CN208200769U - A kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device, which includes vertical in-vessel composting system, heat exchanger and biofilter, and vertical in-vessel composting system top is connect with conveying device, and bottom is connect with discharging device；It is connect with heat exchanger bottom by tail gas output channel at the top of vertical in-vessel composting system, the first blower is additionally provided on tail gas output channel；The top of discharging device is equipped with ventilation shaft in vertical in-vessel composting system, and ventilation shaft is equipped with third blower and heat pump, and is connected with heat exchanger top；Condensing water conduit is additionally provided between heat pump and heat exchanger；It is connect by exhaust emission pipeline with biofilter at the top of heat exchanger, exhaust emission pipeline is equipped with the second blower；Vertical in-vessel composting system inner upper is equipped with agitating device, and heat exchanger bottom is equipped with discharge outlet；The utility model can substantially reduce compost land occupation land area, reduce padding use and secondary pollution, while shortening the heating-up time and accelerating composting process, reduce energy consumption, reduce cost.

Description

A kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device

Technical field

This application involves agricultural environments to administer field, especially a kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device.

Background technique

Since reform and opening-up in 1978, livestock and poultry breeding industry especially large-scale cultivation industry in China's is rapidly developed.According to system Meter, the animal husbandry gross output value account for the specific gravity of the general production value of agriculture by 1978 14.96% be increased to 2011 31.70%.Cultivation While the large-scale development of field, increasing sharply for feces of livestock and poultry yield is also brought, it is estimated that China's feces of livestock and poultry yield It has been more than 1,400,000,000 tons in 1980,35.27 hundred million tons has been reached in 2014, and will be further with the increase of livestock and poultry cultivation amount And it increases sharply.It expects the year two thousand twenty China feces of livestock and poultry total amount and is up to 42.4 hundred million tons.At the same time, first time national face source It is respectively 40%, 50% and 60% that investigation of pollution sources, which shows that the nitrogen phosphorus and COD amount that are discharged by aquaculture account for face source emission total amount, this table Bright aquaculture waste discharge, it has also become the maximum pollution sources of agricultural non-point source pollution.

Be reduce cultivation waste to pollution risk caused by environment, since the 1990s, cultivation supervisor with And environmental protection administration requires to change collecting dung mode, water punching circle is changed to dry cleaning up excrement, to reduce sewage yield, the excrement of collection By compost treatment, innoxious and bagging, Fertilizer Transformed are realized.But it is many in recent years as labor cost improves and technological progress Manually dry cleaning up excrement mode has gradually been abandoned by more farms, especially pig farm or vaccary, and be changed to leakage dropping-board+machinery scrape excrement or Direct machinery is scraped the modes such as excrement and is collected, and to improve collection efficiency, therefore causes collected excrement in fecaluria admixture, collected The general water content of mixture reach 80% or so, it is difficult to separation of solid and liquid separately handles solid with liquid, and direct compost, again Because compost matter water content is too high, it is difficult to be completed by conventional compostation technology.

Equally, in agricultural production, as the vegetables place of production is concentrated, vegetables largely concentrate picking, can also generate a large amount of height and contain The vegetables residuum of water, using common compost mode, it is also difficult to direct compost treatment.

In recent years, the composting technology that a kind of outdoor fermentation bed type is developed by deep layer padding technology, is adjusted by a large amount of paddings Waste water content carries out aerobic compost, and which cost of investment is low, easy to operate, easy to spread, but there is also occupied areas Greatly, dunnage requirements are more, and easily cause secondary pollution, such as the problems such as emission intensity.

" consumer garbage compost processing technique the specification " (CJJ issued by People's Republic of China's house and town and country construction portion 52-2014) and the standards such as Jiangxi Province's provincial standard " pig manure regulations for technical operation " (DB36 T 836-2015), generally During High-Temperature Composting requires material moisture not more than 65%, is advisable with 45-60%, for high moisture material, using conventional heap Fertile method, needs to add dry or low water content organic materials as conditioner, by the adjusting of final water content to 65% hereinafter, This not only needs a large amount of conditioners, increases compost material quantity, increases investment, also increases fertilizer because a large amount of conditioners are added Production cost, this makes high moisture material use During High-Temperature Composting mode, not only at high cost and difficult by conditioner source, and is difficult to reality Border operation.

