CN205518946U - Half automatic separation equipment of domestic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a semi-automatic sorting device for domestic garbage, which comprises a feeding platform, a coarse bag breaking device, a secondary bag breaking device and a bag slag separation device according to the flow direction of bagged garbage processing. The bag device and the secondary bag breaking device are conveyed by a transmission belt and equipped with a manual sorting platform, wherein the coarse bag breaking device is used for primary puncture of garbage bags, and the secondary bag breaking device is used for secondary breaking of garbage bags And squeeze out the moisture in the household garbage, the bag slag separation device is used to separate various types of household garbage and garbage bags. The utility model separates the kitchen garbage while breaking the bagged garbage, selectively crushes the bulk materials in the garbage, removes the materials of the winding equipment, and then performs screening and semi-automatic manual sorting, so that the resource It is effectively recycled, and the waste is reduced from the source.

Description

Domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting equipment

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a semi-automatic sorting device for household garbage.

Background technique

With population growth and urbanization, the rapid increase in the amount of waste will increase the processing load of landfills and waste incineration plants, which will have a serious impact on the environment in the long run. At present, many countries and regions are devoting themselves to research on how to dispose of waste with low pollution and recycle it into resources. However, all of these will depend on the foundation of waste disposal—waste classification.

Doing a good job in garbage classification is of great help to the follow-up garbage treatment. It can start from the source of garbage generation to reduce garbage, recycle reusable resources, and reduce resource waste. Residential domestic waste in my country is mostly mixed waste, mainly composed of perishable organic matter, coal ash, sediment, plastic, paper, etc., with high water content and complex composition, large and uneven structure, and quite difficult to classify.

At present, there are three main ways of garbage classification in my country:

The first is direct manual sorting, which is the simplest sorting method. The sorting efficiency is low and it is easy to cause secondary pollution. The harsh sorting environment seriously affects the health of workers.

The second is to break the bagged garbage first, and then carry out screening and manual sorting. This method is mainly based on the equipment in developed countries such as Europe and the United States for garbage disposal. However, most residents of foreign domestic garbage have collected garbage in bags according to classification, while domestic garbage in my country is collected in mixed bags, which need to be unpacked before separation and decomposition. , therefore, the efficiency of sorting mixed bagged waste cannot be improved.

The third is to crush and sort the bulk materials in the garbage while breaking the bags of the bagged garbage, and then sieve and manually sort. This method is the most effective of the three sorting methods, but there are still deficiencies: the general use of high-speed impact, shearing-based rotary hammer crushing (bag breaking), or the use of ore crushing and other mining equipment (such as Fixed-toothed roller crusher) for bag breaking and crushing, so that under the action of high-speed impact and shearing, inorganic brittle materials such as bricks, glass, etc. are excessively crushed, and they will be mixed with organic waste with high moisture content. Effective separation directly affects the quality of subsequent processing of organic waste, such as composting. Especially after waste batteries and other heavy metal-rich garbage are shredded, not only is it difficult to effectively sort, but also leachate will be precipitated, causing secondary pollution. In addition, the phenomenon of winding occurs from time to time, and it is difficult to unload the material, which affects the normal operation of the equipment. At the same time, it also has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and high noise.

From the above three garbage sorting methods, we can see the defects of mixed bagged garbage sorting technology, so there is an urgent need for a bagged garbage sorting device that can efficiently sort all kinds of garbage and avoid leachate precipitation to cause environmental pollution.

Utility model content

In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the technical purpose of the present invention is to provide a semi-automatic sorting equipment for household garbage, which can mechanically break bags and separate bags of bagged garbage through a coarse bag breaking device, a secondary bag breaking device and a bag slag separation device. Slag separation, and three manual separations are set up, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of waste sorting and realizing the reuse of energy in domestic waste.

Technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A semi-automatic sorting device for domestic garbage according to the present invention, according to the flow direction of bagged garbage treatment, it includes a feeding platform, a coarse bag breaking device, a secondary bag breaking device and a bag slag separation device, the feeding platform, coarse breaking device The bag device and the secondary bag breaking device are conveyed by a transmission belt and equipped with a manual sorting platform, wherein the coarse bag breaking device is used for primary puncture of garbage bags, and the secondary bag breaking device is used for secondary breaking of garbage bags And squeeze out the moisture in the household garbage, the bag slag separation device is used to separate various types of household garbage and garbage bags.

Further in the present invention, the coarse bag-breaking device has a disc-shaped blade, and vertical fixed shafts are respectively connected to both sides of the disc-shaped blade. Slotted hole; the top of the disc-shaped blade and the two ends of the central rotating shaft are respectively equipped with compression springs for positioning, abdicating, and resetting (for super-conventional large component garbage) of the blade.

