CN206481608U - A kind of integrated irrigation system of the simple rich water in hilly and mountainous land sweet cherry garden - Google Patents
A kind of integrated irrigation system of the simple rich water in hilly and mountainous land sweet cherry garden Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
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- 235000010401 Prunus avium Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 241001290151 Prunus avium subsp. avium Species 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 244000007021 Prunus avium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000014224 Ceanothus americanus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005674 Ceanothus americanus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种针对于甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统，属于农田一体化灌溉系统结构技术领域。The utility model relates to a simple fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system for sweet cherry orchards, which belongs to the technical field of farmland integrated irrigation system structure.
背景技术Background technique
山地丘陵水源严重缺乏，土地有机质含量低，渗水漏肥严重，因此在这种地势下果园在灌溉方面比平原灌溉有一定难度。尤其是樱桃园，甜樱桃既不耐旱也不耐涝，水分的均衡供应是其生长发育的必要条件。在产业发展过程中，贯彻执行“上山下滩，不与粮棉争田”的方针，绝大多数园地土层瘠薄、土质差，保水保肥能力低；另外，甜樱桃大多品种抗冻性不强，在地势低洼处栽植，花期易遭受低温冻害，严重影响产量和经济收入，因此大多数栽植在地势比较高的地方，灌溉条件差或无灌溉条件，尚不能满足较为频繁的用水需求。有灌溉条件的地区，多采用沟灌、漫灌，追肥则采用人工追施固态肥或冲施肥的方式，一方面肥水利用率低，面源污染严重；其次，肥水供应不均衡，造成树体生长发育失衡，不利于果实发育和糖分积累，甚至导致裂果；第三，耗费大量人力，增加了生产成本。如何提高水肥利用效率、降低用工成本、保障水肥稳定高效供应，是促进产业持续高效发展亟需解决的技术问题。Mountains and hills are seriously short of water sources, the content of organic matter in the land is low, and water seepage and fertilizer leakage are serious. Therefore, it is more difficult to irrigate orchards in this terrain than plain irrigation. Especially in cherry orchards, sweet cherries are neither drought-tolerant nor flood-tolerant, and a balanced supply of water is a necessary condition for their growth and development. In the process of industrial development, the policy of "going up the mountain and going down the beach, not competing with grain and cotton for the field" was implemented. The vast majority of gardens have poor soil layers, poor soil quality, and low water and fertilizer retention capabilities. In addition, most varieties of sweet cherries are not frost-resistant. Strong, planted in low-lying areas, vulnerable to low-temperature freezing damage during the flowering period, seriously affecting yield and economic income, so most of them are planted in relatively high-lying areas, with poor or no irrigation conditions, which cannot meet the more frequent water demand. In areas with irrigation conditions, furrow irrigation and flood irrigation are mostly used, and topdressing is done by artificial topdressing of solid fertilizer or flushing fertilizer. On the one hand, the utilization rate of fertilizer and water is low, and the non-point source pollution is serious; second, the supply of fertilizer and water is not balanced, resulting in tree growth and development. Imbalance is not conducive to fruit development and sugar accumulation, and even leads to fruit cracking; third, it consumes a lot of manpower and increases production costs. How to improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce labor costs, and ensure a stable and efficient supply of water and fertilizers are technical issues that need to be solved urgently to promote the sustainable and efficient development of the industry.
目前，国外引进的大型肥水一体化设备，配有较为完备的供电系统、过滤系统、加肥系统等，建设井房和泵房，操作程序复杂，成本投入高，适用于大面积规模化生产，与我国甜樱桃园的立地条件、果农的经济水平、当前一家一户种植的规模等不匹配，且大多数地方不能配备电力条件，果农不愿意购买，生产上应用较少。研制适于果园立地条件、安装操作简单、经济适用、果农容易接受的肥水一体化灌溉系统，是降低成本、维持甜樱桃高效生产亟需解决的关键技术问题。At present, the large-scale fertilizer-water integration equipment imported from abroad is equipped with a relatively complete power supply system, filtration system, fertilization system, etc., and the construction of a well room and a pump room is complicated in operation procedures and high in cost. It is suitable for large-scale large-scale production. It does not match the site conditions of my country's sweet cherry orchards, the economic level of fruit farmers, and the current scale of planting by one family, and most places cannot be equipped with electricity conditions, fruit farmers are unwilling to buy, and there are few applications in production. The development of a fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system suitable for orchard site conditions, simple to install and operate, economical and acceptable to fruit farmers is a key technical problem that needs to be solved urgently to reduce costs and maintain efficient production of sweet cherries.