Silo-type compost reactor system is a kind of novel enclosed compost reactor that developed recently gets up, and is vertical Structure has stirring system, aerating system and odor treating device.Uniformly mixed material is transported to hair by feeding funnel daily In ferment storehouse, agitating device mixes the composting material being newly added on silo top.Ventilating system is blasted from silo bottom into windrow Air, the top that the foul smell generated in Composting Process is unified in silo are collected processing, and the composting cycle of this reactor is 10d.Small with occupied area, fermentation calefaction is fast, and fermentation period is short, and automatic and mechanical degree is high, and processing amount of waste is big, and energy Many advantages, such as foul smell concentration is handled.

Chinese superfine (the document: influence of the silo-type compost reactor difference ventilation quantity to compost effect, environment work of agricultural university marquis Journey journal 2017,11(8): 4737-4742), a kind of silo-type compost reactor is devised, progress moisture content is 70% chicken manure heap Fertilizer test, the results showed that, by adjusting reasonable ventilation quantity, Rapid Fermentation may be implemented.Beijing Normal University Wang Xu plum etc. (document: The aqueous vapor research of storehouse formula static state continuous aerobic composting zymotechnique, 2009 41(11 of Harbin Institute of Technology's journal): 288- 292) moisture systematically, is had studied to whole by establishing water balance system using storehouse formula static state continuous aerobic composting zymotechnique The influence of a zymotechnique has shown that formula static state continuous aerobic composting fermentation in storehouse has simple process, and heat exchange is fast, aqueous vapor evaporation Measure the conclusion of the features such as big;Fermentation temperature is maintained at 65 DEG C or so during aerobic composting fermentation, water content control 45~ 55% is conducive to organic matter degradation, and garbage compost can be decomposed in 40~50d.But further analysis can still be found, using existing cylinder The defects of storehouse formula composting device, there is the compost time is long, and energy consumption is high, (compared with other composting technologies, not only needs to stir, also Want forced ventilation and additional electric heating simultaneously).

The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN206767951U discloses a kind of solar energy consumer garbage compost processing equipment, In-vessel composting system outer wall is provided with two layers, interior storehouse is in-vessel composting system, is filling conductive fluid in outer storehouse and in-vessel composting system between storehouse, conductive fluid is logical Piping is connected to solar heat collector, and is mounted with electric heater, and to heat to conductive fluid, the outer storehouse package of in-vessel composting system is heat-insulated Material layer, the method that this method is combined by solar energy with electric energy accelerate course of fermentation to improve material fermentation temperature；It is public The number of opening is the Chinese patent of CN205295180U, discloses a kind of compost fermentation device, which is to improve winter fermentation temperature, The heat that hot stove generates is brought into fermentation cabin using air blower, guarantees the temperature of fermentation, extends fermentation period；Publication No. The Chinese patent of CN205061908U discloses a kind of aerobic composting device, which designs supporting mechanism in reaction warehouse bottom, Rabbling mechanism upper end is connect with reaction warehouse, and bottom end is flexibly connected with supporting mechanism, and filter mechanism is arranged under supporting mechanism, filtering Below mechanism, setting oxygen supply mechanism is simultaneously connect with reaction warehouse；The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN106977241A, discloses one kind Aerobic compost reactor, compost tank body outer wall be equipped with water-bath collet, tank body equipped with pH sensor, oxygen sensor, Temperature sensor and moisture transducer control machine by control monitoring modular control stirring motor, water-bath collet and inlet charge Structure, to improve composting efficiency；A kind of patent of the automatically-controlled door compost pool device of solar energy of Publication No. CN105906396A, wherein It refers to installation solar panels, using photovoltaic power generation technology, compost case is heated, to improve the composting efficiency of compost case.

