CN109141213A - A kind of tip clearance measurement method based on microwave swept frequency - Google Patents
A kind of tip clearance measurement method based on microwave swept frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN109141213A CN109141213A CN201811047086.8A CN201811047086A CN109141213A CN 109141213 A CN109141213 A CN 109141213A CN 201811047086 A CN201811047086 A CN 201811047086A CN 109141213 A CN109141213 A CN 109141213A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
Abstract
The tip clearance measurement method based on microwave swept frequency that the present invention relates to a kind of: voltage controlled oscillator VCO exports reference signal and transmitting signal of the two-way of radio-frequency range linear frequency sweep with frequency with phase, reference signal is mixed with the reference signal that reference signal source exports by frequency mixer, mixed frequency signal filters out high frequency by low-pass filter and frequency signal, by difference frequency signal through frequency-selective network frequency-selecting, frequency-selective network output signal triggers reference instant discriminator and identifies reference instant；In addition, emit the amplified transmitting signal of signal and microwave is projected from resonator sensor to rotor axis direction by coaxial cable after circulator, circulator receives the signal reflected by vane end faces simultaneously, the signal of vane end faces reflection is amplified after circulator, radio-frequency carrier signal is filtered out in detection network later, triggering resonance moment discriminator identifies the resonance moment；Timer exports time difference data to CPU.Tip clearance high-acruracy survey under high temperature may be implemented in the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The tip clearance measurement method based on microwave swept frequency that the present invention relates to a kind of.
Background technique
The large rotating machineries such as aero-engine, combustion gas turbine are the great key equipments such as national defence aircraft, naval vessel
" heart ".Movable vane piece as its core working element, state parameter directly affect great national defence equipment operational safety and
Working efficiency.Wherein, under high temperature, high pressure and exhaust gas corrosion environment, the on-line measurement of rotating vane tip clearance parameter is to avoid
Rubbing faults occur for blade and casing, guarantee engine health and reduce engine oil consumption rate, improve compressor or turbine
The key link of efficiency.The basic principle is that sensor is mounted on rotating machinery casing, when movable vane piece rotates to sensor
When front, by measure distance of the blade tip away from sensor, thus obtain movable vane piece to casing tip clearance parameter.
On the one hand, movable vane piece tip clearance measuring system according to the working principle of sensor can be divided into optical fiber type, condenser type,
Electric vortex type and microwave type.Start movable blade work under the bad working environments environment of high temperature, high pressure and exhaust gas corrosion, movable vane piece
There are stators part, the measuring systems such as stator blade, sealing block piece to need under the conditions of extreme Service Environment and structure constraint for surrounding
Realize the measurement of tip clearance.Optical fiber type is influenced vulnerable to greasy dirt, and the service life is shorter, is not suitable for hot environment；Condenser type is in high temperature
Breakdown, while influence of its measurement accuracy vulnerable to combustion gas and fluid dielectric constant are easy under environment；Electric vortex type high temperature resistance
Difference is only applicable to the measurement of tip clearance under low temperature (500 DEG C) environment, and the influence vulnerable to blade shape, blade material.It is micro-
Waves have many advantages, such as high temperature resistant, anti-pollution, wide dynamic range, can meet the exceedingly odious work of aero-engine, combustion gas turbine
Make the measurement of tip clearance parameter under environment.
On the other hand, microwave type tip clearance measuring system is similar to short range millimetre-wave radar, and sensor drive driving circuit is logical
It crosses microwave remote sensor and emits millimeter electromagnetic wave to measurand, after which is reflected, by Conditioning Circuits of Sensor
Reception processing, the output signal of conditioning module are directly proportional to the distance between sensor and object to be measured.Traditional phase difference method
Microwave type tip clearance measuring system determines target and sensor by measurement transmitting signal and the phase difference of echo-signal
Testing distance, this method without fuzzy measurement distance within half-wavelength, measurement range is small.It is micro- based on frequency resonator sensor
Waves tip clearance measuring system, by the measurement of measurement fixed frequency point voltage and the relational implementation tip clearance in gap, but
Variation of ambient temperature can cause resonance frequency point to drift about, and measurement accuracy is greatly influenced by temperature, needs to be adjusted in real time according to environment temperature
Whole measurement frequency point.
