CN203689694U - Intelligent traffic light with continuous power supply device - Google Patents
Intelligent traffic light with continuous power supply device Download PDFInfo
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- CN203689694U CN203689694U CN201320828290.XU CN201320828290U CN203689694U CN 203689694 U CN203689694 U CN 203689694U CN 201320828290 U CN201320828290 U CN 201320828290U CN 203689694 U CN203689694 U CN 203689694U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于太阳能应用领域,特别是涉及一种带有持续供电装置的智能交通信号灯。The utility model belongs to the application field of solar energy, in particular to an intelligent traffic signal lamp with a continuous power supply device.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能发电是利用半导体界面的光生伏特效应将光能直接转变为电能的一种技术。光生伏特效应简称“光伏效应”,指光照使不均匀半导体或半导体与金属结合的不同部位之间产生电位差的现象。它首先是由光子(光波)转化为电子、光能量转化为电能量的过程;其次,是形成电压过程。有了电压,就像筑高了大坝,如果两者之间连通,就会形成电流的回路。光伏发电的优点是较少受地域限制,因为阳光普照大地,光伏系统还具有无噪声、低污染、无需消耗燃料和架设输电线路即可就地发电供电及建设同期短的优点。Solar power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic effect, referred to as "photovoltaic effect", refers to the phenomenon that light causes a potential difference between different parts of an inhomogeneous semiconductor or a combination of semiconductor and metal. It is firstly the process of converting photons (light waves) into electrons and light energy into electrical energy; secondly, it is the process of forming voltage. With voltage, it is like building a high dam. If the two are connected, a current loop will be formed. The advantage of photovoltaic power generation is that it is less restricted by region, because the sun shines on the earth, and the photovoltaic system also has the advantages of no noise, low pollution, no need to consume fuel and erect transmission lines, and it can generate electricity and supply power on site, and the construction period is short.
利用太阳能发电系统向蓄电池进行蓄能充电是常用技术,传统的太阳能经过光能到电能的转换后,经过太阳能控制器向蓄电池进行充电,或者电能经过太阳能控制器和逆变器后向交流负载供电,或者太阳能电池板直接向直流负载供电,目前市面上在使用的太阳能向蓄电池充电在蓄电池电量充足后只要用户没有切断充电器输入电源,充电器将会一直向电池充电,这样会缩短充电器的寿命,增加了充电器的故障率,容易引发其他不安全事故,停止太阳能对蓄电池充电时,应该先断开充电控制器与太阳能电池板之间的连接,后断开充电控制器与蓄电池之间的连接,否则容易引发充电器故障。现有技术中还存在浪费电能的缺点。It is a common technology to use the solar power generation system to charge the battery with energy storage. After the traditional solar energy is converted from light energy to electric energy, the battery is charged through the solar controller, or the electric energy is supplied to the AC load after passing through the solar controller and inverter. , or the solar panel directly supplies power to the DC load. At present, the solar energy used on the market charges the battery. After the battery is fully charged, as long as the user does not cut off the input power of the charger, the charger will continue to charge the battery, which will shorten the life of the charger. The service life of the charger increases the failure rate of the charger, which is likely to cause other unsafe accidents. When stopping solar energy to charge the battery, the connection between the charging controller and the solar panel should be disconnected first, and then the connection between the charging controller and the battery should be disconnected. Otherwise, it is easy to cause charger failure. Also there is the shortcoming of wasting electric energy in the prior art.
同时,太阳能电池板的电压一旦低于蓄电池电压,充电过程将停止,直到太阳能电池板的电源恢复,在日常生活中,由于光照不停变化,因此对蓄电池的充电也是极不稳定,如果对蓄电池的充电过于频繁,容易减少蓄电池寿命,并且极大的降低了充电效率。由于以上缺点,导致了太阳能充电的蓄电池不能被广泛的应用在各个领域内,限制了科学技术的进步。At the same time, once the voltage of the solar panel is lower than the voltage of the battery, the charging process will stop until the power of the solar panel is restored. In daily life, due to the constant change of light, the charging of the battery is also extremely unstable. If the charging is too frequent, it is easy to reduce the life of the battery and greatly reduce the charging efficiency. Due to the above shortcomings, solar-charged storage batteries cannot be widely used in various fields, which limits the progress of science and technology.
在提高太阳能利用率方面,太阳位置跟踪已被证实成为主要手段。所谓太阳位置跟踪,是指调整太阳能接收板的位置角度,使其受光面保持始终与太阳光线趋于垂直的关系,类似于向日葵的原理,目的是让有效的受光面收集更多的太阳能。对于同一块太阳能接收平板,当其与太阳辐射方向垂直时接收的太阳能大致为将其朝南固定时接收到的太阳辐射能量的3倍。Sun position tracking has proven to be the primary means of increasing solar energy efficiency. The so-called sun position tracking refers to adjusting the position angle of the solar receiving panel so that its light-receiving surface is always perpendicular to the sun's rays. Similar to the principle of sunflowers, the purpose is to allow the effective light-receiving surface to collect more solar energy. For the same solar receiving panel, when it is perpendicular to the direction of solar radiation, the received solar energy is roughly three times that of the solar radiation energy received when it is fixed facing south.
