CN206706723U - A kind of static sounding probe containing determination of resistivity suitable for swelling ground soil - Google Patents
A kind of static sounding probe containing determination of resistivity suitable for swelling ground soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN206706723U CN206706723U CN201720081276.6U CN201720081276U CN206706723U CN 206706723 U CN206706723 U CN 206706723U CN 201720081276 U CN201720081276 U CN 201720081276U CN 206706723 U CN206706723 U CN 206706723U
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- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of static sounding probe containing determination of resistivity suitable for swelling ground soil, four annular electrodes are surrounded by the periphery of the upper semisection body of rod of static sounding probe, pass through insulator separation between annular electrode, middle two annular electrodes are test electrode, upper and lower two annular electrodes are emission electrode, the emission electrode is used for soil body emission current, the test electrode is used to measure potential difference, in conjunction with the resistivity size that the surrounding them soil body can be calculated according to Ohm's law.Strong identification facility is provided for the swelling ground soil evaluation in environmental geotechnical.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a static sounding probe who contains resistivity survey suitable for expansibility foundation soil belongs to a static sounding device among the geotechnical engineering field.
Background
The static sounding technology is a geotechnical engineering investigation and test technology, and is characterized by that it utilizes a pressure device to press a sounding rod with a sounding head into the tested soil layer, and utilizes a measuring system to test cone tip resistance and side wall frictional resistance of soil so as to can determine some basic physical mechanical characteristics of soil, such as deformation modulus of soil and allowable bearing capacity of soil. But the resistivity, the water content, the special soil expansion characteristic and the like cannot be measured in a static sounding mode.
The expansive soil is special cohesive soil, the soil body contains a large amount of hydrophilic minerals, the volume of the expansive soil is changed greatly when the humidity is changed, and rock soil with larger internal stress is generated when deformation is restrained. The expansive soil has fissility and hyperconcentration due to the self structure, so that a large amount of engineering construction at home and abroad is often damaged by expansion and contraction of the expansive soil, so that a roadbed and a house are damaged, and a large amount of economic loss is caused, and the economic loss caused by the expansive soil in the United states is 23 billion dollars each year. The damage to various engineering buildings caused by expansive soil in China is more than billions of yuan each year. The expansive soil has multiple, repeated and long-term potential hazards to engineering construction. In the thirty years of the last century, some researchers have realized the particularity of expansive soil from the analysis of clay foundation deformation damage and slope instability accidents, unfortunately, the problems have not attracted enough attention of researchers, and until the sixty years of the last century, the expansive soil problem is gradually highlighted and rapidly developed after being widely emphasized with the development of large-scale economic construction. Up to now, seven international meetings for expansive soil research and engineering and three international meetings for unsaturated soil research and engineering have been held, and specifications for the construction of expansive land areas are established in many countries (including U.S. america, english, su, day, ro, and glu). China formulated the technical provisions of construction in expansive soil regions in 1978 and issued the provisional provisions of railway roadbed cracked soil engineering in 1980. Scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research on expansive soil. However, even after more than half a century, the engineering problems caused by expansive soil in engineering construction of various countries have been serious.
Therefore, the expansion characteristics, the evolution and development rules of the fields are evaluated, and the corresponding engineering technology is adopted to treat the expansive soil foundation, so that the expansive soil foundation achieves the functions of re-development and durability, and the method is a new important subject faced by the construction of the modern city in China. The free expansion rate test of the expansive soil is usually troublesome, the expansion rate of the corresponding expansive soil cannot be rapidly obtained, the variability is large, and different researchers on the same soil sample can often obtain different conclusions. Quantitative evaluation of the degree of swelling requires the acquisition of certain soil layer and groundwater specific parameters, which are difficult to obtain accurately by ground geophysical prospecting methods. While the static sounding technique with a specific sensor is undoubtedly the best choice. Earlier researches find that the resistivity has obvious sensitivity to the internal structure of the soil body, and the change of the clay mineral crystal layer structure in the soil can influence the electrochemical characteristics, the conductivity and the like of the cohesive soil. Research reveals that the conductivity of soil can represent the internal soil structure and engineering characteristics. The correlation of the conductivity of the soil sample with the content of sticky particles and the water content of liquid limit is good, and the content of the sticky particles and the size of the liquid limit can reflect the strength of the expansive performance of the expansive soil to a certain extent. Therefore, the resistivity of the soil sample can be used as an index for representing the expansion performance of the soil sample. Meanwhile, the expansion characteristic of the soil body is a state parameter and is related to the state of the soil body (such as the water content state). The resistivity and the water content in the soil body are measured by a static sounding technology with a specific sensor, and the expansion grade of the expansive soil is divided by establishing the correlation among the resistivity, the water content and the free expansion rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Utility model purpose: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the static sounding probe suitable for measuring the resistivity of the expansive foundation soil is provided, and the resistivity of the expansive rock soil sample can be obtained on a construction site.