In another aspect, the working speed of aerial engine fan is up to 15000rpm, for the whole grade leaf dish of 0.7m diameter,
Vane end faces highest works linear velocity up to 500m/s, and vane end faces thickness is generally only 2~3mm, is while meeting same
The measurement of blade multiple spot tip clearance needs, and the signal processing of Conditioning Circuits of Sensor must be completed in 2 μ s, need to ring
The subsequent conditioning circuit of sensor echo-signal short between seasonable, processing speed is fast.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides tip clearance high-acruracy survey under the conditions of a kind of realization high temperature and restricted structure
Movable vane piece tip clearance measurement method.The present invention realizes fast linear frequency sweep using high-speed voltage control oscillator, by reference signal
Reference instant is generated with the pulse signal triggering timing device after reference signal mixing and frequency-selecting, by the pulse after echo-signal detection
Signal triggering timing device generates the resonance moment, by comparing the time difference at reference instant and resonance moment, it can be achieved that tip clearance
High-acruracy survey.Measurement of the measurement method of the present invention suitable for tip clearance under high temperature, high pressure and exhaust gas corrosion environment,
It is surveyed compared to traditional phase difference method microwave type tip clearance measuring system and point frequency resonator sensor microwave type tip clearance
Amount system, measurement range is big, can meet the tip clearance measurement demand of high-speed, high precision.Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of tip clearance measurement method based on microwave swept frequency, used measuring system includes: to be fixed on movable vane piece
Neighbouring resonator sensor, coaxial cable, CPU and tip clearance circuit, which is characterized in that the tip clearance circuit packet
Include circulator, voltage controlled oscillator VCO, radio-frequency power amplifier, reference signal source, frequency mixer, low-pass filter, frequency-selective network,
Reference instant discriminator, radio frequency low-noise amplifier, detection network, resonance moment discriminator and timer, the measurement side
Method are as follows:
Voltage controlled oscillator VCO exports the two of radio-frequency range linear frequency sweep under the control of the CPU modulated voltage signal exported
Road is with frequency with the reference signal and transmitting signal of phase, wherein reference signal and the reference signal of reference signal source output are by mixing
The mixing of frequency device, mixed frequency signal filters out high frequency by low-pass filter and frequency signal, by difference frequency signal through frequency-selective network frequency-selecting, when
When difference frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of frequency-selective network, frequency-selective network output signal triggers reference instant discriminator and generates burst pulse letter
Number, to indicate reference instant；In addition, transmitting signal carries out power amplification, amplified transmitting letter by radio-frequency power amplifier
Microwave is projected from resonator sensor to rotor axis direction by coaxial cable number after circulator, while circulator is received by leaf
The signal of piece end face reflection, the signal of vane end faces reflection amplify after circulator in radio frequency low-noise amplifier, it
Radio-frequency carrier signal is filtered out in detection network afterwards, output signal triggers resonance moment discriminator and generates narrow pulse signal, with instruction
The resonance moment；
The narrow pulse signal that timer is exported by reference instant discriminator triggers, and records reference instant；It is reflected by the resonance moment
The narrow pulse signal triggering of other device output, records the resonance moment, and in real time export time difference data to CPU；
CPU is converted into tip clearance data by inquiry tip clearance calibration curve tables of data.
Preferably, the resonator sensor includes ceramic window, filled media, shell and coaxial cable, ceramic window
Piece is located at one end of shell and face blade, and coaxial cable penetrates filled media from the other end of shell and is connected to the side of shell
On face, ceramic window and filled media select permeation resistance.
Shell selection and nickel-base high-temperature alloy material similar in casing；Coaxial cable selects semi-rigid silica high temperature to penetrate
Frequency cable.
