CN203890292U - 油田废弃物的工业处理装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型提供了油田废弃物的工业处理装置包括:进料斗,干燥机,微波加热腔,微波发生器,加热装置、冷凝分离净化装置;进料斗与干燥机连接;干燥机与微波加热腔连接;加热装置的蒸汽或导热油出口与干燥机的蒸汽或导热油进口连接;干燥机及微波加热腔的气体出口均与冷凝分离净化装置连接;微波发生器与微波加热腔连接。所述油田废弃物的工业处理装置,处理效果好,能源利用率高,经济性好。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及油田废弃物处理领域,特别涉及油田废弃物的工业处理装置。
背景技术
油田废弃物通常指钻井过程中产生的岩屑、水基泥浆和油基泥浆、采油和油井作业过程中产生的含油污泥和泥沙、原油污染的土壤、原油在储罐内存放过程中的罐底沉积物等。油田废弃物除了含有一定的石油类物质外,还含有大量的苯系物、酚类、蒽、芘等有毒物质,盐类以及铜、锌、铬、汞等重金属。这些油田废弃物不易处理,自然条件下完全分解需要上百年时间,不仅直接占用土地与空间,而且严重污染空气、土壤和地下水,在一定程度上制约了石油工业的生产和发展。
随着国家环保法规标准的要求不断提高,环保执法力度不断加大,油田废弃物的污染控制与资源化利用成为本行业保持持续发展所必须面对的焦点。对于油田废弃物的无害化、资源化处理,现在主要包括调质、分离与萃取处理技术,固化处理技术,焚烧处理技术,生物处理技术,回注与调配技术,热解处理技术等。
通常热解处理技术使用电加热或燃气、燃油、燃煤加热方法,其热量传递主要通过热传导、对流、辐射三种途径。这些传统的加热热解方法加热效率低,要使处理后的产物达到国家标准,往往耗费的能源较多,经济性较低。
实用新型内容
本实用新型解决的技术问题在于提供一种油田废弃物的工业处理装置,处理效果好,能源利用率高,经济性好。
本实用新型公开了油田废弃物的工业处理装置,包括:
进料斗,干燥机,微波加热腔,微波发生器,加热装置和冷凝分离净化装置;
所述进料斗与干燥机的进料端连接;
所述干燥机的出料端与所述微波加热腔的进料端连接;
所述加热装置为蒸汽锅炉或导热油锅炉,所述加热装置的蒸汽出口或导热油出口与干燥机的蒸汽进口或导热油进口连接;
所述干燥机的气体出口及微波加热腔的气体出口均与冷凝分离净化装置连接;
所述微波发生器与微波加热腔连接。
优选的,还包括气锁或输料装置;所述输料装置为依次连接的进料螺旋和旋转下料装置,所述进料斗与干燥机的进料端间通过气锁连接或输料装置连接。
优选的,还包括出料螺旋,所述出料螺旋与微波加热腔出料端连接。
优选的,所述出料螺旋壳体外设置有第一循环水夹套,所述进料螺旋壳体外设置有第二循环水夹套,所述第一循环水夹套通过冷、热水管路与第二循环水夹套相连。
优选的,所述冷凝分离净化装置包括除尘器、冷凝器、风机、废气净化装置、重力沉降器、油水分离器。
连接次序为除尘器与冷凝器连接,冷凝器的气体出口通过风机与废气净化装置连接;冷凝器的液体出口与重力沉降器连接;重力沉降器的出水口与油水分离器连接。
优选的,所述冷凝分离净化装置包括除尘器、冷凝器、抽风装置、废气净化器、重力分离器、油水分离器;
连接次序为除尘器出口通过抽风装置与冷凝器连接,冷凝器的气体出口与废气净化器连接;冷凝器的液体出口依次与重力沉降器与油水分离器连接。
优选的,所述加热装置的尾气出口与干燥机或微波加热腔的惰气进口连接。
优选的,所述水分离器为1个或多个。
