CN108088582B - Method for quickly measuring temperature of switch cabinet by using surface acoustic waves - Google Patents
Method for quickly measuring temperature of switch cabinet by using surface acoustic waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN108088582B CN108088582B CN201711476999.7A CN201711476999A CN108088582B CN 108088582 B CN108088582 B CN 108088582B CN 201711476999 A CN201711476999 A CN 201711476999A CN 108088582 B CN108088582 B CN 108088582B
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- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
- G01K11/26—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of resonant frequencies
- G01K11/265—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of resonant frequencies using surface acoustic wave [SAW]
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly measuring the temperature of a switch cabinet by using surface acoustic waves, which determines the step frequency in the frequency scanning process by establishing a lookup table mapping relation between echo energy at the resonant frequency of a surface acoustic wave sensor, echo energy at the non-resonant frequency and corresponding frequency difference. In addition, the direction of change of the sweep frequency is determined by measuring the phase angle of the echo signal. And determining whether the single frequency query is finished or not according to whether the difference between the energy of the echo signal and the energy at the resonance is smaller than a set threshold value or not. The measuring method is applied to temperature monitoring of the switch cabinet, and the scanning frequency stepping of the reader is self-adaptive, so that the total frequency sweeping times can be greatly reduced compared with the traditional frequency sweeping method, the real-time temperature of a monitoring point in the switch cabinet can be quickly obtained, and the fault of the switch cabinet caused by abnormal temperature can be effectively prevented. Therefore, in the frequency query process, the resonant frequency can be quickly searched, and the quick measurement of the temperature is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of temperature monitoring of metal conductors of power equipment, in particular to a method for quickly measuring the temperature of a switch cabinet by using surface acoustic waves.
Background
With the improvement of the dependence of the modern society on electric energy, areas with high power density have higher requirements on the safety and reliability of the supply of the electric energy, and further have higher requirements on the reliability of electric power equipment. The switch cabinet is a key device in power equipment, and comprises a circuit breaker, a load switch, a disconnecting switch, a mutual inductor, an operating mechanism, various protection devices and the like. Actual statistical data show that most of the faults of the power grid power equipment are caused by serious consequences such as combustion and explosion caused by the fact that the power equipment operates under a high-temperature condition due to the large-current operation, aging and the like of the equipment. The switch cabinet is a metal-enclosed switch device, and when the switch cabinet works normally, the metal-enclosed door is not allowed to be opened, and all electrical connection points are located in the switch cabinet. Because the internal working voltage of the switch cabinet is high, and the power cannot be cut off randomly in normal use, the temperature measurement system installed in the high-voltage switch cabinet is required to have high electrical insulation property, and the maintenance amount in daily use is required to be as small as possible. Real-time monitoring of the temperature at critical locations in the switchgear is therefore required to assess the corresponding operating state. The passive and wireless surface acoustic wave temperature measuring method is widely applied to the temperature monitoring of the electrical equipment due to low cost and convenient installation. At present, in a temperature measurement mode aiming at a switch cabinet, a resonance type surface acoustic wave technology is generally adopted to measure the temperature of the key position of the switch cabinet. Since the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor is to be measured in actual measurement, that is, the dominant frequency of the query signal cannot be equal to the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor in advance, how to rapidly query the surface acoustic wave sensor by using the dominant frequency signal close to the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor is an important problem in determining the query performance. In the measurement process, a fixed frequency scanning mode is generally adopted to obtain the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor, and the temperature of the current surface acoustic wave sensor is obtained according to the fitting relation between the resonant frequency and the temperature, so that the temperature of the key position in the switch cabinet is indirectly measured. Because the frequency of step scan is relevant with the temperature precision of measurement, if the temperature precision of measurement is higher, the frequency point that needs the scanning will be very much to lead to single temperature measurement's time to become very long, be unfavorable for the real-time supervision of the temperature of cubical switchboard key position. To reduce the time for temperature measurement, researchers have divided the frequency sweep into two parts: the method comprises two stages of frequency coarse scanning and frequency fine scanning. And determining a frequency interval where the central resonance frequency is located by utilizing frequency rough scanning, and then obtaining the central resonance frequency of the surface acoustic wave resonator by utilizing frequency fine scanning in the frequency interval. The method may reduce the temperature measurement time to 1/7 for the fixed frequency sweep.