The present invention is for rotating vane tip clearance wide range, high speed, high-precision under high temperature, high pressure and exhaust gas corrosion environment
Measurement demand, have the advantage that compared with prior art
(1) the movable vane pieces tip clearance measuring system such as existing optical fiber type, condenser type, electric vortex type is overcome to can not achieve pole
The shortcomings that tip clearance measures under the conditions of end military service working environment and structure constraint, proposes a kind of microwave type movable vane piece tip clearance
Measurement method the advantages that using microwave type measuring system high temperature resistant, anti-pollution, wide dynamic range, realizes high temperature and restricted structure
Under the conditions of tip clearance high-acruracy survey.
(2) overcome traditional phase difference method tip clearance measuring system, ranging is without fuzzy ranges in radiofrequency signal half-wavelength
Within, the limited disadvantage of measuring range and put the resonance frequency point of frequency resonator sensor microwave type tip clearance measuring system with
Temperature drift, measurement frequency point need the shortcomings that adjustment in real time, propose a kind of tip clearance measurement based on frequency sweep resonant cavity principle
Method eliminates the common-mode error that voltage controlled oscillator introduces by comparing the time difference of reference instant and resonance moment, realizes larger
Tip clearance high-acruracy survey in range ability, while utilizing high-speed voltage control oscillator, igh-speed wire-rod production line circuit and high-precision
Time difference measurements circuit can meet the demand of high speed measuring of tip clearance under the conditions of slim vane, high vane end faces linear velocity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the movable vane piece tip clearance measurement scheme figure of the invention based on microwave swept frequency.
Fig. 2 shows resonant cavity type sensor schematics of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows resonant cavity type sensor reflection coefficient of the invention and changes schematic diagram with tip clearance.
Figure label explanation:: 1 is resonator sensor, and 2 be coaxial cable, and 3 be circulator, and 4 be central processing unit
(CPU), 5 be voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), and 6 be radio-frequency power amplifier, and 7 be benchmark signal source, and 8 be frequency mixer, and 9 be low pass filtered
Wave device, 10 be frequency-selective network, moment discriminator on the basis of 11, and 12 be radio frequency low-noise amplifier, and 13 be detection network, and 14 be humorous
Shake moment discriminator, and 15 be timer, and 16 be ceramic window, and 17 be filled media, and 18 be shell, and 19 be coupled structure, and 20 are
The sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 0.5mm, 21 be the sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 1mm, and 22 be leaf
The sensor reflection coefficient curve of intercuspal space 1.5mm, 23 be the sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 2mm, and 24 be blade tip
The sensor reflection coefficient curve of gap 2.5mm, 25 be the sensor reflection coefficient curve of tip clearance 3mm.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention proposes a kind of movable vane piece tip clearance measuring system based on microwave swept frequency working method, as shown in Figure 1,
It include: resonator sensor 1, coaxial cable 2, circulator 3, central processing unit (CPU) 4, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5, radio frequency function
Rate amplifier 6, reference signal source 7, frequency mixer 8, low-pass filter 9, frequency-selective network 10, reference instant discriminator 11, radio frequency is low
Noise amplifier 12, detection network 13, resonance moment discriminator 14, timer 15.
Central processing unit (CPU) 4 generates sawtooth wave or the voltage signal of triangular modulation controls voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5
Realize that linear rapid frequency-sweeping, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5 are high-speed voltage control oscillator, the response time in picosecond, exports rf wave
The two-way of section linear frequency sweep is with frequency with the reference signal of phase and transmitting signal, wherein what reference signal and reference signal source 7 exported
Reference signal is mixed by frequency mixer 8, mixed frequency signal filters out high frequency by low-pass filter 9 and frequency signal, by difference frequency signal
10 frequency-selecting of frequency-selective network through high q-factor, when difference frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of frequency-selective network 10,10 output signal of frequency-selective network
It triggers reference instant discriminator 11 and generates narrow pulse signal, to indicate reference instant；In addition, transmitting signal is put by radio-frequency power
Big device 6 carries out power amplification, and amplified transmitting signal is micro- on casing by being mounted on by coaxial cable 2 after circulator 3
Wave resonance cavity sensor 1 projects microwave to rotor axis direction, while circulator 3 receives the signal reflected by vane end faces, blade
The signal of end face reflection amplifies after circulator 3 in radio frequency low-noise amplifier 12, filters out later in detection network 13
Radio-frequency carrier signal, output signal triggers resonance moment discriminator 14 and generates narrow pulse signal, to indicate the resonance moment；Centre
Reason device (CPU) 4 controls the record reference instant of timer 15 and resonance moment, timer 15 are exported by reference instant discriminator 11
Narrow pulse signal triggering records reference instant, while the narrow pulse signal exported by resonance moment discriminator 14 triggers, and records humorous
It shakes the moment, the time difference at calculating benchmark moment and resonance moment in real time exports time difference data to central processing unit (CPU) 4,
Central processing unit (CPU) 4 is converted into tip clearance data by inquiry tip clearance calibration curve tables of data in real time；
Timer 15 uses time-to-digital converter technology (TDC), such as vernier method, interpolation method, tapped delay collimation method or difference
Divide delay collimation method etc., the time interval between beginning timing markers point and stopping timing markers point is converted to the time of digital quantity
Interval data output, time interval measurement precision meet tip clearance high-speed, high precision measurement request in picosecond.
Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5 is affected by temperature the radio frequency signal frequency under identical control voltage and drifts about, and passes through meter
The time difference for calculating reference instant and resonance moment can eliminate the common-mode error of frequency drift introducing.
As shown in Fig. 2, the structure of resonator sensor 1 includes ceramic window 16, filled media 17, shell 18, coupling knot
Structure 19 and coaxial cable 2.Ceramic window 16 and filled media 17 select permeation resistance, such as aluminium oxide, silicon nitride, silica
Deng；The selection of shell 18 and nickel-base high-temperature alloy material similar in engine crankcase, as (line is swollen for Inconel718 nickel base superalloy
Swollen coefficient is 11.8 × 10-6/ DEG C), GH600 high temperature alloy etc.；Coupled structure 19 can be magnetic coupling arrangement or electric coupling structure
Form；Coaxial cable 2 selects semi-rigid silica high temperature radio frequency cable, and heatproof is up to 600 DEG C.The spy of resonator sensor 1
Head and the metal material measured target of its open port face constitute resonant cavity, and tip clearance changes the resonance that can cause resonant cavity
Frequency point variation.
As shown in figure 3, circulator 3 is received when the transmitting signal frequency sweep of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5 is to resonance frequency point
Vane end faces reflect that signal is stronger, and when the transmitting signal frequency sweep of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 5 is to disresonance frequency point, circulator 3 is connect
The vane end faces reflection signal that can not receive.
For example, reference signal source 7 is set as 23.5GHz, central processing unit (CPU) 4 controls voltage controlled oscillator 5 from 23GHz-
25Hz frequency sweep, voltage controlled oscillator 5 export reference signal and transmitting signal, reference signal and reference signal source of the two-way with frequency with phase
The 23.5GHz signal of 7 outputs is mixed by frequency mixer 8, and the signal for being mixed out is the sum with both frequency signal and difference frequency signal,
Low-pass filter 9 can filter out high frequency and frequency signal, and frequency-selective network 10 frequency-selecting of the difference frequency signal through high q-factor, when frequency sweep arrives
When 23.5GHz, 10 output signal of frequency-selective network triggers reference instant discriminator 11 and generates narrow pulse signal, is input to timer；
In addition, transmitting signal after circulator 3 by after 6 power amplification of radio-frequency power amplifier, passing through coaxial cable 2 by being mounted on machine
Microwave resonant cavity sensor 1 on casket projects microwave to rotor axis direction, it is assumed that current tip clearance is 3mm, by Fig. 3, when sweeping
When frequency arrives 23.75GHz, circulator 3 can receive the signal reflected by vane end faces, amplify through radio frequency low-noise amplifier 12,
Detection network 13 filters out radio-frequency carrier 23.75GHz signal, and output signal triggers resonance moment discriminator 14 and generates burst pulse letter
Number, it is also fed to timer 15, timer 15 is under the control of central processing unit (CPU) 4, calculating benchmark moment and resonance moment
Time difference, be returned to central processing unit (CPU) 4, central processing unit (CPU) 4 is converted into tip clearance by tabling look-up in real time
Value.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of tip clearance measurement method based on microwave swept frequency, used measuring system includes: that be fixed on movable vane piece attached
Close resonator sensor, coaxial cable, CPU and tip clearance circuit, which is characterized in that the tip clearance circuit includes
Circulator, voltage controlled oscillator VCO, radio-frequency power amplifier, reference signal source, frequency mixer, low-pass filter, frequency-selective network, base
It is punctual to carve discriminator, radio frequency low-noise amplifier, detection network, resonance moment discriminator and timer, the measurement method
Are as follows:
The two-way that voltage controlled oscillator VCO exports radio-frequency range linear frequency sweep under the control of the CPU modulated voltage signal exported is same
Reference signal and transmitting signal of the frequency with phase, wherein reference signal and the reference signal of reference signal source output pass through frequency mixer
Mixing, mixed frequency signal filters out high frequency by low-pass filter and frequency signal work as difference frequency by difference frequency signal through frequency-selective network frequency-selecting
When consistent with the resonance frequency of frequency-selective network, frequency-selective network output signal triggers reference instant discriminator and generates narrow pulse signal,
