CN107099821B - Full sealing device for upper part of prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell - Google Patents

Full sealing device for upper part of prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107099821B
CN107099821B CN201710484545.8A CN201710484545A CN107099821B CN 107099821 B CN107099821 B CN 107099821B CN 201710484545 A CN201710484545 A CN 201710484545A CN 107099821 B CN107099821 B CN 107099821B
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anode
sealing
smoke baffle
plate
electrolytic
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CN107099821A (en
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田应甫
尹建国
李贺松
周雪娇
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Chongqing University of Science and Technology
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Chongqing University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/16Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/22Collecting emitted gases

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a full-sealing device for the upper part of a prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell, which comprises an anode guide rod, an anode large bus and an upright bus connected with the anode large bus, wherein the anode large bus is fixedly arranged at the center of the top part of the electrolytic cell, aluminum small buses are symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the anode large bus, and the aluminum small buses are connected with the upper end of the anode guide rod to realize the power supply of current to an anode system of the electrolytic cell; a sealing cover is further arranged above the electrolytic tank, and comprises an end face cover plate, a side face outer cover, a top smoke baffle plate, a side sealing plate and a bottom smoke baffle plate which are arranged on a bearing truss at the upper part of the electrolytic tank; the sealing cover completely seals the open end of the upper part of the electrolytic tank. The invention improves the structure of the traditional anode large bus, and provides a fully-sealed device based on the improved structure of the anode large bus, which completely seals the upper part of an electrolytic tank, prevents electrolytic flue gas from leaking and discharges in an unstructured way, and realizes clean production.