The technical scheme is as follows: the periphery of an upper section of a rod body of the static sounding probe is wrapped with four annular electrodes, the annular electrodes are isolated through an insulating layer, the middle two annular electrodes are testing electrodes, the upper annular electrode and the lower annular electrode are transmitting electrodes, the transmitting electrodes are used for transmitting current to a soil body, and the testing electrodes are used for measuring potential difference.
Furthermore, a plane which is perpendicular to the rod body and passes through the middle point between the two test electrodes is taken as a symmetrical plane, the two emission electrodes are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetrical plane, the ratio of the distance a between the emission electrodes and the symmetrical plane to the distance b between the test electrodes and the symmetrical plane is 1.5-3: 1, and the widths of the four annular electrodes are all smaller than the distance b between the test electrodes and the symmetrical plane.
Furthermore, a thermistor is arranged on the rod body and is positioned below the annular electrode.
Furthermore, a preamplifier and an analog-to-digital converter are further arranged in the rod body, and the output of the test electrode is sequentially cascaded with the preamplifier and the analog-to-digital converter.
Furthermore, a side wall friction cylinder, a hole pressure filter ring and a conical probe are sequentially arranged on the lower half section of the probe from top to bottom; the hole pressure filter ring is arranged at the joint of the side wall friction cylinder and the conical probe.
Furthermore, the cone angle of the cone probe is 60 degrees, and the sectional area of the cone bottom is 10cm2Surface area of friction cylinder on side wall is 150cm2And the thickness of the pore pressure filter ring is 5 mm.
Has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a static sounding probe, according to two transmitting electrode on the probe to soil body transmitting current, the electric current produces equipotential line and distributes, measures the voltage variation between two electrodes through two test electrode in step, continuously, combines to calculate the resistivity size of the soil body around the electrode according to ohm's law. According to the relation between the resistivity and the free expansion rate of the expandable soil, the numerical value of the water content of the soil body can be calculated according to the obtained resistivity of the soil body, and the expansion characteristic of the expandable soil is obtained by eliminating the influence of the water content.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the static sounding probe of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of four ring electrodes according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The static sounding probe suitable for measuring the resistivity of expansive foundation soil can be used for testing the resistivity and the water content value of an expansive site on site, and the expansion characteristic of the expansive site is calibrated and analyzed on the basis of the existing method for judging and classifying the expansive soil at home and abroad, so that the rapid identification on site is realized.
The probe integrates the function of conventional piezocone penetration test, can test end resistance, friction resistance, inclination and pore pressure, and also has the function of testing the soil resistivity. As shown in fig. 1, a coaxial cable 1 is arranged in the center of the static sounding probe, four annular electrodes are wrapped on the periphery of the upper half section of the rod body, the annular electrodes are isolated by an insulating layer 6, the middle two annular electrodes are testing electrodes 5, the upper and lower two annular electrodes are emitting electrodes 4, the emitting electrodes 4 are used for emitting current to the soil body, the current generates equipotential line distribution, and the testing electrodes 5 are used for measuring potential difference. A plane which is vertical to the rod body and passes through the middle point between the two test electrodes 5 is taken as a symmetrical plane, the two emission electrodes 4 are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetrical plane, the ratio of the distance a between the emission electrodes 4 and the symmetrical plane to the distance b between the test electrodes 5 and the symmetrical plane is 1.5-3: 1, and the widths of the four annular electrodes are all smaller than the distance b between the test electrodes 5 and the symmetrical plane. A thermistor 13 is provided on the rod body below the ring electrode. The rod body is also internally provided with a preamplifier 3 and an analog-to-digital converter 2, and the output of the test electrode 5 is in cascade connection with the preamplifier 3 and the analog-to-digital converter 2 in sequence.
The lower half section of the probe is sequentially provided with a side wall friction cylinder 7, a hole pressure filter ring 9 and a conical probe 10 from top to bottom. A pore water pressure sensor 8 is arranged in the middle of the friction cylinder 7, a side wall friction force pressure sensor 11 is arranged on the inner side surface of the side wall friction cylinder 7, a cone tip resistance force pressure sensor 12 is arranged on the cone-shaped probe 10, and a pore pressure filter ring 9 is positioned at the joint of the side wall friction cylinder 7 and the cone-shaped probe 10. The cone angle of the cone probe 10 is 60 degrees, and the sectional area of the cone bottom is 10cm2The surface area of the side wall friction cylinder 7 is 150cm2And the thickness of the hole pressure filter ring 9 is 5 mm.