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for quickly measuring the temperature of a switch cabinet by using surface acoustic waves, aiming at the defect that the time of temperature measurement is long because frequency scanning adopts fixed stepping frequency in the process of frequency query in the conventional switch cabinet resonant surface acoustic wave passive and wireless temperature system. And determining the stepping frequency in the frequency scanning process by establishing a lookup table mapping relation between the echo energy at the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor and the echo energy at the non-resonant frequency and the corresponding frequency difference. In addition, the direction of change of the sweep frequency is determined by measuring the phase angle of the echo signal. And determining whether the single frequency query is finished or not according to whether the difference between the energy of the echo signal and the energy at the resonance is smaller than a set threshold value or not. The measuring method is applied to temperature monitoring of the switch cabinet, and the scanning frequency stepping of the reader is self-adaptive, so that the total frequency sweeping times can be greatly reduced compared with the traditional frequency sweeping method, the real-time temperature of a monitoring point in the switch cabinet can be quickly obtained, and the fault of the switch cabinet caused by abnormal temperature can be effectively prevented. Therefore, in the frequency query process, the resonant frequency can be quickly searched, and the quick measurement of the temperature is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for quickly measuring the temperature of a switch cabinet by using surface acoustic waves comprises the following steps:
s1: experiment for establishing resonant frequency f of resonant surface acoustic wave sensor0Echo energy E of timemaxAnd a non-resonant frequency fiEcho energy E of timeiThe relationship model of (1);
the resonator in the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor has the characteristic of high quality factor, so that the working bandwidth is narrow. Its corresponding echo energy can be expressed as:
wherein N is the period number of an acoustic transducer in the surface wave sensor; i is0Is the echo information frequency at the reference temperature; omega0Is the angular frequency at resonance; Δ ω is the angular frequency difference. When Δ ω is 0, the echo signal energy at resonance can be expressed as:
Emax＝I0exp[jωt]
therefore, the main frequency of the query signal can cause the resonator to oscillate as long as the main frequency falls within the working frequency band of the resonator, and transient sensing output is generated. The energy extracted by the resonator from the interrogation signal is maximized only when the excitation frequency is equal to the resonance frequency, as is the energy of the sensing output signal. Therefore, in the query process, the echo energy of the surface wave sensor is gradually reduced along with the deviation from the resonant frequency, so that the mapping relation between the echo energy when the echo energy deviates from the resonant frequency and the echo energy when the echo energy is in resonance can be established.
Resonant frequency f of resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor0Echo energy E of timemaxAnd a non-resonant frequency fiEcho energy E of timeiThe relationship model of (1):
Emax-Ei＝α2(f0-fi)2+α1(f0-fi)+α0
wherein alpha is2，α1，α0Is the undetermined coefficient that needs to be fitted by experiment. And establishing a mapping lookup table between the resonant frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor, the echo energy difference of the non-resonant frequency and the corresponding frequency difference according to the obtained fitting data.
S2: judging the size of the echo signal frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor relative to the resonant frequency according to the phase angle of the echo signal;
s3: determining the step delta f of frequency scanning according to the phase angle of echo signals and the mapping lookup table between the energy difference of the resonant frequency and the non-resonant frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor and the corresponding frequency differenceiThe size and the positive and negative of (c); setting the frequency of the sweep to f by setting the frequency control word of the signal sourcei+Δfi. In the next frequency scanning process, the reader transmits the frequency fi+ΔfiOf the intermittent radio frequency signal.
S4: if the energy difference between the detected echo signal and the energy during resonance is smaller than a preset threshold value, judging that the transmitting frequency is the resonance frequency of the current sensor; and the fixed transmitting frequency is used for carrying out multiple measurements and carrying out coherent accumulation, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of signals is improved, and the temperature measurement precision is improved.