Further in the present invention, the secondary bag breaking device includes a bag breaking device inner cavity, and the bag breaking device inner cavity is provided with a horizontal hydraulic push plate, a vertical hydraulic push plate and a hydraulic device arranged on the horizontal hydraulic push plate , the horizontal hydraulic push plate is perpendicular to the direction of waste disposal flow, and the longitudinal hydraulic push plate is consistent with the flow direction of waste disposal; the surface of the inner cavity of the bag breaking device and the horizontal hydraulic push plate are provided with several sharp protrusions device, the protruding sharp is a needle.

In order to prevent the leakage of garbage odor, the outlet of the secondary bag breaking device is provided with an elastic door that can be turned up and down.

Further in the present invention, the bag and slag separating device mainly includes a hollow drum and a power source for centrifugally moving the drum, the drum runs through along its center line, and several blades are arranged inside the drum.

In order to make it easier to discharge the garbage residue broken by the centrifugal movement from the outlet, the included angle between the cylinder body of the drum and the horizontal plane is 5-30°.

As a preference, the outer shell of the drum is in the shape of a cylinder, and the cross-section of the inner wall of the drum is hexagonal.

In order to better crush the bagged garbage, each hexagonal prism on the inner wall of the drum is equipped with a blade, the blade is an acute triangle, and the two waists of the acute triangle are serrated, and the serrated blade is used to scratch or trash bag.

In order to prevent the leakage of leachate after bagged garbage is broken, there is a grid at the bottom of the coarse bag breaking device, and a leachate collection pool is connected to the bottom of the coarse bag breaking device.

In order to prevent secondary pollution of the environment by the leachate, the leachate collection pool is also connected to a high-temperature boiler, and the leachate collection pool sprays the leachate into the high-temperature boiler through nozzles.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

The new domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting equipment provided by the invention aims at the status quo of my country's garbage treatment process, mechanically breaks the bagged garbage and separates the bag slag, clears the materials of the winding equipment, improves the efficiency of bag breaking, and is beneficial to the efficiency of garbage sorting Improvement can also reduce the damage to mechanical equipment caused by entanglements; and squeeze out the landfill leachate to reduce the water content of domestic waste and the residence time of waste. At the same time, in conjunction with the manual sorting method, the domestic waste is sorted three times, and the kitchen waste, garden waste and recyclable waste that can be converted by heat are sorted out, so as to realize the resource reuse and energy utilization of domestic waste, so that domestic waste can be reduced from the source. quantity.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the semi-automatic household garbage sorting equipment of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the rough bag breaking device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the secondary bag breaking device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drum of the bags and slag separating device of the present invention.

detailed description

The utility model will be described in further detail below through specific preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the utility model is not limited to the following embodiments.

Domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting equipment

As shown in Figure 1, the domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting equipment described in the utility model includes a feeding platform 1, a coarse bag breaking device 3, a secondary bag breaking device 4 and a bag slag separation device according to the flow direction of bagged garbage treatment 7. The bagged garbage is fed from the feeding platform 1, and is transferred to the coarse bag breaking device 3 for pretreatment through the primary conveyor belt 2, and then the household garbage is sent to the secondary bag breaking device 4 for processing through the primary conveyor belt 2, and then Push directly to bag residue separating device 7. A primary sorting platform is arranged beside the primary conveyor belt 2 of the feeding platform 1 and the coarse bag breaking device, for manual selection of garden waste and kitchen waste. A secondary sorting platform is provided between the coarse bag-breaking device 3 and the secondary bag-breaking device 4 to sort out kitchen waste. Here, a kitchen waste collection tank 5 can also be provided to collect the sorted kitchen waste. Surplus rubbish is stored in this kitchen waste collecting tank 5 temporarily. The bagged garbage processed by the bag-slag separation device 7 is sent to the non-recyclable garbage storage box 9 through the secondary conveyor belt 8. A third sorting platform and a recyclable garbage dump 10 can be set near the secondary conveyor belt 8. Manually Pick out the recyclables again.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the coarse bag breaking device 3 has a disc-shaped blade 31 , preferably a disc-gear-shaped blade. Described disc-shaped blade 31 both sides are respectively connected with vertical fixed shaft 32, and described fixed shaft 32 has the slotted hole 33 for described disc-shaped blade 31 to move up and down; The top of described disc-shaped blade 31 and The two ends of the central rotating shaft are connected with a spring 34 respectively, and the spring 34 is used for the positioning of the disc-shaped blade 31. When faced with the super-conventional large-component garbage, the large-component garbage is allowed to pass after the blade 31 is abdicated, or the blade 31 moves upward. reset. The bottom of the rough bag breaking device 3 is in the shape of a grid, and a leachate collection tank 6 is connected to the bottom of the rough bag breaking device 3 . The leachate collection tank 6 is also connected with a high-temperature boiler, which sprays the leachate into the high-temperature boiler through nozzles. Domestic garbage in bags enters the primary conveyor belt 2 from the garbage feeding platform 1, and the friction of the primary conveyor belt 2 drives the garbage transmission. When the domestic garbage passes through the coarse bag breaking device 3, the transmission of the garbage will drive the disc-shaped blade 31 Rotate, bagged rubbish contacts with disc-shaped blade 31 and is torn rift. If the volume of garbage is too large to continue to drive forward through the lower end of the disc-shaped blade 31, the disc-shaped blade 31 will be lifted up by the bulk garbage. under the action of reset. Household garbage is torn apart by the rough bag breaking device 3 and continues to move forward, and the sorting personnel will pick out the garden garbage and kitchen garbage found at a sorting station.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the secondary bag breaking device 4 includes a bag breaking device inner cavity 45, which includes a horizontal hydraulic push plate 46, a vertical hydraulic push plate 47, and a The hydraulic device 48 on the hydraulic push plate 46. The horizontal hydraulic push plate 46 is perpendicular to the direction of garbage disposal. When domestic waste enters the secondary bag breaking device 4, the hydraulic device 48 is activated. The horizontal hydraulic push plate 46 is pushed forward by the hydraulic thrust, and the horizontal hydraulic push plate 46 is distributed There is a protruding sharp 49 with a certain density, preferably a needle, more preferably a metal needle, and this sharp protrusion 49 will pierce the bagged garbage encountered; There are protruding sharps 49 with a certain density. When domestic waste is squeezed and these protruding sharps 49 produce force, various plastic bags and woven bags will be torn, and the moisture (leachate) contained in the garbage will be destroyed. It is squeezed out and flows into the leachate collection tank 6 through the grid 40 provided at the bottom of the device. The collected leachate is sprayed into the thermal conversion device through the nozzle, and the high temperature makes the leachate vaporize and can kill harmful substances in the leachate. After secondary bag breaking and extrusion bag breaking, the domestic garbage to be sorted can reduce the water content by 5% to 8%, which can reduce the residence time of garbage.

The outlet of the secondary bag breaking device 4 is provided with an elastic door 41 for sealing the outlet, which can be turned up and down. At least one thick spring is installed on both sides of the inner bottom of the elastic door 41. The pressure of the spring and the thrust of the hydraulic device 48 adapt. After the horizontal hydraulic push plate 46 is reset, the vertical hydraulic push plate 47 is pushed forward due to the driving force, and pushes the squeezed household garbage to the outlet of the secondary bag breaking device 4. The spring is tightened until the hydraulic pressure continues to increase, and the spring is kept in balance with the hydraulic pressure by opening, and the elastic door 41 will be opened automatically to complete the discharge of garbage. When the longitudinal hydraulic push plate 47 is pulled back, the elastic door automatically returns to the closed state under the force of the spring. This design makes the elastic door 41 better in sealing performance and will not cause odor leakage and leachate seepage. leak. After the domestic waste is broken and squeezed by the secondary bag breaking device 4, the sorting personnel sort out the kitchen waste at the secondary sorting station and temporarily store it in the kitchen waste collection tank 5.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , the garbage processed by the secondary bag breaking device 4 is squeezed and pushed into the bag and residue separating device 7 . The bag and slag separation device achieves the purpose of separating various types of garbage and garbage bags through automatic bag hanging and centrifugal slag raising. It mainly includes a hollow drum 72 and a power source for centrifugally moving the drum 72 , the drum 72 runs through along its centerline, and a number of blades are arranged inside the drum 72 .

Specifically, the shell 74 of the drum 72 is cylindrical, the cross section of the inner wall 73 of the drum 72 is hexagonal, and a blade 75 is arranged on each hexagonal column of the inner wall 73 of the drum 72, and the blade is an acute triangle. , the sides of the triangle are jagged. The drum 72 is driven by the engine to start the gear before the garbage enters, so as not to increase the energy consumption of the drum starting due to the excessive weight of the garbage, and stop the power supply after the garbage is thrown out. After the domestic garbage enters, it will move centrifugally in the same direction as the drum rotates, and the rotation speed can be adjusted as needed. The blade 75 on the inner wall 73 of the drum breaks the bag during the rolling rotation. In addition, the blade teeth of the rolling knife 75 follow the drum 72 The rolling hangs the garbage bag in the inner wall 73. Thereby separating plastic bags and all kinds of garbage. In addition, the rubbish is in contact with the blade 75 from time to time while doing centrifugal movement, and the rubbish is further broken through the interaction. The cylinder body of the bag-slag separating device 4 is set at an angle of about 5-30° with the horizontal plane, so that the garbage residue broken by centrifugal movement is easier to be discharged from the outlet, and then enters the secondary conveyor belt.