在目前利用太阳能进行光伏发电、太阳能热水等系统中,太阳能电池板的安装方向一般是根据当地的日照情况进行固定安装,因此绝大部分时间太阳光线与太阳能电池板的向光面并不完全垂直,太阳能的利用和转换率较低。为提高太阳能电池板的吸收转换效率,一些方法和技术被用于调节太阳能电池板,使太阳光线尽可能垂直射向太阳能电池板。传统的方法多为记录当地太阳运行轨迹,然后根据记录的信息按太阳的轨迹自动进行太阳能电池板的调整。例如中国专利号200910100808.6公布的主动式太阳能跟踪方法及装置和200910086319.X公布的基于地球太阳运行轨迹的齿形带传动群同步跟踪太阳光自动跟踪装置,都是利用时间信号和太阳的运行轨迹进行跟踪,这类方法存在的问题有:一是各地的太阳照射角度不同,因此不同地区必须记录不同的太阳运行轨迹信息并按不同的信息进行运行,工作量大;二是记录的信息多,运算比较复杂;三是阴雨天时太阳光线并没有明显的指向性,但电机系统仍然耗电进行工作。In the current solar energy for photovoltaic power generation, solar water heating and other systems, the installation direction of solar panels is generally fixed according to the local sunshine conditions, so most of the time the sun's rays and the light-facing surface of the solar panels are not completely Vertically, the utilization and conversion rate of solar energy is low. In order to improve the absorption and conversion efficiency of solar panels, some methods and technologies are used to adjust the solar panels so that the sun's rays strike the solar panels as vertically as possible. Most of the traditional methods are to record the local solar trajectory, and then automatically adjust the solar panels according to the recorded information according to the solar trajectory. For example, the active solar tracking method and device announced in Chinese Patent No. 200910100808.6 and the toothed belt transmission group synchronously tracking solar automatic tracking device based on the orbit of the earth and the sun announced in 200910086319. Tracking, the problems of this type of method are: first, the sun’s irradiation angles are different in different places, so different regions must record different sun trajectory information and operate according to different information, and the workload is heavy; It is more complicated; the third is that the sun's rays do not have obvious directivity in cloudy and rainy days, but the motor system still consumes power to work.
实用新型内容Utility model content
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够保证电能供给且能进行智能调控信号灯变换时间的交通信号灯。In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a traffic signal lamp which can ensure the supply of electric energy and can intelligently adjust the switching time of the signal lamp.
为实现上述目的,本实用新型提供一种带有持续供电装置的智能交通信号灯,包括充电模块和跟踪控制模块;所述充电模块包括太阳能电池板和蓄电池;所述充电模块的蓄电池向所述跟踪控制模块供电;所述太阳能电池板通过关断电路连接充电切换电路的第一输入端,所述关断电路与所述充电切换电路之间并联有第一电压检测模块,所述第一电压检测模块用于检测太阳能电池板的输出电压,所述第一电压检测模块的输出端连接所述充电切换电路的第二输入端;所述充电切换电路的第一电源输出端连接升压控制电路的输入端,所述充电切换电路的第二电源输出端连接所述蓄电池的充电输入端,所述充电切换电路的第三电源输出端连接稳压电路的输入端,所述稳压电路分别连接所述关断电路的电源输入端和升压控制电路的第一电源输入端,所述充电切换电路的信号输出端连接所述升压控制电路的信号输入端;所述升压控制电路的输出端连接蓄电池的充电输入端,所述蓄电池并联有第二电压检测模块,所述第二电压检测模块用于检测蓄电池两端电压,所述第二电压检测模块的输出端连接所述充电切换电路的第三输入端;所述蓄电池连接有电量检测电路,所述电量检测电路用于检测所述蓄电池的电量,所述电量检测电路的控制信号输出端连接所述关断电路的控制信号输入端。In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides an intelligent traffic signal light with a continuous power supply device, including a charging module and a tracking control module; the charging module includes a solar panel and a storage battery; The control module supplies power; the solar cell panel is connected to the first input terminal of the charging switching circuit through a shutdown circuit, and a first voltage detection module is connected in parallel between the shutdown circuit and the charging switching circuit, and the first voltage detection module The module is used to detect the output voltage of the solar panel, the output terminal of the first voltage detection module is connected to the second input terminal of the charging switching circuit; the first power supply output terminal of the charging switching circuit is connected to the boost control circuit The input end, the second power output end of the charging switching circuit is connected to the charging input end of the storage battery, the third power output end of the charging switching circuit is connected to the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is respectively connected to the The power input end of the shutdown circuit and the first power input end of the boost control circuit, the signal output end of the charging switching circuit is connected to the signal input end of the boost control circuit; the output end of the boost control circuit connected to the charging input terminal of the battery, the battery is connected in parallel with a second voltage detection module, the second voltage detection module is used to detect the voltage at both ends of the battery, and the output terminal of the second voltage detection module is connected to the charging switching circuit The third input terminal: the storage battery is connected with a power detection circuit, and the power detection circuit is used to detect the power of the storage battery, and the control signal output terminal of the power detection circuit is connected with the control signal input terminal of the shutdown circuit.
