CN207889239U - Hf焊接的工具、焊接膜的系统、生产医用袋的系统以及袋子 - Google Patents

Hf焊接的工具、焊接膜的系统、生产医用袋的系统以及袋子 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN207889239U
CN207889239U CN201721341431.XU CN201721341431U CN207889239U CN 207889239 U CN207889239 U CN 207889239U CN 201721341431 U CN201721341431 U CN 201721341431U CN 207889239 U CN207889239 U CN 207889239U
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Prior art keywords
tool
welding
conductive layer
tool according
welding substrate
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English (en)
Inventor
诺道夫·贝尔格
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Kiefel GmbH
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Kiefel GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121—Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81262—Electrical and dielectric properties, e.g. electrical conductivity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8188—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical conducting constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81881—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/8511—Bag making machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/02—Machines characterised by the incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65B3/02—Machines characterised by the incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65B5/00—Packaging individual articles in containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, jars
    • B65B5/02—Machines characterised by incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles
    • B65B5/022—Machines characterised by incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles for making bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/28—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in composite wrappers, i.e. wrappers formed by associating or interconnecting two or more sheets or blanks
    • B65D75/30—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/8183—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal conducting constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81831—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws
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    • B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及HF焊接方法和HF焊接设备的各个方面，并涉及通过HF焊接方法而生产的袋子。在用于HF焊接的工具中，提出工具由导电层补充，除了其他优势外，其使得焊接连接的质量、尤其是特别薄的膜的焊接连接的质量得到了显著的改善。

Description

HF焊接的工具、焊接膜的系统、生产医用袋的系统以及袋子
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种用于HF焊接的工具、一种用于焊接膜的系统、一种用于生产医用袋的系统以及一种袋子。
背景技术
高频焊接(HF焊接)是一种焊接技术，其中高频电能被引入到互配零件的区域中，使得该区域被加热，并将互配零件焊接在一起。
HF焊接工艺通常用于将膜焊接在一起以形成气密(airtight)或防水的(watertight)袋子或软管。
HF焊接的重要环节是互配零件的高频加热，或者总体来说，是物品 (good)的高频加热。
在大多电绝缘的基本上平面的物品的高频加热中，该物品作为电介质被引入两个工具夹(以下称为顶部工具和下部工具)之间。通过在顶部工具和下部工具之间施加高频交流电压，使物品暴露于交变电场，并且由于电介质损耗而被加热(电介质加热(dielectricheating))。
由于加热，待焊接的互配零件在熔融状态下软化并熔合在一起。当能量输入结束时，互配零件冷却、固化并于此时被焊接在一起。所得到的焊接非常稳定。特别地，其可能是防水的。
电力上，由工具夹和物品所组成的布局(arrangement)构成了有损电容器(lossycapacitor)，其中物品作为电介质。可以被测量的该装置的输入阻抗具有实部和虚部。虚部与实部的比，被称为电容器的品质因数(quality factor)，其确定物品的电介质加热能力：品质因素越高，物品中电介质关于交变电场功率的损失比例越低，并且电介质加热能力越低。
例如，通过电源阻抗为50Ω的电压源来提供通过电容器的AC电压。在电压源和电容器之间设置匹配网络(matching network)。该匹配网络将电压源的电源阻抗(sourceimpedance)转化为电容器(condenser)的有效电源阻抗。电容器上AC电压的电功率越是有效地被转化为物品的电介质加热，则有效电源阻抗与输入阻抗的复共轭(complexconjugate)便匹配得越准确。
除了物品以外，匹配网络也有损失。该装置的输入阻抗的实部越小，则匹配网络中关于通过电压源提供的AC电压功率的损失比例越高。对于给定的表面积，基本上平面的物品越薄，则输入阻抗越小，特别是其实部会越小：当待加热的物品较薄时，这会不利地导致匹配网络中较高的损失比例。
因此，高品质因数(输入阻抗的高虚部与相对较低的实部)以及高虚部本身，都对电压源的电功率可以转化为物品的电介质加热的效率产生负面影响。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是提供对现有技术的改进或替代方案。
根据本实用新型的第一方面，该目的通过一种用于HF焊接两个膜的工具来实现，该工具具有顶部工具、下部工具和焊接基板，其中顶部工具和下部工具体现为电极，该工具具有导电层，并且所述导电层通过焊接基板至少部分地与下部工具相分离。
下面对术语的使用进行说明：
首先需要指出的是，在本专利申请的范围内，除非从相关语境中可以明确推断出或者对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的或技术上是必然的，此时可以仅表示“正好一个...”、“正好两个...”等，否则，文中的“一种/一个”、“两个”等不定冠词和数字通常应当理解为“至少”，即“至少一个...”、“至少两个...”等。
术语“焊接”具体被定义为：通过施加热和/或压力、使用或不使用焊接填充材料来达到多个部件的不可分离的连接。
术语“膜”具体是指：单片形式的或连续带形式的薄塑料片。特别地，术语“膜”也旨在包括PVC膜、PU膜、EVA-EBA膜和EMMA膜。
术语“互配零件”具体是指：膜。然而，也可以想到将其它材料用作互配零件。
术语“物品”具体是指：在HF焊接过程中待焊接的互配零件，尤其是膜。但是具体地，也可以想到，例如将用于HF焊接的设备仅仅用于HF加热并且使“物品”加热，在该种情况下，“物品”应理解为是指可以通过高频工艺而被加热的任何种类的材料。
“顶部工具”表示用于HF焊接的第一工具部件，顾名思义，其特别被设置于顶部。然而，顶部工具也可以设置于下部或侧部。
“下部工具”表示用于HF焊接的第二工具部件，顾名思义，其特别被设置于底部。然而，下部工具也可以设置于顶部或侧部。
顶部工具和下部工具在操作期间相互作用。
