal through frequency-selective network frequency-selecting, frequency-selective network output signal triggers reference instant discriminator and identifies reference instant；Emit the amplified transmitting signal of signal and microwave is projected from resonator sensor to rotor axis direction by coaxial cable after circulator, circulator receives the signal reflected by vane end faces simultaneously, the signal of vane end faces reflection is amplified after circulator, radio-frequency carrier signal is filtered out in detection network, triggering resonance moment discriminator identifies the resonance moment.The utility model is used for tip clearance high-acruracy survey under high temperature.
Description
Technical field
The tip clearance measuring device based on microwave swept frequency that the utility model relates to a kind of.
Background technique
The large rotating machineries such as aero-engine, combustion gas turbine are the great key equipments such as national defence aircraft, naval vessel
" heart ".Movable vane piece as its core working element, state parameter directly affect great national defence equipment operational safety and
Working efficiency.Wherein, under high temperature, high pressure and exhaust gas corrosion environment, the on-line measurement of rotating vane tip clearance parameter is to avoid
Rubbing faults occur for blade and casing, guarantee engine health and reduce engine oil consumption rate, improve compressor or turbine
The key link of efficiency.The basic principle is that sensor is mounted on rotating machinery casing, when movable vane piece rotates to sensor
When front, by measure distance of the blade tip away from sensor, thus obtain movable vane piece to casing tip clearance parameter.
On the one hand, movable vane piece tip clearance measuring system according to the working principle of sensor can be divided into optical fiber type, condenser type,
Electric vortex type and microwave type.Start movable blade work under the bad working environments environment of high temperature, high pressure and exhaust gas corrosion, movable vane piece
There are stators part, the measuring systems such as stator blade, sealing block piece to need under the conditions of extreme Service Environment and structure constraint for surrounding
Realize the measurement of tip clearance.Optical fiber type is influenced vulnerable to greasy dirt, and the service life is shorter, is not suitable for hot environment；Condenser type is in high temperature
Breakdown, while influence of its measurement accuracy vulnerable to combustion gas and fluid dielectric constant are easy under environment；Electric vortex type high temperature resistance
Difference is only applicable to the measurement of tip clearance under low temperature (500 DEG C) environment, and the influence vulnerable to blade shape, blade material.It is micro-
Waves have many advantages, such as high temperature resistant, anti-pollution, wide dynamic range, can meet the exceedingly odious work of aero-engine, combustion gas turbine
Make the measurement of tip clearance parameter under environment.
On the other hand, microwave type tip clearance measuring system is similar to short range millimetre-wave radar, and sensor drive driving circuit is logical
It crosses microwave remote sensor and emits millimeter electromagnetic wave to measurand, after which is reflected, by Conditioning Circuits of Sensor
Reception processing, the output signal of conditioning module are directly proportional to the distance between sensor and object to be measured.Traditional phase difference method
Microwave type tip clearance measuring system determines target and sensor by measurement transmitting signal and the phase difference of echo-signal
Testing distance, this method without fuzzy measurement distance within half-wavelength, measurement range is small.It is micro- based on frequency resonator sensor
Waves tip clearance measuring system, by the measurement of measurement fixed frequency point voltage and the relational implementation tip clearance in gap, but
Variation of ambient temperature can cause resonance frequency point to drift about, and measurement accuracy is greatly influenced by temperature, needs to be adjusted in real time according to environment temperature
Whole measurement frequency point.
In another aspect, the working speed of aerial engine fan is up to 15000rpm, for the whole grade leaf dish of 0.7m diameter,
Vane end faces highest works linear velocity up to 500m/s, and vane end faces thickness is generally only 2~3mm, is while meeting same
The measurement of blade multiple spot tip clearance needs, and the signal processing of Conditioning Circuits of Sensor must be completed in 2 μ s, need to ring
The subsequent conditioning circuit of sensor echo-signal short between seasonable, processing speed is fast.