2015年，农业部出台了《农业部关于打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战的实施意见》，以实现“一控两减三基本”（严格控制农业用水总量，减少化肥、农药施用量，地膜、秸秆、畜禽粪便基本资源化利用）为主要目标，推进农业可持续发展，保护农业生产生态环境。In 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Implementation Opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on the Battle of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Prevention and Control" to achieve "one control, two reductions and three basics" (strictly control the total amount of agricultural water use, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used, and mulch film , straw, and basic resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure) as the main goal, promote sustainable agricultural development, and protect the ecological environment of agricultural production.
因此，研究推广适宜我国国情的水肥一体化灌溉系统，是控制农业面源污染的重要技术措施。Therefore, it is an important technical measure to control agricultural non-point source pollution to study and promote the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation system suitable for my country's national conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型旨在解决现有丘陵山地樱桃园灌溉难、灌溉和施肥用工多、水肥资源浪费、不能适时灌溉等技术困难，提供了一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统。所述肥水一体化灌溉系统根据丘陵山地特点而开发设计，安装操作简捷、经济实用、便于果农接受，在今后相当一段时期与我国甜樱桃产业种植规模相适应，解决了现有灌溉系统推广应用难的问题。The utility model aims to solve technical difficulties such as difficulty in irrigation of cherry orchards in hilly and mountainous areas, many labors for irrigation and fertilization, waste of water and fertilizer resources, and inability to irrigate in a timely manner, and provides a simple fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system for sweet cherry orchards in hilly and mountainous areas. The fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system is developed and designed according to the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas. It is simple to install and operate, economical and practical, and easy to accept by fruit farmers. It will adapt to the planting scale of my country's sweet cherry industry for a considerable period of time in the future, and solves the difficulty of popularizing and applying the existing irrigation system. The problem.
为解决上述问题，本实用新型所采用的技术方案是：In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:
一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统，特殊之处在于，主要由水源供给装置、配肥装置、动力抽吸装置、田间灌溉装置及电控装置501五大部分构成；其中，所述电控装置501分别电连接并控制所述水源供给装置、配肥装置和动力抽吸装置，水源通过所述水源供给装置输出至所述配肥装置，经由所述配肥装置配制后将配施液体肥通过动力抽吸装置输送至田间灌溉装置进行灌溉。A simple fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system for sweet cherry orchards in hilly and mountainous areas. The special feature is that it is mainly composed of five parts: water source supply device, fertilizer distribution device, power suction device, field irrigation device and electric control device 501; wherein, the The electric control device 501 is electrically connected to and controls the water source supply device, the fertilizer distribution device and the power suction device respectively, and the water source is output to the fertilizer distribution device through the water source supply device, and the fertilizer distribution device will be prepared after being prepared by the fertilizer distribution device. The liquid fertilizer is transported to the field irrigation device through the power suction device for irrigation.
所述水源供给装置可以采用固有水源或者外设水源供给装置；The water source supply device can adopt an inherent water source or an external water source supply device;
所述固有水源采用的是丘陵山地现有的水库或水坝等天然水源储存场所作为储水池301。The inherent water source uses natural water source storage places such as existing reservoirs or dams in hilly and mountainous areas as the water storage pool 301 .
所述外设水源供给装置包括水源供给装置和水源过渡装置，所述水源供给装置是由机井101，浸没于所述机井101水面以下的潜水泵102，以及与所述潜水泵102连通的注水管103构成；所述水源过渡装置包括一外加的储水池301；所述注水管103经由第一异径三通104与储水池301相连通。The external water source supply device includes a water source supply device and a water source transition device. The water source supply device is composed of a motor well 101, a submersible pump 102 submerged below the water surface of the motor well 101, and a water injection pipe communicated with the submersible pump 102. 103; the water source transition device includes an additional water storage tank 301; the water injection pipe 103 communicates with the water storage tank 301 through the first different diameter tee 104.
所述储水池301上方安装有用于防止垃圾、树枝、杂草等进入池内的防护罩302。A protective cover 302 for preventing garbage, branches, weeds, etc. from entering the pool is installed above the water storage pool 301.