S5: and calculating the real-time temperature of the monitoring point of the switch cabinet through the fitting relation between the temperature and the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor. The relationship between the resonant frequency and temperature of a saw sensor can be described as:
f＝f0[1+a1(T-T0)+a2(T-T0)2]
where T is the temperature to be measured, T0Is a reference temperature, f0Is the resonant frequency of the SAW sensor at the reference temperature. a is1,a2Is a reference temperature T0The first and second order frequency temperature coefficients need to be determined during the calibration process.
In a preferred scheme, the echo signal is an intermittent radio frequency signal emitted by a reader in a certain frequency step by step, and after the surface acoustic wave sensor receives the radio frequency signal, the surface acoustic wave sensor performs multiple reflections inside the surface acoustic wave sensor and emits the radio frequency echo signal with a certain frequency according to the temperature condition of the resonator.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the echo signal returned by the saw sensor is digitally down-converted to split the signal into two I and Q signals, which can be respectively represented as:
in a preferred scheme, the magnitude of the phase angle is judged through the signs of the two paths of signal values, so that the positive and negative of the frequency difference between the echo signal frequency and the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor are judged, and the stepping frequency direction is determined.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, during signal reception, by detecting whether the energy difference between the echo signal returned by the surface acoustic wave sensor and the energy when the surface acoustic wave sensor resonates is less than a preset threshold: if greater than a preset threshold, determining a new step frequency Δ fi(ii) a And if the frequency is smaller than the preset threshold value, ending the frequency sweeping.
In a preferred embodiment, the new step frequency Δ f is determined from a mapping look-up table established between the energy difference and the frequency differencei。
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: a method for quickly measuring the temperature of a switch cabinet by using surface acoustic waves has two beneficial effects, namely, the resonant frequency f of a resonant surface acoustic wave sensor is fitted by detecting the frequency and the energy of a corresponding echo signal0Echo energy E of timemaxAnd a non-resonant frequency fiEcho energy E of timeiThe relation model of (2) establishes a mapping lookup table between energy differences of resonant frequency and non-resonant frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor and corresponding frequency differences. The lookup table can make the frequency scanning step during the frequency scanning process to be changed according to the energy of the echo signal, and the scanning frequency is not fixed in the traditional measuring process; secondly, determining the step delta f of frequency scanning according to the phase angle of the echo signal and the mapping lookup table between the energy difference of the resonant frequency and the non-resonant frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor and the corresponding frequency differenceiThe size, the positive value and the negative value of the temperature sensor can realize the fast resonant frequency search in the inquiry process, thereby realizing the fast measurement of the temperature of the switch cabinet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the energy of the echo signal of the surface acoustic wave and the scanning frequency in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a lookup table of echo energy difference and frequency difference mapping of the saw sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a measurement flow chart according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The working frequency range of the surface acoustic wave temperature sensor is 428-429 MHz, and the measured temperature range is-25-125 ℃. In the calibration process, the reader emits intermittent radio-frequency signals in a certain frequency step by step, and after the surface acoustic wave sensor receives the radio-frequency signals, the surface acoustic wave sensor performs multiple reflections inside the surface acoustic wave sensor and emits radio-frequency echo signals with a certain frequency according to the temperature condition of the resonator. The echo energy of the surface wave sensor gradually decreases with the deviation from the resonant frequency, as shown in fig. 1. During the receiving of the radio frequency echo signal, the frequency and the energy of the corresponding echo signal are detected. Establishing resonant frequency f of resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor0Echo energy E of timemaxAnd a non-resonant frequency fiEcho energy E of timeiThe relationship model of (1).
Emax-Ei＝α2(f0-fi)2+α1(f0-fi)+α0
Determining the undetermined coefficient alpha2，α1，α0. And according to the obtained fitting data, a mapping lookup table between the energy difference of the resonant frequency and the non-resonant frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor and the corresponding frequency difference is established, as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, in the temperature measurement process, the reader transmits any frequency f within the 428-429 MHz working frequency rangeiThe intermittent sinusoidal radio frequency signal. During receiving, the reader carries out digital down-conversion on the echo signals and divides the echo signals into two paths of signals, namely an I path signal and a Q path signal. And determining the magnitude of the phase angle according to the signs of the I and the Q, thereby determining the positive and negative of the frequency difference between the echo signal frequency and the resonance frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor to determine the direction of the stepping frequency.
In the specific implementation process, the step delta f of frequency scanning is determined according to the phase angle of an echo signal and a mapping lookup table between the energy difference of the resonant frequency and the non-resonant frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor and the corresponding frequency differenceiThe size and the sign of (c). Setting the frequency of the sweep to f by setting the frequency control word of the signal sourcei+Δfi. In the next frequency scanning process, the reader transmits the frequency fi+ΔfiOf the intermittent radio frequency signal. During the receiving process, whether the energy difference between the echo signal returned by the surface acoustic wave sensor and the energy when the surface acoustic wave sensor resonates is smaller than a set threshold value is detected: if the energy of the echo signal returned by the surface acoustic wave sensor and the energy difference of the surface acoustic wave sensor in resonance are larger than a set threshold value, determining a new step frequency delta f according to an established mapping lookup table between the energy difference and the frequency differencei(ii) a And if the energy difference between the echo signal returned by the surface acoustic wave sensor and the energy when the surface acoustic wave sensor resonates is smaller than the set threshold value, ending the frequency sweep. When the energy difference between the echo signal returned by the surface acoustic wave sensor and the energy when the surface acoustic wave sensor resonates is smaller than a set threshold value, multiple times of measurement are carried out at a fixed emission frequency, coherent accumulation is carried out, the signal-to-noise ratio of signals is improved, and the precision of temperature measurement is improved. And finally, calculating the real-time temperature of the monitoring point of the switch cabinet according to the fitting relation between the temperature and the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor.
The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar parts;
the terms describing positional relationships in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for quickly measuring the temperature of a switch cabinet by using surface acoustic waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing a relation model of echo energy at the resonant frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor and echo energy at the non-resonant frequency;
s2: judging the size of the echo signal frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor relative to the resonant frequency according to the phase angle of the echo signal;
s3: determining the size and the positive and the negative of the step of frequency scanning according to the phase angle of an echo signal and a mapping lookup table between the energy difference of the resonant frequency and the non-resonant frequency of the resonant type surface acoustic wave sensor and the corresponding frequency difference;
s4: if the energy difference between the detected echo signal and the energy during resonance is smaller than a preset threshold value, judging that the current scanning frequency is the resonance frequency of the current sensor; if the energy difference is larger than a preset threshold value, determining a new stepping frequency according to the established mapping lookup table between the energy difference and the frequency difference;
s5: and calculating the real-time temperature of the monitoring point of the switch cabinet through the fitting relation between the temperature and the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor.
2. The surface acoustic wave rapid measurement method for the temperature of the switch cabinet according to claim 1, wherein the echo signal is an intermittent radio frequency signal emitted by a reader in a certain frequency step by step, and after receiving the radio frequency signal, the surface acoustic wave sensor performs multiple reflections inside the surface acoustic wave sensor and emits a radio frequency echo signal with a certain frequency according to the temperature condition of the resonator.
3. The surface acoustic wave method for rapidly measuring the temperature of the switch cabinet according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the echo signal returned by the surface acoustic wave sensor is digitally down-converted to split the signal into two signals.
4. The surface acoustic wave fast measurement method for the temperature of the switch cabinet as claimed in claim 3, wherein the magnitude of the phase angle is determined by the signs of the two signal values, so as to determine the positive and negative of the frequency difference between the echo signal frequency and the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor, thereby determining the stepping frequency direction.
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| CN109682492B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-11-03 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | Frequency estimation method based on frequency domain Gaussian fitting |
| CN111076841B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-04-06 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Method and system for improving frequency sweeping efficiency of resonant acoustic surface wave temperature measurement system |
| DE102020200749A1 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-07-22 | Landis + Gyr Gmbh | Energy meter and method for recording a quantity of heat or cold |
| GB2596169B (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2022-04-27 | Tymphany Acoustic Tech Ltd | A method and an audio processing unit for detecting a tone |
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