所述蓄电池串联有LED灯组,所述LED灯组由三个并联的LED灯组成,该并联的三个LED灯各自设置有控制其通断的第四电磁继电器,所述第四电磁继电器分别连接第二处理器,所述第二处理器输出控制信号给所述第四电磁继电器控制其通断;所述第二电压检测模块连接所述第二处理器,所述第二电压检测模块发送信号给所述第二处理器;所述第二处理器连接有时钟模块,时钟模块的输出端连接所述第二处理器的第一输入端;所述第二处理器的输出端连接语音芯片的输入端,所述语音芯片的输出端通过滤波电路连接喇叭的信号输入端;所述第二处理器还通过相应的LED驱动电路分别连接三个LED灯,所述第二处理器发送控制信号给所述LED驱动电路;所述第二处理器还依次通过模数转换器和整流滤波电路连接地感线圈;所述地感线圈采集到的信号进行整流滤波后再进行模数转换,然后送达所述第二处理器;The storage battery is connected in series with an LED lamp group, and the LED lamp group is composed of three parallel LED lamps. The three parallel LED lamps are each provided with a fourth electromagnetic relay for controlling their on-off, and the fourth electromagnetic relays are respectively Connect the second processor, the second processor outputs a control signal to the fourth electromagnetic relay to control its on-off; the second voltage detection module is connected to the second processor, and the second voltage detection module sends Signal to the second processor; the second processor is connected with a clock module, the output of the clock module is connected to the first input of the second processor; the output of the second processor is connected to the voice chip The input end of the voice chip, the output end of the voice chip is connected to the signal input end of the speaker through the filter circuit; the second processor is also connected to three LED lamps respectively through the corresponding LED drive circuit, and the second processor sends a control signal to the LED drive circuit; the second processor is also sequentially connected to the ground induction coil through an analog-to-digital converter and a rectification filter circuit; the signal collected by the ground induction coil is rectified and filtered before performing analog-to-digital conversion, and then sent to the second processor;
所述太阳能电池板的电源输出端通过所述关断电路的第一电磁继电器的开关末端连接所述充电切换电路;所述关断电路还包括第一隔离二极管;所述第一隔离二极管的负极连接稳压二极管的负极;所述稳压二极管的正极通过第一电容连接第一NPN型三极管的发射极;所述第一NPN型三极管的发射极接地;所述第一NPN型三极管的集电极通过所述第一电磁继电器的电磁线圈连接第二隔离二极管的负极;所述第二隔离二极管的正极连接有第一电阻;所述第一NPN型三极管的集电极与所述第一电磁继电器的电磁线圈之间并联有泄放二极管;所述泄放二极管的正极连接所述第一NPN型三极管的集电极;所述泄放二极管的负极通过第二电容接地;所述第一NPN型三极管的基极通过第二电阻连接PNP型三极管的集电极;所述PNP型三极管的发射极连接所述第一隔离二极管的负极;所述第一NPN型三极管的基极连接第第三隔离二极管的负极;所述第第三隔离二极管的正极连接第二NPN型三极管的发射极;所述第二NPN型三极管的集电极通过第三电阻连接所述第一隔离二极管的正极;所述PNP型三极管的基极通过第四电阻连接所述第一隔离二极管的正极;所述第一隔离二极管的正极连接所述稳压电路的第二输出端;所述第二隔离二极管通过第一电阻连接所述稳压电路的第二输出端;所述第二NPN型三极管的基极连接所述电量检测电路的输出端。The power output terminal of the solar cell panel is connected to the charging switching circuit through the switch terminal of the first electromagnetic relay of the shut-off circuit; the shut-off circuit also includes a first isolation diode; the negative pole of the first isolation diode Connect the negative pole of the Zener diode; the positive pole of the Zener diode is connected to the emitter of the first NPN transistor through the first capacitor; the emitter of the first NPN transistor is grounded; the collector of the first NPN transistor Connect the negative pole of the second isolation diode through the electromagnetic coil of the first electromagnetic relay; the positive pole of the second isolation diode is connected with a first resistor; the collector of the first NPN transistor is connected to the first electromagnetic relay A discharge diode is connected in parallel between the electromagnetic coils; the anode of the discharge diode is connected to the collector of the first NPN transistor; the cathode of the discharge diode is grounded through a second capacitor; the first NPN transistor The base is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor through the second resistor; the emitter of the PNP transistor is connected to the cathode of the first isolation diode; the base of the first NPN transistor is connected to the cathode of the third isolation diode The anode of the third isolation diode is connected to the emitter of the second NPN transistor; the collector of the second NPN transistor is connected to the anode of the first isolation diode through a third resistor; the PNP transistor The base is connected to the anode of the first isolation diode through the fourth resistor; the anode of the first isolation diode is connected to the second output terminal of the voltage stabilizing circuit; the second isolation diode is connected to the stabilizing diode through the first resistor The second output end of the voltage circuit; the base of the second NPN transistor is connected to the output end of the power detection circuit.
所述充电切换电路包括第十一比较器,所述第十一比较器的第一输入端连接所述第一电压检测模块的输出端,所述第十一比较器的第二输入端连接所述第二电压检测模块的输出端,所述第十一比较器的输出端连接反向器的输入端,所述反向器的输出端连接第一场效应晶体管的栅极,所述第一场效应晶体管的源极通过所述第一电磁继电器的开关末端连接所述太阳能电池板的正极,所述第一场效应晶体管的漏极通过第一防反二极管连接所述升压控制电路的第二电源输人端;所述第十一比较器的输出端还连接第二场效应晶体管的栅极,所述第二场效应晶体管的源极通过所述第一电磁继电器的开关末端连接所述太阳能电池板的正极,所述第二场效应晶体管的漏极通过第二防反二极管连接所述蓄电池的电源输入端;所述第十一比较器的输出端还连接所述升压控制电路的信号输入端;当太阳能电池板的输出电压大于蓄电池两端的电压时,第十一比较器输出电平信号控制第二场效应晶体管导通,太阳能电池板直接向蓄电池充电,当太阳能电池板的输出电压低于蓄电池两端的电压时,第十一比较器输出的电平信号经反向器反向后输出到第一场效应晶体管,使其导通,太阳能电池板输出的电能进行升压后再向蓄电池充电。The charging switching circuit includes an eleventh comparator, the first input terminal of the eleventh comparator is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage detection module, and the second input terminal of the eleventh comparator is connected to the The output terminal of the second voltage detection module, the output terminal of the eleventh comparator is connected to the input terminal of the inverter, the output terminal of the inverter is connected to the gate of the first field effect transistor, and the first The source of the field effect transistor is connected to the anode of the solar panel through the switch terminal of the first electromagnetic relay, and the drain of the first field effect transistor is connected to the first step-up control circuit of the boost control circuit through the first anti-reverse diode. Two power input terminals; the output terminal of the eleventh comparator is also connected to the gate of the second field effect transistor, and the source of the second field effect transistor is connected to the The positive pole of the solar battery panel, the drain of the second field effect transistor is connected to the power input terminal of the storage battery through the second anti-reverse diode; the output terminal of the eleventh comparator is also connected to the boost control circuit Signal input terminal; when the output voltage of the solar panel is greater than the voltage at both ends of the battery, the eleventh comparator output level signal controls the second field effect transistor to turn on, and the solar panel directly charges the battery. When the output of the solar panel When the voltage is lower than the voltage at both ends of the battery, the level signal output by the eleventh comparator is reversed by the inverter and then output to the first field effect transistor to make it conductive, and the electric energy output by the solar panel is boosted and then Charge the battery.