所述配肥装置包括配肥桶201以及安装于配肥桶201内的搅拌器204，当采用外设水源供给装置时，所述配肥桶201的进水管202一端与所述第一异径三通104相连通，另一端连通至所述配肥桶201的上部；当采用固有水源供给装置时，所述配肥桶201的进水管202的一端与动力抽吸装置相连，另一端连通至所述配肥桶201的上部。The fertilizer distribution device includes a fertilizer distribution bucket 201 and an agitator 204 installed in the fertilizer distribution bucket 201. When an external water source supply device is used, one end of the water inlet pipe 202 of the fertilizer distribution bucket 201 is different from the first different diameter. The three links 104 are connected, and the other end is connected to the top of the fertilizer bucket 201; when using the inherent water supply device, one end of the water inlet pipe 202 of the fertilizer bucket 201 is connected to the power suction device, and the other end is connected to the The top of the fertilizer distribution bucket 201.
所述搅拌器204通过固定架203安装于所述配肥桶201的上部；搅拌器204外接有电力源，在条件局限情况下，也可以使用燃油机作为替代动力；The agitator 204 is installed on the upper part of the fertilizer distribution bucket 201 through the fixing frame 203; the agitator 204 is externally connected with a power source, and under limited conditions, a fuel engine can also be used as an alternative power;
所述动力抽吸装置包括一个具有两个进水口和一个出水口的泵体307，所述泵体307其中一个进水口通过一吸肥管305与所述配肥装置的配肥桶201相连通；所述泵体307的另一个进水口通过一进水管304与所述水源供给装置的储水池301相连通；所述泵体307的出水口通过供水供肥主管路401与所述田间灌溉系统相连。The power suction device includes a pump body 307 with two water inlets and a water outlet, and one of the water inlets of the pump body 307 communicates with the fertilizer distribution bucket 201 of the fertilizer distribution device through a fertilizer suction pipe 305 The other water inlet of the pump body 307 communicates with the water storage tank 301 of the water source supply device through a water inlet pipe 304; connected.
当采用固有水源给给装置时，所述泵体307外加一进水管202，并通过一阀门310实现泵体307向配肥桶201进行供水。When the inherent water supply device is used, a water inlet pipe 202 is added to the pump body 307, and a valve 310 is used to realize water supply from the pump body 307 to the fertilizer distribution bucket 201.
所述泵体307外接有动力源，所述动力源除了采用现成的电机或燃油机309之外，在条件局限情况下，也可以接入农用耕作设备如三轮车、拖拉机的作为替代动力；The pump body 307 is externally connected with a power source. In addition to using a ready-made motor or a fuel engine 309, the power source can also be connected to agricultural farming equipment such as a tricycle or a tractor as an alternative power under limited conditions;
所述储水池301的池壁下部设有用于控制所述供水管304的供水底阀303；所述泵体307上安装有用于控制所述吸肥管305的控制阀306；The lower part of the pool wall of the water storage tank 301 is provided with a water supply bottom valve 303 for controlling the water supply pipe 304; a control valve 306 for controlling the fertilizer suction pipe 305 is installed on the pump body 307;
所述田间灌溉系统包括：与所述泵体307出水口相连通的供水供肥主管路401、埋于冻土层以下且与所述供水供肥主管路401相连通的田间主管402，以及与喷灌带408相连通的灌溉主管406；其中所述田间主管402与灌溉主管406之间通过若干带有球阀404的田间支管403相连通，所述田间支管403与所述灌溉主管406之间通过第二异径三通405相连；所述灌溉主管406通过异径四通407与所述喷灌带408相连，所述喷灌带408的末端带有夹子409；The field irrigation system includes: a main water supply and fertilizer supply pipeline 401 communicated with the water outlet of the pump body 307, a field supervisor 402 buried under the permafrost layer and communicated with the water and fertilizer supply main pipeline 401, and a The irrigation main pipe 406 connected with the sprinkler belt 408; wherein the field main pipe 402 and the irrigation main pipe 406 are connected through several field branch pipes 403 with ball valves 404, and the field branch pipe 403 and the irrigation main pipe 406 are connected through the first Two different-diameter tees 405 are connected; the irrigation main pipe 406 is connected with the sprinkler irrigation belt 408 through the different-diameter four-way 407, and the end of the sprinkler irrigation belt 408 has a clip 409;
所述电控装置501分别与水源供给装置的潜水泵102、配肥装置的搅拌器204以及动力抽吸装置的电机相连。The electric control device 501 is respectively connected with the submersible pump 102 of the water source supply device, the agitator 204 of the fertilizer distribution device and the motor of the power suction device.
