CN204285894U - A kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system - Google Patents
A kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system Download PDFInfo
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- CN204285894U CN204285894U CN201420617907.8U CN201420617907U CN204285894U CN 204285894 U CN204285894 U CN 204285894U CN 201420617907 U CN201420617907 U CN 201420617907U CN 204285894 U CN204285894 U CN 204285894U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system, combine photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly and front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly, photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly comprises direct current compressor, water-cooled condenser, air-cooled condenser, choke valve, wind-cooled evaporator, PV evaporimeter, front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly comprises PV evaporimeter, nano-fluid storage tank and nano-fluid circulating pump.Photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system and front heat absorbing type nano-fluid PV/T system combine by the utility model, heat pump solves the cooling problem of nano-fluid, improve the photoelectric efficiency of front heat absorbing type nano-fluid PV/T system: solar energy subrane can absorb by the optical characteristics of nano-fluid, improves solar energy composite utilization rate and the coefficient of performance of heat pump.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to Application of Solar Energy field, especially relates to a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system.
Background technology
Energy problem is the matter of utmost importance of socio-economic development.In recent years, along with the fast development of economy, the demand of China to the energy presents the trend increased fast.At present, because the fossil energies such as the low of China's efficiency of energy utilization and coal use, proportion is excessive result in that energy problem of China is severeer to be on the rise with environmental disruption, greatly constrains China's expanding economy.Solar energy, because its renewable and environment amenable advantage, is important traditional energy substitute.Application mode mainly photothermal deformation and the opto-electronic conversion of current solar energy.
How to utilize solar energy to be all the emphasis studied efficiently all the time, solar photoelectric/photothermal comprehensive utilization (PV/T, Photovoltaic/Thermal) be all significantly improved than independent light-electric system or light-hot systems, typical solar energy PV/T heat collector is topmost one deck glass cover-plate, centre is air layer, and beneath is photovoltaic cell and substrate layer thereof; After photovoltaic cell substrate, be welded with copper pipe, be heat-exchange working medium in copper pipe, be generally water.
The transfer process of solar energy is: first solar radiation arrives glass cover plate surfaces, and the solar radiation of the overwhelming majority through glass cover-plate, can have sub-fraction to be reflected by cover plate and absorb and dissipate; Solar radiation through glass cover-plate arrives middle air layer, in the air layer of centre, the solar radiation remaining the overwhelming majority can arrive photovoltaic cell surface through the air layer of centre, but equally also has sub-fraction to dissipate due to reasons such as the absorptions of scattering, multiple reflections between photovoltaic cell and glass cover-plate, air layer; Arrive the solar radiation on photovoltaic cell surface, a part is electric energy (mainly visible light part) by photovoltaic cell sorption enhanced, and remaining is then all converted into heat energy (mainly infrared part); The electric energy changed into can be used directly, and transform heat energy except small part be dissipated to environment China and foreign countries, other meeting is absorbed by photovoltaic cell and substrate thereof, and the temperature of photovoltaic cell and substrate is raised, and then passes to copper pipe with heat conducting form and the temperature of copper pipe is raised; Heat energy is passed to working medium by the working medium afterwards in copper tube and tube under the comprehensive function of heat transfer and convection current, and the temperature of working medium raises.As can be seen from the transmittance process of above solar energy, the solar energy part be efficiently absorbed changes into electric energy, and a part has changed into the heat energy of cycle fluid, and remaining is then because the reason of thermal resistance dissipates.
What common PV/T heat collector adopted is the mode that the back side absorbs, as can be seen from solar energy transmittance process above, PV/T heat collector has himself shortcoming: 1) raising of the photo-thermal efficiency of system is to sacrifice photoelectric efficiency to realize, the existence of intermediate air layer reduces system heat waste, but also reduces the solar radiation quantity arriving photovoltaic cell surface simultaneously; 2) the laminar structure more complicated of photovoltaic cell and substrate, the thermal resistance of middle TPT and EVA is larger, solar energy heat absorption has mainly been come (also having in some researchs adopts the mode of surperficial japanning to reduce the number of plies of TPT) by the TPT of black, and black TPT, pitch-dark absorptivity are limited; 3) thermal capacitance of photovoltaic cell and substrate thereof is less, and after heat absorption, temperature rise is comparatively large, causes the heat waste of system larger.