Compost temperature can be improved by way of external source electric heating or solar energy heating in above-mentioned patented technology, accelerates Composting process, but equally exist the high problem of energy consumption.Therefore, how while solving the problems, such as high humidity organic materials high-rate composting Reduce energy consumption in compost, it has also become urgent technical problem to be solved in the field.

Utility model content

In view of the above-mentioned problems, this application provides a kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device and its compost method, with Energy consumption in compost is reduced, which is achieved in that

A kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device, including vertical in-vessel composting system, heat exchanger and biofilter；Vertical heap The top Fei Cang is connect with conveying device, and bottom is connect with discharging device；Pass through tail with heat exchanger bottom at the top of vertical in-vessel composting system Gas output channel connects, and is additionally provided with the first blower on tail gas output channel；The top of discharging device is equipped with logical in vertical in-vessel composting system Air piping, is successively arranged third blower and heat pump on ventilation shaft, and be connected at the top of heat exchanger；Heat pump and heat exchanger it Between be additionally provided with condensing water conduit；It is connect by exhaust emission pipeline with biofilter at the top of heat exchanger, on exhaust emission pipeline Equipped with the second blower；The vertical in-vessel composting system inner upper is equipped with agitating device, and heat exchanger bottom is equipped with discharge outlet.

Further, in a kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device provided by the utility model, the vertical compost Storehouse refers to the cylindrical structure for being greater than 1 making ratio of height to diameter made of the welding of preservative treatment steel plate or enamelled pressed steel, vertical in-vessel composting system Bottom is also equipped with the drainage pipeline with control valve, discharges the leaching water generated in compost.

Further, in a kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device provided by the utility model, the heat exchanger Refer to a closed column barrel, the surrounding of bucket makees isothermal holding, is equipped with pipeline in spiral shape in bucket, and pipeline is from heat exchange Device bottom introduces, and from Base top contact, a control valve is connected at pipeline lowest part introducing, for the condensation in discharge tube Water；Respectively stay an Inlet and outlet water interface on the upper and lower parts of heat exchanger and corresponding wall, so as to heat pump intake-outlet phase Connection, bucket are provided with clean water.

Further, in a kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device provided by the utility model, the heat pump refers to The device of heat exchanging pipe and compressor is installed, drier is installed at heat pump air inlet.By heat exchanger input heat pump Gas of the hot water through the heating input of heat pump heat exchanging pipe, while further being added low temperature heat energies a large amount of in air using compressor The gas of heat input makes heat pump export relatively stable 35~50 DEG C and dry hot wind.

Further, in a kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device provided by the utility model, the agitating device, Refer to the helix(ribbon type) agitator that a kind of revolving speed is adjustable and realizes material level and moves in downward direction, blender is by stainless steel or tool Anti-corrosion, anti abrasive steel are made, preferably helix(ribbon type) agitator.

The application additionally provides the application mode of the livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device simultaneously, and specific steps are such as Under:

1) waste for being 80~94% by the water content being discharged by livestock and poultry farm is first lower than 30% material with water content (such as air-dry and be crushed to the stalk of 5cm length perhaps rice husk, sawdust organic waste or matured compost etc.) mixing, is adjusted Material moisture is 70~75% after section mixing, is input to vertical in-vessel composting system by vertical in-vessel composting system top through feeding device, material exists It is upper inside vertical in-vessel composting system to pass through agitating device from lower, material is discharged by discharging device, that is, completes that material is innoxious and material It is dehydrated to 50% following procedure of water content.

2) tail gas with water vapour that compost generates in vertical in-vessel composting system is by three-dimensional compost the top of the warehouse through the first blower edge Tail gas output channel is input to heat exchanger bottom, and heat is switched in the water body in heat exchanger in composting tail gas, heating Water body forms warm water, and after heat exchanger exchanges, temperature reduces tail gas, and the condensed water of formation is discharged from heat exchanger bottom, gas Body then carries out deodorization processing by being input to biofilter along exhaust emission pipeline through the second blower at the top of heat exchanger；

3) warm water formed in a heat exchanger, through heat pump, (heat pump is also a kind of heat exchanger, and heat in warm water is exchanged Into air, hot wind is formed, hot wind is passed through vertical in-vessel composting system along ventilation shaft by third blower, to supply compost material moisture Oxygen required for heat required for evaporating and compost, the cold water formed after being exchanged by heat pump are recycled by condensing water conduit again Into the water body of heat exchanger, the metabolic heat and composting tail gas heat recovery and heat pump that are generated by compost material biodegrade Acting heat production, through 5~7 days During High-Temperature Compostings, realizes material quick dewatering drying to keep maintaining 50~65 DEG C in in-vessel composting system, And reach innoxious index required by " feces of livestock and poultry innoxious process for treating specification " (NY/T1168-2006) standard.