“焊接基板”表示在特定焊接过程中位于焊接电极与互配零件的至少一部分之间的材料层。特别地，“焊接基板”表示基本上是平面的、但是一般低损失的、平行于待加热和/或待焊接物品的电容器的电介质载荷(dielectric load)。“焊接基板”可以是单独的部件，其连接到工具的另一部件。然而，具体而言，“焊接基板”也可以是另一部件的具有不同材料的涂层 (coating)，特别是下部工具、顶部工具和/或导电层的涂层。
在现有技术中，特定所谓焊接过程中的“焊接基板”位于工具的电极 (特别是下部工具)和互配零件的至少一部分之间。或者此处提出，导电层在焊接基板与互配零件的至少一部分之间延伸。
“电极”是电子导体(electron conductor)，其与对电极(counter electrode)配合而与位于两个电极之间的介质相互作用。电极由电导体组成，特别是由金属或石墨制成。
“导电层”是指包括导电材料的材料层。特别地，导电层可以包括金属或石墨。“导电层”也称为“中心电极”。
术语“部分地”表示：沿着下部工具的方向而定向的导电层表面的至少一部分不与下部工具接触，并且该部分包括位于导电层和下部工具之间的焊接基板。还可以想到，整个导电层不与下部工具接触，并且焊接基板位于下部工具和导电层之间。
在现有技术中，之前的情况是，为了提高HF焊接过程的效率，使用了焊接基板。焊接基板降低了电容器的电容，从而增加了输入阻抗的虚部，而同时又没有实质上对实部进行改变：因此可以通过焊接基板来提高HF焊接的效率。
顶部工具和下部工具之间的电容等效于(具有焊接基板作为电介质的) 第一电容部和(具有待加热物品作为电介质的)第二电容部之间的串联连接。焊接基板越厚，第一电容部越小，并且顶部工具和下部工具之间可用于加热物品的总电压的比例越小：总电容有利的减少与物品中场强的减少相关。
相比之下，此处提出，在焊接基板和物品之间，引入与顶部工具和下部工具电绝缘的导电层，例如金属板。该导电层在下文中称为中心电极。在不失一般性的情况下，为了更清楚地呈现，焊接基板将在下文中被认定放置在下部工具和中心电极之间。
由此实现的优点是，可以提高物品中的场强，并且可以提高HF工具的电效率，从而降低能耗并减少对环境的影响。
还可以获得其他优点，既然现有技术中已知的(焊接基板遭到的且显著增加制造成本的)较高的机械磨损得到降低，便意味着维护成本和制造成本可以得到降低，并且工具的可用性和生产过程的稳定性也可以得到提高。
在现有技术中，机械磨损主要来自于两种磨损机制：导致焊接基板持续劣化的机械压力，以及发生于顶部工具和下部工具之间的通常易于导致焊接基板瞬间损毁的电闪络(electrical flashovers)。有利地，两种磨损机制在此都可以得到显著降低，除了其他有益效果外使得焊接质量可以更容易地复现。
另一个获得的优点是，此时可以实现焊缝区域中互配零件的不同的层结构。
此外，主要优点是通过使用中心电极而获得的，即中心电极在(基本上是平面的物品的)平面上的宽度可以选择不同于边缘区域的宽度：顶部工具和下部工具之间的总电容由位于(顶部工具和中心电极之间的其中以物品作为电介质的)第一电容以及(中心电极和下部工具之间的其中以焊接基板作为电介质的)第二电容的串联连接来表示。
采用不同的出发点，以焊接基板的预选的厚度，通过适当地选择中心电极相对于边缘区域宽度的宽度，可以有利地调节顶部工具和下部工具之间的可用于物品电介质加热的总电压的比例。
特别地，通过仅仅在边缘区域的特定部分中引入中心电极，便可以有利地允许具有不同层结构的物品在边缘区域的不同部分中同时且均匀地被焊接。
还可以有利地允许增加的焊接基板厚度，和更高的焊接基板的机械稳定性，同时不会明显降低用于物品电介质加热的顶部工具和下部工具之间的电压的比例。
该设计允许电开关设备的优化功能，从而当工具降低到待改进的材料中时可以实现功率调节，并且可以减少甚至解决场分布问题。
因此，通过特别薄的互配零件和/或具有低损耗因数的互配零件，可以获得进一步的优点，即减少工具的闪络的可能性(liability)，并且焊缝的质量和焊缝质量的复现性都可以得到提高。例如，焊接的对称性也可以得到提高，因为除此之外互配零件的接触表面的平面平行度可以被提高，从而提高焊接接头(welded joint)的质量。
具体而言，除了其他的优点之外，还可以想到，导电层具有较不牢固的粘合表面，使得互配零件在焊接过程之后较容易地从工具被释放，并且因此也有助于对于焊接而言较短的循环时间。
工具特别地允许：通过较薄的互配零件、尤其是膜，来生产尿袋、乳房假体和导管包装(catheter packaging)，同时允许具有较高焊接质量的较稳定的焊接，从而可以使产品整体上得到显著改善。
还提出，当工具正在下降到互配零件中时，工具的功率会自动调节，使得电闪络的发生概率显着降低或可以被完全消除，从而使焊缝的质量得到改善。
焊接基板优选地包括电绝缘体。
下面对术语的使用进行说明：
“电绝缘体”具有可忽略的低导电性。它具有非常高的电阻系数 (specificresistance)和高电介质强度。
具体来说，例如可以想到，导电涂层包括陶瓷(ceramic)涂层和/或搪瓷(enamel)，并且导电层附加的该电绝缘层表示焊接基板。
有利地，可以简化工具的设计。