本实用新型的一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统，解决了丘陵山地甜樱桃生产过程中灌溉难、灌溉和施肥费工费力、水肥资源浪费、不能适时灌溉等问题。安装操作简单、经济适用、便于果农接受。通过本实用新型的一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统，使丘陵山地果园的水分供应更加均衡，提高了保水保肥能力，增加水肥利用率，保障果品生长发育稳定性，降低了人工成本，具有广阔的应用前景。The utility model provides a simple fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system for sweet cherry orchards in hilly and mountainous areas, which solves the problems of difficulty in irrigation, laborious irrigation and fertilization, waste of water and fertilizer resources, and inability to irrigate in a timely manner in the production process of sweet cherries in hilly and mountainous areas. The installation and operation are simple, economical and applicable, and easy for fruit growers to accept. Through the simple integrated irrigation system of fertilizer and water for hilly and mountain sweet cherry orchards of the utility model, the water supply of hilly and mountain orchards is more balanced, the ability of water and fertilizer conservation is improved, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is increased, the stability of fruit growth and development is ensured, and the Labor costs, has broad application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1：实施例1的一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易一体化灌溉系统结构示意图；Fig. 1: a kind of hilly and mountainous sweet cherry orchard simple and easy integrated irrigation system structural representation of embodiment 1;
图2：实施例2的一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易一体化灌溉系统结构示意图；Fig. 2: a kind of hilly and mountainous sweet cherry orchard simple and easy integrated irrigation system structural representation of embodiment 2;
在图中，101、机井，102、潜水泵，103、注水管，104、第一异径三通，201、配肥桶，202、进水管，203、固定架，204、搅拌器，301、储水池，302、防护罩，303、水泵底阀，304、供水管，305、吸肥管，306（310）、控制阀，307、泵体，308、皮带，309、电机或燃油机，310、阀门，401、供水供肥主管，402、田间主管，403、田间支管，404、球阀，405、第二异径三通，406、灌溉主管，407、异径四通，408、喷灌带，409、夹子，501、电控装置。In the figure, 101, machine well, 102, submersible pump, 103, water injection pipe, 104, first different diameter tee, 201, fertilizer distribution bucket, 202, water inlet pipe, 203, fixed frame, 204, agitator, 301, Water storage tank, 302, protective cover, 303, water pump bottom valve, 304, water supply pipe, 305, fertilizer suction pipe, 306 (310), control valve, 307, pump body, 308, belt, 309, motor or fuel engine, 310 , valve, 401, water and fertilizer supply supervisor, 402, field supervisor, 403, field branch pipe, 404, ball valve, 405, second tee with different diameter, 406, irrigation supervisor, 407, four with different diameter, 408, sprinkler irrigation belt, 409, clip, 501, electric control device.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面就附图1-2对本实用新型一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统作以下详细说明。Below with regard to accompanying drawing 1-2, a kind of hilly and mountainous sweet cherry orchard simple and easy fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system of the present utility model is described in detail below.