Utility model content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the utility model provides one kind can be used for high temperature and restricted structure under the conditions of tip clearance it is high-precision
Spend the movable vane piece tip clearance measuring device of measurement.Technical solution is as follows:
A kind of tip clearance measuring device based on microwave swept frequency resonator sensor, comprising: be fixed near movable vane piece
Resonator sensor, coaxial cable, CPU and tip clearance circuit, which is characterized in that the tip clearance circuit includes ring
Shape device, voltage controlled oscillator VCO, radio-frequency power amplifier, reference signal source, frequency mixer, low-pass filter, frequency-selective network, benchmark
Moment discriminator, radio frequency low-noise amplifier, detection network, resonance moment discriminator and timer, wherein
Voltage controlled oscillator VCO exports the two of radio-frequency range linear frequency sweep under the control of the modulated voltage signal of CPU output
Road is with frequency with the reference signal and transmitting signal of phase, wherein reference signal and the reference signal of reference signal source output are by mixing
The mixing of frequency device, mixed frequency signal filters out high frequency by low-pass filter and frequency signal, by difference frequency signal through frequency-selective network frequency-selecting, when
When difference frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of frequency-selective network, frequency-selective network output signal triggers reference instant discriminator and generates burst pulse letter
Number, to indicate reference instant；In addition, transmitting signal carries out power amplification, amplified transmitting letter by radio-frequency power amplifier
Microwave is projected from resonator sensor to rotor axis direction by coaxial cable number after circulator, while circulator is received by leaf
The signal of piece end face reflection, the signal of vane end faces reflection amplify after circulator in radio frequency low-noise amplifier, it
Radio-frequency carrier signal is filtered out in detection network afterwards, output signal triggers resonance moment discriminator and generates narrow pulse signal, with instruction
The resonance moment；
The narrow pulse signal that timer is exported by reference instant discriminator triggers, and records reference instant；It is reflected by the resonance moment
The narrow pulse signal triggering of other device output, records the resonance moment, and in real time export time difference data to CPU.
Preferably, the resonator sensor includes ceramic window, filled media, shell and coaxial cable, ceramic window
Piece is located at one end of shell and face blade, and coaxial cable penetrates filled media from the other end of shell and is connected to the side of shell
On face.
The utility model is for rotating vane tip clearance wide range, high speed, height under high temperature, high pressure and exhaust gas corrosion environment
The measurement demand of precision proposes a kind of tip clearance measuring device, this hardware configuration is aided with CPU software again, with prior art phase
Than having the advantage that
(1) the movable vane pieces tip clearance measuring system such as existing optical fiber type, condenser type, electric vortex type is overcome to can not achieve pole
The shortcomings that tip clearance measures under the conditions of end military service working environment and structure constraint, proposes a kind of microwave type movable vane piece tip clearance
Measurement method the advantages that using microwave type measuring system high temperature resistant, anti-pollution, wide dynamic range, realizes high temperature and restricted structure
Under the conditions of tip clearance high-acruracy survey.
(2) overcome traditional phase difference method tip clearance measuring system, ranging is without fuzzy ranges in radiofrequency signal half-wavelength
Within, the limited disadvantage of measuring range and put the resonance frequency point of frequency resonator sensor microwave type tip clearance measuring system with
Temperature drift, measurement frequency point need the shortcomings that adjustment in real time, by comparing the time difference of reference instant and resonance moment, eliminate pressure
The common-mode error that oscillator introduces is controlled, realizes tip clearance high-acruracy survey in larger range ability, while voltage-controlled using high speed
Oscillator, igh-speed wire-rod production line circuit and split-second precision difference measurements circuit can meet slim vane, high vane end faces linear velocity item
The demand of high speed measuring of tip clearance under part.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the movable vane piece tip clearance measurement scheme figure based on microwave swept frequency of the utility model.
Fig. 2 shows the resonant cavity type sensor schematics of the utility model.
The resonant cavity type sensor reflection coefficient that Fig. 3 shows the utility model changes schematic diagram with tip clearance.
Figure label explanation: 1 is resonator sensor, and 2 be coaxial cable, and 3 be circulator, and 4 be central processing unit
(CPU), 5 be voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), and 6 be radio-frequency power amplifier, and 7 be benchmark signal source, and 8 be frequency mixer, and 9 be low pass filtered
Wave device, 10 be frequency-selective network, moment discriminator on the basis of 11, and 12 be radio frequency low-noise amplifier, and 13 be detection network, and 14 are
Resonance moment discriminator, 15 be timer, and 16 be ceramic window, and 17 be filled media, and 18 be shell, and 19 be coupled structure, 20
It is the sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 1mm for the sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 0.5mm, 21,22 are
The sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 1.5mm, 23 be the sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 2mm, and 24 be leaf
The sensor reflection coefficient curve of intercuspal space 2.5mm, 25 be the sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 3mm.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The utility model proposes a kind of movable vane piece tip clearance measuring system based on microwave swept frequency working method, such as Fig. 1
It is shown, comprising: resonator sensor 1, coaxial cable 2, circulator 3, central processing unit (CPU) 4, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5,
Radio-frequency power amplifier 6, reference signal source 7, frequency mixer 8, low-pass filter 9, frequency-selective network 10, reference instant discriminator 11,
Radio frequency low-noise amplifier 12, detection network 13, resonance moment discriminator 14, timer 15.