也可以将焊接基板设计得更加耐磨和更加硬。焊接基板的硬度可以有利地影响焊缝的复现性及其质量，因为工具的设计弹性较小，这表示除此之外，工具结构和互配零件的平行度可以在焊接过程期间保证均匀。总之，从而可以降低成本，并提高焊接质量。
另一个优点是从焊接基板释放互配零件的更强能力。
任选地，焊接表面是导热的。
下面对术语的使用进行说明：
术语“导热的”表示焊接基板表现出导热性。
具体而言，可以想到，除了其它之外，可以起到积极效果的导电层的较低热导率，由焊接基板的较高热导率来补偿。
有利地，由于通过焊接基板的散热关于执行焊接操作的工具的循环速率 (cyclerate)而言是容易的，这表示可以防止由于工具温度过高而在互配零件中起火。
优选地，焊接基板包括芳纶纤维。
这表示焊接基板可以有利地利用芳纶纤维的积极性能(positive properties)，从而可以产生具有极高抗拉强度的耐热的、弹性的和尺寸上稳定的焊接基板。
任选地，焊接基板还可以包括聚酯。
具体地，例如可以想到，使用聚酯作为用于焊接基板的基体树脂。
因此，有利地使焊接基板可以利用聚酯的积极性能，尤其是聚酯的弱导电性能。
焊接基板优选包括聚乙烯。
这表示焊接基板可以有利地利用聚乙烯的积极性能，特别是聚乙烯的良好电绝缘性能。
可选地，焊接基板包括硬纸(hard paper)。
下面对术语进行说明：
“硬纸”是由纸和合成树脂制成的纤维复合材料。硬纸用作绝缘体和绝缘载体材料。
这表示焊接基板可以有利地利用硬纸的积极性能，特别是硬纸的良好电绝缘性能。
优选地，导电层由金属制成。
具体而言，可以想象，导电层至少部分由不锈钢构成。
有利地，导电层可以呈现金属的特性，特别是金属的高导电性。
任选地，导电层是自粘的(self-adhesive)。
下面对术语进行说明：
术语“自粘的”表示：导电层包括粘合剂层。
因此可以想象，导电层可以通过粘合剂层而粘合到焊接基板和/或下部工具。
因此，有利地，导电层可以简单且牢固地连接到焊接基板和/或下部工具，使得其不会滑动。
优选地，导电层连接到焊接基板。
有利地，这表示导电层不需要与焊接基板分开地定位在工具中。
任选地，将导电层胶合到焊接基板。
因此，有利地，导电层可以连接到焊接基板，从而在焊接基板和导电层之间不再发生定位误差。
优选地，顶部工具包括分离边缘。
下面对术语进行说明：
“分离边缘”表示顶部工具的边缘形(Edge-shaped)突起和/或边缘形隆起。
可以想到，下部工具具有分离边缘。
通常情况下，基本上平面的物品仅仅在各个区域中被电介质加热，其实例是由两层塑料膜制成的袋子的HF焊接。只有在稍后成为袋子的边界区域才对物品进行加热，并且通过同时施加机械压力使两层膜焊接在一起。为此，例如，可以将下部工具设计成平坦的，而顶部工具在待焊接的一个或多个袋子的边缘区域中具有压花的(embossed)分离边缘。电场强度、电介质加热和机械力有利地集中在该边缘区域中。与有损电容器的容量成比例的表面积，不再由顶部工具的总面积来限定，而是基本上仅仅由袋子或多个袋子的边缘区域的较小的面积(一个或多个这样的边缘区域的平均长度和平均宽度的乘积(product))来限定。
有利地，这使得能够通过顶部工具上的分离边缘来产生薄的焊接线，其具有高焊接质量并且能够非常牢固地焊接互配零件。
可选地，焊接基板设置在下部工具和顶部工具之间。
有利地，由于焊接工具的部件的布局，因此可以实现特别有利的结果。
优选地，将焊接基板连接到下部工具。
这表示，焊接基板可以有利地连接到下部工具，并且不必在工具中进行单独定位。这使得每单位时间可实施的焊缝数量能够增加，而通过同样的方式使焊接的质量能够提高。
可选地，导电层包括与电开关设备的电连接。
这使得导电层可以有利地单独被供以电能。
根据本实用新型的第二方面，该目的通过一种用于焊接膜的系统来实现，所述系统具有膜送料器和焊接站，其中焊接站包括根据本实用新型第一方面的工具。
下面对术语进行说明：
“膜送料器”表示可以将膜送入用于焊接膜的系统的设备。
“焊接站”表示集成于用于焊接膜的系统中的设备，其配备有HF焊接工具。
显而易见，如上所述的根据本实用新型第一方面的用于两个膜的HF焊接的工具的优点可直接延伸到用于焊接膜的(具有膜送料器和焊接站的)系统，其中，焊接站包括根据本实用新型的第一方面的工具，该工具具有顶部工具、下部工具和焊接基板，其中顶部工具和下部工具体现为电极，该工具具有导电层，并且所述导电层通过焊接基板至少部分地与下部工具相分离。实用新型
明确指出，可以以任何期望的组合形式，单独地或累加地将第二方面的主题有利地与本实用新型的上述方面的主题相结合。
根据本实用新型的第三方面，该目的通过一种用于生产医用袋的系统来实现，其具有膜送料器、焊接站以及优选的填充站，其中焊接站包括根据本实用新型第一方面的工具。
下面对术语进行说明：
“袋子”被定义为是中空的、薄壁的、容易变形的物体，其适于容纳其它物体，尤其是液体。袋子可以是开放的或封闭的袋子。
“填充站”表示用于将介质填充于袋子的设备。