Description

Full sealing device for upper part of prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, in particular to a full-sealing device for the upper part of a prebaked anode aluminum electrolysis cell.
Background
A large amount of harmful smoke and dust containing HF gas can be generated in the aluminum electrolysis process, the anode system of the electrolytic tank is usually sealed in order to prevent any emission of the harmful smoke, and the smoke is pumped into a purification system for centralized treatment through a smoke discharging channel.
Therefore, the sealing device is an important component of the aluminum electrolysis cell, most of the existing prebaked anode aluminum electrolysis cell sealing devices are formed by small aluminum alloy cell covers, the lower parts of the sealing devices are placed on the electrolytic cell edge plates, the upper parts of the sealing devices are buckled on the smoke baffle plates, the anode guide rods penetrate out of U-shaped cells on the smoke baffle plates, the upper edge plates of the cell covers are contacted with the outer side surfaces of the anode guide rods, and a plurality of cell covers are close to form a sealing structure. The disadvantages of this sealing structure are: a) The mutually-closed cell covers are deformed by heating, and the edges of the cell covers cannot be closed to leak electrolytic flue gas; b) The U-shaped slot through which the anode guide rod passes also leaks a large amount of electrolysis flue gas. Therefore, the existing prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell is in a semi-closed state in practice, a large amount of harmful smoke leaks out with dust, so that the non-tissue emission is caused, the loss of raw materials and the serious environmental pollution are caused, the body of workers is injured, and the serious social problem is caused.
The root of the incapability of fully sealing of the existing electrolytic cell is that the design of an anode large bus system is unreasonable: the two anode large buses are designed into frames with middle connecting sleeves at two sides of the upper bearing truss, and the frames play roles of supplying power to the anode, fixing the anode guide rod and bearing the anode. Since the anode is continuously consumed as production proceeds, the anode and anode bus bar need to be continuously moved down in order to keep the anode pitch constant. When the anode large bus falls to the lower limit, all anodes are temporarily fixed by lifting the anode large bus frame, and the anode guide rod fixing clamp is opened to lift the anode large bus in electrified (by friction contact conduction between the anode guide rod and the anode large bus). When the upper limit is lifted, the anode guide rod is clamped again and the busbar lifting frame is removed, in the process, fire is likely to strike between the anode guide rod and the anode large busbar, the anode guide rod and the anode large busbar are damaged, and the danger is very high, so that the anode guide rod and the anode large busbar must be placed under the tight monitoring of operators to open the operation, which is the root of the failure of the prebaked anode aluminum electrolysis cell to be fully sealed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a full-sealing device for the upper part of a prebaked anode aluminum cell, which is used for completely sealing the upper structure of the cell, almost completely collecting the flue gas and dust generated by the electrolytic aluminum, efficiently purifying and recycling the flue gas and dust through a purifying system, realizing the clean production of the electrolytic aluminum and improving the overall heat preservation performance of the cell.
The technical proposal is as follows:
the utility model provides a full sealing device in prebaked anode aluminium cell upper portion, includes positive pole guide arm, positive pole big busbar, the stand busbar that links to each other with positive pole big busbar, positive pole system is installed to the lower extreme of positive pole guide arm, its key lies in: the anode large bus is fixedly arranged at the center of the top of the electrolytic tank, aluminum small buses are symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the anode large bus, and the aluminum small buses are connected with the upper ends of the anode guide rods to realize current supply to an anode system of the electrolytic tank;
a sealing cover is further arranged above the electrolytic tank, and comprises an end face cover plate, a side face outer cover, a top smoke baffle plate, a side sealing plate and a bottom smoke baffle plate which are arranged on a bearing truss above the electrolytic tank; the top smoke baffle plate is positioned at the upper part of the truss, the side sealing plate is positioned at the side part of the truss, and the bottom smoke baffle plate is positioned at the bottom of the truss and fixedly connected with the end door beam;
the end face cover plates are arranged at two ends of the upper structure of the electrolytic cell, are respectively welded with the end parts of the side sealing plates, the end parts of the top smoke baffle plates and the end head door upright posts, and seal two end heads of the electrolytic cell together with the end head door; the side covers are arranged on two sides of the upper structure of the electrolytic cell, the upper edge of the side covers is fixed on the top smoke baffle plate, the lower edge of the side covers is fixed on the electrolytic cell edge plate, and the two ends of the side covers are fixed with the end face cover plates to seal the side face of the upper structure of the electrolytic cell.
The top smoke baffle is parallel to the bottom smoke baffle and is perpendicular to the side sealing plate, and the top smoke baffle, the side sealing plate, the bottom smoke baffle, the end door, the end face cover plate and the side outer cover form a saddle type sealing cavity to fully seal the upper structure of the electrolytic tank.
According to the technical scheme, the anode large bus is fixedly arranged at the center of the top of the electrolytic tank, the left end and the right end of the anode large bus are symmetrically provided with the aluminum small bus, and the aluminum small bus is connected with the upper end of the anode guide rod to supply power to the anode system of the electrolytic tank. Compared with the traditional anode large bus structure, the fixed anode large bus structure eliminates the anode large bus frame with lifting power. Based on the method, a seal cover with reasonable structure is arranged above the electrolytic tank to completely seal the upper structure of the electrolytic tank, so that the flue gas and dust generated by the electrolytic aluminum are almost completely collected and are purified and recycled efficiently through a purification system, clean production of the electrolytic aluminum is realized, heat loss is reduced because hot gas is not leaked out, the overall heat preservation performance of the electrolytic tank is improved, and the heat balance of the electrolytic tank during low-pressure operation is maintained.