Nano-fluid is that form even, stable suspension, nano-fluid has more special thermal radiation property and augmentation of heat transfer character, makes nano-fluid have good application prospect in field of solar energy by the Granular composite of nanoscale in base fluid.Research finds, the nano-fluids such as zinc oxide, silica, alundum (Al2O3) have higher transmissivity for visible light wave range, have very high absorptivity at its all band, particularly infrared part, this characteristic of nano-fluid makes the PV/T of front heat absorbing type become possibility.Nano-fluid has high transmissivity at visible light part (can reach about 95%, be greater than the transmitance of intermediate air), the photoelectric efficiency of system can be improved, the photo-thermal efficiency of system can be improved at the high-absorbility (infrared part more than 95%, far above black TPT and pitch-dark absorptivity) of its all band simultaneously.The front heat absorption of nano-fluid can simplify the structure of PV plate, reduces system thermal resistance; And the existence of nano particle increases the thermal conductivity of base fluid, enhance the coefficient of heat transfer between nano-fluid and PV plate; The thermal capacitance of nano-fluid, much larger than the thermal capacitance of photovoltaic cell and substrate thereof, can reduce the heat waste of system greatly.Research proves, the overall efficiency of the PV/T system of nano-fluid front heat absorbing type is higher than common PV/T system.
But nano-fluid heat absorbing type PV/T system also has the shortcoming of himself in actual applications, because nano-fluid and photovoltaic cell layer directly contact (outer field TPT can waterproof and electric insulation), therefore the temperature of nano-fluid directly affects the temperature of photovoltaic cell, there is the problem same with common PV/T, namely along with the continuation of circulation, nano-fluid temperature raises gradually, and photoelectric efficiency will be affected.In addition because obtaining in a large number of nano-fluid is cumbersome, therefore a lot of scholar adopts the mode of heat exchange to cool the temperature of nano-fluid when research nano-fluid application characteristic, but the energy that the acquisition of cold often needs extra consumption more, lose more than gain, reduce the application possibility of front heat absorbing type nano-fluid PV/T, this has also become one of present problem demanding prompt solution.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is exactly provide a kind of a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system that improve the coefficient of performance of heat pump while ensureing system photoelectric efficiency to overcome defect that above-mentioned prior art exists.
The purpose of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system (NE-PV-SAHP, NanofluidsEndothermic-Photovoltaic Solar Assisted Heat Pump), combine photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly and front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly
Described photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly comprises direct current compressor, water-cooled condenser, air-cooled condenser, choke valve, wind-cooled evaporator, PV evaporimeter,
Described front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly comprises PV evaporimeter, nano-fluid storage tank and nano-fluid circulating pump,
Described water-cooled condenser is in parallel with air-cooled condenser, and described wind-cooled evaporator is in parallel with PV evaporimeter;
Described nano-fluid storage tank is connected with PV evaporimeter by nano-fluid circulating pump,
Described photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly and front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly share a PV evaporimeter, the electric energy output end of PV evaporimeter connects direct current compressor and nano-fluid circulating pump respectively by power switch, thus making the output of the electric energy of PV evaporimeter be divided into two parts, electric energy power output should match with direct current compressor, nano-fluid circulating pump respectively.
Preferably, the entrance end of water-cooled condenser, air-cooled condenser, wind-cooled evaporator and PV evaporimeter is equipped with the magnetic valve controlling to open and close.
Be more preferably, PV evaporimeter is by the glass cover-plate set gradually from top to bottom, and nanometer fluid passage, photovoltaic cell and substrate, heat-insulation layer forms, and fills flowable nano-fluid, be provided with freon pipeline in described heat-insulation layer in described nanometer fluid passage.
Be more preferably, the flow direction of nano-fluid is contrary with the flow direction of the freon in freon pipeline.Nano-fluid is zinc oxide, silica or alundum (Al2O3) nano-fluid.
Preferably, wind-cooled evaporator and PV evaporimeter switch use according to different weather conditions, and described air-cooled condenser and water-cooled condenser switch use according to the different demands of user.
Photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system (PV-SAHP, photovoltaic solar-assisted heat pump) is effectively combined with front heat absorbing type nano-fluid PV/T system.Nano-fluid absorbs the structure that can simplify PV/T heat collector to the front of solar radiation; Nano-fluid can improve the solar energy composite utilization ratio of heat pump to the grading absorption of solar radiation simultaneously; The evaporation ends of heat pump can provide the cold needed for nano-fluid cooling, ensures that nano-fluid flows through PV battery with lower temperature front all the time, is conducive to the photoelectric conversion of photovoltaic cell.In addition, direct current compressor and nano-fluid circulating pump is driven can to realize good adaptivity between the output of system and the input of solar radiation with the generating of photovoltaic cell; Solar irradiation is stronger, and PV cell output is larger, and the rotating speed of direct current compressor and nanometer circulating pump is faster, the heat exchange of system is stronger, and more to the absorption of solar radiation, vice versa, the two complements each other, and only needs Proper Match namely to can be completely achieved automatic control, without the need to additionally increasing control system.Wind-cooled evaporator as a supplement, solar irradiation not strong or overcast and rainy in use, system can realize round-the-clock running substantially; Water-cooled condenser and air-cooled condenser can meet the different demand of user, have multifunctionality.
A kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system (NE-PV-SAHP) and the difference of common photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system (PV-SAHP) are that the two is different to the absorbing medium being converted into heat energy part in solar radiation.The heat energy that solar radiation is converted into is made up of two parts, and a part comes from shortwave part, and shortwave part major part is absorbed by photovoltaic cell, but still has sub-fraction to change into the heat energy of photovoltaic cell owing to cannot inspire electronics; A part is long wavelength part in addition, and this part has substantially all changed into the heat energy of photovoltaic cell.Common photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system, photovoltaic cell to the absorption of shortwave part, black TPT (or pitch-dark etc. other media) to the absorption of long wavelength part, the direct embodiment of the heat energy absorbed is exactly the rising of photovoltaic cell and substrate temperature thereof, and then this part heat energy is absorbed by thermo-compression evaporation end cryogenic fluid by heat transfer, and for a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system, also be photovoltaic cell to the absorption of shortwave, and be nano-fluid for the absorption of long wavelength part, therefore, the embodiment of the heat energy now absorbed also is made up of two parts: one be photovoltaic cell and substrate thereof temperature raise, two is risings of nano-fluid temperature, (also wanted first heat convection between nano-fluid and photovoltaic battery panel here by heat transfer by the absorption of thermo-compression evaporation end cryogenic fluid afterwards equally, even but due to all at least high than the pyroconductivity of the common metal order of magnitude of the coefficient of heat transfer of forced circulation light water, therefore can ignore here).At a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system, because shortwave is partially converted into the little of heat energy part, therefore the temperature rise of photovoltaic cell is less, is conducive to photoelectric conversion; For long wavelength part, because the thermal capacitance of nano-fluid is much larger than the photovoltaic battery panel of common PV/T heat collector, therefore the temperature rise of nano-fluid is also less.When the evaporation ends working medium coefficient of heat transfer is certain, the low temperature difference means better heat energy transmission, namely higher solar thermal utilization rate.
Compared with prior art, photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system (PV-SAHP) is effectively combined with front heat absorbing type nano-fluid PV/T system by the utility model, solve the hydronic problem of front heat absorbing type nano-fluid PV/T system nano-fluid, improve solar energy composite utilization rate and the coefficient of performance of heat pump simultaneously.Compared with front cooling type nano-fluid PV/T system common at present, system solves the problem the cooling problem of nano-fluid, improve the photoelectric efficiency of PV battery; The introducing of heat pump adds the multifunctionality of system, and compared with common photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system, this system can simplify the structure of PV/T heat collector, and without the need to additionally increasing control section; Simultaneously nano-fluid unique optical properties can by the shortwave in solar radiation from long wave respectively with different Absorption of Mediums, provide the solar thermal utilization rate of heat pump, while guarantee system photoelectric efficiency, improve the coefficient of performance of heat pump.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of PV evaporimeter.
In figure, 1 is direct current compressor, and 2 is air-cooled condenser, 3 is water-cooled condenser, and 4 is choke valve, and 5 is wind-cooled evaporator, 6 is PV evaporimeter, and 7 is nano-fluid storage tank, and 8 is nano-fluid circulating pump, 9 is glass cover-plate, and 10 is nanometer fluid passage, and 11 is photovoltaic cell and substrate, 12 is heat-insulation layer, 13 is freon pipeline, and V1 ~ V8 is magnetic valve, and S1 is power switch.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in detail.