与现有技术相比,本实用新型提供了一种油田废弃物的工业处理装置,包括:进料斗,干燥机,微波加热腔,微波发生器,加热装置和冷凝分离净化装置;所述进料斗与干燥机的进料端连接;所述干燥机的出料端与所述微波加热腔的进料端连接;所述加热装置为蒸汽锅炉或导热油锅炉,所述加热装置的蒸汽出口或导热油出口与干燥机的蒸汽进口或导热油进口连接;所述干燥机的气体出口及微波加热腔的气体出口均与冷凝分离净化装置连接;所述微波发生器与微波加热腔连接。本实用新型在干燥机中完成预热处理,然后将预处理固体产物输送至微波加热腔中完成微波热解处理,预处理阶段和微波热解处理阶段产生的气体利用冷凝分离净化装置完成汽液分离和净化回收。本申请根据油田废弃物的具体组成,在干燥机和微波加热腔中对其进行预处理和微波热解;而且微波热解加热快,穿透性高,处理效率和加热均匀性均优于传统的热解技术,因此处理效果好,经济可行性高。再次,干燥机和微波加热腔产生的气体经分离回收后,得到的产物可用于加热装置中,作为蒸汽加热或导热油加热的燃料,实现燃料自给,具有较高的能源利用率和经济性。最后,在干燥机中进行的预处理可以大量去除油田废弃物中的水分,减少微波热解阶段产生的水汽量,减小“打火”几率。
附图说明
图1为实施例1提供的油田废弃物的工业处理装置的结构示意图;
图2为实施例2提供的油田废弃物的工业处理装置的结构示意图;
图3为实施例3提供的油田废弃物的工业处理装置的结构示意图;
图4为实施例4提供的油田废弃物的工业处理装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本实用新型,下面结合实施例对本实用新型优选实施方案进行描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为进一步说明本实用新型的特征和优点,而不是对本实用新型权利要求的限制。
本实用新型公开了油田废弃物的工业处理装置,包括:
进料斗,干燥机,微波加热腔,微波发生器,加热装置和冷凝分离净化装置;
所述进料斗与干燥机的进料端连接;
所述干燥机的出料端与所述微波加热腔的进料端连接;
所述加热装置为蒸汽锅炉或导热油锅炉,所述加热装置的蒸汽出口或导热油出口与干燥机的蒸汽进口或导热油进口连接;
所述干燥机的气体出口与微波加热腔的气体出口均与冷凝分离净化装置连接;
所述微波发生器与微波加热腔连接。
在本实用新型中,所述干燥机是油田废弃物经过预热得到预处理固体产物和气体的装置。本实用新型对于所述干燥机的种类没有特殊限制,优选为桨叶式干燥机。
所述进料斗为油田废弃物的进口,所述进料斗与干燥机的进料端连接。所述进料斗与干燥机的进料端优选通过气锁连接或输料装置连接,所述输料装置为依次连接的进料螺旋和旋转下料装置。
所述加热装置为蒸汽锅炉或导热油锅炉,为干燥机提供高温热媒介。所述加热装置的蒸汽出口或导热油出口与干燥机的蒸汽进口或导热油进口连接。所述加热装置产生高温蒸汽或导热油,通过蒸汽出口或导热油出口输入到所述干燥机中的蒸汽进口或导热油进口,对油田废弃物进行预热。所述加热装置同时产生尾气,即二氧化碳等气体。优选的,所述加热装置的尾气出口与干燥机的惰气进口连接,将产生的尾气输入到干燥机中,以控制干燥机内的含氧量。优选的,所述加热装置的尾气出口与微波加热腔的惰气进口连接,将产生的尾气输入到微波加热腔中,以控制微波加热腔内的含氧量。
所述微波加热腔为将预处理固体产物进行微波热解处理的装置。所述微波加热腔内优选通过传送装置对预处理固体产物进行输送,所述传送装置优选为传送带、桨叶输送机、螺旋输送机或刮板输送机。所述微波发生器为产生微波的装置,其将电能转化为电磁场的能量。所述微波发生器可为一个或多个。所述微波发生器通过导波器件与微波加热腔连接,将电磁波传输到微波加热腔内,对预处理固体产物进行微波热解处理,使其中的剩余水和烃类转化为气体,剩下固体处理物。所述干燥机的出料端优选通过气锁或旋转下料装置与所述微波加热腔进料端连接。所述微波加热腔的出料端优选通过气锁或旋转下料装置与出料螺旋连接。
为了提高能源利用率,优选的在所述出料螺旋壳体外设置有第一循环水夹套,所述进料螺旋壳体外设置有第二循环水夹套,所述第一循环水夹套通过冷水管路和热水管路与第二循环水夹套相连。所述第一循环水夹套中的水吸收微波加热腔排出的固体处理物的热量,温度升高,并通过热水管路输送至第二循环水夹套,用于油田废弃物的辅助预热。第二循环水夹套中释放出热量的水再通过冷水管路输送回第一循环水夹套,完成热量的循环利用。