Further, a small hole matched with the shape of the small anode bus is formed in the top smoke baffle plate, the small anode bus penetrates through the small hole to be connected with an anode guide rod arranged in the sealing cover, and sealing rings are arranged at the contact positions of the small anode bus and the small hole.
Further, the upper edge of the side surface outer cover is fixed on the top smoke baffle plate through a clamping spring, and the lower edge of the side surface outer cover is fixed on the electrolytic tank edge plate through the clamping spring.
Further, the side surface outer cover is provided with heat preservation cotton, so that heat preservation is enhanced.
Furthermore, the side outer cover is composed of a plurality of side outer cover units, the side outer cover units are in transitional overlapping arrangement, and sealing strips are arranged at the joint.
Furthermore, sealing strips are arranged at the joint of the side outer cover, the top smoke baffle plate, the end face cover plate and the electrolytic cell edge plate.
Due to the adoption of the structure, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, one anode large bus is fixedly arranged at the center of the top of the electrolytic tank, the left end and the right end of the anode large bus are symmetrically provided with aluminum small buses, and the aluminum small buses are connected with the upper ends of anode guide rods arranged in a sealing cover to realize power supply of current to an anode system of the electrolytic tank. Compared with the traditional anode large bus structure, the fixed anode large bus structure eliminates the anode large bus frame with lifting power. Based on the structure of the anode large bus, a sealing cover with reasonable structure is arranged above the electrolytic tank to completely seal the upper structure of the electrolytic tank, and the generated flue gas and dust are almost completely collected and are efficiently purified and recycled through a purifying system, so that harmful gas cannot leak, and clean production of electrolytic aluminum is realized. Because the whole anode rod is sealed in the sealing cover, the problem of air leakage of gaps around the traditional anode rod is avoided.
2. Because the upper part of the electrolytic tank is fully sealed by the sealing cover, hot gas in the electrolytic tank is not leaked, heat loss brought away by the hot gas is eliminated, meanwhile, heat preservation cotton is added on the side outer cover of the sealing cover, so that the heat loss is reduced, the heat efficiency of the electrolytic tank is improved, and the energy consumption of aluminum electrolysis can be reduced.
3. The side outer cover is composed of a plurality of side outer cover units, the side outer cover units are in transitional overlapping arrangement, sealing strips are arranged at the joint, the side outer cover units are moved by using a crown block to hoist, and each time an anode is replaced, only one side outer cover unit is needed to hoist.
4. Because of complete sealing, the flue gas and dust generated by the electrolytic aluminum are almost completely collected and are efficiently purified and recycled through a purification system, so that the recovery rate of useful raw materials is improved.
5. After the electrolytic tank is fully sealed, compared with the traditional semi-sealing, the concentration of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in the flue gas in the sealing cover is improved, and flue gas desulfurization and carbon dioxide trapping are facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present apparatus;
in the accompanying drawings: 1-an electrolytic cell; 2-anode system; 3-lower garter spring; 4-end door posts; 5-end gate; 6-end cover plate; 7-side covers; 8-a smoke discharging channel; 9-truss; 10-upper garter spring; 11-a bottom smoke baffle; 12-side seal plates; 13-a top smoke baffle; 14-sealing strips; 15-aluminum busbar; 16-anode large bus; 17-column bus.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "upper end", "lower end", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured or operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The upper full-sealing device of the prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic tank shown in fig. 1 comprises an anode guide rod 18, an anode large bus bar 16 and a column bus bar 17 connected with the anode large bus bar 16, wherein the anode system 2 is arranged at the lower end of the anode guide rod 18. The anode large bus 16 is one and is fixedly arranged at the center of the top of the electrolytic tank, the left end and the right end of the anode large bus 16 are symmetrically provided with aluminum small buses 15, and the aluminum small buses 15 are connected with the upper ends of the anode guide rods 18 to realize that current supplies power to the anode system 2 of the electrolytic tank 1.
A sealing cover is further arranged above the electrolytic tank 1 and comprises an end face cover plate 6, a side face outer cover 7, a top smoke baffle 13, a side sealing plate 12 and a bottom smoke baffle 11 which are arranged on a bearing truss 9 above the electrolytic tank; the top smoke baffle 13 is located on the upper portion of the truss 9, the side sealing plate 12 is located on the side portion of the truss 9, and the bottom smoke baffle 11 is located on the bottom of the truss 9 and fixedly connected with the end door 5 cross beam.
The end face cover plates 6 are arranged at two ends of the upper structure of the electrolytic tank 1, are respectively welded with the end parts of the side sealing plates 12, the end parts of the top smoke baffle 13 and the end head door upright posts 4, and seal two end heads of the electrolytic tank together with the end head door 5; the side covers 7 are arranged on two sides of the upper structure of the electrolytic tank 1, the upper edge of the side covers is fixed on the top smoke baffle 13, the lower edge of the side covers is fixed on the edge plate of the electrolytic tank 1, and the two ends of the side covers are fixed with the end face cover plates 6 to seal the side face of the upper structure of the electrolytic tank.