显而易见，如上所述的根据本实用新型第一方面的两个膜的HF焊接工具的优点可直接延伸到用于生产医用袋的系统，其具有膜送料器、焊接站和优选的填充站，其中焊接站包括根据本实用新型第一方面的工具，该工具具有顶部工具、下部工具和焊接基板，其中顶部工具和下部工具体现为电极，该工具具有导电层，并且所述导电层通过焊接基板至少部分地与下部工具相分离实用新型。
明确指出，可以以任何期望的组合形式，单独地或累加地将第三方面的主题有利地与本实用新型的上述方面的主题相结合。
根据本实用新型的第四方面，该目的通过一种用于操作根据本实用新型第二或第三方面的系统的方法来实现，该方法具有以下步骤：将两个膜送到焊接站中，其中膜被送到顶部工具和导电层之间；用高频电为电极通电，以对膜进行HF焊接。
这表示可以有利地进行膜的焊接，尤其是对根据本实用新型第二或第三方面的系统内的袋子进行焊接，并因此使如上所述地的根据本实用新型第二或第三方面的系统的优点直接延伸到用于操作这种系统的方法。
明确指出，可以以任何期望的组合形式，单独地或累加地将第四方面的主题有利地与本实用新型的上述方面的主题相结合。
根据本实用新型的第五方面，该目的通过一种用于操作根据本实用新型第三方面的系统的方法来实现，具有以下步骤：将两个膜送到焊接站中，其中膜被送到顶部工具和导电层之间；用高频电为电极通电，以将膜HP焊接成袋子；并对袋子进行填充。
这表示可以有利地进行膜的焊接，尤其是对根据本实用新型第三方面的系统内的袋子进行焊接，并因此使如上所述的根据本实用新型第三方面的系统的优点直接延伸到用于操作这种系统的方法。
明确指出，可以以任何期望的组合形式，单独地或累加地将第五方面的主题有利地与本实用新型的上述方面的主题相结合。
根据本实用新型的第六方面，该目的通过一种袋子，尤其是一种医用袋来实现，其通过根据本实用新型第二或第三方面的系统由两个膜而制成，和/或其通过根据本实用新型第四或第五方面的方法由两个膜而制成。
显而易见，根据如上所述的本实用新型第二或第三方面的系统的优点和 /或根据如上所述的本实用新型第四或第五方面的方法的优点可直接延伸到通过这种系统和/或这种方法由两个膜而制成的袋子，尤其是医用袋。
明确指出，可以以任何期望的组合形式，单独地或累加地将第六方面的主题有利地与本实用新型的上述方面的主题相结合。
附图说明
以下，根据示例性实施例以及参考附图对本实用新型进行更详细的描述。如图所示
图1示意性地示出了用于现有技术中已知的HF焊接的工具，
图2示意性地示出了用于现有技术中已知的HF焊接的替代工具，
图3示意性地示出了本文提出的用于HF焊接的工具的变型。
附图标记：
1-焊接工具
2-下部工具
3-顶部工具
4-电开关设备
5-电缆
6-电缆
7-膜
8-膜
9-交变电场
10-焊接工具
11-焊接基板
12-下部工具
13-顶部工具
14-电开关设备
15-电缆
16-电缆
17-膜
18-膜
19-交变电场
20-焊接工具
21-焊接基板
22-下部工具
23-顶部工具
24-导电层
25-电开关设备
26-电缆
27-电缆
28-电缆
29-膜
30-膜
31-交变电场
32-交变电场
33-分离边缘
具体实施方式
本图1中属于现有技术的“HF-焊接工具(welding tool)1”基本上由下部工具2、顶部工具3和电开关设备4组成，其中顶部工具3安装在下部工具2的上方。
电开关设备4通过电缆6电连接到顶部工具3，并且电缆5电连接到下部工具2。
为了将第一膜7焊接到第二膜8，将其引入到顶部工具3和下部工具2 之间的焊接工具1中并对齐。然后闭合顶部工具3和下部工具2，使得膜7、 8不再能够在焊接工具1中滑动，并且电能(未示出)从电开关设备4传输到顶部工具3和下部工具2。
由于电能(未示出)，所以在顶部工具3和下部工具2之间建立了交变电场9。由于电介质损耗(未示出)，交变电场9引起膜7、8的加热(未示出)。
由于加热(未示出)，同时由于顶部工具3和下部工具2之间的机械压力(未示出)，待焊接的膜7、8以熔融状态(未示出)软化并接合在一起。
然后电能供应(未示出)由电开关设备4停止。随后打开顶部工具3和下部工具2，从而可以移除焊接膜7、8。
图2中属于现有技术的焊接工具10基本上由焊接基板11、下部工具12、顶部工具13和电开关设备14组成，其中顶部工具13安装在下部工具12的上方，并且焊接基板11安装在顶部工具13和下部工具12之间。
电开关设备14通过电缆16电连接到顶部工具13，并且电缆15电连接到下部工具12。
焊接基板11的存在能够提高焊接工具10的效率(未示出)。
为了将第一膜17焊接到第二膜18，将其引入到顶部工具13和焊接基板 11之间的焊接工具10中并对齐。然后闭合顶部工具13和下部工具12，使得膜17、18不再能够在焊接工具10中滑动，并且电能(未示出)从电开关设备14传输到顶部工具13和下部工具12。
由于电能(未示出)，所以在顶部工具13和下部工具12之间建立了交变电场19。由于电介质损耗(未示出)，交变电场19增加了膜17、18的加热(未示出)。
由于加热(未示出)，同时由于顶部工具13和下部工具12之间的机械压力(未示出)，所以待焊接的膜17、18以熔融状态(未示出)软化并接合在一起。
然后电能供应(未示出)由电开关设备14停止。随后打开顶部工具13 和下部工具12，从而可以移除焊接膜17、18。