In the utility model, step 1) mixed material water content is set as 70%-75% than conventional compostation material (65% or less) Height is that can accelerate to dehydrate because using external heat, and used fermentation fever to recycle mode simultaneously, stirs With force ventilated mode, and divulge information unsmooth obstacle caused by reducing due to material moisture height.It is main in practical operation According to material physical behavior and design different water content, as chicken, pig manure because material particles partial size it is smaller, and easily use 70% Water content, and cow manure particle is thicker, easily stirring and ventilation, therefore the water content material higher than 70% can be used, and is adjusted with reducing Agent usage amount is managed, in-vessel composting system utilization efficiency is improved.

In addition, this patent is equally applicable to other high humidity organic materials compost or other container composting modes.

Advantage of the technology indicators of overall performance of the utility model compared with similar technique is: relative to outdoor fermentation bed Formula composting mode can substantially reduce compost land occupation land area, reduce padding usage amount, and can reduce secondary pollution, realize fast The controllable compost of speed；Compared with common silo-type composting mode, by the way of external heat, the heating-up time can be shortened and accelerated Composting process can reduce energy consumption, reduce cost if reaching identical drying effect.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is embodiment livestock and poultry cultivation waste energy conservation Quick composting device schematic diagram.

Wherein: 1, vertical in-vessel composting system；2, heat exchanger；3, biofilter；4, feeding device；5, discharging device；6, tail gas Output channel；7, the first blower；8, ventilation shaft；9, third blower；10, heat pump；11, exhaust emission pipeline；12, the second wind Machine；13, agitating device；14, discharge outlet；15, condensing water conduit.

Specific embodiment

Device involved in embodiment is commercial product, in which:

Heat exchanger manufacturing enterprise: Jingjiang Hong Neng Air Conditioner Equipment Co., Ltd；

Heat pump: Dezhou Rui Shen Air Conditioner Equipment Co., Ltd；

Helix(ribbon type) agitator: Wuxi new strong mixing equipment Co., Ltd；

Biofilter: the scientific and technological share of Shandong Lv Quan environmental protection is limited；

The production of the said goods enterprise is there are many model, device described in the utility model, can be according to requiring selection different shaped Number corollary equipment, can also require enterprise's approved product as needed.

Embodiment 1

A kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device, including vertical in-vessel composting system 1, heat exchanger 2 and biofilter 3；It is vertical 1 top of formula in-vessel composting system is connect with conveying device 4, and bottom is connect with discharging device 5；Vertical 1 top of in-vessel composting system and 2 bottom of heat exchanger Portion is connected by tail gas output channel 6, is additionally provided with the first blower 7 on tail gas efferent duct 6；Discharging device 5 in vertical in-vessel composting system 1 Top is equipped with ventilation shaft 8, and third blower 9 and heat pump 10 are successively arranged on ventilation shaft 8, and ventilation shaft 8 and heat exchanger 2 push up Portion is connected；Condensing water conduit 15 is additionally provided between heat pump 10 and heat exchanger 2；2 top of heat exchanger also passes through tail gas discharging pipe Road 11 is connect with biofilter 3, and the second blower 12 is additionally provided on exhaust emission pipeline 11；1 inner upper of vertical in-vessel composting system Helix(ribbon type) agitator is used equipped with agitating device 13(the present embodiment), heat exchanger bottom is equipped with discharge outlet 14；

In the present embodiment, vertical 1 bottom of in-vessel composting system is also equipped with the drainage pipeline with control valve, generates in discharge compost Leaching water.