所述升压控制电路包括第一处理器、第一电感和第三电容,所述第一处理器的信号输入端连接所述第十一比较器的输出端,所述稳压电路还向所述第一处理器供电;所述第一场效应晶体管的漏极通过第一防反二极管连接所述第一电感的一端,所述第一电感的另一端依次通过第二电感和第一二极管连接所述蓄电池的正极;所述第二电感和第一二极管并联有第三电感和第二二极管;所述第三电感的一端连接在所述第一电感与第二电感之间的电路上,所述第三电感的另一端通过第二二极管连接在所述第一二极管与蓄电池之间的电路上,所述第二电感与所述第一二极管之间的电路通过第二电磁继电器连接太阳能电池板的负极,所述第一处理器的第一输出端连接所述第二电磁继电器的控制信号输入端;所述第三电感和第二二极管之间的电路通过第三电磁继电器连接太阳能电池板的负极,所述第一处理器的第二输出端连接所述第三电磁继电器的控制信号输入端;所述第三电容一端连接在所述第一二极管与蓄电池正极之间的电路上,所述第三电容的另一端连接太阳能电池板的负极并通过所述第三电磁继电器的开关末端连接所述第三电感和第二二极管之间的电路;所述第三电容两端并联有电阻;所述蓄电池的负极连接所述太阳能电池板的负极。The boost control circuit includes a first processor, a first inductor and a third capacitor, the signal input terminal of the first processor is connected to the output terminal of the eleventh comparator, and the voltage stabilizing circuit also provides The first processor is powered; the drain of the first field effect transistor is connected to one end of the first inductance through the first anti-reverse diode, and the other end of the first inductance is passed through the second inductance and the first diode in turn The tube is connected to the positive pole of the battery; the second inductance and the first diode are connected in parallel with a third inductance and a second diode; one end of the third inductance is connected between the first inductance and the second inductance The other end of the third inductance is connected to the circuit between the first diode and the storage battery through a second diode, and the connection between the second inductance and the first diode The circuit between is connected to the negative pole of the solar panel through the second electromagnetic relay, and the first output end of the first processor is connected to the control signal input end of the second electromagnetic relay; the third inductor and the second diode The circuit between them is connected to the negative pole of the solar panel through the third electromagnetic relay, the second output end of the first processor is connected to the control signal input end of the third electromagnetic relay; one end of the third capacitor is connected to the On the circuit between the first diode and the positive pole of the storage battery, the other end of the third capacitor is connected to the negative pole of the solar panel and connected to the third inductor and the second diode through the switch terminal of the third electromagnetic relay A circuit between the tubes; a resistor is connected in parallel to both ends of the third capacitor; the negative pole of the storage battery is connected to the negative pole of the solar cell panel.
所述跟踪控制模块包括单片机、第一光敏传感器、第二光敏传感器、第三光敏传感器、第四光敏传感器、第一比较器、第二比较器、第三比较器、第四比较器、第五比较器、第六比较器、第七比较器、第八比较器、第九比较器、第十比较器和安装板;所述第一光敏传感器的输出端连接所述第一比较器的第一输入端,所述单片机的第一输出端连接所述第一比较器的第二输入端,所述第一比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第一输入端;所述第二光敏传感器的输出端连接所述第二比较器的第一输入端,所述单片机的第二输出端连接所述第二比较器的第二输入端,所述第二比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第二输入端;所述第三光敏传感器的输出端连接所述第三比较器的第一输入端,所述单片机的第三输出端连接所述第三比较器的第二输入端,所述第三比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第三输入端;所述第四光敏传感器的输出端连接所述第四比较器的第一输入端,所述单片机的第四输出端连接所述第四比较器的第二输入端,所述第四比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第四输入端;所述第一光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第五比较器的第一输入端,所述第二光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第五比较器的第二输入端,所述第五比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第五输入端;所述第一光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第六比较器的第一输入端,所述第三光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第六比较器的第二输入端,所述第六比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第六输入端;所述第一光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第七比较器的第一输入端,所述第四光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第七比较器的第二输入端,所述第七比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第七输入端;所述第二光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第八比较器的第一输入端,所述第三光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第八比较器的第二输入端,所述第八比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第八输入端;所述第二光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第九比较器的第一输入端,所述第四光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第九比较器的第二输入端,所述第九比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第九输入端;所述第三光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第十比较器的第一输入端,所述第四光敏传感器的输出端还连接所述第十比较器的第二输入端,所述第十比较器的输出端连接所述单片机的第十输入端;The tracking control module includes a single-chip microcomputer, a first photosensitive sensor, a second photosensitive sensor, a third photosensitive sensor, a fourth photosensitive sensor, a first comparator, a second comparator, a third comparator, a fourth comparator, a fifth comparator, the sixth comparator, the seventh comparator, the eighth comparator, the ninth comparator, the tenth comparator and the installation board; the output end of the first photosensitive sensor is connected to the first comparator of the first comparator input end, the first output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the second input end of the first comparator, and the output end of the first comparator is connected to the first input end of the single-chip microcomputer; the second photosensitive sensor's The output end is connected to the first input end of the second comparator, the second output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the second input end of the second comparator, and the output end of the second comparator is connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The