所述冷凝分离净化装置的作用是将气体进行冷凝、汽液分离和净化。所述干燥机的气体出口及微波加热腔的气体出口均与冷凝分离净化装置连接。所述冷凝分离净化装置优选的包括除尘器、冷凝器、风机、废气净化装置、重力沉降器、油水分离器;
连接次序为除尘器与冷凝器连接,冷凝器的气体出口通过风机与废气净化装置连接;冷凝器的液体出口与重力沉降器连接,重力沉降器的出水口与油水分离器连接。
或者,所述风机的位置可以按照本领域技术人员的常识进行适当调节。所述冷凝分离净化装置还优选的包括除尘器、风机、冷凝器、废气净化装置、重力沉降器、油水分离器;
连接次序为除尘器出口通过风机与冷凝器连接,冷凝器的气体出口与废气净化装置连接;冷凝器的液体出口与重力沉降器连接,重力沉降器的出水口与油水分离器连接。
本实用新型对于所述除尘器的种类没有特殊限制,优选为袋式除尘器或旋流除尘器。所述冷凝器优选为1个或多个。所述油水分离器优选为1个或多个。所述废气净化装置优选为水洗装置、活性炭过滤器或UV高效气体净化器。
本申请根据油田废弃物的具体组成,在干燥机和微波加热腔中对其进行预处理和微波热解;而且微波热解加热快,穿透性高,处理效率和加热均匀性均优于传统的热解技术,因此处理效果好,经济可行性高。再次,干燥机和微波加热腔产生的气体经分离回收后,得到的产物可用于加热装置中,作为蒸汽加热或导热油加热的燃料,实现燃料自给,具有较高的能源利用率和经济性。最后,在干燥机中进行的预处理可以大量去除油田废弃物中的水分,减少微波热解阶段产生的水汽量,减小“打火”几率。
为了进一步理解本实用新型,下面结合实施例对本实用新型提供的油田废弃物的装置进行说明,本实用新型的保护范围不受以下实施例的限制。
实施例1
实施例1所提供的油田废弃物的工业处理装置及工艺流程,如图1所示。
图1中,进料斗(1)通过气锁(2)与干燥机(3)连接,蒸汽锅炉(6)的蒸汽出口与干燥机(3)的蒸汽进口连接。
干燥机(3)的出料端通过气锁(2-1)与微波加热腔(4)的进料端连接,微波发生器(7)通过导波器件与微波加热腔(4)连接。微波加热腔(4)内设置有桨叶输送机(5)。
干燥机(3)和微波加热腔(4)的气体出口均与除尘器(12)连接、除尘器(12)依次与冷凝器(13)及冷凝器(13-1)连接,冷凝器(13-1)的气体出口通过风机(14)与UV高效气体净化器(15)连接。冷凝器(13)和冷凝器(13-1)的液体出口与重力沉降器(16)连接,重力沉降器(16)的出水口与油水分离器(17)连接。
微波加热腔(4)的出料端通过气锁(2-2)与出料螺旋(8)连接,出料螺旋(8)内设置有喷淋装置(9)。出料螺旋(8)的末端下方设置有卸料仓(10)。
蒸汽锅炉(6)的尾气出口分别与干燥机(3)和微波加热腔(4)的惰气进口连接。
含氧量检测装置(12)分别与干燥机(3)和微波加热腔(4)连接。
油田废弃物经进料斗(1)经气锁(2)进入干燥机(3),利用蒸汽锅炉(6)产生的高温蒸汽对油田废弃物进行预热,得到水蒸汽、油气和预处理固体产物。预处理固体产物经过气锁(2-1)进入微波加热腔(4)中进行微波热解处理,得到水蒸汽、油气和微波热解固体产物。干燥机和微波加热腔内产生的水蒸汽和油气被风机(14)抽出,经过除尘器(12)除尘,在冷凝器(13)、冷凝器(13-1)处被冷凝,得到的不凝气体通过风机(14)与UV高效气体净化器(15),排放到大气中;冷凝得到的液体通过重力沉降器(16)与油水分离器(17)进行油水分离。
完成微波热解处理的固体产物通过气锁(2-2)到达下游的出料螺旋(8),逐渐进行排料。同时使用喷淋装置(9)对固体产物进行喷淋再湿处理,最终的处理物落入卸料仓(10)中,进行储运。
实施例2
实施例2所提供的油田废弃物的工业处理装置及工艺流程,如图2所示。