Above-mentioned apparatus compost application method is as follows:

1, the pig farm that breeding stock is 500, day arrange the waste that 3 tons of water content are 80% or so, add 0.75 ton of water content 30% matured compost, adjusting moisture is 70% or so (in concrete application, adjustable moisture content is 70~75%)；It is filled through charging Set 4 and vertical in-vessel composting system 1 be input to by vertical 1 top of in-vessel composting system, material inside the vertical in-vessel composting system on from lower pass through agitating device 13, material is discharged by discharging device 5, i.e. completion material harmless treatment, while material dewatering is to 50% or less mistake of water content Journey.

Matured compost used in the present embodiment starts 10 days, is the corruption formed in advance with the pig manure composting that dry cleaning up excrement obtains Ripe material, specific preparation method are to do the obtained pig manure of cleaning up excrement, and airing 1-2 days under the sun makes pig manure water content by 75% left side Bottom right drops to 65% hereinafter, using strip style composting mode, and heap is 1.5 meters high, During High-Temperature Composting 20d, at interval of one week, artificial turning Once, then, by 2.5~3.0 meters of material accumulation height, static after-ripening compost 30 days, the corruption of water content 30% or so obtained Ripe compost material.

After embodiment 10 days, that is, the material through vertical composting device fermenting and producing is used, then formed after static-stack rot 30% or so matured compost of water content.

In the specific implementation process, the matured compost of other usual manners acquisition also can be used, or air-dry and crush The moisture content of mixed material is reconciled to the organic wastes such as the stalk or rice husk of 5cm length, sawdust.

The tail gas with water vapour that composting process generates in vertical in-vessel composting system 1 is by three-dimensional 1 top of in-vessel composting system through the first wind Machine 7 is input to 2 bottom of heat exchanger along tail gas output channel 6, and heat is switched to the water body in heat exchanger 2 in composting tail gas In, water body is heated, warm water is formed；After the exchange of heat exchanger 2, temperature reduces tail gas, and the condensed water of formation is from 2 bottom of heat exchanger Portion's discharge outlet 14 is discharged, and gas is then by being input to biofilter along exhaust emission pipeline 11 through the second blower 12 at the top of heat exchanger 3 carry out deodorization processing.

2, the warm water formed in heat exchanger 2 exchanges to heat in warm water in air through heat pump 10, forms hot wind, Hot wind is inputted in vertical in-vessel composting system 1 by third blower 9 along ventilation shaft 8, to supply required for the evaporation of compost material moisture Oxygen required for heat and compost, the cold water after being exchanged by heat pump 10 pass through condensing water conduit 15 again and are recycled to heat exchanger 2 In water body, metabolic heat and composting tail gas heat recovery and heat pump the acting heat production generated by compost material biodegrade, with It keeps maintaining 50~65 DEG C in in-vessel composting system, through 5~7 days During High-Temperature Compostings, realizes material quick dewatering drying.

In the present embodiment, vertical in-vessel composting system 1 is assembled into the high 4.5m of diameter 4m, tank, total measurement (volume) 56.5m using enamelled pressed steel³； 10 power of heat pump is 10kw, volume of air supply 800m³/h；2 volume of heat exchanger is 2m³；Feeding device 4 is the charging of hoisting type bucket, mixing It after material afterwards enters fermentation cabin, fermented through 5 days, upper layer temperature reaches 70 DEG C, and middle layer temperature is 65 DEG C, and temperature is 50 when discharging DEG C, water content 48% is discharged by discharging device 5, is detected, and discharging reaches " feces of livestock and poultry innoxious process for treating specification " (NY/T1168-2006) innoxious index required by standard.

Heat pump 10 is persistently opened in composting process, according to the heat and environment temperature required supplementation with, actual consumption function It is fluctuated between 2-8kw, 3 continuous service of biofilter；The present embodiment device continuous service 20d, daily evaporated water are 1.86 tons, Electricity consumption is 120kwh, and using heat exchanger 2 and heat pump 10, relative evaporation thermal energy, final energy conversion efficiency reaches 1:4~5, Compared with general silo-type compost, 30% or more energy consumption is reduced.