Central processing unit (CPU) 4 generates sawtooth wave or the voltage signal of triangular modulation controls voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5
Realize that linear rapid frequency-sweeping, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5 are high-speed voltage control oscillator, the response time in picosecond, exports rf wave
The two-way of section linear frequency sweep is with frequency with the reference signal of phase and transmitting signal, wherein reference signal and reference signal source 7 export
Reference signal be mixed by frequency mixer 8, mixed frequency signal filters out high frequency by low-pass filter 9 and frequency signal believes difference frequency
Number 10 frequency-selecting of frequency-selective network through high q-factor, when difference frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of frequency-selective network 10, frequency-selective network 10 is exported
Signal triggers reference instant discriminator 11 and generates narrow pulse signal, to indicate reference instant；In addition, transmitting signal passes through radio frequency function
Rate amplifier 6 carries out power amplification, and amplified transmitting signal is after circulator 3 by coaxial cable 2 by being mounted on casing
Microwave resonant cavity sensor 1 project microwave to rotor axis direction, while circulator 3 receives the signal that is reflected by vane end faces,
The signal of vane end faces reflection amplifies, later in detection network 13 after circulator 3 in radio frequency low-noise amplifier 12
Radio-frequency carrier signal is filtered out, output signal triggers resonance moment discriminator 14 and generates narrow pulse signal, to indicate the resonance moment；In
Central processor (CPU) 4 controls the record reference instant of timer 15 and resonance moment, timer 15 are defeated by reference instant discriminator 11
Narrow pulse signal triggering out records reference instant, while the narrow pulse signal exported by resonance moment discriminator 14 triggers, note
The resonance moment is recorded, the time difference at calculating benchmark moment and resonance moment in real time exports time difference data to central processing unit
(CPU) 4, central processing unit (CPU) 4 is converted into tip clearance data by inquiry tip clearance calibration curve tables of data in real time；
Timer 15 uses time-to-digital converter technology (TDC), such as vernier method, interpolation method, tapped delay collimation method or difference
Divide delay collimation method etc., the time interval between beginning timing markers point and stopping timing markers point is converted to the time of digital quantity
Interval data output, time interval measurement precision meet tip clearance high-speed, high precision measurement request in picosecond.
Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5 is affected by temperature the radio frequency signal frequency under identical control voltage and drifts about, and passes through meter
The time difference for calculating reference instant and resonance moment can eliminate the common-mode error of frequency drift introducing.
As shown in Fig. 2, the structure of resonator sensor 1 includes ceramic window 16, filled media 17, shell 18, coupling knot
Structure 19 and coaxial cable 2.Ceramic window 16 and filled media 17 select permeation resistance, such as aluminium oxide, silicon nitride, silica
Deng；The selection of shell 18 and nickel-base high-temperature alloy material similar in engine crankcase, as (line is swollen for Inconel718 nickel base superalloy
Swollen coefficient is 11.8 × 10-6/ DEG C), GH600 high temperature alloy etc.；Coupled structure 19 can be magnetic coupling arrangement or electric coupling structure
Form；Coaxial cable 2 selects semi-rigid silica high temperature radio frequency cable, and heatproof is up to 600 DEG C.The spy of resonator sensor 1
Head and the metal material measured target of its open port face constitute resonant cavity, and tip clearance changes the resonance that can cause resonant cavity
Frequency point variation.
As shown in figure 3, circulator 3 is received when the transmitting signal frequency sweep of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5 is to resonance frequency point
Vane end faces reflect that signal is stronger, and when the transmitting signal frequency sweep of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5 is to disresonance frequency point, circulator 3 is connect
The vane end faces reflection signal that can not receive.