图2中,进料斗(1)通过进料螺旋(2)和旋转下料装置(3)与干燥机(4)连接,蒸汽锅炉(7)的蒸汽出口与干燥机(4)的蒸汽进口连接。干燥机(4)的出料端通过旋转下料装置(3-1)与微波加热腔(5)的进料端连接,微波发生器(8)通过导波器件与微波加热腔(5)连接。微波加热腔(5)内设置有输料传送带(6)。
干燥机(4)和微波加热腔(5)的气体出口均分别依次与除尘器(13)、风机(14)和冷凝器(15)及冷凝器(15-1)连接,冷凝器(15-1)的气体出口与UV高效气体净化器(16)连接。冷凝器(15)和冷凝器(15-1)的液体出口与重力沉降器(17)连接,重力沉降器(17)的出水口与油水分离器(18)连接。微波加热腔(5)的出料端通过旋转下料装置(3-2)与出料螺旋(9)连接。出料螺旋(9)内设置有喷淋装置(10),出料螺旋(9)的末端下方设置有卸料仓(11)。
蒸汽锅炉(7)的尾气出口分别与干燥机(4)和微波加热腔(5)的惰气进口连接。
含氧量检测装置(12)分别与干燥机(4)和微波加热腔(5)连接。
油田废弃物经进料斗(1)、进料螺旋(2)和旋转下料装置(3)进入干燥机(4)中,利用蒸汽锅炉(7)产生的高温蒸汽进行预热,得到水蒸汽、油气和预处理固体产物。预处理固体产物经过旋转下料装置(3-1)进入微波加热腔(5)中进行微波热解处理,得到水蒸汽、油气和微波热解固体产物。干燥机和微波加热腔内产生的水蒸汽和油气被风机(14)抽出,经过除尘器(13)除尘,到达冷凝器(15)及冷凝器(15-1)处被冷凝,得到的不凝气体通过UV高效气体净化器(16),排放到大气中;冷凝得到的液体通过重力沉降器(17)和油水分离器(18)进行油水分离。
完成微波热解处理的固体产物通过旋转下料装置(3-2)到达下游的出料螺旋(9),逐渐进行排料。同时使用喷淋装置(10)对固体产物进行喷淋再湿处理,最终的处理物落入卸料仓(11)中,进行储运。
实施例3
实施例3所提供的油田废弃物的工业处理装置及工艺流程,如图3所示。
图3中,进料斗(1)通过气锁(2)与干燥机(3)连接,导热油锅炉(6)的导热油出口与干燥机(3)的导热油进口连接。
干燥机(3)的出料端通过气锁(2-1)与微波加热腔(4)的进料端连接,微波发生器(7)通过导波器件与微波加热腔(4)连接。微波加热腔(4)内设置有刮板输送机(5)。
干燥机(3)和微波加热腔(4)的气体出口均分别依次与除尘器(12)、冷凝器(13)及冷凝器(13-1)连接,冷凝器(13-1)的气体出口通过风机(14)与活性炭过滤器(15)连接。冷凝器(13)和冷凝器(13-1)的液体出口与重力沉降器(16)连接,重力沉降器(16)的出水口与油水分离器(17)连接。
微波加热腔(4)的出料端通过气锁(2-2)与出料螺旋(8)连接,出料螺旋(8)内设置有喷淋装置(9),出料螺旋(8)的末端下方设置有卸料仓(10)。
导热油锅炉(6)的尾气出口分别与干燥机(3)和微波加热腔(4)的惰气进口连接。
含氧量检测装置(12)分别与干燥机(3)和微波加热腔(4)连接。
油田废弃物由进料斗(1)经气锁(2)进入干燥机(3),利用导热油锅炉(6)产生的高温导热油对油田废弃物进行加热,得到水蒸汽、油气和预处理固体产物。预处理固体产物经过气锁(2-1)进入微波加热腔(4)中进行微波热解处理。干燥机和微波加热腔内产生的水蒸汽和油气被风机(14)抽出,经过除尘器(12)除尘,在冷凝器(13)及冷凝器(13-1)处被冷凝,得到的不凝气体通过活性炭过滤器(15),排放到大气中;冷凝得到的液体通过重力沉降器(16)与油水分离器(17)进行油水分离。分离得到的油可以重新作为导热油锅炉(6)的燃料。
完成微波热解处理的固体产物通过气锁(2-2)到达下游的出料螺旋(8),逐渐进行排料。同时使用喷淋装置(9)对固体产物进行喷淋再湿处理,最终的处理物落入卸料仓(10)中,进行储运。
实施例4
实施例4所提供的油田废弃物的工业处理装置及工艺流程,如图4所示。