second input terminal; the output terminal of the third photosensitive sensor is connected to the first input terminal of the third comparator, the third output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the second input terminal of the third comparator, and the The output end of the third comparator is connected to the third input end of the single-chip microcomputer; the output end of the fourth photosensitive sensor is connected to the first input end of the fourth comparator, and the fourth output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the The second input terminal of the fourth comparator, the output terminal of the fourth comparator is connected to the fourth input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer; the output terminal of the first photosensitive sensor is also connected to the first input terminal of the fifth comparator terminal, the output terminal of the second photosensitive sensor is also connected to the second input terminal of the fifth comparator, and the output terminal of the fifth comparator is connected to the fifth input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer; the first photosensitive sensor The output terminal of the sixth comparator is also connected to the first input terminal of the sixth comparator, the output terminal of the third photosensitive sensor is also connected to the second input terminal of the sixth comparator, and the output terminal of the sixth comparator is connected to The sixth input end of the single-chip microcomputer; the output end of the first photosensitive sensor is also connected to the first input end of the seventh comparator, and the output end of the fourth photosensitive sensor is also connected to the seventh comparator The second input terminal, the output terminal of the seventh comparator is connected to the seventh input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer; the output terminal of the second photosensitive sensor is also connected to the first input terminal of the eighth comparator, and the first input terminal of the eighth comparator is connected. The output terminals of the three photosensitive sensors are also connected to the second input terminal of the eighth comparator, and the output terminals of the eighth comparator are connected to the eighth input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer; the output terminals of the second photosensitive sensor are also connected The first input terminal of the ninth comparator, the output terminal of the fourth photosensitive sensor is also connected to the second input terminal of the ninth comparator, and the output terminal of the ninth comparator is connected to the first input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer. Nine input terminals; the output terminal of the third photosensitive sensor is also connected to the first input terminal of the tenth comparator, and the output terminal of the fourth photosensitive sensor is also connected to the second input terminal of the tenth comparator, The output terminal of the tenth comparator is connected to the tenth input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer;
所述安装板的正中心固定有安装座,所述安装座从下到上包括大圆柱段、小圆柱段和球形段,其中大圆柱段的下端与安装板固定,所述小圆柱段与大圆柱段同轴,并且小圆柱段的直径比大圆柱段的直径小,所述球形段的球心位于小圆柱段中心线的延长线上,在安装座的球形段上套有托板,所述托板上固定有太阳能电池板,所述第一光敏传感器、第二光敏传感器、第三光敏传感器和第四光敏传感器设置在所述太阳能电池板上;所述太阳能电池板将托板的上表面完全覆盖,在所述安装板上还周向均匀安装有四个丝杆,所述丝杆的中心线竖向布置,在安装板上还安装与丝杆一一对应的齿组和电机,其中电机的输出轴与齿组的输入端连接,齿组的输出端与丝杆连接,当电机转动时,对应的丝杆上下移动,所述托板将丝杆遮蔽,并且至少两个丝杆的上端与托板的下表面相抵;所述单片机与四个电机的H桥驱动电路连接,所述单片机输出控制信号给四个电机的H桥驱动电路。The center of the mounting plate is fixed with a mounting seat, and the mounting seat includes a large cylindrical section, a small cylindrical section and a spherical section from bottom to top, wherein the lower end of the large cylindrical section is fixed to the mounting plate, and the small cylindrical section is connected to the large cylindrical section. The cylindrical sections are coaxial, and the diameter of the small cylindrical section is smaller than that of the large cylindrical section. The center of the spherical section is located on the extension line of the center line of the small cylindrical section. A supporting plate is set on the spherical section of the mounting seat. A solar cell panel is fixed on the supporting plate, and the first photosensitive sensor, the second photosensitive sensor, the third photosensitive sensor and the fourth photosensitive sensor are arranged on the solar cell panel; The surface is completely covered, and four screw rods are evenly installed in the circumferential direction on the mounting plate. The centerline of the screw rods is vertically arranged, and a tooth set and a motor corresponding to the screw rods are installed on the mounting plate. Wherein the output shaft of the motor is connected to the input end of the tooth group, and the output end of the tooth group is connected to the screw rod. When the motor rotates, the corresponding screw rod moves up and down, and the supporting plate covers the screw rod, and at least two screw rods The upper end of the upper end is offset against the lower surface of the supporting plate; the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the H-bridge driving circuits of the four motors, and the single-chip microcomputer outputs control signals to the H-bridge driving circuits of the four motors.