Wherein, the application energy conversion efficiency calculation method can be found in following document: Zhang Huajun, Chen Wei, Li Yong air-source Teat pump boiler research and development prospect, air source hot pump water heater special topic [M] .2007, China Reconstructs's information heating and refrigerating； Or, the development of the soil source heat pump such as Fan Pingping, Duan Mulin, Wang Xuelong and present Research [J] coal gas and heating power, 2005,25 (10): 66 ~ 70；And the remote solar auxiliary air source heat pump of Tao Si is used for the research of methane-generating pit heating, Shuo Shiyan for system Study carefully raw paper, Tongji University, 2013.

General silo-type compost energy consumption is referring to document: the silo-types compost reactor difference ventilation quantity pair such as Hou Chao, Li Yongbin The influence of compost effect, environmental project journal 2017,11(8): 4737-4742；And Wang Xumei, Wei Zimin, king's generation are closed a position The aqueous vapor research of formula static state continuous aerobic composting zymotechnique, 2009 41(11 of Harbin Institute of Technology's journal): 288-292.

Embodiment 2

Somewhere breeding stock is 200 cattle farms, by the way of artificial cleaning up excrement, institute's cleaning up excrement just water content 84% or so, Daily yield is about 5000 kilograms.

In the present embodiment, vertical in-vessel composting system 1 is assembled into the high 5.0m of diameter 4.6m, tank, total measurement (volume) 83m using enamelled pressed steel³； 10 power of heat pump is 10kw, volume of air supply 900m³/h；2 volume of heat exchanger is 2m³；Feeding device 4 is the charging of hoisting type bucket, other It is arranged with embodiment 1.

In the present embodiment, divided by lower part, compost method is also same as Example 1:

Compost starts latter first 10 days, adds 750 public affairs of straw for air-drying (water content 15%) and being crushed to 5 centimeters or so length Jin, is mixed to form the material of water content about 75% or so, then, enters vertical in-vessel composting system by feeding device, carries out high temperature hair Ferment, after compost starts 10 days, using the decomposed cow manure of 30% or so normal fermentation of water content as the conditioning for adjusting moisture Agent, additive amount are 1000 kilograms.

After running 20d, the present embodiment parameter is as follows:

It after mixed material enters fermentation cabin, fermented through 5 days, upper layer temperature reaches 75 DEG C, and middle layer temperature is 65 DEG C, out Temperature is 55 DEG C when material, and water content 46% is discharged by discharging device, is detected, and discharging reaches " feces of livestock and poultry harmless treatment Technical specification " innoxious index required by (NY/T1168-2006) standard.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and And without departing substantially from the spirit or essential attributes of the utility model, it can realize that this is practical new in other specific forms Type.Therefore, in all respects, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, this is practical new The range of type is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, it is intended that containing for the equivalent requirements of the claims will be fallen in All changes in justice and range are embraced therein.It should not treat any reference in the claims as limiting Related claim.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device, including vertical in-vessel composting system, which is characterized in that the composting device further includes Heat exchanger and biofilter；Vertical in-vessel composting system top is connect with conveying device, and bottom is connect with discharging device；Vertical in-vessel composting system Top is connect with heat exchanger bottom by tail gas output channel, and the first blower is additionally provided on tail gas output channel；Vertical compost The top of discharging device is equipped with ventilation shaft in storehouse, is successively arranged third blower and heat pump, and and heat exchanger on ventilation shaft Top is connected；Condensing water conduit is additionally provided between heat pump and heat exchanger；Pass through exhaust emission pipeline and life at the top of heat exchanger The connection of object filter tank, exhaust emission pipeline are equipped with the second blower；The vertical in-vessel composting system inner upper is equipped with agitating device, and heat is handed over Parallel operation bottom is equipped with discharge outlet.

2. livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the agitating device is ribbon Formula blender.

3. livestock and poultry feces energy conservation Quick composting device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vertical in-vessel composting system is height For diameter than the cylindrical structure greater than 1, vertical in-vessel composting system bottom is also equipped with the drainage pipeline with control valve.