图3中的焊接工具20基本上由焊接基板21、下部工具22、顶部工具23、导电层24和电开关设备25组成，其中顶部工具23安装在下部工具22的上方，焊接基板21安装在导电层24和下部工具22之间，并且导电层24安装在焊接基板21和顶部工具23之间。
电开关设备25通过电缆26电连接到下部工具22，并且电缆27电连接到顶部工具23并且通过电缆28电连接到导电层24。
焊接基板21的存在能够提高焊接工具20的效率(未示出)。
为了将第一膜29焊接到第二膜30，将其引入到顶部工具23和导电层24 之间的焊接工具20中并对齐。然后闭合顶部工具3和下部工具2，使得膜29、 30不再能够在焊接工具20中滑动，并且电能(未示出)从电开关设备25传输到顶部工具3、下部工具2和导电层24。
由于电能(未示出)，所以在顶部工具23和导电层24之间建立了交变电场31，并且在导电层24和下部工具22之间建立了交变电场32。
顶部工具23具有分离边缘33，其使得交变电场31的电场强度(未示出)、电介质加热(未示出)和机械力(未示出)都有利地被集中到分离边缘33上。
此外，由于导电层24，膜29、30中的交变电场31的场强(未示出)被增加，致使焊接工具20的效率(未示出)得到提高。
由于电介质损耗(未示出)，所以交变电场31引起膜29、30的加热(未示出)。
由于加热(未示出)，同时由于顶部工具23的分离边缘33和导电层24 之间的机械压力(未示出)，所以待焊接的膜29、30在熔融状态下软化并接合在一起(未示出)。
然后电能供应(未示出)由电开关设备25停止。随后打开顶部工具23 和下部工具22，从而可以移除在分离边缘33区域中焊接在一起的膜29、30。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于高频焊接两个膜的工具，所述工具具有顶部工具、下部工具和焊接基板，其中所述顶部工具和所述下部工具被设计成电极，
其特征在于，
所述工具包括导电层，所述导电层通过所述焊接基板至少部分地与所述下部工具分离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接基板包括电绝缘体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接基板是导热的。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接基板包括芳纶纤维。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接基板包括聚酯。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接基板包括聚乙烯。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接基板包括硬纸。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述导电层由金属制成。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述导电层是自粘的。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述导电层连接到所述焊接基板。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述导电层胶合到所述焊接基板。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述顶部工具包括分离边缘。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接基板设置在所述下部工具和所述顶部工具之间。
14.根据权利要求13所述的工具，其特征在于，所述焊接基板连接到所述下部工具。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的工具，其特征在于，所述导电层包括与电开关设备的电连接。
16.一种用于焊接膜的系统，具有膜送料器和焊接站，
其特征在于，
所述焊接站包括根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的工具。
17.一种用于生产医用袋的系统，具有膜送料器以及焊接站，
其特征在于，
所述焊接站包括根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的工具。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还具有填充站。
19.一种袋子，所述袋子通过使用根据权利要求16-18中任一项所述系统由两个膜而制成。
20.根据权利要求19所述的袋子，其特征在于，所述袋子是医用袋。
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