Embodiment
Nano-fluid photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system (NE-PV-SAHP), its structure as shown in Figure 1, mainly comprise direct current compressor 1, air-cooled condenser 2, water-cooled condenser 3, choke valve 4, wind-cooled evaporator 5, PV evaporimeter 6, nano-fluid storage tank 7, assembly such as nano-fluid circulating pump 8 grade, by-pass valve control, power switch S1, also have corresponding attaching parts.
Wherein, direct current compressor 1, air-cooled condenser 2, water-cooled condenser 3, choke valve 4, wind-cooled evaporator 5PV evaporimeter 6 etc. constitute photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly, and PV evaporimeter 6, nano-fluid storage tank 7, nano-fluid circulating pump 8 and power switch S1 etc. constitute front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly.Photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly and front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly share PV evaporimeter 6.Water-cooled condenser 3 is in parallel with air-cooled condenser 2, and wind-cooled evaporator 5 is in parallel with PV evaporimeter 6.Nano-fluid storage tank 7 is connected with PV evaporimeter 6 by nano-fluid circulating pump 8, the electric energy output end of PV evaporimeter 6 connects direct current compressor and nano-fluid circulating pump respectively by power switch S1, thus making the output of the electric energy of PV evaporimeter 6 be divided into two parts, electric energy power output should match with direct current compressor 1, nano-fluid circulating pump 8 respectively.
Magnetic valve V2 is equipped with at the entrance and exit place of air-cooled condenser 2 respectively, magnetic valve V4; The entrance and exit of water-cooled condenser 3 is equipped with magnetic valve V1 respectively, magnetic valve V3.Magnetic valve V5 is equipped with at the entrance and exit place of wind-cooled evaporator 5 respectively, magnetic valve V7; The entrance and exit of PV evaporimeter is equipped with magnetic valve V6 respectively, magnetic valve V8, thus convenient to said modules realization control in real time.
The structure of PV evaporimeter as shown in Figure 2, by the glass cover-plate 9 set gradually from top to bottom, nanometer fluid passage 10, photovoltaic cell and substrate 11, heat-insulation layer 12 forms, fill flowable nano-fluid in nanometer fluid passage, such as, can adopt zinc oxide, silica or alundum (Al2O3) nano-fluid, in heat-insulation layer 12, be provided with freon pipeline 13.The flow direction of nano-fluid is contrary with the flow direction of the freon in freon pipeline.
Below work introduction of the present utility model:
(1) heating
What now condensation end adopted is air-cooled condenser 2, i.e. magnetic valve V2, magnetic valve V4 open, magnetic valve V1, and magnetic valve V3 closes;
When solar irradiation is good time, evaporation ends adopts PV evaporimeter 6, i.e. magnetic valve V6, magnetic valve V8 open, magnetic valve V5, and magnetic valve V7 closes, and power switch S1 is on-state; Closed circuit is direct current compressor 1 → air-cooled condenser 2 → choke valve 4 → PV evaporimeter 6 → direct current compressor 1;
When solar irradiation is bad time, evaporation ends adopts wind-cooled evaporator 5, i.e. magnetic valve V5, magnetic valve V7 opens, magnetic valve V6, magnetic valve V8 closes, and power switch S1 is for disconnecting state, and closed circuit is direct current compressor 1 → air-cooled condenser 2 → choke valve 4 → wind-cooled evaporator 5 → direct current compressor 1;
(2) domestic hot-water is produced
What now condensation end adopted is water-cooled condenser 3, i.e. magnetic valve V1, magnetic valve V3 open, magnetic valve V2, and magnetic valve V4 closes;
When solar irradiation is good time, evaporation ends adopts PV evaporimeter 6, i.e. magnetic valve V6, magnetic valve V8 open, magnetic valve V5, and magnetic valve V7 closes, and power switch S1 is on-state; Closed circuit is direct current compressor 1 → water-cooled condenser 3 → choke valve 4 → PV evaporimeter 6 → direct current compressor 1;
When solar irradiation is bad time, evaporation ends adopts wind-cooled evaporator 5, i.e. magnetic valve V5, magnetic valve V7 opens, magnetic valve V6, magnetic valve V8 closes, and power switch S1 disconnects state, and closed circuit is direct current compressor 1 → water-cooled condenser 3 → choke valve 4 → wind-cooled evaporator 5 → direct current compressor 1;
In PV evaporimeter 6, the absorbed process of solar radiation is as follows: first solar radiation is irradiated on glass cover-plate 9, solar radiation through glass cover-plate 9 produces refraction in nano-fluid, shortwave component permeate nano-fluid is radiated at photovoltaic cell surface and produces a large amount of electric energy and a small amount of heat energy, and long wavelength part is absorbed into the heat energy of nano-fluid by nano-fluid; The heat energy that photovoltaic cell absorbs and the heat energy that nano-fluid absorbs pass to freon pipeline 13 through heat transfer, freon pipeline 13 transfers heat to liquid fluorine Leon with the freon working medium heat convection in pipe, becomes Freon gas after undergoing phase transition after the heat absorption of freon liquid working substance.So far, the solar energy part be efficiently absorbed changes into electric energy, and a part changes into the latent heat of phase change of working medium.
In addition, the utility model mainly for embodying the heat absorption of nano-fluid front and the combination of photovoltaic-solar heat pump, in conjunction with after the two can be mutually beneficial complementary, the common performance realized improves, and the utility model mainly embodies the two theory combined.Adding of air-cooled condenser and wind-cooled evaporator is multifunctionality in order to extension system.Therefore allly little change in core is combined into (as changed the heat exchange mode of evaporimeter, condenser in nano-fluid front heat absorbing type PV/T system and photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system; bypass is added between two evaporimeters or condenser; change the type of compressor or miscellaneous part, change the kind etc. of nano-fluid) all in the utility model scope of patent protection.
Claims (9)
1. nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system, is characterized in that, this system combines photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly and front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly,
Described photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly comprises direct current compressor, water-cooled condenser, air-cooled condenser, choke valve, wind-cooled evaporator, PV evaporimeter,
Described front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly comprises PV evaporimeter, nano-fluid storage tank and nano-fluid circulating pump,
Described water-cooled condenser is in parallel with air-cooled condenser, and described wind-cooled evaporator is in parallel with PV evaporimeter;
Described nano-fluid storage tank is connected with PV evaporimeter by nano-fluid circulating pump; The electric energy output end of PV evaporimeter connects direct current compressor and nano-fluid circulating pump respectively by power switch.
2. a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly and front heat absorbing type nano-fluid assembly share a PV evaporimeter.
3. a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the entrance end of described water-cooled condenser, air-cooled condenser, wind-cooled evaporator is equipped with the magnetic valve controlling to open and close.
4. a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the entrance end of described PV evaporimeter is equipped with the magnetic valve controlling to open and close.
5. a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the electric energy power output of described PV evaporimeter should match with direct current compressor, nano-fluid circulating pump respectively.
6. a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described PV evaporimeter is by the glass cover-plate set gradually from top to bottom, nanometer fluid passage, photovoltaic cell and substrate, heat-insulation layer forms, and fills flowable nano-fluid, be provided with freon pipeline in described heat-insulation layer in described nanometer fluid passage.
7. a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the flow direction of described nano-fluid is contrary with the flow direction of the freon in freon pipeline.
8. a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described nano-fluid is zinc oxide, silica or alundum (Al2O3) nano-fluid.
9. a kind of nano-fluid heat absorbing type photovoltaic-solar energy heat pump system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described wind-cooled evaporator and PV evaporimeter switch use according to different weather conditions, and described air-cooled condenser and water-cooled condenser switch use according to the different demands of user.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105526737A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-27 | 上海电力学院 | Nanofluid heat absorption type photovoltaic-solar heat pump system |
| CN111578416A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-25 | 河北工业大学 | Spray evaporation type solar photovoltaic photo-thermal condenser and operation method |
-
2014
- 2014-10-23 CN CN201420617907.8U patent/CN204285894U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105526737A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-27 | 上海电力学院 | Nanofluid heat absorption type photovoltaic-solar heat pump system |
| CN105526737B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2018-04-06 | 上海电力学院 | Nano-fluid heat absorbing type light-volt solar heat pump system |
| CN111578416A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-25 | 河北工业大学 | Spray evaporation type solar photovoltaic photo-thermal condenser and operation method |
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Effective date of registration: 20160106 Address after: 200090 Pingliang Road, Shanghai, No. 2103, No. Patentee after: Shanghai University of Electric Power Patentee after: Shanghai Putian Zhongke Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 200090 Pingliang Road, Shanghai, No. 2103, No. Patentee before: Shanghai University of Electric Power |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
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Granted publication date: 20150422 Termination date: 20161023 |