图4中,进料斗(1)通过进料螺旋(2)和旋转下料装置(3)与干燥机(4)连接,蒸汽锅炉(7)的蒸汽出口与干燥机(4)的蒸汽进口连接。干燥机(4)的出料端通过旋转下料装置(3-1)与微波加热腔(5)的进料端连接,微波发生器(8)通过导波器件与微波加热腔(5)连接。微波加热腔(5)内设置有桨叶输送机(6)。
干燥机(4)和微波加热腔(5)的气体出口均分别与除尘器(13)连接,除尘器(13)出口通过风机(14)与冷凝器(15)及冷凝器(15-1)连接,冷凝器(15-1)的气体出口与活性炭过滤器(16)连接。冷凝器(15)和冷凝器(15-1)的液体出口与重力沉降器(17)连接,重力沉降器(17)的出水口与油水分离器(18)连接。
微波加热腔(5)的出料端通过旋转下料装置(3-2)与出料螺旋(9)连接,出料螺旋(9)内设置有喷淋装置(10),出料螺旋(9)的末端下方设置有卸料仓(11)。
蒸汽锅炉(7)的尾气出口分别与干燥机(4)和微波加热腔(5)的惰气进口连接。
含氧量检测装置(12)分别与干燥机(4)和微波加热腔(5)连接。
出料螺旋(9)的壳体外设置有第一循环水夹套(20a),进料螺旋(2)的壳体外设置有第二循环水夹套(20b),其间通过热水管路(19a)和冷水管路(19b)连接。
油田废弃物经进料斗(1)和气锁(2)进入干燥机(3),利用蒸汽锅炉(6)产生的高温蒸汽对油田废弃物进行加热,得到水蒸汽、油气和预处理固体产物。预处理固体产物经过气锁(2-1)进入微波加热腔(4)中进行微波热解处理。干燥机和微波加热腔内产生的水蒸汽和油气被风机(14)抽出,经过除尘器(12)除尘,在冷凝器(15)及冷凝器(15-1)处被冷凝,得到的不凝气体经过活性炭过滤器(16),排放到大气中;冷凝得到的液体通过重力沉降器(17)和油水分离器(18)进行油水分离。
完成微波热解处理的固体产物通过气锁(2-2)到达下游的出料螺旋(9),逐渐进行排料。同时使用喷淋装置(10)对固体产物进行喷淋再湿处理,最终的处理物落入卸料仓(11)中,进行储运。
出料螺旋(9)的壳体外设置有第一循环水夹套(20a),进料螺旋(2)的壳体外设置有第二循环水夹套(20b)。第一循环水夹套(20a)中的循环水吸收微波加热腔排出的固体产物中的热量,温度升高,经由热水管路(19a)输送至第二循环水夹套(20b)中预热初始物料。释放出热量、温度降低的循环水由冷水管路(19b)回到第一循环水夹套(20a)中,完成热量的循环利用。
实施例5
采用实施例1所述的处理装置进行石油废弃物的工业处理。
将1000kg钻井岩屑(含水率为19%,含油率为7%)由进料斗经气锁进入桨叶式干燥机,利用蒸汽锅炉产生的高温蒸汽(蒸汽温度为160℃,压力为0.6MPa,流量为120kg/hr)预热物料,初步除去其中的挥发性组分,蒸发出的气体由高压风机抽出,腔内压力为-170~-200Pa,含氧量在7%左右,此过程持续1小时,物料出口温度为90℃。经预热干燥的岩屑通过气锁进入微波加热腔,到达桨叶输送机的进料端,这个过程中温度降至60℃,调节中心轴的转速为1转/分钟。两个微波发生器共输出130kw的微波,通过导波器件传输到微波加热腔内,对物料进行加热,使其含有的水和烃类蒸发、脱离物料,并及时被高压风机抽出腔体外,腔体内压力为-170~-200Pa,含氧量在4%~7%左右,此过程持续60分钟,物料出口温度为267℃。完成热解吸附的固相残渣被输送到加热腔的出料端时,通过气锁到达下游的出料螺旋,逐渐进行排料,最终物料落进卸料仓中,进行储运。
该过程中使用锅炉尾气(主要成分为二氧化碳)充入干燥机和微波加热腔,以控制其含氧量。
干燥和热解吸附过程中产生的气体由高压风机抽出,经除尘器除去其中的灰尘,再由一个冷凝器对其进行冷凝,得到的液相油水混合物流进重力沉降器和油水分离器,分离回收油和水,不凝气体经过UV高效气体净化器处理,排放到大气中。
将上述过程得到的固相残渣选取3个样品点分别进行取样检测,结果如下(质量百分数):