实施例1Example 1
一种适于丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统，主要由水源供给装置、配肥装置、动力抽吸装置、田间灌溉装置及电控装置501五大部分构成；其中，所述电控装置501分别电连接并控制所述水源供给装置、配肥装置和动力抽吸装置，水源通过所述水源供给装置输出至所述配肥装置，经由所述配肥装置配制后将配施液体肥通过动力抽吸装置输送至田间灌溉装置进行灌溉。所述水源供给装置采用外设水源供给装置；所述外设水源供给装置包括水源供给装置和水源过渡装置，所述水源供给装置是由机井101，浸没于所述机井101水面以下的潜水泵102，以及与所述潜水泵102连通的注水管103构成；所述水源过渡装置包括一外加的储水池301；所述注水管103经由第一异径三通104与储水池301相连通。所述储水池301上方安装有用于防止垃圾、树枝、杂草等进入池内的防护罩302。所述配肥装置包括配肥桶201以及安装于配肥桶201内的搅拌器204，所述配肥桶201的进水管202一端与所述第一异径三通104相连通，另一端连通至所述配肥桶201的上部；所述搅拌器204通过固定架203安装于所述配肥桶201的上部；所述动力抽吸装置包括一个具有两个进水口和一个出水口的泵体307，所述泵体307其中一个进水口通过一吸肥管305与所述配肥装置的配肥桶201相连通；所述泵体307的另一个进水口通过一进水管304与所述水源供给装置的储水池301相连通；所述泵体307的出水口通过供水供肥主管路401与所述田间灌溉系统相连。所述泵体307外接有动力源，所述动力源除了采用现成的电机或燃油机309；所述储水池301的池壁下部设有用于控制所述供水管304的供水底阀303；所述泵体307上安装有用于控制所述吸肥管305的控制阀306；所述田间灌溉系统包括：与所述泵体307出水口相连通的供水供肥主管路401、埋于冻土层以下且与所述供水供肥主管路401相连通的田间主管402，以及与喷灌带408相连通的灌溉主管406；其中所述田间主管402与灌溉主管406之间通过若干带有球阀404的田间支管403相连通，所述田间支管403与所述灌溉主管406之间通过第二异径三通405相连；所述灌溉主管406通过异径四通407与所述喷灌带408相连，所述喷灌带408的末端带有夹子409；所述电控装置501分别与水源供给装置的潜水泵102、配肥装置的搅拌器204以及动力抽吸装置的电机相连。A simple fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system suitable for hilly and mountainous sweet cherry orchards, mainly composed of five parts: water source supply device, fertilizer distribution device, power suction device, field irrigation device and electric control device 501; wherein, the electric control device 501 respectively electrically connects and controls the water source supply device, fertilizer distribution device and power suction device, the water source is output to the fertilizer distribution device through the water source supply device, and the liquid fertilizer is distributed through the fertilizer distribution device after being prepared. The power suction device is sent to the field irrigation device for irrigation. The water source supply device adopts an external water source supply device; the external water source supply device includes a water source supply device and a water source transition device, and the water source supply device is a submersible pump 102 submerged in the machine well 101 below the water surface of the machine well 101. , and a water injection pipe 103 communicating with the submersible pump 102; the water source transition device includes an additional water storage tank 301; A protective cover 302 for preventing garbage, branches, weeds, etc. from entering the pool is installed above the water storage pool 301. The fertilizer distribution device includes a fertilizer distribution bucket 201 and an agitator 204 installed in the fertilizer distribution bucket 201. One end of the water inlet pipe 202 of the fertilizer distribution bucket 201 is connected to the first different-diameter tee 104, and the other end is connected to To the top of the fertilizer distribution bucket 201; the agitator 204 is installed on the top of the fertilizer distribution bucket 201 through a fixed frame 203; the power suction device includes a pump body with two water inlets and a water outlet 307, one of the water inlets of the pump body 307 communicates with the fertilizer distribution bucket 201 of the fertilizer distribution device through a fertilizer suction pipe 305; the other water inlet of the pump body 307 communicates with the water source through a water inlet pipe 304 The water storage tank 301 of the supply device is connected; the water outlet of the pump body 307 is connected with the field irrigation system through the main water and fertilizer supply pipeline 401 . Described pump body 307 is externally connected with power source, and described power source adopts off-the-shelf motor or fuel engine 309; A control valve 306 for controlling the fertilizer suction pipe 305 is installed on the pump body 307; the field irrigation system includes: a main water and fertilizer supply pipeline 401 communicated with the water outlet of the pump body 307, buried below the permafrost layer And the field main pipe 402 connected with the main water supply and fertilizer supply pipeline 401, and the irrigation main pipe 406 connected with the sprinkler belt 408; wherein the field main pipe 402 and the irrigation main pipe 406 pass through several field branch pipes with ball valves 404 403 is connected, and the field branch pipe 403 is connected with the irrigation main pipe 406 through the second different diameter tee 405; the irrigation main pipe 406 is connected with the sprinkler belt 408 through the different diameter four-way 407, and the sprinkler belt The end of 408 has a clip 409; the electric control device 501 is respectively connected with the submersible pump 102 of the water source supply device, the agitator 204 of the fertilizer distribution device and the motor of the power suction device.