The specification of the static sounding probe conforms to the international standard: cone angle of 60 degrees, cone diameter of 35.7mm, and cone bottom sectional area of 10cm2The area of the side wall friction cylinder is 150cm2. The measuring range of the cone tip resistance pressure sensor is 100kN, and the precision is 0.2%. The measuring range of the side friction resistance pressure sensor is 20kN, and the precision is 0.2%. The measuring range of the pore water pressure sensor is 3.5 MPa; the accuracy was 0.5%.
The resistivity of soil is a basic parameter for representing the conductivity of soil body, is one of intrinsic physical parameters of soil, and depends on the porosity, pore shape, pore liquid resistivity, saturation, solid particle component, shape, orientation, cementing state and the like of the soil. The conductivity of the soil can represent the structure and engineering characteristics of the soil body in the soil. The correlation of the conductivity of the soil sample with the content of sticky particles and the water content of liquid limit is good, and the content of the sticky particles and the size of the liquid limit can reflect the strength of the expansive performance of the expansive soil to a certain extent. On the other hand, the resistivity and the water content of the soil body have good correlation, and according to the research of the prior art, the resistivity and water content conversion formula of the target soil body can be determined through indoor calibration and used for measuring the water content of the soil body in an in-situ state. Therefore, the static sounding technology based on resistivity and moisture content testing can be used for realizing the division of the expansive soil expansion grade.
The core part of the static sounding probe equipment for the expansive soil foundation is a resistivity sensor, and the probe adopts a four-electrode arrangement mode to eliminate errors possibly caused by gas generation, electroplating and polarization effects. The resistivity testing frequency is 1000Hz, and the calibration range is 0-10000 ohm-m. After the probe is pressed into the ground by an external force to a preset depth, firstly, a thermoelectric temperature control regulator on the probe is controlled to work, the temperature control regulator can control the temperature range to be 0-100 ℃, and a working power supply: the power consumption is less than 4W at AC 90-242V 50Hz/60 Hz. 10cm from the upper ring electrode. And discharging the emitter electrode after the four annular electrodes form a stable temperature field, and correcting and compensating the temperature and testing the soil layer temperature to correct the change of the resistivity at different temperatures to obtain a real resistivity value.
The method for measuring the resistivity of the expansive soil foundation comprises the following steps: due to the complexity of the electric field in the soil around the static sounding probe and the difficulty in controlling the boundary conditions, the electrical characteristics of the soil measured by the probe are complex. The theoretical equation of the penetration test is obtained through ohm's law, the soil resistivity is obtained by testing the voltage drop delta V between two testing electrodes under constant current, and the unearthed resistance is calculated according to ohm's lawIs obtained by the size of (c).
As shown in fig. 2, a denotes a first emitter electrode, B denotes a second emitter electrode, N denotes a first test electrode, M denotes a second test electrode, and O is a center point. The emitting electrode emits low-voltage alternating current at the frequency of 1000Hz, current is emitted to the soil body through the first emitting electrode A and the second emitting electrode B, the current generates equipotential line distribution, and the potential difference is measured by the first testing electrode M and the second testing electrode N.
Its resistivityIs defined as:
（1）
wherein the geometric factorsKDepending on the geometry of the four electrodes of the probe.
When the four-electrode geometric arrangement probe is used for measuring the resistivity of the soil body, the material foundation of electrical method survey is that the rock and ore have conductivity difference, and the resistivity method utilizes the difference of the resistivity of the soil body, so that the resistivity of the soil body needs to be measured in the actual work. During measurement, the power supply current is transmitted and received by the first transmitting electrode A and the second transmitting electrode B through the coaxial cable, and a stable electric field of two opposite point power supplies is established underground.
Obtaining the potentials of the first test electrode M and the second test electrode N at any two points in the middle of the transmitting electrode according to the potential superposition principle、：
（2）
（3）
In the formula,for the resistivity of the expansive soil foundation to be measured,for measuring the current, it is measured by the test electrodes M, N, AM, BM, AN, BN are the distances between the electrodes, respectively. According to electric potential、Obtaining the potential difference between the first test electrode M and the second test electrode N：
（4）
The formula for measuring the resistivity of the expansive soil foundation can be obtained according to the formula as follows:
（5）
wherein,（6）
（7）
（8）
when a and b are respectively substituted into (6), the following are obtained:
（9）
and (5) substituting K into the K to obtain a theoretical equation of the penetration test:
（10）
according to the obtained expansive soil foundation resistivityAnd the method for obtaining the water content of the soil body comprises the following steps:
firstly, an indoor calibration test of the probe is carried out, a proper working voltage interval is selected, and a correlation relation between the resistivity and the water content of a target soil body is established. The water content is one of the main factors influencing the resistivity of the soil body. The soil is a product of rock weathering, and is a three-phase medium aggregate consisting of soil particles, water and gas, and the resistivity of the three-phase medium is different. Under the condition of the same porosity, the resistivity of the expansive soil is reduced along with the increase of the water content and is reduced in an exponential function relation. When the water content exceeds a certain range, the resistivity of the expansive soil changes slowly or tends to be constant. The critical water content of the natural expansive soil is between 25 and 30 percent. Along with the increase of the water content in the soil, the through paths of pore water in the soil body are increased, the conductive circuit is basically a pore water route, the whole conductive capability of the soil body is enhanced, the resistivity is in a stable descending trend, and finally the pore water resistivity is achieved.