采用以上技术方案,充电切换电路采集第一电压检测模块和第二电压检测模块输出的电压信号,并根据比较两个接收到的电压信号,输出电平信号来控制电源线路的导通,使得当太阳能电池板的输出电压大于蓄电池电压时,太阳能电池板直接向蓄电池供电,当太阳能电池板的输出电压小于蓄电池电压时,充电切换电路将太阳能电池板的输出电源经过升压控制电路进行升压后再向蓄电池充电,以此实现了缩短充电时间,提高太阳能电池板向蓄电池充电的效率。同时,在蓄电池充满电后,电量检测电路输出控制信号给关断电路断开太阳能电池板和充电切换电路之间的连接,增加了充电器的寿命,降低了充电器的故障率,同时节约电能,环保且经济。由于电源供给的稳定高效,使得本实用新型能够长时间持续工作。本实用新型还能够根据地感线圈发出的信号判断车辆多少,从而进行智能调整交通信号灯的变换时间。本实用新型将太阳能电池板固定在托板上,托板套在安装座的球形段上,托板可以绕球形段万向转动,托板下方至少两个丝杆的上端与托板的下表面相抵,从而通过控制各个丝杆上下移动,调节托板的朝向和角度,便捷地实现太阳能电池板各个朝向、不同角度的调节,确保不同位置、不同时段太阳能电池板的向光面均能与太阳光线垂直,从而有效地提高太阳能的利用率。在进行太阳能发电时,设置在太阳能电池板上的四个光敏传感器处理器检测到太阳光照强度,光敏传感器将检测到的光信号转换成电信号,当太阳光照变化时,四个光敏传感器感受到的光照强度也不一样,处理器分别输出参考信号到第一比较器、第二比较器、第三比较器和第四比较器,同时四个光敏传感器也分别输出信号到所述第一比较器、第二比较器、第三比较器和第四比较器,第一比较器、第二比较器、第三比较器和第四比较器分别对接收到的信号进行比较,来判断太阳能电池板的光照强度是否到达预定值,处理器根据检测结果通过电机的H桥驱动电路来驱动电机,以进行调整太阳能电池板的方向或太阳能电池板与太阳光的角度。四个光敏传感器之间还分别输出信号到第五比较器至第十比较器,第五比较器至第十比较器分别比较个光敏传感器之间的信号并输出信号给处理器,处理器根据光敏传感器之间的比较信号判断太阳光照强度,然后通过电机的H桥驱动电路来驱动电机进行微调。本实用新型能够驱动传动装置以进行太阳能光照强度跟踪,同时,本实用新型还能够通过H桥驱动电路来驱动电机正转、反转和刹车,相较传统的太阳能跟踪装置,本实用新型定位更加精准,能够使太阳能发电效率更高。本实用新型通过保持太阳能电池板长期位于光照强的方位,太阳能电池板能够持续高效的发电,从而提高了发电效率和对蓄电池的充电效率,能够对LED灯进行稳定持续供电,为交通信号灯的不间断使用作出了巨大贡献。Using the above technical solution, the charging switching circuit collects the voltage signals output by the first voltage detection module and the second voltage detection module, and outputs a level signal to control the conduction of the power line according to the comparison of the two received voltage signals, so that when When the output voltage of the solar panel is greater than the battery voltage, the solar panel directly supplies power to the battery. When the output voltage of the solar panel is lower than the battery voltage, the charging switching circuit boosts the output power of the solar panel through the boost control circuit. Then charge the storage battery, so as to shorten the charging time and improve the charging efficiency of the solar panel to the storage battery. At the same time, after the battery is fully charged, the power detection circuit outputs a control signal to the shutdown circuit to disconnect the connection between the solar panel and the charging switching circuit, which increases the life of the charger, reduces the failure rate of the charger, and saves power at the same time , environmentally friendly and economical. Due to the stable and efficient power supply, the utility model can continue to work for a long time. The utility model can also judge the number of vehicles according to the signal sent by the ground induction coil, thereby intelligently adjusting the changing time of the traffic signal lamp. The utility model fixes the solar panel on the supporting plate, and the supporting plate is sleeved on the spherical section of the mounting base. The supporting plate can rotate around the spherical section in a universal direction. The upper ends of at least two screw rods below the supporting plate are connected with the lower surface In this way, by controlling the up and down movement of each screw rod, adjusting the orientation and angle of the supporting plate, it is convenient to realize the adjustment of various orientations and angles of the solar panel, so as to ensure that the light-facing surface of the solar panel at different positions and at different times can be aligned with the sun. The light is vertical, thus effectively improving the utilization rate of solar energy. During solar power generation, the four photosensitive sensor processors installed on the solar panel detect the intensity of sunlight, and the photosensitive sensors convert the detected light signals into electrical signals. When the sunlight changes, the four photosensitive sensors feel The light intensity is not the same, the processor respectively outputs reference signals to the first comparator, the second comparator, the third comparator and the fourth comparator, and the four photosensitive sensors also output signals to the first comparator respectively , the second comparator, the third comparator and the fourth comparator, the first comparator, the second comparator, the third comparator and the fourth comparator respectively compare the received signals to judge the Whether the light intensity reaches a predetermined value, the processor drives the motor through the H-bridge drive circuit of the motor according to the detection result, so as to adjust the direction of the solar panel or the angle between the solar panel and the sunlight. The four photosensitive sensors also output signals to the fifth comparator to the tenth comparator respectively, and the fifth comparator to the tenth comparator respectively compare the signals between the photosensitive sensors and output the signal to the processor, and the processor according to the photosensitive The comparison signal between the sensors judges the intensity of sunlight, and then drives the motor through the H-bridge drive circuit of the motor for fine-tuning. The utility model can drive the transmission device to track the intensity of solar light. At the same time, the utility model can also drive the motor to rotate forward, reverse and brake through the H-bridge drive circuit. Compared with the traditional solar tracking device, the utility model is more positioned Accurate, can make solar power generation more efficient. The utility model keeps the solar battery panel in the direction of strong light for a long time, so that the solar battery panel can continuously and efficiently generate electricity, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and the charging efficiency of the storage battery, and can provide stable and continuous power supply to the LED lamp, which is not only for traffic lights Intermittent use made a huge contribution.
为了进一步的提高充电效率,所述太阳能电池板设置在相变蓄能调温材料板上,所述太阳能电池板的背光面与所述相变蓄能调温材料板贴合。采用以上技术方案,当光照温度较高时相变蓄能调温材料板可将光能吸收并存储起来,一旦当光照温度下降低于太阳能电池板光电转换温度时,会释放储存的能量保证太阳能电池板正常进行光电转换,大大提高了太阳能电池板的光电转换效率,从而促进了太阳能电池板向蓄电池充电的效率。In order to further improve charging efficiency, the solar cell panel is arranged on a phase-change energy storage temperature-regulating material plate, and the backlight surface of the solar cell panel is bonded to the phase-change energy storage temperature-regulating material plate. Using the above technical scheme, when the light temperature is high, the phase-change energy storage temperature-regulating material board can absorb and store light energy, and once the light temperature drops below the photoelectric conversion temperature of the solar panel, the stored energy will be released to ensure solar energy The normal photoelectric conversion of the solar panel greatly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar panel, thereby promoting the charging efficiency of the solar panel to the storage battery.