检测项目 | 样品1 | 样品2 | 样品3 |
含固率/% | 99.92 | 99.88 | 99.93 |
含水率/% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
含油率/% | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.07 |
实施例6
采用实施例1所述的处理装置进行石油废弃物的工业处理。将1000kg钻井岩屑(含水率为19%,含油率为7%)由进料斗经气锁进入桨叶式干燥机,利用蒸汽锅炉产生的高温蒸汽(蒸汽温度为160℃,压力为0.6MPa,流量为120kg/hr)预热物料,初步除去其中的挥发性组分,蒸发出的气体由高压风机抽出,腔内压力为-170~-200Pa,含氧量在7%左右,此过程持续1小时,物料出口温度为92℃。
经预热干燥的岩屑通过气锁进入微波加热腔,到达桨叶输送机的进料端,这个过程中温度降至63℃,调节中心轴的转速为1转/分钟。两个微波发生器共输出110kw的微波,通过导波器件传输到微波加热腔内,对物料进行加热,使其含有的水和烃类蒸发、脱离物料,并及时被高压风机抽出腔体外,腔体内压力为-170~-200Pa,含氧量在7%左右,此过程持续60分钟,物料出口温度为222℃。完成热解吸附的固相残渣被输送到加热腔的出料端时,通过气锁到达下游的出料螺旋,逐渐进行排料,最终物料落进卸料仓中,进行储运。
该过程中使用锅炉尾气(主要成分为二氧化碳)充入干燥机和微波加热腔,以控制其含氧量。
干燥和热解吸附过程中产生的气体由高压风机抽出,经除尘器除去其中的灰尘,再由一个冷凝器对其进行冷凝,得到的液相油水混合物流进重力沉降器和油水分离器,分离回收油和水,不凝气体经过UV高效气体净化器处理,排放到大气中。
将上述过程得到的固相残渣选取3个样品点分别进行取样检测,结果如下(质量百分数):
检测项目 | 样品1 | 样品2 | 样品3 |
含固率/% | 99.52 | 99.68 | 99.65 |
含水率/% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
含油率/% | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
实施例7
采用实施例1所述的处理装置进行石油废弃物的工业处理。
将1000kg钻井岩屑(含水率为17%,含油率为7%)由进料斗经气锁进入桨叶式干燥机,利用蒸汽锅炉产生的高温蒸汽(蒸汽温度为160℃,压力为0.6MPa,流量为120kg/hr)预热物料,初步除去其中的挥发性组分,蒸发出的气体由高压风机抽出,腔内压力为-170~-200Pa,含氧量在7%左右,此过程持续1小时,物料出口温度为90℃。
经预热干燥的岩屑通过气锁进入微波加热腔,到达桨叶输送机的进料端,这个过程中温度降至62℃,调节中心轴的转速为1转/分钟。两个微波发生器共输出120kw的微波,通过导波器件传输到微波加热腔内,对物料进行加热,使其含有的水和烃类蒸发、脱离物料,并及时被高压风机抽出腔体外,腔体内压力为-170~-200Pa,含氧量在7%左右,此过程持续60分钟,物料出口温度为245℃。完成热解吸附的固相残渣被输送到加热腔的出料端时,通过气锁到达下游的出料螺旋,逐渐进行排料,最终物料落进卸料仓中,进行储运。
该过程中使用锅炉尾气(主要成分为二氧化碳)充入干燥机和微波加热腔,以控制其含氧量。
干燥和热解吸附过程中产生的气体由高压风机抽出,经除尘器除去其中的灰尘,再由一个冷凝器对其进行冷凝,得到的液相油水混合物流进重力沉降器和油水分离器,分离回收油和水,不凝气体经过UV高效气体净化器处理,排放到大气中。
将上述过程得到的固相残渣选取3个样品点分别进行取样检测,结果如下(质量百分数):
检测项目 | 样品1 | 样品2 | 样品3 |
含固率/% | 99.85 | 99.82 | 99.77 |
含水率/% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
含油率/% | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.23 |
以上实施例的说明仅用于帮助理解本实用新型的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下,还可以对本实用新型进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本实用新型权利要求的保护范围内。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本实用新型。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本实用新型的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本实用新型将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (8)
1.油田废弃物的工业处理装置,包括:
进料斗,干燥机,微波加热腔,微波发生器,加热装置和冷凝分离净化装置;
所述进料斗与干燥机的进料端连接;
所述干燥机的出料端与所述微波加热腔的进料端连接;
所述加热装置为蒸汽锅炉或导热油锅炉,所述加热装置的蒸汽出口或导热油出口与干燥机的蒸汽进口或导热油进口连接;
所述干燥机的气体出口及微波加热腔的气体出口均与冷凝分离净化装置连接;
所述微波发生器与微波加热腔连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,还包括气锁或输料装置;所述输料装置为依次连接的进料螺旋和旋转下料装置,所述进料斗与干燥机的进料端间通过气锁连接或输料装置连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于,还包括出料螺旋,所述出料螺旋与微波加热腔出料端连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述出料螺旋壳体外设置有第一循环水夹套,所述进料螺旋壳体外设置有第二循环水夹套,所述第一循环水夹套与第二循环水夹套间通过冷水管路和热水管路相连。
5.根据权利要求1~4任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述冷凝分离净化装置包括除尘器、冷凝器、风机、废气净化装置、重力沉降器、油水分离器;
连接次序为除尘器与冷凝器连接,冷凝器的气体出口通过风机与废气净化装置连接;冷凝器的液体出口与重力沉降器连接;重力沉降器的出水口与油水分离器连接。
6.根据权利要求1~4任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述冷凝分离净化装置包括除尘器、冷凝器、抽风装置、废气净化器、重力分离器、油水分离器;
连接次序为除尘器出口通过抽风装置与冷凝器连接,冷凝器的气 体出口与废气净化器连接;冷凝器的液体出口依次与重力沉降器与油水分离器连接。
7.根据权利要求1~4任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加热装置的尾气出口与干燥机或微波加热腔的惰气进口连接。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述油水分离器为1个或多个。
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2014
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