Description of the operating process of the new type of domestic waste semi-automatic sorting equipment:

1. Household garbage enters the primary conveyor belt 2, and the friction of the conveyor belt drives the garbage transmission. When the household garbage passes through the coarse bag breaking device 3, the transmission of the garbage will drive the disc-shaped blade 31 to rotate, and the bagged garbage will contact the disc-shaped blade 31 tear open the rift.

2. The domestic garbage processed by the above coarse bag breaking device 3 enters the secondary bag breaking device 4 through the conveyor belt, and the horizontal hydraulic push plate 46 is pushed forward by the hydraulic thrust, and the protruding sharps 49 on the horizontal hydraulic push plate 46 will The rubbish bags touched are punctured; when the domestic garbage is squeezed and comes into contact with the metal needles on the surface of the inner cavity, various plastic bags and woven bags will be torn, and the moisture contained in the garbage will be squeezed out .

3. The garbage processed by the secondary bag breaking device 4 is squeezed and pushed into the bag and slag separation device 7. After the domestic garbage enters, it will move centrifugally in the same direction as the drum 72 rotates. 75 contacts, the garbage is further broken through interaction; and different types of domestic garbage are separated through different rotational speeds of centrifugal motion.

The content described in the embodiments of this specification is only an enumeration of the realization forms of the utility model concept, and the protection scope of the utility model should not be regarded as being limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments, and the protection scope of the utility model also involves this invention. Equivalent technical means that those skilled in the art can think of according to the concept of the utility model.

Claims (9)

1. A semi-automatic sorting device for domestic garbage, characterized in that, according to the flow direction of bagged garbage treatment, it includes a feeding platform, a coarse bag breaking device, a secondary bag breaking device and a bag slag separation device, the feeding platform, coarse The bag-breaking device and the secondary bag-breaking device are conveyed by a transmission belt and equipped with a manual sorting platform, wherein the coarse bag-breaking device is used for primary puncture of garbage bags, and the secondary bag-breaking device is used for secondary breaking of garbage bags and squeeze out the moisture in domestic garbage, the bag slag separation device is used to separate various types of domestic garbage and garbage bags. 2. The domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the coarse bag breaking device has a disc-shaped blade, and the two sides of the disc-shaped blade are respectively connected with vertical fixed shafts, and the The fixed shaft has a slot hole for the disc-shaped blade to move up and down; the top of the disc-shaped blade and the two ends of the central rotating shaft are respectively equipped with compression springs for positioning, abdicating and resetting the blade. 3. The domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, the secondary bag breaking device includes a bag breaking device inner cavity, and the bag breaking device inner cavity is provided with a horizontal hydraulic push plate, a longitudinal hydraulic pressure The push plate and the hydraulic device arranged on the horizontal hydraulic push plate, the horizontal hydraulic push plate is perpendicular to the flow direction of garbage disposal, and the longitudinal hydraulic push plate is consistent with the flow direction of garbage disposal; the surface of the inner cavity of the bag breaking device And the horizontal hydraulic push plate is provided with several protruding sharps. 4. The domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the outlet of the secondary bag breaking device is provided with an elastic door that can be turned up and down. 5. The domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting device according to claim 1, wherein the bag-slag separation device mainly includes a hollow drum and a power source for centrifugally moving the drum, and the drum is aligned along its center line. The direction runs through, and several blades are arranged inside the drum. 6. The domestic waste semi-automatic sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that the angle between the body of the drum and the horizontal plane is 5-30°. 7. The domestic waste semi-automatic sorting device according to claim 6, characterized in that, the shell of the drum is in the shape of a cylinder, and the section of the inner wall of the drum is in a hexagonal shape. 8. The domestic waste semi-automatic sorting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, each hexagonal prism on the inner wall of the drum is provided with a blade, and the blade is in the form of an acute triangle, and the two waists of the acute triangle are serrated . 9. The domestic garbage semi-automatic sorting device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that there is a grid at the bottom of the rough bag breaking device, and a grid is connected to the bottom of the rough bag breaking device Leachate collection tank.