进一步的,为了显示蓄电池和太阳能电池板的电压情况,以及向本太阳能充电控制系统发送控制指令,本实用新型还包括触摸屏,所述第二处理器与所述触摸屏双向连接。Further, in order to display the voltage of the storage battery and the solar panel, and send control commands to the solar charging control system, the utility model also includes a touch screen, and the second processor is bidirectionally connected to the touch screen.
较佳的,三个LED灯分别为红色LED灯、黄色LED灯和绿色LED灯。Preferably, the three LED lights are red LED lights, yellow LED lights and green LED lights.
进一步的,还包括光敏传感器,所述光敏传感器的输出端连接所述第二处理器的第二输入端。采用以上技术方案,本实用新型能够通过第二处理器接收光敏传感器传出的光照信号,根据不同的光照情况第二处理器发送驱动信号给LED驱动电路来改变LED灯的亮度。Further, it also includes a photosensitive sensor, the output end of the photosensitive sensor is connected to the second input end of the second processor. By adopting the above technical solution, the utility model can receive the light signal from the photosensitive sensor through the second processor, and according to different light conditions, the second processor can send a drive signal to the LED drive circuit to change the brightness of the LED lamp.
本实用新型的有益效果是:本实用新型缩短了充电时间,提高太阳能电池板向蓄电池充电的效率,同时保证了交通信号灯的使用时间,能够根据不同的光照情况来改变LED灯的亮度,也能够根据车辆多少来进行信号灯变换时间的调控,本实用新型还通过驱动传动装置以进行太阳能光照强度跟踪,使太阳能发电效率更高,能够对LED灯进行稳定持续供电,为交通信号灯的不间断使用作出了巨大贡献。The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model shortens the charging time, improves the charging efficiency of the solar panel to the storage battery, and at the same time ensures the service time of the traffic signal lamp, and can change the brightness of the LED lamp according to different lighting conditions, and can also According to the number of vehicles, the signal light conversion time is regulated. The utility model also drives the transmission device to track the intensity of solar light, so that the efficiency of solar power generation is higher, and it can provide stable and continuous power supply to LED lights, making a contribution to the uninterrupted use of traffic signal lights. made a huge contribution.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型中充电模块和跟踪控制模块的电路原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the charging module and the tracking control module in the utility model.
图2是本实用新型充电模块的电路连接示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the charging module of the present invention.
图3是本实用新型中蓄电池充电的具体电路连接示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of specific circuit connections for battery charging in the utility model.
图4是本实用新型中跟踪控制模块的电路连接示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the tracking control module in the utility model.
图5是本实用新型中跟踪控制模块的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the tracking control module in the present invention.
图6是图5的A-A剖视图。Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Fig. 5 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明:Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described:
如图1至图6所示,一种带有持续供电装置的智能交通信号灯,包括充电模块201和跟踪控制模块202;所述充电模块201包括太阳能电池板1和蓄电池2;所述充电模块201的蓄电池2向单片机和四个电机供电。As shown in Figures 1 to 6, an intelligent traffic light with a continuous power supply device includes a
所述太阳能电池板1通过关断电路3连接充电切换电路4的第一输入端,所述关断电路3与所述充电切换电路4之间并联有第一电压检测模块5,所述第一电压检测模块5的信号输出端连接所述充电切换电路4的第二输入端;所述充电切换电路4的第一电源输出端连接升压控制电路6的输入端,所述充电切换电路4的第二电源输出端连接所述蓄电池2的充电输入端,所述充电切换电路4的第三电源输出端连接稳压电路7的输入端,所述稳压电路7分别连接所述关断电路3的电源输入端和升压控制电路6的第一电源输入端,所述充电切换电路4的信号输出端连接所述升压控制电路6的信号输入端;所述升压控制电路6的输出端连接蓄电池2的充电输入端,所述蓄电池2并联有第二电压检测模块8,所述第二电压检测模块8的信号输出端连接所述充电切换电路4的第三输入端;所述蓄电池2连接有电量检测电路9,所述电量检测电路9用于检测所述蓄电池2的电量,所述电量检测电路9的控制信号输出端连接所述关断电路3的控制信号输入端;所述蓄电池2串联有LED灯组101,所述LED灯组101由三个并联的LED灯102组成,该并联的三个LED灯各自设置有控制其通断的第四电磁继电器103,所述第四电磁继电器103连接第二处理器104,所述第二处理器104输出控制信号给所述第四电磁继电器103控制其通断;所述第二电压检测模块8连接所述第二处理器104,所述第二电压检测模块8发送信号给所述第二处理器104;所述第二处理器104连接有时钟模块105,时钟模块105的输出端连接所述第二处理器104的第一输入端;所述第二处理器104的输出端连接语音芯片106的输入端,所述语音芯片106的输出端通过滤波电路112连接喇叭107的信号输入端;所述第二处理器104还通过相应的LED驱动电路108分别连接三个LED灯102,所述第二处理器104发送控制信号给所述LED驱动电路108;所述第二处理器104还依次通过模数转换器109和整流滤波电路110连接地感线圈111;所述地感线圈111采集到的信号进行整流滤波后再进行模数转换,然后送达所述第二处理器104;The solar battery panel 1 is connected to the first input terminal of the charging switching circuit 4 through the shut-off circuit 3, and a first voltage detection module 5 is connected in parallel between the shut-off circuit 3 and the charging switching circuit 4, and the first The signal output terminal of the voltage detection module 5 is connected to the second input terminal of the charging switching circuit 4; the first power supply output terminal of the charging switching circuit 4 is connected to the input terminal of the boost control circuit 6, and the charging switching circuit 4 The second power supply output terminal is connected to the charging input terminal of the storage battery 