实施例2Example 2
一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统，主要由水源供给装置、配肥装置、动力抽吸装置、田间灌溉装置及电控装置501五大部分构成；其中，所述电控装置501分别电连接并控制所述水源供给装置、配肥装置和动力抽吸装置，水源通过所述水源供给装置输出至所述配肥装置，经由所述配肥装置配制后将配施液体肥通过动力抽吸装置输送至田间灌溉装置进行灌溉。所述水源供给装置采用固有水源；所述固有水源采用的是丘陵山地现有的水库或水坝等天然水源储存场所作为储水池301。所述配肥装置包括配肥桶201以及安装于配肥桶201内的搅拌器204；所述供水供肥主管路401上安装有用于控制所述进水管202的控制阀310；所述搅拌器204通过固定架203安装于所述配肥桶201的上部；所述动力抽吸装置包括一个具有两个进水口和一个出水口的泵体307，所述泵体307其中一个进水口通过一吸肥管305与所述配肥装置的配肥桶201相连通；所述泵体307的另一个进水口通过一进水管304与所述水源供给装置的储水池301相连通；所述泵体307通过进水管202及阀门310实现泵体向配肥桶的供水配肥，所述泵体307的出水口通过供水供肥主管路401与所述田间灌溉系统相连。所述泵体307接入农用耕作设备如三轮车、拖拉机的作为替代动力；所述储水池301的池壁下部设有用于控制所述供水管304的供水底阀303；所述泵体307上安装有用于控制所述吸肥管305的控制阀306；所述田间灌溉系统包括：与所述泵体307出水口相连通的供水供肥主管路401、埋于冻土层以下且与所述供水供肥主管路401相连通的田间主管402，以及与喷灌带408相连通的灌溉主管406；其中所述田间主管402与灌溉主管406之间通过若干带有球阀404的田间支管403相连通，所述田间支管403与所述灌溉主管406之间通过第二异径三通405相连；所述灌溉主管406通过异径四通407与所述喷灌带408相连，所述喷灌带408的末端带有夹子409；所述电控装置501分别与配肥装置的搅拌器204以及动力抽吸装置的电机相连。A simple fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system for sweet cherry orchards in hilly areas, mainly composed of five parts: water source supply device, fertilizer distribution device, power suction device, field irrigation device and electric control device 501; wherein, the electric control device 501 is respectively Electrically connect and control the water source supply device, fertilizer distribution device and power pumping device, the water source is output to the fertilizer distribution device through the water source supply device, and the liquid fertilizer is prepared by the power pumping device after being prepared by the fertilizer distribution device The suction device is transported to the field irrigation device for irrigation. The water source supply device adopts an inherent water source; the inherent water source adopts an existing natural water source storage place such as a reservoir or a dam in a hilly area as the water storage pool 301 . The fertilizer distribution device includes a fertilizer distribution bucket 201 and an agitator 204 installed in the fertilizer distribution bucket 201; a control valve 310 for controlling the water inlet pipe 202 is installed on the main water and fertilizer supply pipeline 401; the agitator 204 is installed on the upper part of the fertilizer distribution bucket 201 through the fixing frame 203; the power suction device includes a pump body 307 with two water inlets and a water outlet, and one of the water inlets of the pump body 307 passes through a suction The fertilizer pipe 305 communicates with the fertilizer bucket 201 of the fertilizer distribution device; the other water inlet of the pump body 307 communicates with the water storage tank 301 of the water source supply device through a water inlet pipe 304; the pump body 307 The water supply and fertilizer distribution from the pump body to the fertilizer distribution tank is realized through the water inlet pipe 202 and the valve 310 , and the water outlet of the pump body 307 is connected with the field irrigation system through the main water and fertilizer supply pipeline 401 . The pump body 307 is connected to agricultural farming equipment such as tricycles and tractors as alternative power; the lower part of the pool wall of the water storage tank 301 is provided with a water supply bottom valve 303 for controlling the water supply pipe 304; There is a control valve 306 for controlling the fertilizer suction pipe 305; the field irrigation system includes: a main water supply and fertilizer supply pipeline 401 communicated with the water outlet of the pump body 307, buried below the permafrost and connected to the water supply The field main pipe 402 that is connected with the main fertilizer supply road 401, and the irrigation main pipe 406 that is connected with the sprinkler belt 408; wherein the field main pipe 402 and the irrigation main pipe 406 are connected through several field branch pipes 403 with ball valves 404, so The field branch pipe 403 is connected to the irrigation main pipe 406 through a second reducing tee 405; the irrigation main pipe 406 is connected to the sprinkler belt 408 through a different diameter four-way 407, and the end of the sprinkler belt 408 has The clip 409 and the electric control device 501 are respectively connected with the agitator 204 of the fertilizer distribution device and the motor of the power suction device.
实验例Experimental example
本实用新型的一种丘陵山地甜樱桃园简易肥水一体化灌溉系统（按照图1示意图安装），经烟台市福山区东厅街道常书丰家樱桃园（30亩）的实际使用验证：安装简易肥水一体化灌溉系统设备总成本7200元（除机井和储水池外），折合240元/亩；其中田间灌溉装置中‘405~409’的成本180元/亩，可使用4年，折合每年为45元/亩；并且常书丰的父亲（67岁）也可以熟地操作本简易肥水一体化灌溉系统。使用本灌溉系统（4千瓦的电机）20分钟内可完成1亩的灌溉和施肥，每亩用水7立方；采用大水漫灌完成一亩的灌溉2需小时、每亩用水40立方，每人每天可追肥1.5亩。按照30亩种植规模计算，采用大水漫灌灌溉一遍需60小时，需水量为1200立方，施肥一遍需20个用工（80元/天），需人工费1600元；采用本简易肥水一体化灌溉系统10小时即可灌溉和施肥一遍，需水量为210立方，灌溉和施肥1个人即可完成，灌溉时间、用水量和用工量分别是漫灌的16.7%、17.5%和5%；同时降低了大水漫灌引起裂果的数量，可将裂果率控制在8%以内（突降大雨等恶劣天气除外）。因此，本灌溉系统灌溉操作简单易懂，提不仅有利于降低劳动强度和生产经营成本，而且有利于提高肥水利用效率和工作效率，使肥水一体技术可以快速推广应用。A simple fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system for sweet cherry orchards in hilly and mountainous areas of the present utility model (installed according to the schematic diagram in Figure 1), has been verified by the actual use of Changshu Fengjia cherry orchard (30 mu) in Dongting Street, Fushan District, Yantai City: easy to install The total cost of fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system equipment is 7,200 yuan (except for the well and storage tank), which is equivalent to 240 yuan/mu; the cost of '405~409' in the field irrigation device is 180 yuan/mu, which can be used for 4 years, which is equivalent to 45 yuan/mu; and Chang Shufeng's father (67 years old) can also operate this simple fertilizer-water integrated irrigation system on familiar land. Using this irrigation system (4 kilowatt motor) can complete the irrigation and fertilization of 1 mu within 20 minutes, and use 7 cubic meters of water per mu; use flood irrigation to complete the irrigation of 1 mu in 2 hours, and use 40 cubic meters of water per mu, per person per day Can topdress 1.5 acres. Calculated according to the planting scale of 30 mu, it takes 60 hours to irrigate with flood irrigation once, the water demand is 1200 cubic meters, and 20 labors (80 yuan/day) are needed to fertilize once, and the labor cost is 1600 yuan; this simple integrated fertilizer and water irrigation system is adopted It can be irrigated and fertilized once in 10 hours, and the water demand is 210 cubic meters. Irrigation and fertilization can be completed by one person. The irrigation time, water consumption and labor consumption are respectively 16.7%, 17.5% and 5% of flood irrigation; at the same time, the flood is reduced The number of cracked fruits caused by flood irrigation can control the cracking rate within 8% (except for severe weather such as sudden heavy rain). Therefore, the irrigation operation of this irrigation system is simple and easy to understand, which not only helps to reduce labor intensity and production and operation costs, but also helps to improve fertilizer and water utilization efficiency and work efficiency, so that the integrated fertilizer and water technology can be quickly popularized and applied.
此外，与滴管系统（除机井和储水池外，成本为450元/亩）相比，本灌溉系统每亩地节约投入210元，解决了滴管系统生产应用中成本高、滴键容易堵塞、根系分布区灌溉不均匀等问题。In addition, compared with the dripper system (except for the well and the storage tank, the cost is 450 yuan/mu), this irrigation system saves 210 yuan per mu of land, which solves the high cost and easy blockage of the dripper system in the production and application of the dripper system , Uneven irrigation in the root distribution area and other problems.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108283046A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-17 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | High-efficient irrigation system suitable for dense planting crop water-fertilizer integral |
| CN113455361A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-10-01 | 常熟市景园绿化工程有限公司 | Water and fertilizer supply system for automatic control of container seedling base |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108283046A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-17 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | High-efficient irrigation system suitable for dense planting crop water-fertilizer integral |
| CN113455361A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-10-01 | 常熟市景园绿化工程有限公司 | Water and fertilizer supply system for automatic control of container seedling base |
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