For example, reference signal source 7 is set as 23.5GHz, central processing unit (CPU) 4 controls voltage controlled oscillator 5 from 23
GHz-25Hz frequency sweep, voltage controlled oscillator 5, which exports two-way, to be believed with frequency with the reference signal of phase and transmitting signal, reference signal and benchmark
The 23.5GHz signal that number source 7 exports is mixed by frequency mixer 8, and the signal for being mixed out is both with frequency signal and difference frequency signal
Sum, low-pass filter 9 can filter out high frequency and frequency signal, and frequency-selective network 10 frequency-selecting of the difference frequency signal through high q-factor works as frequency sweep
When to 23.5GHz, 10 output signal of frequency-selective network triggers reference instant discriminator 11 and generates narrow pulse signal, is input to timing
Device；In addition, transmitting signal after circulator 3 by after 6 power amplification of radio-frequency power amplifier, passing through coaxial cable 2 by installing
Microwave resonant cavity sensor 1 on casing projects microwave to rotor axis direction, it is assumed that and current tip clearance is 3mm, by Fig. 3,
When frequency sweep is to 23.75GHz, circulator 3 can receive the signal reflected by vane end faces, put through radio frequency low-noise amplifier 12
Greatly, detection network 13 filters out radio-frequency carrier 23.75GHz signal, and output signal triggers resonance moment discriminator 14 and generates burst pulse
Signal is also fed to timer 15, and timer 15 is under the control of central processing unit (CPU) 4, when the calculating benchmark moment is with resonance
The time difference at quarter, it is returned to central processing unit (CPU) 4, central processing unit (CPU) 4 is converted into tip clearance by tabling look-up in real time
Value.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of tip clearance measuring device based on microwave swept frequency resonator sensor, comprising: be fixed near movable vane piece
Resonator sensor, coaxial cable, CPU and tip clearance circuit, which is characterized in that the tip clearance circuit includes annular
Device, voltage controlled oscillator VCO, radio-frequency power amplifier, reference signal source, frequency mixer, low-pass filter, frequency-selective network, when benchmark
Carve discriminator, radio frequency low-noise amplifier, detection network, resonance moment discriminator and timer, wherein
Voltage controlled oscillator VCO, the two-way that radio-frequency range linear frequency sweep is exported under the control of the modulated voltage signal of CPU output are same
Reference signal and transmitting signal of the frequency with phase, wherein reference signal and the reference signal of reference signal source output pass through frequency mixer
Mixing, mixed frequency signal filters out high frequency by low-pass filter and frequency signal work as difference frequency by difference frequency signal through frequency-selective network frequency-selecting
When consistent with the resonance frequency of frequency-selective network, frequency-selective network output signal triggers reference instant discriminator and generates narrow pulse signal,
To indicate reference instant；In addition, transmitting signal carries out power amplification, amplified transmitting signal warp by radio-frequency power amplifier
Microwave is projected from resonator sensor to rotor axis direction by coaxial cable after circulator, while circulator is received by blade end
The signal of face reflection, the signal of vane end faces reflection amplify, Zhi Hou after circulator in radio frequency low-noise amplifier
Detection network filters out radio-frequency carrier signal, and output signal triggers resonance moment discriminator and generates narrow pulse signal, to indicate resonance
Moment；
The narrow pulse signal that timer is exported by reference instant discriminator triggers, and records reference instant；By resonance moment discriminator
The narrow pulse signal of output triggers, and records the resonance moment, and in real time export time difference data to CPU.
2. tip clearance measuring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the resonator sensor includes pottery
Porcelain window, filled media, shell and coaxial cable, ceramic window are located at one end of shell and face blade, and coaxial cable is from shell
The other end of body penetrates filled media and is connected on the side of shell.
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| CN201821467029.0U CN209013919U (en) | 2018-09-08 | 2018-09-08 | A kind of tip clearance measuring device based on microwave swept frequency resonator sensor |
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| CN201821467029.0U CN209013919U (en) | 2018-09-08 | 2018-09-08 | A kind of tip clearance measuring device based on microwave swept frequency resonator sensor |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113686272A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-23 | 天津大学 | High-temperature-resistant microwave resonant cavity type blade tip clearance sensor based on cooling transition section |
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2018
- 2018-09-08 CN CN201821467029.0U patent/CN209013919U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113686272A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-23 | 天津大学 | High-temperature-resistant microwave resonant cavity type blade tip clearance sensor based on cooling transition section |
| CN113686272B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-07-12 | 天津大学 | High-temperature-resistant microwave resonant cavity type blade tip clearance sensor based on cooling transition section |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20210112 Address after: 300382 office building 451-04, Xiqing Xuefu Industrial Park Management Committee, Xiqing District, Tianjin Patentee after: SMARTMENS (TIANJIN) TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 300072 Tianjin City, Nankai District Wei Jin Road No. 92 Patentee before: Tianjin University |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |