CN204385308U

CN204385308U - For generation of the low resistance electrode assemblie of metal

Info

Publication number: CN204385308U
Application number: CN201420801618.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: W·R·P·贝伦兹; S·D·哈利
Original assignee: Hatch Ltd
Current assignee: Aluminum Reduction Technology Co
Priority date: 2013-12-16
Filing date: 2014-12-16
Publication date: 2015-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 2024-12-16
Also published as: BR112015030764A2; CA2838113C; US20160208399A1; AR098725A1; CN104831320B; CN104831320A; CA2838113A1; AU2014366822A1; AP2015008911A0; CA2914511C; EA201690315A1; CA2914511A1; EP3017090A1; WO2015089654A1

Abstract

A kind of electrode assemblie used in the electrolyzer for generation of metal (such as aluminium).This electrode comprises conductive carbon electrode block, and wherein conducting metal component is connected to this carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.At least one solid-state conductive metal insert is contained in carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block with shrink-fit at least in part, applies transverse force to make insert on carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.This insert provides the conduction of improvement to be connected between carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block with conducting metal component, and has the resistance of reduction.Can to provide between electrode block with hardware direct is connected for this insert, or this connection is by being located at cast iron layer between electrode block and hardware or other hardwares provide.Electrode assemblie can comprise male or female.

Description

For generation of the low resistance electrode assemblie of metal

The cross reference of related application

This application claims right of priority and the rights and interests of the Canadian patent application No.2838113 submitted on December 16th, 2013, the content of this application is included in this by quoting.

Technical field

This subject content relates to for the electrode assemblie in the electrolytic reduction of upgrading material, includes but not limited to use in aluminium cell.This subject content resistance related more specifically in anode and cathode assembly reduces and distribution of current is improved, thus reduces power consumption, improves cell performance and improve the working life of anode and negative electrode.

Background technology

Hall-Ai Lutefa (Hall-Heroult process) is known process of being carried out aluminium synthesis by electrolytic reduction oxidation aluminium.This process to use in electrolyzer the prebake carbon anode paired with relative carbon cathode or cures carbon anode on the spot and overlay on the molten metal pad of the conductive aluminum on cathode top, and this negative electrode and positive electrode is separated by the fused electrolyte (' electrolytic solution (bath) ') comprising dissolved oxygen aluminium.During this process, electric current flows through dissolved oxygen aluminium reducing is become molten aluminum and produce carbon monoxide/or carbonic acid gas bottom anode between the anode and the cathode.Conductive molten aluminium is sink to aluminium lamination on carbon cathode top or ' metal gasket ', becomes a part for circuit thus.Add aluminum oxide from suspension hopper to electrolytic solution, come to extract molten aluminum from electrolyzer by interval siphon to mobile crucible simultaneously.

Prebake carbon anode is attached to the lower end of vertical conductor bar and is supported by it, and the upper end of this conductor rods is clamped to remittance stream beam.Vertical conductor bar is made of aluminum or copper, and is usually engaged to carbon anode by lower horizontal steel yoke and 1 to 8 (or more) pole steel short columns being attached to this yoke.

Carbon anode is formed with prefabricated recess (short column hole), and corresponding short column is assembled in these recesses.Short column and anode pass through cylinder iron subsequently or fill the space between them with carbon paste tackiness agent and be engaged.When making cylinder iron to engage, the solidification iron hoop between short column and carbon anode is called as ' collar '.In reduction process, by being combined with the oxygen derivative from reduction-oxidation aluminium, major part is consumed carbon anode.Anode assemblies has the responsibilities life-span being generally 20-30 days in a cell.The U.S. Patent No. 3,398 of the people such as Bonfils authorized by such typical anode assembly, open in 081.

Prebake cathode assembly comprises prebake carbon (carbon or graphite) negative electrode, and it is connected to one or more steel collector bar being arranged in the groove of negative electrode bottom side by cast iron or carbon paste.Collector bar is longer than negative electrode and is projected through cell sidewall for being connected to bus-bar.Negative electrode has the responsibilities life-span being generally 5-10, and during this period, carbon can corrode, and is preferentially in the power path of most low-resistance and highest current density.Cathode block experience is adsorbed from the sodium of electrolytic solution, aluminising and the thermal stresses that causes because of the uneven temperature profile owing to running through carbon and vertical uplift, and these conditions increase the resistance of cathode assembly gradually.When resistance becomes too high or the aluminium that extracts comprises too many iron (collector bar has been dissolved in this instruction), from service, remove electrolyzer to change novel material.

Aluminum oxide is reduced into aluminium and is the very little part of the total electric energy usually consumed between anodic bus bars connects to cathodic bus bars by the electric energy needed for the heating alumina entered to reduction temperature.Catabiotic balance be freed from the heat that the resistance in each assembly of electrobath circuit and linkage interface produces, this heat is removed in environment.The factor affecting the resistance of interface comprises the contact pressure between the resistance of adjacent material, the surface-area at interface and degree of cleaning and adjacent material.Although it is conduction that anode is connected with the cast iron used in cathode assembly, they still show sizable resistance, and it produces the ohmic heating directly do not contributed electrolytic reduction process.High resistance is the contraction because iron experiences at solidificating period at least in part.This problem can be aggravated because of the different heat expansion of the various materials of electrode assemblie when electrolyzer is heated to working temperature.

In the past for improve for the electrolytic process efficiency of Metal Production effort otherwise be absorbed in the distribution of current improved in anode and negative electrode, and/or reduce electrode assemblie each element between resistance.Such as, several patents and published disclose has extension to increase the collar with the contact surface area of anode, thus improves distribution of current and reduce resistance.The example of this class formation in U.S. Patent No. 4,552,638,4,557,817 and 4,824, open in 543.Other people have attempted vertical current distribution (such as, US 4,621,674) by changing to collar interpolation undercutting or lateral extensions in the collar.Other people have attempted the contact pressure changed between the carbon dioxide process carbon electrode of electrode assemblie and other elements, such as by providing the graphite backing of expansion (such as in cathode collector bar groove, authorize the US patent No.7 of the people such as Hiltmann, 776, 190), or taper is provided, straight, or threaded web member, this web member is assembled with the stress relief groove in low press-fit and joint pin, or assemble with loose fit, this pin only expands with the temperature raised and tightens up (such as, US patent No.3, 179, 736, 3, 390, 071, 3, 489, 984 and 3, 499, 831).The machinery that other people have used replacement material and method to provide between short column with anode and have separated is connected (such as, International Publication No.WO 2009/099335) with conduction.

Though have in the past for improving the effort of electrolytic process efficiency, but still exist to by help reach every kilogram produce the further minimizing of the energy that metal consumes, the carbon emission of minimizing and the anode of carbon depletion and longer electrode life and the needs of cathode assembly.

Utility model content

In one embodiment, provide a kind of electrode assemblie used in for generation of the electrolyzer of metal, this electrode assemblie comprises: (a) has the conductive carbon electrode block of first surface and second surface, wherein when this electrode assemblie in use, first surface is towards the inside of electrolyzer; B () has the conducting metal component of first end and the second end, wherein the first end of this hardware is connected to carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block in an electrically conductive manner, and the second end of this hardware is adapted to for being connected to bus-bar in an electrically conductive manner; C () is contained in the solid-state conductive metal insert in carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block at least in part, wherein this insert extends into this carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block from the second surface of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block; And wherein this metal insert is contained in carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block with shrink-fit, on carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, apply transverse force to make this insert.

According to an aspect, this electrode is prebake carbon anode, and wherein the first surface of this carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is its basal surface, and wherein this conducting metal component comprises vertical conductor bar.This conducting metal component can comprise short vertical leg at its first end further, the recess that this carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has the top surface relative with basal surface, formed in top surface, and wherein one end of this short vertical leg is contained in this recess.The second surface that this insert extends wherein can comprise the internal surface of this recess, and this internal surface is selected from basal surface and the side surface of this recess.Such as, this insert is extensible to be entered the basal surface of this recess and extends vertically downward from it, and/or the extensible side surface that enters this recess of this insert radial toward extension from it, wherein this insert each optionally optionally comprise enlarge head from the basal surface of this recess or the outstanding part of side surface.This insert can be downward and outward-dipping from second surface.In the basal surface that multiple insert can be located at this recess and/or side surface, wherein each insert is contained in this carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block at least in part.

According on the other hand, this recess can be provided with conducting metal liner, is formed to conduct electricity to be connected by this conducting metal liner between this short column with carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, and wherein this insert or the plurality of insert and this recess conducting metal liner direct conduction contact.This conducting metal liner can comprise cast part at least partially, this cast part is formed on the spot between this short column and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.Such as, a part for this conducting metal liner can comprise solid preform, this solid preform combines with this cast part between the Formation period of metal gasket, and wherein this insert or the plurality of insert before this cast part of formation with this prefabricated component direct conduction contact.This prefabricated component can comprise the base plate contacted with the basal surface of this recess.

According to another aspect, this electrode assemblie can comprise multiple short vertical leg at its first end further, and these short columns are spaced apart from each other, and wherein carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is formed with multiple recess in its top surface, and one end of each short vertical leg is contained in a corresponding recess; And wherein each short vertical leg is for fixing to vertical conductor bar by conducting metal yoke.This electrode assemblie can comprise multiple conductive bypass separator component further, wherein each conductive bypass separator component bypasses this yoke and a short vertical leg, wherein the first end of each bypass component is connected to vertical conductor bar by conduction connection, and the second end is connected to carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by conduction connection.This carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is provided with multiple insert in its top surface, and wherein the second end of each bypass component is connected at least one insert.Second end of each bypass component is fixed to the top surface of this electrode by least one insert, and wherein the second end of each bypass component comprises extensible or flexible portion.

According to another aspect, this carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has the top surface relative with basal surface, and in its top surface, be provided with multiple insert, wherein this electrode assemblie comprises neck shape web member further, this neck shape web member has sidewall to hold the first end of conducting metal component and to provide the conduction between conducting metal component with carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block to be connected, and wherein this neck shape web member comprises at least one attachment portion further, this attachment portion is connected to this sidewall and stretches out from it, at least one insert that each attachment portion is connected in described insert is connected to provide the conduction between at least one insert of this attachment portion and this.The plurality of insert can distribute across the top surface of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, and wherein (all) attachment portions are connected to each insert.This conducting metal component can comprise short vertical leg at its first end further, and wherein each short vertical leg is for fixing to vertical conductor bar by conducting metal yoke; This electrode assemblie comprises multiple neck shape web member further, and the sidewall of each neck shape web member holds one end of a short vertical leg; And each attachment portion is connected to all short vertical leg conductively by this neck shape web member.

According to another aspect, carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has the top surface relative with basal surface, and be provided with multiple insert in its top surface, wherein this electrode assemblie comprises yoke assembly further, provide to conduct electricity between conducting metal component with carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by this yoke assembly and be connected; Wherein this yoke assembly comprises multiple bending metals strut, each bending metals strut has upper end and relative lower end, this upper end connects the lower end being fixed to conducting metal component by conduction, this lower end is for fixing to carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by least one insert by conduction connection.The lower end of this strut can be departed from each other and depart from conducting metal component and stretched out, and this yoke assembly can comprise a pair strut arranged relative to one another.

According to another aspect, this electrode is prebake carbon cathode, wherein the first surface of this carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is its top surface, and this carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has the basal surface relative with top surface, and wherein this conducting metal component comprises collector bar, one end of this collector bar is contained in the groove in basal surface, this collector bar and basal surface substantially parallel.Cast iron layer can be provided with in the cell between collector bar and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.The second surface that this insert extends wherein can comprise the internal surface of this groove, and the internal surface of this groove is selected from top surface and the side surface of this groove.This insert can have flat head portion, and this head is contained between cast iron layer and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, and conducting metal liner and/or conducting metal packing ring can be contained between the flat head portion of this insert and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

According to another aspect, this collector bar is provided with one or more collector bar anchor log, and each anchor log has the second end in the first end and embedded in cast iron layer being attached to collector bar.Such as, the first end of each anchor log comprises threaded rod handle, and this threaded rod handle is contained in the threaded hole of collector bar.

According to another aspect, this insert second surface be contained in wherein comprises the basal surface of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, and this collector bar has the emerge substantially coplanar with the basal surface of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.Conducting metal web member can be attached to the basal surface of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block and the emerge of collector bar, is connected to provide the conduction between collector bar with carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.This conducting metal web member is attached to the top surface of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by insert, and contacts conductively with insert.This conducting metal web member is the form of one or more layers planar metal band.This band can have extensible portion, the different heat expansion of the axle defined along collector bar in response to collector bar and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block with permitting conductive metal connecting piece and modification.Alternatively, this conducting metal web member can comprise flexible cable connector, and it can be provided with lug end.

According to another aspect, this electrode assemblie can comprise the multiple inserts in the basal surface being located at carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, wherein each insert is contained in carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block at least in part, and this electrode assemblie can comprise multiple conducting metal web member further, each conducting metal web member provides the conduction between collector bar with at least one insert to be connected.Insert can be opened along the length separation of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, and/or insert can have different size, to control the resistance of top surface relative to the outside of collector bar of carbon block.

According to another aspect, the size of the thickness of insert and the width in hole is relative to each other designed such that the interfacial contact pressure between insert and adjacent carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is at least about 1kPa.Such as, interfacial contact pressure can be less than about 10MPa, and/or interfacial contact pressure can at about 1MPa to about between 10MPa.Maximum interfacial contact pressure can be less than makes carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block around break the about half of required parting pressure.

According to another aspect, second end be adapted to for being connected to bus-bar of this hardware comprises the connecting surface being adapted to and mating with bus-bar, and wherein this connecting surface is plated or is coated with corrosion-resistant conductive material.

According to another aspect, in hole that is that insert is contained in preboring in carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block or that formed.

According to another aspect, this electrode is prebake, and insert was inserted into carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block before or after this electrode of prebake.

According to another aspect, collector bar is supported in the groove of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by least one suspension assembly, and this suspension assembly comprises the tongue be slidably received within groove portion.This groove portion is for fixing to carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by one or more conducting metal insert, and this tongue is fixed to collector bar.

According to another aspect, the magnetic providing a kind of steel tank shell for being removably attached to the electrolyzer for generation of metal installs radiator element.This magnetic is installed radiator element and is comprised: (a) has the base plate of basal surface and top surface, and wherein basal surface is adapted to and is received against pot shell; B one or more alar parts that () extends from the top surface of base plate; C () one or more magnet with the Curie point being at least about 500 degrees Celsius, this one or more magnet is fixed to base plate.

According to another aspect, the magnet that magnetic installs radiator element can comprise rare-earth magnet and/or non-ferromagnetic.Such as, magnet can comprise SmCo or aluminium nickel cobalt (magnet steel) alloy magnet.

According to another aspect, this magnetic installs radiator element can comprise the basal surface being attached to magnet and the thermal insulation barriers be seated between magnet and pot shell further, and wherein this thermal insulation barriers comprises the non-flammable material thin-layer with low heat conductivity.

According to another aspect, provide a kind of magnetic mounting mat of the steel tank shell for being removably attached to the electrolyzer for generation of metal.This magnetic mounting mat comprises: (a) one or more layers there is the flexible high-temperature resistant material of the fusing point being at least about 600 degrees Celsius; And (b) multiple magnet, it is attached to this material so that pad is retained to pot shell.

According to another aspect, the Curie point of the magnet of this magnetic mounting mat and confining force make them lose enough confining forces when the preset temperature corresponding with the high-temperature-phase being difficult to accept of steel tank shell.Magnet can be made up of iron containing alloy, nonferrous alloy or rare earth alloy.

According to another aspect, the material of magnetic mounting mat can comprise flexible glass or ceramic fiber cloth.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In order to make subject content required for protection more fully be understood, reference will be made to accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the cross section running through prior art electrolyzer;

Fig. 2 and 3 illustrates the three-dimensional view of the short column of prior art anode assemblies before and after the short column hole of inserting anode block;

Figure 4 and 5 are three-dimensional views of the casting of the collar illustrated in the prior art anode of Fig. 2 and 3;

Fig. 5 a is the sections transverse viewgraph of cross-section of the amplification of the short column of the prior art anode running through Fig. 5, the collar and anode block;

Fig. 6 and 7 is the three-dimensional views of the electrode that the Fig. 5 being provided with conductive bypass separator component is shown;

Fig. 8 is the part isometric viewgraph of cross-section of the recess for holding short column illustrated according to embodiment described herein;

Fig. 8 a is the close-up cross-sectional view of insert embedded in the wall in the short column hole shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 9 is the part isometric viewgraph of cross-section of the recess for holding short column illustrated according to another embodiment described herein;

Fig. 9 a illustrates the prefabricated component for the formation of the collar according to embodiment described herein;

Figure 10 is the cross sectional side view that the electrode with collar anchor log is shown;

Figure 11 and 12 illustrates the electrode assemblie of the assembly of the top surface comprised for short column being attached to anode block;

Figure 13 is the three-dimensional view of the electrode assemblie with low resistance yoke assembly as described herein;

Figure 14 a to 14e is the side-view of various types of conductive inserts as described herein and connection;

Figure 15 and 16 is three-dimensional views of the casting of the cast iron layer illustrated in prior art cathode assembly;

Figure 17 is the three-dimensional view that cathode block is shown, is wherein provided to the connection of collector bar by multiple band web member;

Figure 18 is the side-view of the cathode block of Figure 17;

Figure 19 is the partial cross sectional running through cathode block that an embodiment is shown, is wherein provided to the connection of collector bar by the band web member of the form of replacement;

Figure 20 is the part isometric view that the cathode block of another embodiment is partly shown with cross section, is wherein provided to the connection of collector bar by the band web member of the form of replacement;

Figure 21 is the three-dimensional view of the steel cathode collector bar with electrically-conducting metal surface coating;

Figure 22 is the partial view of the groove of cathode assembly according to embodiment disclosed herein;

Figure 23 is the three-dimensional view of a part for the conductive gasket illustrated for cathode can;

Figure 24 is the partial view of the groove of cathode assembly according to another embodiment disclosed herein;

Figure 25 to 28 is views of cathode assembly, shows the replacement method for collector bar being connected to cathode block;

Figure 29 is the partial cross sectional running through cathode assembly according to another embodiment disclosed herein;

Figure 30 is the feature of the region A of Figure 29;

Figure 31 is the three-dimensional view of the one end of the cathode block illustrated according to another embodiment disclosed herein;

Figure 32 is the longitudinal cross-section running through cathode assembly according to another embodiment disclosed herein;

Figure 33 illustrates the possible position of the cathode assembly of Figure 32 together with groove anchor log;

Figure 34 is the exploded view installing radiator element according to the magnetic of embodiment disclosed herein; And

Figure 35 is the exploded view of the magnetic mounting mat according to embodiment disclosed herein.

Embodiment

Now with reference to the Hall-Ai Lutefa for being carried out aluminium synthesis by electrolytic reduction oxidation aluminium, some embodiment is described.But will understand, embodiment described herein can be modified to use in other electrolytic reductions for generation of metal or chemicals that also can use the metal electrode that is connected to carbon anode or negative electrode or electro-erosion process, includes but not limited to the electrolytic reduction of lithium, sodium and magnesium.

Although prebaked anode technology passes the larger anode having developed into and had larger or more short column in time, and developed into the larger electrolyzer with higher applying amperage, but subject content disclosed herein can be applicable to prebake carbon anode and the prebake carbon cathode of form of ownership and configuration.In addition, can apply before or after curing anode for the subject content disclosed in collar anchor log or prefabricated component herein, the carbon material of anode was called as in this article " sintering " before curing.

Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the element that the electrolyzer 10 produced for aluminium is shown.Electrolyzer 10 comprises multiple relative electrode assemblie, comprises multiple anode assemblies 12 (shown in Fig. 1 wherein two) and multiple cathode assembly 14 (one of them shown in Fig. 1).

Each electrode assemblie 12,14 comprises the conductive carbon electrode block with first surface and second surface, and wherein in use, first surface is towards the inside 16 of electrolyzer 10.On this point, each anode assemblies 12 comprises carbon anode electrode block 18 (herein also referred to as " anode block 18 "), and each cathode assembly comprises carbon cathode electrode block 20 (herein also referred to as " cathode block 20 "), they are described in more detail following.The first surface of each anode block 18 is lower surfaces 22, and the first surface of each cathode block 20 is upper surfaces 30.As shown in fig. 1, surface 22,30 is towards each other and towards the inside 16 of electrolyzer 10.

The inside 16 of electrolyzer 10 comprises molten electrolyte 26 (it comprises the aluminum oxide of dissolving) and overlays on the molten metal pad 28 of the conductive aluminum on the top surface 30 of cathode block 20.Along with aluminum oxide is reduced to aluminium, it to be sink in melting pad 28 and to become a part for circuit.Add aluminum oxide from suspension hopper 32 to electrolytic solution 26, extract molten aluminum to mobile crucible (not shown) from metal gasket 28 by interval siphon simultaneously.The inside 16 of electrolyzer 10 is encapsulated by sidewall refractory material 34 and bottom refractory material 36.Electrolyzer 10 also comprises metal shell 11 (being called " pot shell ") herein, and it encapsulates refractory materials 34,36.

Each electrode assemblie 12,14 also comprises the conducting metal component with first end and the second end, wherein the first end of this hardware is connected to carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 or 20 in an electrically conductive manner, and the second end of this hardware is adapted to for being connected to bus-bar in an electrically conductive manner.

On this point, the conducting metal component 37 of each anode assemblies 12 comprises the vertical conductor bar 38 be usually made of aluminum or copper, conductor rods 38 first (under) end 40 top surface 42 that is connected to anode block 18, and its second (on) end 44 is connected to anodic bus bars 46, such as by clamp or similar fashion will understand, conducting metal component 37 carries the electric current from anodic bus bars 46 to anode block 18, and is suspended in electrolytic solution 26 by anode block 18.

The conducting metal component 37 of each anode assemblies 12 also comprises one or more short vertical leg 48 at its first end 40.In electrolyzer in FIG, anode assemblies 12 has two short columns 48 separately, and they are spaced apart from each other along the top surface 42 of anode block 18.But will understand, anode assemblies can comprise single short column 48 or plural short column 48.Short column 48 is usually made up of steel and usually has cylindrical, but short column 48 can have other shape of cross sections, such as square or rectangle.

The conducting metal component 37 of each anode assemblies 12 also comprises conducting metal yoke 50, and short column 48 is connected to the lower end 40 of vertical conductor bar 38 by this conducting metal yoke 50.Yoke 50 comprises horizontal member, such as thick Steel Current Conducting Plate or other conductive metal sheets.Alternatively, yoke 50 integrally can be formed with short column 48.

The conducting metal component of each cathode assembly 14 comprises collector bar 52.One section of collector bar 52 is positioned at groove 10 and is connected to cathode block 20.The one or both ends of collector bar 52 are positioned at groove 10 outside and are connected to the cathodic bus bars 24 being positioned at groove 10 outside.Therefore, as shown in fig. 1, collector bar 52 extends through the sidewall refractory material 34 of groove 10 one or both sides.Cathode block 20 has the basal surface 54 relative with top surface 30.Collector bar 52 may be split into two panels (not shown) and separates in the middle of cathode block 20, every a slice makes one end of collector bar 52 and a part be connected to cathode block 20, and makes opposite end penetrate the sidewall refractory material 34 of electrolyzer 10 and be connected to the cathodic bus bars 24 being positioned at groove 10 outside.

As what be clearly shown that in the decomposition view in Figure 15 and 16, the basal surface 54 of cathode block 20 has the elongate slot 56 in basal surface 54 upper shed, wherein holds the end of collector bar 52.Groove 56 shown in Figure 15 and 16 has constant shape and cross-sectional area along its length.But, in other embodiments, groove 56 interruptible price or can change along its cross-sectional area of its length.

Cathode block 20 and collector bar 52 can be connected with the cast iron between collector bar 52 or rubber layer 57 by being located at the internal surface of groove 56.In the embodiment shown, cast iron or rubber layer 57 are located at being accommodated on top surface 55 in groove 56 and two side surfaces 59 of collector bar 52, and basal surface does not have layer 57.In another embodiment, cast iron or rubber layer 57 also can be located on the basal surface 53 of collector bar 52, thus the both sides of basal surface 53 knitting layer 57 across collector bar 52.

During operation, cathode block 20 stands to adsorb from the sodium of electrolytic solution 26, from the aluminising of metal gasket 28 and the thermal stresses between top surface 30 and basal surface 54 that causes due to the uneven temperature profile running through carbon, these situations make cathode block 20 be bent upwards gradually, which increase the resistance of cathode assembly 14.When resistance becomes too high or cathode block 20 erodes to the degree allowing aluminium to contact with collector bar 52, from service, remove electrolyzer 10 to change novel material.

Fig. 2 shows conventional anodes assembly 12 to 5, its have substantially rectangular anode block 18, rectangular cross section vertical conductor bar 38 and with a pair integrally formed horizontal yoke 50 of short vertical leg 48, yoke 50 is by welding, brazing or similar fashion and on the either side of bimetal crossover sub 51, be usually connected to the lower end of conductor rods 38 conductively.After anode assemblies 12 is jammed and is suspended on bus-bar 46, the top surface 42 of anode block 18 (is called " electrolytic solution tectum " 25 by the layer be made up of the combination of ice crystal electrolytic solution and powdery aluminum, Fig. 1) cover, to contact with the top surface 42 of anode block 18 to prevent air and isolate anode 12 in order to avoid excessive heat losses.

The lower end that Fig. 2 and 3 shows short vertical leg 48 is inserted in the recess 58 formed in the top surface 42 of anode block 18, and recess 58 is in this article sometimes referred to as " short column hole ".As Fig. 8,8a and 9 enlarged view in visible best, recess 58 has the shape of substantial cylindrical to mate the shape of short column 48, the internal surface of each recess 58 comprises smooth, level, circular basal surface 60 and substantial cylindrical side surface 62, and side surface 62 can be tapered to have the diameter less than its top bottom it.Side surface 62 can be provided with spiral goove 66, as authorized the above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 3,398 of the people such as Bonfils, disclosed in 081.

The diameter that short column 48 and recess 58 have makes to provide annular space between the perpendicular lateral wall profile of each short column 48 and the cylindrical side 62 of each recess 58.Figure 4 and 5 show in the gap between short column 48 and the internal surface of recess 58 and form conducting metal liner 64 (herein also referred to as " collar "), are connected with the conduction between anode block 18 to provide each short column 48.Metal gasket 64 is cast-in-place at least in part, namely, wherein short column 48 is accommodated in recess 58, and the contact of the bottom of short column or next-door neighbour's basal surface 60, wherein molten metal 27 (such as cast iron) be perfused in short column 48 and recess 58 internal surface between annular notch in.Metal gasket 64 is normally formed by cast iron, and its fragile nature makes it can easily remove from steel short column 48 in anode 12 process recycling.

On the spot from when the molten pig rapid condensation collar 64, iron experience solidification shrinkage.As illustrated in fig. 5 a, iron solidifies with the condensation thermoisopleth 29 of the vertical surface being predominantly parallel to short column 48 (it serves as heat sink), and is down being shunk to the Three Dimensional Thermal experiencing solid iron when its lower working temperature cools from its condensing temperature by the collar 64 further.The contraction of iron causes vertical gap 31 and the loose fit between the outside surface and the internal surface of recess 58 of the collar 64.

Similarly, with reference to Figure 15 and 16, cathode collector bar 52 is accommodated in the groove 56 of cathode block 20, wherein between collector bar 52 and the wall of groove 56, provides interval.This interval is filled by the cast iron layer 57 formed on the spot against collector bar 52 in the interval by being filled into by molten metal 27 between collector bar 52 and cell wall.For above with reference to the same cause described by anode 12, due to the contraction of metal level 57, gap may be formed between the surface of groove 56 and the outside surface of cast iron layer 57.During the initial heating of electrolyzer 10, steel short column 48, collector bar 52, cast iron connection 57,64 and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18,20 expand with different rates, and high-carbon cast iron can expand slightly due to experience phase transformation, all these provide and coordinate than assembly tighter when colder, but still there is sizable resistance in each in electrode assemblie 12 and 14.

Distribution of current in anode and negative electrode follows minimum resistance path, passes to the outer end of collector bar 52 from the power tie point of anodic bus bars 46.This electric current behavior causes across uneven resistance and the current density respectively to first piece of surface 22,30 of bar 38 and 52, this so that uneven anode consumption and uneven cathode abrasion and corrosion may be caused.Uneven resistance across the top surface 30 of cathode block 20 also may cause horizontal current to flow through aluminum metal pad 28 due to the low-down resistance of aluminium, and this horizontal current produces electromagnetic current streaming current and turbulent flow (ripple) in metal gasket 28.This turbulent flow can force maintenance to be greater than normal anode to cathode distance (ACD) to avoid the short circuit between the basal surface of anode block 18 and the top surface 30 of cathode block 20, wherein additional AC D causes the extra resistance in path 26, thus this reduction method of consumption rate originally needed for the more electric energy of electric energy.

This subject content solves above problem by providing to be contained in the solid-state conductive metal insert 76 in the carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 and/or 20 of electrode assemblie 12,14 with shrink-fit and to have or do not have adjoint hole 68 (herein also referred to as " boring ") in carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 and/or 20.One end of each insert 76 is embedded in the carbon of electrode block 18 or 20, and wherein between insert 76 and carbon, have controlled transverse interface contact pressure, this pressure provides the low-resistance power path entered in carbon, thus reduces power consumption.Being applied between anode 12 and negative electrode 14 of shrink-fit insert 76 is different, but follows identical general principle.

As herein defined, shrink-fit is the cooperation producing high ' transverse direction ' interfacial pressure (that is, this pressure radial direction points to carbon material outward) between insert 76 and the carbon material of electrode block 18 or 20.High transverse interface pressure reduces the resistance across ' transverse direction ' interface between insert 76 and carbon material.As the replacement or additional of high transverse interface pressure, shrink-fit provides axially (that is, along the axle defined by insert 76) to compress or shrink-fit by the high contact pressure between the outside surface of insert 76 and carbon material.In order to produce shrink-fit, insert 76 must be inserted in solid carbon materials (instead of formed by solidifying the molten metal being poured or injecting recess or chamber, this will stand to shrink and the remarkable interfacial pressure under any circumstance can not reached for providing shrink-fit when solidifying).

Controlled high contact pressure between insert 76 and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 or 20 can cause the small carbon material of local, interface to destroy (by crushing or peeling off), it is acceptable that this limited carbon destroys, as long as this type of carbon destroys the crack do not extended in carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 or 20, (high resistance area across crack can be introduced in this crack, or this crack may be propagated during operation, male or female electrode block 18 or 20 is caused to split physically).Insert 76 is used to provide shrink-fit therefore to require to consider the mechanical stress that caused by the thermal expansion of the insert in carbon anode or cathode electrode block 18 or 20 when input operates and male or female electrode block 18 or 20 intensity determined by the transverse gage of the carbon around insert 76 relative to insert 76 position.Interfacial pressure can change due to material creep during the working life of anode 12 or negative electrode 14, and this depends on temperature and the thermal behavior of adjacent material.The rupture strength of anode 12 or negative electrode 14 also can change due to its temperature and situation along with its working life.The contact resistance of interfacial pressure and result gained is by regulating the size in the hole 68 (such as, boring guide hole etc.) in the outside dimension of insert 76 and/or carbon material thus the contact pressure controlling value of interference fit, contact area and result gained controls.

Shrink-fit between the carbon material of insert 76 and electrode block 18 or 20 makes the interfacial contact pressure between the carbon material of insert 76 and adjacent electrode block 18 or 20 be at least about 0.1kPa.Such as, interfacial contact pressure usually up to about 10MPa, and/or at about 1MPa to about between 10MPa.Although be possible more than the interfacial contact pressure of 10MPa but the resistance in face transboundary can't be reduced significantly further, and the risk making carbon base plate crack can not be increased significantly.

In order to avoid making carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 or 20 crack, can be less than by shrink-fit institute applied pressure and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 or 20 is broken the about half of required stress.Parting pressure depend on the carbon material of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 or 20 intensity and around the minimum width of the carbon material of insert 76 and thickness.To understand, parting pressure can be different in the different zones of electrode block 18 or 20, higher than its adjacent edges in the middle part of block.

The total applying pressure caused between carbon material around insert and electrode block 18 or 20 depends on the contact area between them.When have or atresia 68 limit the surface-area of insert 76 in carbon material by limited total applying pressure to realize high interfacial pressure.Select the maximum applying pressure being less than the about half of the SMYS of carbon around should provide enough error margin, to make male or female electrode block 18 or 20 can not break because of extra pressure issuable during anode and cathode operation, this extra pressure may be because insert 76 causes because of electrolytic solution absorption and the potential reduction of burning during its operation cycle relative to the larger thermal expansion of the carbon of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 or 20 and carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18 or 20.In alternative, when have or atresia 68, the interfacial pressure of each insert 76 can use the Lames equation for shrink-fit to determine in theory.To the selection of the size of insert 76, position and quantity by the accepted current density considered in insert 76 and the expectation distribution of current in male or female electrode block 18 or 20.Before realizing in electrolyzer 10, also can experimentally for the maximum interfacial pressure of each insert 76 position measurement.

Insert 76 will usually be formed at electrode block 18 or 20 and cure to electrode insertion block 18 or 20 after hardening state, thus produces shrink-fit as above.But will understand, insert 76 can (that is, before curing) electrode insertion block 18 or 20 after electrode block 18 or 20 has been formed and when being in non-sintering state.When being installed to before curing at insert 76 in the carbon of electrode block 18 or 20, carbon is relatively soft and insert 76 and the interfacial contact pressure around between carbon initially will be lower.Electrode block 18 or 20 hardens when having installed insert 76 wherein by curing subsequently, and the good electrical caused between insert 76 and surrounding's carbon of electrode block 18 or 20 is engaged.

Generation can be heated the ohmic heating of insert 76 by the current density in insert 76 and between surrounding's carbon material of insert 76 and electrode block 18 or 20 and resistance, its temperature should maintain the point of being down to below insert 76 and the expectation interfacial contact pressure twice around between carbon material lower than the yield strength made through heating insert 76, it considers any additional load that any insert 76 can carry, such as, load in the situation of anode 12 caused by the quality of suspension carbon block 18.

When insert 76 is used in (particularly, between anode block 18 and the cast iron collar 64) in anode assemblies 12, insert 76 is in this article sometimes referred to as ' collar anchor log '.Collar anchor log 76 enhances the machinery between the collar 64 with anode block 18 and is electrically connected.A part for collar anchor log 76 is embedded in anode block 18 with shrink-fit as defined above, around collar anchor log 76 and anode block 18 between carbon material.Total interfacial contact area between insert and anode block 18 depends on the diameter of used insert 76, insert length and quantity.When using major diameter insert 76, then the boring 68 of preboring can be provided to embed for insert 76, to limit maximum transversal interfacial contact pressure, thus avoid the carbon of anode block 18 to rupture.If insert 76 nail pattern can be then ram drive, if or screw rod or bolt pattern then can be screwed into (no matter with or without boring 68) in carbon, to provide the interfacial contact pressure of expectation.Insert 76 also can be the form of expansion anchor, and it is loosely inserted in the boring 68 of preboring and also tightens up subsequently with the transverse interface contact pressure applying to expect between insert 76 and the internal surface 74 of boring 68.

When being used as collar anchor log, insert 76 performs two kinds of functions, the first function being to provide the electric conductor between the cast iron collar 64 (it is cast-in-place from molten pig around the non-embedded end of collar anchor log 76) and anode block 18.Second, because one end of collar anchor log 76 is projected into short column hole 58 from the surface of anode block 18, therefore collar anchor log 76 by arranging the heat sink condensation profile changing the cast iron collar 64 on the inwall in short column hole 58, the whole width this facilitated across the interval between short column 48 outside surface and short column hole 58 inwall makes iron solidify or condensation in insert 76 position, has molten metal to fill up for solidification shrinkage above insert 76 simultaneously.Condensation profile after this change will reduce or eliminate the usual constringency cleft in those positions between the collar 64 and short column hole 58 inwall, achieve more close contact between short column 48, the collar 64 and short column hole 58 wall and more low resistance thus when assembly 12 heats in electrolyzer 10.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8,8a, 9 and 10, insert 76 is similar to nail in appearance, has tip, level and smooth bar handle and single enlarge head.To understand, insert 76 not necessarily has this configuration, and head is with most advanced and sophisticated not necessarily required.But, in order to strengthen the protuberance of collar anchor log 76 as heat sink function, provide the collar anchor log 76 with enlarge head to be useful, as discussed further below.Collar anchor log 76 such as can have single head or dual head.

Fig. 8 is the sectional view running through anode block 18 part, shows the inside in one of short column hole 58, and the lower end of short column 48 is shown in above block 18.As shown in the figure, anode electrode block 18 is provided with the collar anchor log 76 of multiple ram drive type, nail pattern, and it is columniform in this embodiment, and partly extends into anode block 18 from the second surface of anode block 18.In this embodiment, this second surface is the internal surface in short column hole 58, comprises smooth basal surface 60, side surface 62 and/or in spiral goove 66.Although single collar anchor log 76 only may be needed, by the result providing multiple collar anchor log 76 to be improved.As shown in figure 8 a, the first end 78 of each collar anchor log 76 is given prominence to from the internal surface in short column hole 58, and the second end 80 of each collar anchor log 76 embeds the internal surface in short column hole 58 with shrink-fit.The outstanding first end 78 of collar anchor log 76 can have enlarge head, with strengthen when pour in the gap between short column hole 58 and short column 48 and solidify molten metal using during forming the collar 64 its as heat sink function.To understand, the additional surface area provided by the enlarge head of the first end 78 of collar anchor log 76 mechanically engages providing with the enhancement type of the collar 64 and is connected with the reinforced electric of the collar 64.Thus, by providing collar anchor log 76 as disclosed herein, between the internal surface in short column 48, the collar 64 and short column hole 58, define better machinery and electrical connection.

Depend on diameter and the type of collar anchor log 76, the internal surface to the short column hole 58 of Fig. 8 may be needed to be provided in boring 68 corresponding with collar anchor log 76 on number, thus to reach shrink-fit with the transverse interface contact pressure of desired amount as discussed above.The also diagram in the feature of Fig. 8 a of this possibility, this feature show a ram drive of Fig. 8, the collar anchor log 76 of nail pattern to be partly embedded in the side surface 62 in short column hole 58 in preformed boring 68.Boring 68 be get out in advance in a substrate and at the second surface (that is, internal surface) of anode block 18, there is the first opening end 70 and the second blind end 72 in anode block 18.Boring 68 also has inwall 74, width (identical with diameter in the situation of cylindrical hole 68) and extends to the length of the second end 72 from the first end 70 in hole 68.Except the occasion that collar anchor log 76 is expanded polystyrene veneer anchor logs, the diameter of boring 68 is designed to the diameter being less than collar anchor log 76, to provide the transverse interface contact pressure of expectation between collar anchor log 76 and the inwall 74 of boring 68.As shown in figure 8 a, the first end of collar anchor log 76 78 close to boring 68 first end 70 and be spaced from, and collar anchor log 76 be contained in the second end 80 in boring 68 close to its second end 72.As can be seen from Fig. 8 a, the initial diameter of boring 68 (as hole 68 the second end 72 shown in) be less than the diameter of collar anchor log 76, the relative diameter of boring 68 and collar anchor log 76 is selected to the shrink-fit providing the transverse interface contact pressure with desired amount.

As shown in the figure, the collar anchor log 76 be partly embedded in the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58 can extend vertically downward from basal surface 60, but the collar anchor log 76 in basal surface 60 can change into relative to vertical tilt.The collar anchor log 76 be partially submerged in side surface 62 radial can to extend toward other places from side surface 62 level.Alternatively, the collar anchor log 76 in side surface 62 can relative to horizontal tilt, and from side surface 62 downwards and toward extension, and one this kind inclination anchor log 76 is shown in Figure 10.

In this embodiment, comprise the occasion of collar anchor log at insert 76, the material by such as cast iron or carbon steel and so on is formed by they, and this material can carry out recirculation with the metal forming the collar 64.

Collar anchor log 76 provides the electrical connection between the collar 64 and anode block 18, and anode block 18 is engaged to short column 48 by the cast iron collar 64 simultaneously.The good electrical that collar anchor log 76 creates through those assemblies of electrode assemblie 12 together with short column 48 is connected, even if as the same when electrode assemblie 12 is colder.In addition, in the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58, cylinder iron engage the distribution of current providing at least one collar anchor log 76 to be realized by short column 48 in the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58.This can not occur usually when short column 48 is directly seated on the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58 between iron flush phase, and iron perfusion hampers and between the bottom of short column 48 and the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58, forms cast iron be connected.

Must notice that whether the cast iron thickness under short column 48 is too large, prevent the collar from peeling off press thus and break the collar 64 and the collar 64 is peeled off from short column 48.In order to prevent this situation, more weak rupture zone can be provided to the basal surface of the collar 64.Such as, as shown in Figure 9, can provide one or more carbon convex ridge 86 to the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58, its diameter across basal surface 60 completely or partially extends.The height of ridge 86 is lower than the top of the insert 76 be located in basal surface 60, making ridge 86 flow the interval of filling between the bottom of basal surface 60 and short column 48 by allowing cast iron 27 during casting above these ridges, creating required reduction simultaneously in this layer and can break iron metal liner 64 to make the collar peel off press and iron metal liner 64 is peeled off from short column 48.Ridge 86 is formed from the bottom removing materials of short column hole shape by the shape and orientation peeling off press needs with the applicable collar by the shape changing anodic formation pressing mold.

On the other hand, also illustrate in fig. 9 a, an only part for the collar 64 comprises cast structure, and rest part comprises prefabricated component 82.Prefabricated component 82 is disc format, identical with the material of the collar 64, and its size is designed in the bottom that is applicable to being arranged on short column hole 58 against its basal surface 60.When molten pig is cast, prefabricated component 82 becomes in the structure being included into the collar 64, and helps to maintain the expectation interval between the bottom of short column 48 and the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58.As shown in Figure 9 a, prefabricated component 82 can have aperture, and insert 76 can be driven into through these apertures or screw in the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58.Prefabricated component 82 can be formed with ditch 84 on its lower surface or upper surface, to expect to allow this prefabricated component easily to rupture when short column hole 58 removes short column 48 and the collar 64 during anode recirculation.

Prefabricated component 82 described above is by the usual basal surface 60 being secured to short column hole 58 after curing anode block 18.But according to alternative embodiment, prefabricated component 82 can be inserted into short column hole 58 when anode block 18 is in relatively soft non-sintering state, and prefabricated component 82 can partly embed in the basal surface 60 in short column hole 58 in this case.In this type of embodiment, prefabricated component 82 can during Anodic Formation when short column hole 58 (that is, formed) be formed in anode block 18.Alternatively, prefabricated component 82 can be inserted in short column hole 58 after formation short column hole 58.When prefabricated component 82 is inserted in unsintered anode block 18, insert 76 is optionally integrally formed with prefabricated component 82.

Although Fig. 8 has explained orally to 10 the collar anchor log 76 using ram drive type, nail pattern, in this embodiment or in other embodiments described herein, also can to use the insert 76 of other types.Such as, insert is in outward appearance and/or functionally can be similar to conventional fasteners, and such as frictional fit or extruding coordinate nail, bar or spike, screw rod or square head bolt, expansion anchor (including but not limited to delayed guard shield, sleeve pipe or voussoir type expansion anchor etc.) or produce the mechanical erection formula fastening piece of controlled transverse direction and/or axle pressure.Such as, Figure 14 a to 14c shows the insert of three kinds of forms, is labeled as 76a, 76b and 76c.Insert 76a is the nail type with tip, smoothly bar handle and circular enlarge head, is similar to the nail shown in Fig. 8 to 10.Insert 76b is the form of square toes screw rod or square head bolt, and it has hex-shaped head, tip and threaded rod handle.Figure 14 a and 14b each illustrates insert 76a or 76b and is optionally inserted in the hole 68 of preboring, and the diameter in hole 68 is less than the bar handle of insert 76a or 76b, and hole 68 is radially out of shape because of the insertion of insert 76a or 76b.But will understand, hole 68 is not always required, and this depends on the diameter of insert 76a or 76b at least in part.

Insert 76c shown in Figure 14 c is the form of expansion anchor, and it has internal thread bar part and outer split sleeve part.Insert 76c is initially inserted in prebored hole 68 with relative loose fit, when screw portion screws in sleeve portion when tightening up, sleeve portion is outwards exerted a force by the inwall 74 against hole 68 as insert 76c, thus the radially distortion of causing hole 68.

Although the insert 76 described herein and illustrate generally has cylindrical bar handle, will understand, this is optional.Specifically, insert can have any cross section easily, comprise foursquare, rectangle, star, flute profile, etc.

In another embodiment described now with reference to Fig. 6 and 7, conducting metal insert 76 is used to expand existing cast iron connection mode assembly by using one or more conductive bypass separator component to add one or more additional electrical path between vertical conductor bar 38 and anode block 18, thus causes the lower total electrical resistance of anode assemblies 12.

Embodiment shown in Fig. 6 and 7 comprises multiple " outside " conductive bypass separator component 88, means that they are formed and connects from the conduction of the carbon material of vertical conductor bar 38 to anode block 18, and form connection without the need to the metal gasket 64 by recess 58.Each bypass component 88 is had by conducting electricity the first end 90 connecting and be connected to vertical conductor bar 38 and the second end 92 being connected to anode block 18 by conduction connection.

Anode block 18 is provided with multiple conducting metal insert 76 in its top surface 42, thus forms shrink-fit as defined above with the carbon material of anode block 18.As discussed above, depend on the diameter of insert 76 and the intensity of baseplate material, when have or atresia 68 insert 76 is provided.

Insert 76 is contained in top surface 42 at least in part.As can be seen from accompanying drawing, insert 76 is arranged in top surface 42, is connected to anode block 18 to make the second end 92 of bypass component 88 by least one insert 76.In explained orally embodiment, each second end is connected to anode block 18 by two inserts 76.Compression washer 77 is provided with to maintain the insert 76 of interfacial pressure or to use other conduction connections (including but not limited to that brazing, welding or use are soldered to the locking screw thread 81 in the nut 79 of the second end 92 or the second end 92) by using, the second end 92 can be provided to contact with the high pressure between insert 76, thus guarantee the electrical connection with insert 76.Latter two option explains orally respectively in Figure 14 d and 14e.

To understand, and bypass component 88 will be attached to insert 76 and also cause the second end 92 of bypass component 88 to be connected the top surface 42 being fixed to anode block 18 by conduction.The first end 90 of bypass component 88 is secured to vertical conductor bar 38 by means of melting welding, soldering, brazing, Interference-fit fasteners, screw rod, bolt, rivet, fixture or other machinery or fusion connection, this results in the conductive path warp from vertical conductor rod element 38 to bypass component 88.In the embodiment of Fig. 6 and 7, the first end 90 of bypass component 88 is connected to conductor rods 38 by mechanical fastening device 83a and 83b (comprise nuts and bolt, it passes or adjacent conductors bar 38 separately).

Although Fig. 6 and 7 shows the bypass component with customized configuration, will understand, bypass component can replace and comprise fexible conductor, such as has the cable of the lug end for attached insert 76.

According to another embodiment, insert 76 and the conducting connecting part being similar to above-mentioned bypass component 88 combinationally use to replace and eliminate conventional iron and are connected, but but without the need to changing the major portion of electrode shape, thus user is allowed to convert low resistance assembly disclosed herein to from traditional components.Can to comprise the tiny change of the shape of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block 18,20 to make to use insert 76 in this embodiment, no matter have or atresia 68.

Figure 11 and 12 has explained orally the anode assemblies 12 according to this embodiment, comprises and those the similar vertical conductor bars 38, yoke 50 and the short column 48 that explain orally in embodiment described above.But in the present embodiment, the lower end of each short column 48 is fixed to the top surface 42 of anode block 18 in an electrically conductive manner by neck shape web member 94.Each web member 94 has the vertical side wall 96 of the lower end holding short column 48.Because short column 48 is columniform, therefore web member 94 the sidewall 96 explained orally in embodiment be also columniform, and its internal diameter is slightly larger than the external diameter of short column 48, thus is closely contained in its empty internal the lower end of short column 48.Sidewall 96 is electrically connected to short column 48 by welding, brazing or conductive mechanical fastening piece.To understand, sidewall 96 can have any intended shape, although it provides and is connected sidewall 96 with the conduction of short column 48 end and is illustrated as continuous print, may not be this situation.To understand, it is discontinuous that sidewall 96 can replace, or comprises multiple sheet separated, every a slice machinery and be electrically attached to short column 48.

Web member 94 also has at least one attachment portion 98, and it is connected to sidewall 96 in an electrically conductive manner and can be integrally formed with it.Each attachment portion 98 from the sidewall 96 of web member 94 toward extension and when have or atresia 68 fixing and be connected to the top surface 42 of anode block 18 conductively by one or more conductive inserts 76.By the above same approach described with reference to Fig. 6 and 7 and Figure 14 a to 14e, such as be provided with compression washer 77 to maintain the insert 76 of interfacial pressure or to use other conductions to connect (include but not limited to brazing, welding or use backing plate) by using, the high pressure between web member 98 with insert 76 can be provided to contact, thus guarantee electrical connection.

In the embodiment of Figure 11 and 12, neck shape web member 94 comprises multiple attachment portions 98 of radial outstanding lug form, and wherein each attachment portion 98 is fixed to top surface 42 by least one insert 76.Each attachment portion 98 in attachment portion 98 comprises the device for permitting its thermal expansion different relative to anode block 18.In explained orally embodiment, the device for permitting expanding comprises folding or bending 100 in attachment portion 98, thus allowance attachment portion 98 expands when supporting anodes load in response to different heat expansion or contraction, shrink or bends.Although bending 100 being illustrated as the device for permitting thermal expansion, can replacing and use other devices.Such as, attachment portion 98 can have the expansion slit of cutting or formation in attachment portion 98, thus sinuous circuit warp is provided, it makes to realize the different heat expansion of attachment portion 98 between all inserts 76 relative to the thermal expansion of the top surface 42 of anode block 18 between all inserts 76.

As discussed above, insert 76 is used to the top surface 42 all elements (such as leading shape web member 94) being connected to anode block 18, and passes through insert 76 itself by conductivity in block 18.Insert 76 is used to allow to change resistance in anode assemblies 12 and distribution of current by adjusting the material of insert 76 and length, diameter, contact surface area, quantity, position and the shrink-fit between insert 76 and anode block 18 or contact pressure.These adjustment can realize the more consistent resistance of any point from the basal surface 22 of vertical conductor bar 38 to block 18, this facilitate consistent current density, lower total electrical resistance, more consistent anode consumption, thus during the working life of block 18, cause the more emerge 22 of block 18.More smooth anode basal surface 22 can make to consume the more parts of block 18 before must removing anode 12 from operation, reduces recirculation volume thus and reduces the cost of the underway replacing of anode change.

The use of insert 76 (having or atresia 68) also can be applied between cathode block 20 and collector bar 52 in cathode assembly 14.The cast iron layer 57 that collector bar 52 is collected by collector bar 52 and carbon cathode between the respective notches 56 (in this embodiment also referred to as " groove 56 ") in block 20 basal surface 54 is usually engaged to cathode block 20.Before being assembled in electrolyzer 10, collector bar 52 carbon cathode collect block 20 be in put upside down time (see Figure 15) with molten cast iron 27 be engaged to carbon cathode collection block 20.Joint can replace and use carbon adhesive glue to carry out.Following examples are applicable to both cast iron is connected with carbon binder collector bar.

As understood, the multiple collector bar 52 being connected to each cathode block 20 can be there are.Each piece 20 width across electrolyzer 10 is installed, and multiple pieces 20 are installed the base plate defining electrolyzer 10 side by side.As shown in figures 15 and 16, collector bar 52 has emerge 53 (it is substantially coplanar with the basal surface 54 of the cathode block 20) top surface 55 relative with basal surface 53, the contralateral surface 59 extended between top surface 55 and basal surface 53 and pair of end surface 61.

According to the embodiment shown in Figure 17 to 19, the conducting metal web member 112 of one or more smooth, narrow band forms can be provided, this band when have or atresia 68 be attached to by insert 76 basal surface 54 that carbon cathode collects block 20.Insert 76 abutting groove 56 ground is contained in basal surface 54.Each band web member 112 substantially laterally extends across basal surface 54, thus cross-slot 56 extends and its every one end is fixed to basal surface 54 by least one insert 76.The middle part of each band web member 112 is electrically connected to collector bar 52 by means of melting welding, soldering, brazing, frictional fit pin, screw rod, bolt or other machinery or fusion connection, this results in the conductive path warp from collector bar 52 to band web member 112.The band web member 112 of Figure 17 connects the basal surface 53 being connected to each collector bar 52 by fusion, and Figure 19 shows modification, is wherein formed between band web member and collector bar 52 and is mechanically connected.If be less desirable below the plane that band web member 112 projects to basal surface 54, then likely in the basal surface 54 of cathode block 20, mechanical workout goes out ditch 114 (Figure 19) or spatia to provide required gap.

Although the both sides that band web member 112 is illustrated as cross-slot 58 in fig. 17 extend, and may not be this situations.Specifically, as shown in Figure 19, band web member 112 can be comparatively short-movie, and its one end is electrically connected to the basal surface of cathode block 20 by insert 76 and the other end is electrically connected to collector bar 52.Such as, Figure 19 shows the insert 76 of bolt pattern, and wherein lock washer 77 is compressed between one end of bolt head and band web member 112.The other end of band web member 112 is fixed to the basal surface 53 of collector bar 52 by bolt and packing ring (they are labeled as 76 and 77 similarly, but not necessarily identical with lock washer 77 with insert 76).

Alternatively, as shown in Figure 20, web member 112 can be made up of flexible electrical conductor (such as cable 113), and its one or both ends have lug 115 to be attached to insert 76.A small amount of extra 113 can be provided to allow the different expansions between collector bar 52 from cathode block 20.

To understand, and use band web member 112 to allow cast iron or rubber layer 57 to be bypassed or to eliminate, because band web member provides the direct conduction between collector bar 52 and the basal surface 54 of cathode block 20 to be connected.As shown in Figure 17, can provide multiple isolated band web member 112 along the length of block 20, each band web member 112 is fixed by insert 76, thus to provide between block 20 with collector bar 52 multiple is electrically connected.This provide the improvement distribution of current of length across block 20 and width.

As anode assemblies discussed above, insert 76 is used to allow by adjustment insert material, length, diameter, quantity, position and change in cathode assembly 14 from collector bar 52 end (it leaves electrolyzer 10 here) to the resistance of the top surface 30 of cathode block 20 and distribution of current relative to the shrink-fit of the carbon material of cathode block 20 or contact pressure.Such as, by the end relative to block 20 to use towards block 20 center longer or more insert 76 make the distribution of current of cathode assembly 14 and resistance profile more even across top surface 30, as in Figure 18 explain orally.The physical length of insert 76 and position can use suitable ohm meter to determine from the resistance of top surface 30 to collector bar 52 end during the cathode assembling outside electrolyzer 10.These change facilitate consistent current density, lower total electrical resistance evenly cathode abrasion, longer cathode life and negative electrode top surface 30 more smooth during its working life.

Due to the different heat expansion of collector bar 52, also expect the device being provided for permitting different heat expansion to band web member 112.As shown in figs. 18 and 19, the device for permitting expanding comprises the folding or wrinkle 100 in web member 112, thus provides class bellows device, and it can expand in response to different heat expansion or contraction or shrink.

To understand, band web member 112 can be not limited to monolithic conductor, but can comprise multi-layer thin band, and it is easier than solid sheet bends, and provides similar resistance simultaneously.Such as, the band web member 112 in Figure 19 is shown as including two-layer 117.

According to another embodiment explained orally in Figure 13, provide low resistance yoke assembly 126 for the connection formed between the lower end of vertical conductor bar 38 and the top surface 42 of anode block 18.

Yoke assembly 126 comprises pair of curved metal vaulting pole 128, and they can be mutually the same.Each strut has upper end 130 and relative lower end 132.The upper end 130 of each strut 128 is engaged to the opposite flank of vertical conductor bar 38 lower end by machinery and conductive attachment, vertical conductor bar 38 is shown to have rectangular cross section and 4 perpendicular lateral wall profile.Strut 128 can be plated with the match surface of bar 38, or engages with suitable surfacing, to make follow-uply by welding, brazing or other electrical connections, strut 128 to be engaged to bar 38.After strut 128 is attached to bar 38, one or more machinery runs through fastening piece 136 (such as, but not limited to bolt together with packing ring and nut) and is inserted into strut 128 and bar 38, and is fully tightened up to remove the periodic physical stress on electric interlock point caused due to the weight from bar 38 compression and decompression suspension anode block 18.

Two struts 128 with toward each other, face relation of plane to arrange.In this embodiment, they are bonded together by a flex connector or pillar 134, and this flex connector or pillar 134 contribute to the physical strength of strut 128, under thermal expansion stress, allow strut 128 to have flexure to a certain degree simultaneously.Strut 128 can be made up of single metal alloy, or is covered by different conducting metal or wrap up.

Vertical conductor bar 38 ground is departed from toward outside sweep in the lower end 132 of strut 128, and can be formed by the separated multistage of slit 138.Lower end 132 is mated with the top surface 42 of anode block 18, and in order to reach this object, lower end 132 be provided with one or more hole with make one or more insert 76 can when have or atresia 68 run through lower end 132 and be mounted in the top surface 42 of anode block 18.Therefore insert 76 carries the weight of anode block 18 from strut 128 and provides the electrical connection from vertical conductor bar 38 to anode block 18.In order to provide the resistibility to insert 76 rollback of increase, at least one some holes 68 can with perpendicular angular degree, vertically conductor rods 38, thus be contained in insert 76 in this some holes 68 will towards each other in " the interior Eight characters ".Other inserts 76 can in the other direction with perpendicular angular degree, to provide the distribution of current improved in anode block 18.As shown in Figure 13, if provide multiple hole in same section of strut 128, fixed by two or more inserts 76 to make one section, between this some holes and insert 76, then providing expansion folding 101 to expand relative to the difference of anode block 18 to allow strut 128, wherein due to the flexure of bending strut 128, the stress be applied on anode block 18 is very little.

Should understand, the lower end 132 of strut 128 is connected to vertical conductor bar 38 by the device except machanical fastener 136, if maintain the words of conduction between these two parts during operation.

Compared to traditional bar assembly, the configuration of low resistance yoke assembly 126 eliminates the fusion welding on bimetal crossover sub, amass by connecting the electrical contact surface increasing strut 128 to bar 38 connection on the both sides of bar 38, the physical stress removed from suspended load weight in bimetal connection is connected by using tie-bolt, eliminate yoke to be welded to connect to short column, eliminate the short column introversion situation that traditional yoke and short column assembly suffer due to the material creep when thermal stresses that repeats and high temperature, make to use the insert 76 with interior Eight characters orientation to carry high capacity by the cross section of insert 76.These benefits provide has long-life low resistance configuration.

By convention, the upper end 44 of aluminium or copper vertical conductor bar 38 is temporarily attached to anodic bus bars 46 with bus-bar fixture (not shown).Resistance in the match surface of bar 38 and bus-bar 46 depends on degree of cleaning, surface-area and clamp pressure between match surface.Along with Reusability, the surface of bar 38 and bus-bar 46 may become oxidation or depression because of arc-over, which introduce surface irregularity and have relative high-resistance surface oxide layer.The resistance that bar 38 to bus-bar 46 connects is by reducing with conduction resistant metal (such as, but not limited to nickel, platinum or gold) the coating match surface 140 (Figure 11) of (such as, by covering or electroplating) bus-bar 46 and/or the matching surface 142 (Figure 11) of bar 38.Although this surface treatment may increase resistance in a small amount compared to clean metal interface (aluminium bar is to aluminium bus bar or copper bar to aluminium bus bar), its resistance is maintained the level of the resistance being less than aluminum oxide or cupric oxide by this covering or plate surface in the life-span of bar assembly.

The one or both ends of each steel collector bar 52 are bolted to be connected to cathodic bus bars 24 flexible connecting member (not shown).Equally, the part of each collector bar 52 is in electrical contact by cast iron layer 57 and cathode block 20, as above with reference to Fig. 3 explain.The match surface being in electrical contact with cast iron layer 57 of collector bar 52 may be oxidized due to collector bar high temperature during operation and form resistive zone of oxidation gradually.Similarly, the match surface contacted with the flexible connecting member of cathodic bus bars 24 of collector bar 52 may form oxidation gradually.For this reason, the match surface contacted with cathodic bus bars flexible connecting member and/or cast iron layer 57 of collector bar 52 can apply (such as, covering or plating) has conduction corrosion-resistant material, all any conduction resistant metals as mentioned above.

Figure 21 shows one section of collector bar 52, on the top surface 55 of bus-bar 52, basal surface 53 and side surface 59, wherein provide conduction resistant metal coating 141.Coating 141 instead only can coat the match surface contacted with cast iron layer 57 or cathodic bus bars 24.Alternatively, collector bar 52 such as can be provided with conduction resistant metal coating by electroplating.Coating or coating can have from about 0.05 to the thickness in the scope of 10mm.

Collector bar 52 is made up of conducting metal (such as steel) usually, and it has the fusing point of the maximum operation temperature being significantly higher than electrolyzer.But, typical steel collector bar has the resistance higher than the resistance of aluminum metal pad, and the electric current therefore entering metal gasket from electrolytic solution oneself conducting preferentially making it to cell sidewall horizontally through metal gasket, being then passed down through cathode assembly 14 and conducting to external bus connection.

In order to reduce the resistance in cathode assembly and the horizontal current in metal gasket, the embodiment of the cathode assembly 14 shown in Figure 29 provides and comprises collector bar 52, it has the core 170 be made up of the metal that resistance ratio steel is low and the shell 172 surrounding core 170, and this shell is made up of the metal of the fusing point with the maximum operating temperature being significantly higher than electrolyzer.Such as, core 170 can comprise copper or its alloy, and shell 172 can comprise steel, nickel or alloy (such as stainless steel).Core 170 provides the resistance of reduction to collector bar 52, and metal casing decreases the potential corrosion of the outside surface to collector bar 52.In addition, the fusing point of shell 172 and thickness are enough to the metal comprising core 170 when core 170 is temporary melting between the working life producing too much heat.In the occasion that core 170 may melt during operation, will understand, the upper seal closure surrounding core 170 in all sides (that is, top surface 55, basal surface 53, side surface 59 and end surfaces 61) that shell 172 will be included in pot shell 11.

The collector bar 52 of Figure 29 can have pre-coremaking 170, and its mesochite 172 is coated to core 170 by any suitable means (such as by plating, hot dip, sputtering, or as coating by engaging).Alternatively, shell 172 can comprise premanufactured skin, and core 170 is by being formed in metal casting to shell 172.In former, pre-coremaking 170 defines the external surface shape of collector bar 52, and in rear a kind of situation, prefabricated shell 172 defines the shape of collector bar 52.The shape of cross section of collector bar 52 can be square, rectangle or circle, or profile combination.The outside surface of collector bar 52 can be level and smooth, or its can veining to increase the contact area between collector bar 52 and cast iron layer 57.Such as, the outside surface of collector bar 52 carrys out veining by rib and/or ditch.

Collector bar 52 by the thermal conduction in collector bar 52 and by the convection current being seated in the expose portion outside electrolyzer of collector bar 52, disperse and with Conduction cooled, heat moved to environment from electrolyzer.This thermosteresis must be considered when balancing the thermosteresis of electrolyzer.In the embodiment explained orally in Figure 31, the transverse cross-sectional area of at least one end 174 be positioned at outside groove 56 and outside electrolyzer of collector bar 52 is changed to change thermal conductivity and the resistance of collector bar 52.As shown in Figure 31, the transverse cross-sectional area of the end 174 of collector bar 52 is reduced relative to those parts in the groove 56 being contained in cathode block 20 of collector bar 52.The reduction of the transverse cross-sectional area of end 174 makes to reduce from the thermosteresis of electrolyzer.Collector bar 52 shown in Figure 31 comprises core 170 and shell 172, as above with reference to Figure 29 discuss.

Relate to reference to Figure 22 to 26,31 and 32 following examples described and reduce collector bar 52, resistance between cast iron layer 57 and the carbon of cathode block 20.Some in these embodiments are similar to use conductive inserts 76 discussed above to reduce the device of the resistance in anode 12.But, because of the following fact so certainly exist some differences: the short column 48 in anode 12 and the thermal expansion of the collar 64 are mainly radial, between these assemblies, there is no relative movement, and the thermal expansion of collector bar 52 in negative electrode 14 and cast iron layer 57 is mainly axial and between these assemblies, have relative movement due to different thermal expansivity.

Figure 24 is the phantom view of cathode assembly 14, and show cathode block 20 and have groove 56 in its basal surface 54, wherein cast iron layer 57 and collector bar 52 are contained in groove 56.As shown in the figure, the internal surface of groove 56 is provided with multiple conductive inserts 76, and they are contained in the carbon of cathode block 20 by shrink-fit, as above with reference to anode 12 discuss.The present embodiment is equally applicable to, except difference discussed below above about discussion insert 76 being embedded anode block 18.

Conductive inserts 76 in the surface of embedded groove 56 is not significantly projected in cast iron layer 57.Specifically, the head of the insert 76 in Figure 24 and 25 is intended to be smooth, optionally has rounded edges, thus allowance cast iron layer 57 moves relative to the axial expansion of cathode block 20.To understand, and carbon material may be caused to destroy when cast iron layer axially expands relative to cathode block 20 on the head embedded in cast iron layer 57 of insert 76.In addition, engage to prevent from being formed between insert 76 with cast iron layer 57, the head of insert can be provided with the non-cohesive material of thin Graphite Powder 99 coating or other conductions, and it significantly can not increase the resistance between insert 76 and cast iron layer 57.

Describe now with reference to Figure 30 and permit the replacement arrangement of cast iron layer 57 relative to the axial expansion movement of cathode block 20, Figure 30 is the enlarged view of the circled portion of Figure 29.According to this embodiment, the conductive inserts 76 be embedded in the side surface of groove 56 and/or top surface is provided with the head be projected in cast iron layer 57.These heads can become embedding wherein during the casting of iron layer 57, provide the path of the good conductive between cathode block 20 and cast iron layer 57 thus.In this embodiment, insert 76 is mounted across the chamber 182 formed in the side surface of groove 56, and its lumen 182 seals in order to avoid fill molten cast iron by metal skirt or packing ring 184, and this metal skirt or packing ring 184 may be attached to the bar handle of insert 176.Between the working life of electrolyzer, due to the different heat expansion between cathode block 20 and collector bar 52 or the distortion due to cathode block 20, collector bar 52 and cast iron layer 57 can move small distance relative to cathode block 20.The bar handle of metal insert 76 can bend or bend in chamber 182, and/or this bar handle can partly extract cathode block 20, the good conductive simultaneously maintained between cast iron layer 57 and cathode block 20 due to the head of insert 76 embedding.

As shown in Figure 22, conducting metal Pot Lining 144 can be located between the internal surface of cast iron layer 57 and groove 56.This conductive trough liner comprises sheet metal, and insert 76 runs through this sheet metal and extends in cathode block 20, and this liner is remained on position as shown in Figure 22 by the head of insert 76.As shown in Figure 23, liner 144 can have expansion slit 146 between insert position (such as hole 148), to allow liner 144 relative to the different heat expansion of cathode block 20.Liner 144 alternatively comprises multiple closely cooperating or overlapping conductive metal sheet, and wherein every a slice is attached to the internal surface of cathode can 56 by means of at least one insert 76.To understand, provide liner 144 by improve cast iron layer 57 and cathode can 56 surface between the distribution of current fetching and improve in cathode block 20 that is electrically connected.

Replace using liner, by providing more inserts 76 or as shown in Figure 24 by providing the insert 76 with larger head and/or conducting metal packing ring 150 to strengthen distribution of current.Such as, the insert 76 of the enlarge head 78 (it can partly be embedded in the carbon of block 20) with band rounded edges 78 has been shown in Figure 25, and it will in following discussion.

In the situation of anode 12, the insert 76 be embedded in anode block 18 has the head that is projected in short column hole 58 and embeds the collar 64 to change the shape of condensation iron, thus reduces the constringency cleft between cast iron and short column hole wall.This reduce the resistance between those assemblies.As shown in Figure 25, this effect can by providing the collector bar anchor log 152 of one or more conduction to reach in negative electrode 14, and one end of collector bar anchor log 152 is attached to collector bar 52 and the other end is projected in groove 56.The end be projected in groove 56 of collector bar anchor log 152 is embedded in becoming in cast iron layer 57 and provides heat sink during the casting of layer 57.For same cause discussed above, this by the condensation profile by changing cast iron layer 57 with between the internal surface promoting iron to solidify across the whole width at the interval between collector bar 52 and cathode block 20 to reduce cast iron layer 57 and groove 56 in collector bar anchor log solidification shrinkage gap locally, as the condensation thermoisopleth 29 in Figure 26 explain orally.This provide collector bar 52 to coordinate with " tighter " of the cast iron layer 57 in cathode can 56, thus reduce cathode block 20, resistance between collector bar 52 and cast iron layer 57.

The quantity of collector bar anchor log 152, the degree of depth, size and position can by the resistance changing to regulate between the top surface 30 of cathode block 20 and collector bar 52, thus make resistance consistent as far as possible.In order to strengthen heat sink effect, collector bar anchor log 152 can be provided with enlarge head, as shown in Figure 25.In addition, can there be screw thread in the hole 154 that anchor log 152 is accommodated therein with them, thus permits the overhang regulating anchor log 152.Such as, projecting degree can be conditioned, thus the head contact of anchor log 152 is embedded in the head of the conductive inserts 76 in cathode block 20.This electrical connection that will improve further between collector bar 52 and cathode block 20.

Figure 26 has explained orally the cathode assembly 14 according to the modification of the embodiment shown in Figure 25.The cathode assembly of Figure 26 comprises the insert 76 having and expand rounding head 78, and insert 76 is knocked in the carbon being urged to cathode block 20, but not is driven in pre-manufactured hole 68.The right side of collector bar 52 is provided with adjustable ground and is contained in screw thread collector bar anchor log 152 in threaded hole 154, and collector bar anchor log 152 is forms of bolt or screw rod, does not have enlarge head, and protruding terminus is optionally formed as taper.The protruding terminus of collector bar anchor log 152 can contact with the head 78 of insert 76 or not contact.

The left side of collector bar 52 is provided with fixing collector bar anchor log 156, and they engage by fusion the outside surface that (such as by welding, brazing or soldering) is fixed to collector bar.Fixing anchor log 156 can be the form of cylindrical bolt or bar, and protruding terminus can be formed as shown as taper.Fixing anchor log 156 will serve as heat sink, and have similar effect to the condensation profile of cast iron layer 57, indicated by the condensation thermoisopleth 29 on the left of Figure 26.

Figure 32 and 33 has explained orally the embodiment of cathode assembly 14, wherein compared with the conventional cathode assembly seen in Figure 15-16, by provide across the top surface 30 of cathode block 20 lower and evenly resistance improve distribution of current.This will reduce power consumption, reduce the non-uniform corrosion of cathode block 20, and reduce the horizontal current in metal gasket.According to this embodiment, by the resistance using copper collector bar 170 to reduce cathode assembly.According to this embodiment, make resistance across the top surface 30 of cathode block 20 by the distance changing top surface from the distance of top to the top surface 55 of collector bar 52 of cast iron layer 57 and the top from cast iron layer 57 to the groove 56 of cathode block 20 along the length of groove 56 evenly.

As shown in Figure 32, collector bar 52 is engaged to cathode block 20 by means of the cast iron layer 57 on two the horizontal opposite flanks 59 residing in cathode can 56 of collector bar 52.Formed with the embodiment shown in Figure 15 and 16 and contrast, between the top surface 55 and the top surface of groove 56 of collector bar 52, do not provide cast iron layer 57.This space is optionally filled with insulation and the refractory materials 178 of thermal insulation.

In addition, along the height of the cast iron layer 57 of each side surface 59 of collector bar 52 along the length variations of collector bar 52, higher at the middle part of collector bar 52 and groove 56, and the end closing on collector bar 52 and groove 56 is lower.Thus, each cast iron layer 57 has top 180, and the distance of the top surface 55 of itself and collector bar 52, along the length variations of groove 56, wherein can be filled with insulating refractories 178 by contoured caused any interval of top 180.In explained orally embodiment, the top 180 of cast iron layer 57 formalizes with approximate curved profile, but this shape can be different from shown, all straight or polygonal profiles in this way.In addition, in this embodiment, the top 180 of cast iron layer 57 flushes with the top surface 55 of collector bar 52 substantially at the mid point of cathode block 20.

By the contoured top 180 of cast iron layer 57, the resistance of the negative electrode carbon between the top surface 30 of cathode block 20 and the surface in contact of iron layer 57 presents the resistance of change along cathode block 20 length, the resistance of this change made up by the changes in resistance along collector bar 52 length, thus gives the almost uniform resistance of the arbitrary outer end to collector bar 52 from top surface 30 length along cathode block 20.By changing the size of groove 56 and the iron connecting surface between cathode block 20 and collector bar 52, the distribution of current of top surface 30 width across cathode block 20 can be made more even.The shape profile of the top 180 of iron layer 57 and also can be different the cathode assembly 14 adjoined from the distance of the top surface 55 of top 180 to the collector bar 52 of iron layer 57, thus balance is across the distribution of current of electrolyzer 10 width.Cast iron can be replaced by carbon paste equally, and carbon paste is for connecting cathode block and collector bar.

Insulating refractories 178 between cathode block 20 and collector bar 52 is for reducing the heat transfer rate from cathode block 20 to collector bar 52.This material 178 can be can cast, use interim body, or can by prefabricated and be arranged in cathode can 56 before arrangement collector bar 52 and casting cast iron 57.

As shown in Figure 33, insert 76 (all as shown in Figure 30 those) can be arranged along the length of collector bar 52.

Figure 27 and 28 illustrates the alternative embodiment of cathode assembly 14, does not arrange cast iron layer 57 in the interval wherein between collector bar 52 and cathode block 20.Cathode block 20 is connected to collector bar conductively by band web member 112, band web member 112 comprises the cable 113 with lug 115, one of lug end 115 is connected to the basal surface 54 of cathode block 20 conductively by conductive inserts 76, and relative lug end 115 is connected to the basal surface 53 of collector bar 52 conductively by bolt 176.Alternatively, multiple any band web member 112 described above can be provided.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 27 and 28, collector bar 52 remains on correct position by one or more conduction suspension assembly 160, one of them conduction suspension assembly 160 is shown in the drawings, comprise tongue 162 and groove portion 164, along the longitudinal axis of collector bar 52, the end, is contained in groove portion 164, as what find out best in the cross-sectional side view of Figure 28 tongue 162 slidably.In explained orally embodiment, tongue 162 has attachment flange 166, and it is fixed to the top surface 55 (relative with basal surface 53) of collector bar 52 by one or more bolt 176, uses other machineries or fusion to connect although can replace.Groove portion has pair of attachment flange 168 along its transverse edge, and these flanges are attached to the internal surface of groove 56 by the conductive inserts 76 inserted in the carbon of cathode block 20.To understand, the position in tongue 162 and groove portion 164 can be put upside down, and namely groove portion 164 is attached to collector bar 52 and tongue 162 is attached to cathode block 20.

By conduction suspension assembly 160, the relative thermal expansion of collector bar 52 and cathode block 20 causes the axis vertical of tongue 162 in groove portion 164 to move, and provides the support to collector bar 52 thus, avoids causing thermal stresses simultaneously.

If eliminate cast iron or glue-line 57, then the gap between the internal surface of collector bar 52 and cathode can 56 can be filled with adiabaticly expects, to reduce the heat trnasfer between cathode block 20 and collector bar 52.

The life-span must running through electrolyzer maintains the thermal equilibrium of electrolyzer; thus electrolytic solution is maintained than its condensing temperature height about 25-50 degree Celsius; make electrolytic solution can carry out corrosion protection against sidewall condensation with oppose side wall refractory materials simultaneously, and prevent the too much condensation of electrolytic solution on anode and cathode surface.But the thermal conductivity of electrolyzer is passed the corrosive wear due to sidewall and cathode block 20 in time and changes, and may change with the resistance of electrolyzer to energy (watt) input of electrolyzer.According to the embodiment shown in Figure 34 and 35, the outside surface working life that can be provided with for running through electrolyzer 10 of pot shell 11 (shown in Fig. 1) prevents pot shell 11 from overheating or excessively cold removable device.

According to the embodiment of Figure 34, the thermal conductivity in pot shell 11 increases at selected location place by using the radiator element 186 (have or cool without pressure) be attached to outside pot shell 11.Radiator element 186 absorbs heat from pot shell 11 and cools pot shell 11 by the thermal convection to air and/or the thermal transpiration to environment.The rate of cooling that radiator element 186 provides increases the temperature of the refractory materials liner 34,36 (shown in Fig. 1) reduced on inside pot shell 11, affects the thickness of condensation electrolyte layer thus.

Each radiator element 186 can comprise the extrusion aluminium shape with base plate 188, and base plate 188 comprises basal surface 190 and top surface 192, and wherein basal surface 190 contacts pot shell 11.One or more alar part 194 extends from top surface 192.Radiator element 186 can be made up of aluminium, and can comprise surface anodization process, and such as colored anodic oxidation coatings which increases the emittance of fin material, thus improves it disperses ability from heat to environment compared with not anodized aluminium radiator fin.

Radiator element 186 magnetically can be kept against pot shell 11 by one or more rare earth and/or non-ferromagnetic 196, this magnet 196 has the Curie point being at least about 500 degrees Celsius.Such as, magnet 196 can comprise SmCo or aluminium nickel cobalt (magnet steel) alloy magnet.This type of magnet 196 maintains its magnetic force when high temperature, and keeps radiator element 186 against the side of steel tank shell 11 when steel tank shell 11 has been heated to due to the wearing and tearing of internal refractories liner and has exceeded normal design parameter.

Magnet 196 is maintained in base plate 188.Such as, the basal surface 190 of base plate 188 can be provided with the one or more chambeies 198 for keeping magnet 196, and magnet 196 is by keeping screw rod 200 or other mechanisms and/or remaining on wherein by engaging.Base plate 188 can have ditch 202 along basal surface 190 edge of plate 188, to make radiator element 186 to be levered up to remove from pot shell 11.

Radiator element 186 can comprise leptophragmata warmware 204 further between magnet 196 and steel tank shell 11, and the heat trnasfer entering magnet 196 through leptophragmata warmware 204 will reduce, but magnetic force will be maintained.Thermal insulation barriers 204 may be attached to the outside surface 197 of magnet 196, and can comprise the non-flammable material with low heat conductivity.Thermal insulation barriers 204 by make magnet 196 remain on than without thermal insulation barriers 204 when colder temperature improve the performance of magnet 196.For the sake of clarity, in Figure 34, thermal insulation barriers 204 is illustrated as removing from the outside surface of lower magnet 196.

According to the embodiment of Figure 35, the thermal conductivity in pot shell 11 reduces at selected location place by using outer thermal insulation on pot shell 11, and this thermal insulation material decreases the convection current of pot shell 11 and disperses cooling.Because the internal refractories in electrolyzer is along with its working life wear and tear (thinning), pot shell 11 may from excessively cold become overheated, thus expect there is the thermal insulation material that easily can remove when local shell temperature exceedes certain level.

According to the present embodiment, interim thermal insulation material is applied in the outside of pot shell 11 with the form of one or more magnetic mounting mat 206, and one of them magnetic mounting mat 206 is shown in Figure 35.Pad 206 is made up of noninflammable, high temperature material 210, and its fusing point is at least about 600 degrees Celsius, and such as one or more layers is weaved or non-woven flexible glass or ceramic fiber cloth.Packing material is optionally packed between each layer cloth.Pad 206 reduces the rate of cooling of pot shell 11 to environment, which thereby enhances the internal temperature of the pot shell 11 adjoining pad position.Pad 206 can be overlapping and/or stacked, to cover contiguous zone and/or to strengthen the rate of cooling reduction in the designated area of pot shell 11.The flexibility of pad 206 allows them to be placed in the structural member of pot shell 11.

Multiple magnet 208 is attached to the structure of pad 206 with the position of abundance and quantity or is trapped in the structure of pad 206, with supporting pad 206 against pot shell 11, and reduces the convection current of pot shell 11 to environment thus and disperses cooling.Magnet 208 can be iron content, non-ferric, or can be made up of rare earth alloy.Magnet 208 can be selected by intensity and Curie point, with reach in the temperature of pot shell 11 or its part be difficult to accept high-level time lose confining force.In addition, magnet 208 has enough low magnetic force to make manually to be removed from pot shell 11 by pad 206.

Although there have been described specific embodiment, claim is not limited to these embodiments.Specifically, the disclosure comprises all embodiments that can fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. the electrode assemblie used in for generation of the electrolyzer of metal, described electrode assemblie comprises:

A () has the conductive carbon electrode block of first surface and second surface, wherein when described electrode assemblie in use, described first surface is towards the inside of described electrolyzer;

B () has the conducting metal component of first end and the second end, the first end of wherein said hardware is connected to described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block in an electrically conductive manner, and the second end of described hardware is adapted to for being connected to bus-bar in an electrically conductive manner;

C () is contained in the solid-state conductive metal insert in described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block at least in part, wherein said insert extends into described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block from the described second surface of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block; And

Wherein said metal insert is contained in described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block with shrink-fit, applies transverse force to make described insert on described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

2. electrode assemblie as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electrode is prebake carbon anode, and the described first surface of wherein said carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is its basal surface, and wherein said conducting metal component comprises vertical conductor bar.

3. electrode assemblie as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described conducting metal component comprises short vertical leg at its first end further, described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has the top surface relative with described basal surface, in described top surface, be formed with recess, one end of wherein said short vertical leg is contained in described recess.

4. electrode assemblie as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the described second surface that described insert extends wherein comprises the internal surface of described recess, and described internal surface is selected from basal surface and the side surface of described recess.

5. electrode assemblie as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described insert extends into the described basal surface of described recess and extends vertically downward from it.

6. electrode assemblie as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described insert extends into the described side surface of described recess and radial toward extension from it.

7. electrode assemblie as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described insert is downward and outward-dipping from described second surface.

8. the electrode assemblie according to any one of claim 4 to 7, it is characterized in that, comprise the multiple described insert in the described basal surface and/or described side surface being located at described recess, wherein each described insert is contained in described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block at least in part.

9. electrode assemblie as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the part of each described insert is given prominence to from the described basal surface of described recess or described side surface.

10. electrode assemblie as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, each insert comprise enlarge head from described basal surface or the outstanding described part of described side surface.

11. electrode assemblies according to any one of claim 4 to 10, it is characterized in that, described recess is provided with conducting metal liner, formed to conduct electricity by described conducting metal liner between described short column with described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block and be connected, and the described conducting metal liner direct conduction of wherein said insert or described multiple insert and described recess contact.

12. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, described conducting metal liner comprise cast part at least partially, described cast part is formed on the spot between described short column and described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

13. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, a part for described conducting metal liner comprises solid preform, described solid preform combines with described cast part between the Formation period of described metal gasket, and wherein said insert or described multiple insert before the described cast part of formation with described prefabricated component direct conduction contact.

14. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, described prefabricated component comprises the base plate contacted with the basal surface of described recess.

15. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described electrode assemblie comprises multiple described short vertical leg at its first end further, described short column is spaced apart from each other, and described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is formed with multiple described recess in its top surface, one end of each described short vertical leg is contained in a corresponding described recess; And

Wherein each described short vertical leg is for fixing to described vertical conductor bar by conducting metal yoke.

16. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described electrode assemblie comprises multiple conductive bypass separator component further, wherein each conductive bypass separator component bypasses described yoke and a described short vertical leg, wherein the first end of each described bypass component is connected to described vertical conductor bar by conduction connection, and the second end is connected to described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by conduction connection.

17. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is provided with multiple described insert in its top surface, and wherein described second end of each described bypass component is connected to insert described at least one.

18. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, described second end of each described bypass component is fixed to the described top surface of described electrode by insert described at least one, and wherein described second end of each bypass component comprises extensible or flexible portion.

19. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has the top surface relative with described basal surface, and is provided with multiple described insert in top surface described in it,

Wherein said electrode assemblie comprises neck shape web member further, and described neck shape web member has sidewall to hold the described first end of described conducting metal component and to provide the conduction between described conducting metal component with described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block to be connected, and

Wherein said neck shape web member comprises at least one attachment portion further, described attachment portion is connected to described sidewall and stretches out from it, and at least one insert that each described attachment portion is connected in described insert is connected to provide the conduction between described attachment portion with at least one insert described.

20. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 19, is characterized in that, described multiple insert is across the described top surface distribution of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, and at least one attachment portion wherein said is connected to each described insert.

21. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that, described conducting metal component comprises short vertical leg at its first end further, and wherein each described short vertical leg is for fixing to described vertical conductor bar by conducting metal yoke;

Wherein said electrode assemblie comprises multiple described neck shape web member further, and the described sidewall of each neck shape web member holds one end of a described short vertical leg; And

Each attachment portion at least one attachment portion wherein said is connected to all described short vertical leg conductively by described neck shape web member.

22. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has the top surface relative with described basal surface, and is provided with multiple described insert in top surface described in it,

Wherein said electrode assemblie comprises yoke assembly further, provides to conduct electricity to be connected by described yoke assembly between described conducting metal component with described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block;

Wherein said yoke assembly comprises multiple bending metals strut, each bending metals strut has upper end and relative lower end, described upper end connects the lower end being fixed to described conducting metal component by conduction, described lower end is for fixing to described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by insert described at least one by conduction connection.

23. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 22, is characterized in that, the lower end of described strut is departed from each other and departed from described conducting metal component and stretches out.

24. electrode assemblies as described in claim 22 or 23, it is characterized in that, described yoke assembly comprises strut described in a pair that arranges relative to one another.

25. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electrode is prebake carbon cathode, the described first surface of wherein said carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is its top surface, and described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has the basal surface relative with described top surface, and wherein said conducting metal component comprises collector bar, and described collector bar has the first part in the groove be contained in described basal surface, described collector bar and described basal surface substantially parallel.

26. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 25, is characterized in that, be provided with cast iron layer in described groove between described collector bar and described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

27. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that, the described second surface that described insert extends wherein comprises the internal surface of described groove, and the described internal surface of described groove is selected from top surface and the side surface of described groove.

28. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that, described insert has the head of exposure, and described head is contained between described cast iron layer and described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

29. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 28, is characterized in that, comprise the conducting metal liner between flat head portion and described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block and/or conducting metal packing ring that are contained in described insert further.

30. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that, described collector bar is provided with one or more collector bar anchor log, and each described anchor log has the first end being attached to described collector bar and the second end embedded in described cast iron layer.

31. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 30, it is characterized in that, the first end of each described anchor log comprises threaded rod handle, and described threaded rod handle is contained in the threaded hole of described collector bar.

32. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the described insert described second surface be contained in wherein comprises the described basal surface of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, and wherein said collector bar has the emerge substantially coplanar with the described basal surface of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

33. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 32, it is characterized in that, conducting metal web member is attached to the described basal surface of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block and the described emerge of described collector bar, is connected to provide the conduction between described collector bar with described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

34. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 33, it is characterized in that, described conducting metal web member is attached to the described top surface of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by described insert, and contacts conductively with described insert.

35. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 34, it is characterized in that, described conducting metal web member is the form of one or more layers planar metal band.

36. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 35, it is characterized in that, described band has extensible portion, is out of shape to permit the different heat expansion of the axle that described conducting metal web member defines along described collector bar in response to described collector bar and described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

37. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 34, it is characterized in that, described conducting metal web member comprises flexible cable connector.

38. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 37, it is characterized in that, described flexible cable connector is provided with lug end.

39. electrode assemblies according to any one of claim 32 to 38, it is characterized in that, described electrode assemblie comprises the multiple described insert in the described basal surface being located at described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block, wherein each described insert is contained in described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block at least in part, and wherein said electrode assemblie comprises multiple described conducting metal web member further, and each conducting metal web member provides described collector bar to be connected with the conduction described at least one between insert.

40. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 39, it is characterized in that, described insert is opened along the length separation of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block.

41. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 39, it is characterized in that, described insert has different size, to control the resistance of described top surface relative to the outside of described collector bar of described carbon block.

42. electrode assemblies according to any one of Claims 1-4 1, it is characterized in that, the size of the thickness of described insert and the width in described hole is relative to each other designed such that the interfacial contact pressure between described insert and adjacent carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block is at least about 1kPa.

43. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 42, it is characterized in that, described interfacial contact pressure is less than about 10MPa.

44. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 43, it is characterized in that, described interfacial contact pressure is at about 1MPa and about between 10MPa.

45. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 42, is characterized in that, maximum interfacial contact pressure is less than makes carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block around break the about half of required parting pressure.

46. electrode assemblies according to any one of Claims 1-4 5, it is characterized in that, described second end be adapted to for being connected to described bus-bar of described hardware comprises the connecting surface being adapted to and mating with described bus-bar, and wherein said connecting surface is plated or is coated with corrosion-resistant conductive material.

47. electrode assemblies according to any one of Claims 1-4 6, is characterized in that, in hole that is that described insert is contained in preboring in described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block or that formed.

48. electrode assemblies according to any one of Claims 1-4 7, it is characterized in that, described electrode is prebake, and described insert was inserted into described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block before or after electrode described in prebake.

49. electrode assemblies according to any one of claim 25 and 32 to 38, it is characterized in that, described collector bar is supported in the described groove of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by least one suspension assembly, and described suspension assembly comprises the tongue be slidably received within groove portion.

50. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 49, is characterized in that, described groove portion is for fixing to described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block by one or more described conducting metal insert, and described tongue is fixed to described collector bar.

51. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, described collector bar comprises core and the shell around described core.

52. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 51, it is characterized in that, described core is made up of first metal with the resistance lower than steel, and wherein said shell is made up of second metal with the fusing point higher than the maximum operating temperature of described electrolyzer.

53. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 52, it is characterized in that, described core comprises copper or its alloy.

54. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 52, it is characterized in that, described shell comprises steel, nickel or alloy, such as stainless steel.

55. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 51, it is characterized in that, described shell comprises seal closure, and its all sides in pot shell surround described core.

56. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 55, it is characterized in that, described shell comprises premanufactured skin, and described core is formed by casting described first metal in described shell.

57. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that, the outside surface of described collector bar comprises rib and/or ditch.

58. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, described collector bar has the second section at described groove extension, and the described second section of wherein said collector bar comprises the end being contained in the little cross-sectional area of described first part in described groove had than described collector bar.

59. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that, described insert has head, and described head embeds in described cast iron layer.

60. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 59, it is characterized in that, the described second surface of described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block has chamber, described insert is contained in described piece by described chamber, be arranged in described chamber with a part for the bar handle making described insert, the described part of described bar handle can bend during the relative movement between described carbon dioxide process carbon electrode block and described cast iron layer.

61. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 60, is characterized in that, the described bar handle of described insert is provided with metal skirt, and described metal skirt covers described chamber and prevents from filling described chamber during the casting of described cast iron layer.

62. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that, described groove has top surface and a contralateral surface, and wherein said cast iron layer is only located between the described side surface of described groove and the opposite flank of described collector bar.

63. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 62, it is characterized in that, the interval between the top surface of described groove and the opposing vertex surface of described collector bar is filled with insulation and the refractory materials of thermal insulation.

64. electrode assemblies as claimed in claim 62, is characterized in that, the height of the top of the described cast iron layer between each side surface and the opposite flank of described collector bar of described groove is along the length variations of described groove.

65. electrode assemblies as described in claim 64, is characterized in that, the distance of the top of described cast iron layer and the spaced apart length variations along described groove of the described top surface of described groove.

66. electrode assemblies as described in claim 65, it is characterized in that, the described distance between the described top of described cast iron layer and the described top surface of described groove is minimum at the middle part of described groove, and the end of contiguous described groove is maximum.

67. electrode assemblies as described in claim 66, it is characterized in that, described insulating refractory fills any interval between the described top of described cast iron layer and the described top surface of described groove.

Install radiator element for the magnetic being removably attached to the steel tank shell of the electrolyzer for generation of metal for 68. 1 kinds, described magnetic is installed radiator element and is comprised:

A () has the base plate of basal surface and top surface, wherein said basal surface is adapted to and is received against described pot shell;

B one or more alar parts that () extends from the described top surface of described base plate;

C () one or more magnet with the Curie point being at least about 500 degrees Celsius, described one or more magnet is fixed to described base plate.

69. magnetic as recited in claim 68 install radiator element, and it is characterized in that, described one or more magnet comprises rare-earth magnet and/or non-ferromagnetic.

70. magnetic as described in claim 69 install radiator element, and it is characterized in that, described one or more magnet comprises SmCo or aluminium nickel cobalt (magnet steel) alloy magnet.

71. magnetic as recited in claim 68 install radiator element, it is characterized in that, comprise the described basal surface being attached to described magnet further and the thermal insulation barriers be seated between described magnet and described pot shell, wherein said thermal insulation barriers comprises the non-flammable material thin-layer with low heat conductivity.

72. 1 kinds for being removably attached to the magnetic mounting mat of the steel tank shell of the electrolyzer for generation of metal, described magnetic mounting mat comprises:

(a) one or more layers there is the flexible high-temperature resistant material of the fusing point being at least about 600 degrees Celsius; And

B () multiple magnet, it is attached to described material so that described pad is retained to described pot shell.

73. magnetic mounting mats as described in claim 72, is characterized in that,

The Curie point of described magnet and confining force make them lose enough confining forces when the preset temperature corresponding with the high-temperature-phase being difficult to accept of described steel tank shell.

74. magnetic mounting mats as described in claim 72, is characterized in that, described magnet is made up of iron containing alloy or nonferrous alloy or rare earth alloy.

75. magnetic mounting mats as described in claim 72, it is characterized in that, described material comprises flexible glass or ceramic fiber cloth.