The research of the prior art shows that the specific resistivity numerical value is fitted to an exponential function model, and the relation between the resistivity and the water content is as follows:
（11）
in the formula,ρis the resistivity;wthe water content is obtained;k、jare reference coefficients.
Determination of specific reference coefficients by means of indoor calibration testsk、jFor performing on-site moisture content testing work. And meanwhile, the earth surface load system is calibrated to input alternating voltage through a coaxial cable. The electric pulse generated by resistivity test is amplified by the preamplifier and then transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter converts the received analog signal into a digital signal, then all the signals are integrated on the same coaxial cable for transmission, and the digital signal is stored by a microcomputer acquisition and storage system on the earth surface, and a real-time continuous section diagram is drawn.
And finally, according to the resistivity and the water content test data, calculating the free expansion rate of the expansive soil through the correlation among the resistivity, the water content and the expansive soil expansion characteristics, and accordingly realizing the division of the expansive soil expansion grade.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A static cone penetration probe suitable for measuring the resistivity of expansive foundation soil is characterized in that: the periphery of the upper half section of rod body of static sounding probe has four ring electrodes, keeps apart through insulating layer (6) between the ring electrode, and two ring electrodes in the middle are test electrode (5), and two ring electrodes are transmitting electrode (4) from top to bottom, transmitting electrode (4) are used for earth body emission current, test electrode (5) are used for measuring the potential difference.
2. A static cone penetration probe suitable for resistivity measurements in expansive foundation soil as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the plane which is perpendicular to the rod body and passes through the middle point between the two test electrodes (5) is taken as a symmetry plane, the two emission electrodes (4) are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetry plane, the ratio of the distance a between the emission electrodes (4) and the symmetry plane to the distance b between the test electrodes (5) and the symmetry plane is 1.5-3: 1, the widths of the four annular electrodes are all smaller than the distance b between the test electrodes (5) and the symmetry plane, and the influence of the polarization effect of the emission electrodes on the test result can be effectively reduced through the arrangement.
3. A static cone penetration probe suitable for resistivity determination in expansive foundation soil according to claim 1 or 2 wherein: and a thermistor (13) is also arranged on the rod body, and the thermistor (13) is positioned below the annular electrode.
4. A static cone penetration probe suitable for resistivity determination in expansive foundation soil as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the rod body is also internally provided with a preamplifier (3) and an analog-to-digital converter (2), and the output of the test electrode (5) is sequentially cascaded with the preamplifier (3) and the analog-to-digital converter (2).
5. A static cone penetration probe suitable for resistivity determination in expansive foundation soil according to claim 4 wherein: the lower half section of the probe is sequentially provided with a side wall friction cylinder (7), a hole pressure filter ring (9) and a conical probe (10) from top to bottom; a pore water pressure sensor (8) is arranged in the middle of the friction cylinder (7), a side wall friction force pressure sensor (11) is arranged on the inner side surface of the side wall friction cylinder (7), a cone tip resistance force pressure sensor (12) is arranged on the cone-shaped probe (10), and the pore pressure filter ring (9) is positioned at the joint of the side wall friction cylinder (7) and the cone-shaped probe (10).
6. A static cone penetration probe suitable for resistivity determination in expansive foundation soil according to claim 5 wherein: the cone angle of the conical probe (10) is 60 degrees, and the sectional area of the cone bottom is 10cm2The surface area of the side wall friction cylinder (7) is 150cm2And the thickness of the pore pressure filter ring (9) is 5 mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106638540A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-10 | 中交第公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Static sounding probe having resistivity measurement function and applicable to expansive foundation soil |
| CN108592993A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-28 | 中国海洋大学 | Deep seafloor boundary layer dynamic observation device and method |
-
2017
- 2017-01-22 CN CN201720081276.6U patent/CN206706723U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106638540A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-10 | 中交第公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Static sounding probe having resistivity measurement function and applicable to expansive foundation soil |
| CN106638540B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2019-01-18 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | The static sounding probe containing determination of resistivity suitable for swelling ground soil |
| CN108592993A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-28 | 中国海洋大学 | Deep seafloor boundary layer dynamic observation device and method |
| CN108592993B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-07-26 | 中国海洋大学 | Deep seafloor boundary layer dynamic observation device and method |
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