The top smoke baffle 13 is parallel to the bottom smoke baffle 11 and is perpendicular to the side sealing plate 12, the top smoke baffle 13, the side sealing plate 12, the bottom smoke baffle 11, the end door 5, the end face cover plate 6 and the side outer cover 7 enclose a saddle type sealing cavity to completely seal the upper structure of the electrolytic tank 1, and the flue gas generated by electrolysis is completely sealed in the sealing cover and is pumped into a flue gas purification system through the smoke exhaust channel 8.
The top smoke baffle 13 is provided with a small hole matched with the shape of the small anode bus 15, the small anode bus 15 passes through the small hole and is connected with the upper end of an anode guide rod 18 arranged in the sealed cover, and the contact part of the small anode bus 15 and the small hole is provided with a sealing ring. Sealing strips are arranged at the joint of the side surface outer cover 7, the top smoke baffle 13, the end surface cover plate 6 and the electrolytic cell edge plate.
The upper edge of the side outer cover 7 is fixed on the top smoke baffle 13 through the upper clamping spring 10, and the lower edge is fixed on the electrolytic tank edge plate through the lower clamping spring 3.
And the side outer cover 7 is also provided with heat preservation cotton for enhancing heat preservation. The side outer cover is composed of a plurality of side outer cover units, the side outer cover units are in transitional overlapping arrangement, and sealing strips are arranged at the joint. The side outer cover units are lifted by a crown block, and only one side outer cover unit is lifted when the anode is replaced each time.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that; the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced with equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a full sealing device in prebaked anode aluminium cell upper portion, includes positive pole guide arm, positive pole big busbar, the stand busbar that links to each other with positive pole big busbar, positive pole system is installed to positive pole guide arm's lower extreme, its characterized in that: the anode large bus is fixedly arranged at the center of the top of the electrolytic tank, aluminum small buses are symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the anode large bus, and the aluminum small buses are connected with the upper ends of the anode guide rods to realize current supply to an anode system of the electrolytic tank;
a sealing cover is further arranged above the electrolytic tank, and comprises an end face cover plate, a side face outer cover, a top smoke baffle plate, a side sealing plate and a bottom smoke baffle plate which are arranged on a bearing truss above the electrolytic tank; the top smoke baffle plate is positioned at the upper part of the truss, the side sealing plate is positioned at the side part of the truss, and the bottom smoke baffle plate is positioned at the bottom of the truss and fixedly connected with the end door beam;
the end face cover plates are arranged at two ends of the upper structure of the electrolytic cell, are respectively welded with the end parts of the side sealing plates, the end parts of the top smoke baffle plates and the end head door upright posts, and seal two end heads of the electrolytic cell together with the end head door; the side outer covers are arranged on two sides of the upper structure of the electrolytic cell, the upper edges of the side outer covers are fixed on the top smoke baffle plate, the lower edges of the side outer covers are fixed on the electrolytic cell edge plates, and the two ends of the side outer covers are fixed with the end face cover plates to seal the side face of the upper structure of the electrolytic cell;
the top smoke baffle plate, the side sealing plate, the bottom smoke baffle plate, the end door, the end face cover plate and the side outer cover form a saddle type sealing cavity to completely seal the upper structure of the electrolytic tank;
the top smoke baffle plate is provided with a small hole matched with the shape of the small aluminum bus, the small aluminum bus passes through the small hole and is connected with an anode guide rod arranged inside the sealing cover, and the contact part of the small aluminum bus and the small hole is provided with a sealing ring.
2. The upper full-sealing device of the prebaked-anode aluminum cell according to claim 1, wherein: the top smoke baffle is parallel to the bottom smoke baffle and is perpendicular to the side sealing plate.
3. The upper full-sealing device of the prebaked-anode aluminum cell according to claim 1, wherein: the upper edge of the side surface outer cover is fixed on the top smoke baffle plate through a clamping spring, and the lower edge of the side surface outer cover is fixed on the electrolytic cell edge plate through a clamping spring.
4. The upper full-sealing device of the prebaked-anode aluminum cell according to claim 3, wherein: and the side surface outer cover is provided with heat preservation cotton.
5. The upper full-sealing device of the prebaked anode aluminum cell according to claim 4, wherein: the side outer cover is composed of a plurality of side outer cover units, the side outer cover units are in transitional overlapping arrangement, and sealing strips are arranged at the joint.
6. The upper full-sealing device of the prebaked anode aluminum cell according to claim 5, wherein: sealing strips are arranged at the joint of the side outer cover and the top smoke baffle plate, the end face cover plate and the electrolytic cell edge plate.
CN201710484545.8A 2017-06-23 2017-06-23 Full sealing device for upper part of prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell Active CN107099821B (en)

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CN107099821B true CN107099821B (en) 2023-07-25

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CN107893240A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-04-10 北京西玛高科技术有限公司 A kind of prebaked cell for aluminum-reduction
CN112831803B (en) * 2021-01-05 2021-11-16 中南大学 Double-layer closed aluminum electrolytic cell and upper heat-insulating cover thereof

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BR0215868B1 (en) * 2002-10-14 2012-09-04 exhaust limiter of an electrolysis cell and electrolysis cell.
CN101429665B (en) * 2007-11-05 2010-08-25 东北大学设计研究院(有限公司) Sealing method and device for anode rod of aluminum cell
CN101280435A (en) * 2008-05-27 2008-10-08 东北大学设计研究院(有限公司) 400kA level energy-saving emission-reduced prebaking aluminum cell
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