To indicate reference instant；In addition, transmitting signal carries out power amplification, amplified transmitting signal warp by radio-frequency power amplifier
Microwave is projected from resonator sensor to rotor axis direction by coaxial cable after circulator, while circulator is received by blade end
The signal of face reflection, the signal of vane end faces reflection amplify, Zhi Hou after circulator in radio frequency low-noise amplifier
Detection network filters out radio-frequency carrier signal, and output signal triggers resonance moment discriminator and generates narrow pulse signal, to indicate resonance
Moment；
The narrow pulse signal that timer is exported by reference instant discriminator triggers, and records reference instant；By resonance moment discriminator
The narrow pulse signal of output triggers, and records the resonance moment, and in real time export time difference data to CPU；
CPU is converted into tip clearance data by inquiry tip clearance calibration curve tables of data.
2. tip clearance measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the resonator sensor includes pottery
Porcelain window, filled media, shell and coaxial cable, ceramic window are located at one end of shell and face blade, and coaxial cable is from shell
The other end of body penetrates filled media and is connected on the side of shell, and ceramic window and filled media select permeation resistance.
3. tip clearance measurement method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that shell selection with it is Ni-based similar in casing
High-temperature alloy material；Coaxial cable selects semi-rigid silica high temperature radio frequency cable.
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| CN110285748A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-27 | 天津大学 | Tip clearance calibration measuring system and method based on shrouded blade coupling feature |
| CN111006873A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-14 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Method and device for acquiring peak value in blade tip clearance signal processing process |
| CN111220101A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-02 | 天津大学 | Rotor and stator axial clearance online measurement method and device based on microwaves |
| CN111830815A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-27 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Time-to-digital converter device |
| CN112224446A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-15 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | High-speed coaxial dual-rotor blade tip distance measuring method based on phase distance measuring principle |
| CN112414314A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Method and device for measuring engine blade tip clearance by three-beam laser interferometry |
| CN115824026A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-03-21 | 南方科技大学 | Differential resonant cavity displacement sensing system |
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| CN111830815A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-27 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Time-to-digital converter device |
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| CN110285748A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-27 | 天津大学 | Tip clearance calibration measuring system and method based on shrouded blade coupling feature |
| CN110285748B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-03-22 | 天津大学 | Tip clearance calibration measurement system and method based on coupling characteristics of shrouded blades |
| CN111006873A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-14 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Method and device for acquiring peak value in blade tip clearance signal processing process |
| CN111006873B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Method and device for acquiring peak value in blade tip clearance signal processing process |
| CN111220101A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-02 | 天津大学 | Rotor and stator axial clearance online measurement method and device based on microwaves |
| CN111220101B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-07-27 | 天津大学 | Rotor and stator axial clearance online measurement method and device based on microwaves |
| CN112224446A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-15 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | High-speed coaxial dual-rotor blade tip distance measuring method based on phase distance measuring principle |
| CN112414314A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Method and device for measuring engine blade tip clearance by three-beam laser interferometry |
| CN115824026A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-03-21 | 南方科技大学 | Differential resonant cavity displacement sensing system |
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