2, the third power supply output terminal of the charging switching circuit 4 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage stabilizing circuit 7, and the voltage stabilizing circuit 7 is respectively connected to the shutdown circuit 3 The power supply input terminal of the boost control circuit 6 and the first power input terminal of the boost control circuit 6, the signal output terminal of the charging switching circuit 4 is connected to the signal input terminal of the boost control circuit 6; the output terminal of the boost control circuit 6 Connect the charging input terminal of the storage battery 2, the storage battery 2 is connected in parallel with a second voltage detection module 8, the signal output terminal of the second voltage detection module 8 is connected to the third input terminal of the charging switching circuit 4; the storage battery 2 A power detection circuit 9 is connected, and the power detection circuit 9 is used to detect the power of the battery 2, and the control signal output end of the power detection circuit 9 is connected to the control signal input end of the shutdown circuit 3; 2. There is an
所述太阳能电池板1的电源输出端通过所述关断电路3的第一电磁继电器10的开关末端连接所述充电切换电路4;所述关断电路3还包括第一隔离二极管D1;所述第一隔离二极管D1的负极连接稳压二极管D2的负极;所述稳压二极管D2的正极通过第一电容C1连接第一NPN型三极管Q1的发射极;所述第一NPN型三极管Q1的发射极接地;所述第一NPN型三极管Q1的集电极通过所述第一电磁继电器10的电磁线圈连接第二隔离二极管D3的负极;所述第二隔离二极管D3的正极连接有第一电阻R1;所述第一NPN型三极管Q1的集电极与所述第一电磁继电器10的电磁线圈之间并联有泄放二极管D4;所述泄放二极管D4的正极连接所述第一NPN型三极管Q1的集电极;所述泄放二极管D4的负极通过第二电容C2接地;所述第一NPN型三极管Q1的基极通过第二电阻R2连接PNP型三极管Q2的集电极;所述PNP型三极管Q2的发射极连接所述第一隔离二极管D1的负极;所述第一NPN型三极管Q1的基极连接第第三隔离二极管D5的负极;所述第第三隔离二极管D5的正极连接第二NPN型三极管Q3的发射极;所述第二NPN型三极管Q3的集电极通过第三电阻R3连接所述第一隔离二极管D1的正极;所述PNP型三极管Q2的基极通过第四电阻R4连接所述第一隔离二极管D1的正极;所述第一隔离二极管D1的正极连接所述稳压电路7的第二输出端;所述第二隔离二极管D3通过第一电阻R1连接所述稳压电路7的第二输出端;所述第二NPN型三极管Q3的基极连接所述电量检测电路9的输出端;The power output terminal of the solar cell panel 1 is connected to the charging switching circuit 4 through the switch terminal of the first electromagnetic relay 10 of the shut-off circuit 3; the shut-off circuit 3 also includes a first isolation diode D1; The negative pole of the first isolation diode D1 is connected to the negative pole of the Zener diode D2; the positive pole of the Zener diode D2 is connected to the emitter of the first NPN transistor Q1 through the first capacitor C1; the emitter of the first NPN transistor Q1 grounding; the collector of the first NPN transistor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of the second isolation diode D3 through the electromagnetic coil of the first electromagnetic relay 10; the anode of the second isolation diode D3 is connected to the first resistor R1; A discharge diode D4 is connected in parallel between the collector of the first NPN transistor Q1 and the electromagnetic coil of the first electromagnetic relay 10; the anode of the discharge diode D4 is connected to the collector of the first NPN transistor Q1 ; The cathode of the discharge diode D4 is grounded through the second capacitor C2; the base of the first NPN transistor Q1 is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor Q2 through the second resistor R2; the emitter of the PNP transistor Q2 Connect the cathode of the first isolation diode D1; the base of the first NPN transistor Q1 is connected to the cathode of the third isolation diode D5; the anode of the third isolation diode D5 is connected to the second NPN transistor Q3 Emitter; the collector of the second NPN transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the first isolation diode D1 through the third resistor R3; the base of the PNP transistor Q2 is connected to the first isolation diode through the fourth resistor R4 The anode of the diode D1; the anode of the first isolation diode D1 is connected to the second output terminal of the voltage stabilizing circuit 7; the second isolation diode D3 is connected to the second output of the voltage stabilizing circuit 7 through the first resistor R1 terminal; the base of the second NPN transistor Q3 is connected to the output terminal of the power detection circuit 9;
所述充电切换电路4包括第十一比较器11,所述第十一比较器11的第一输入端连接所述第一电压检测模块5的信号输出端,所述第十一比较器11的第二输入端连接所述第二电压检测模块8的信号输出端,所述第十一比较器11的输出端连接反向器12的输入端,所述反向器12的输出端连接第一场效应晶体管13的栅极,所述第一场效应晶体管13的源极通过所述第一电磁继电器10的开关末端连接所述太阳能电池板1的正极,所述第一场效应晶体管13的漏极通过第一防反二极管14连接所述升压控制电路6的第二电源输人端;所述第十一比较器11的输出端还连接第二场效应晶体管15的栅极,所述第二场效应晶体管15的源极通过所述第一电磁继电器10的开关末端连接所述太阳能电池板1的正极,所述第二场效应晶体管15的漏极通过第二防反二极管16连接所述蓄电池2的电源输入端;所述第十一比较器11的输出端还连接所述升压控制电路6的信号输入端;The charging switching circuit 4 includes an eleventh comparator 11, the first input terminal of the eleventh comparator 11 is connected to the signal output terminal of the first voltage detection module 5, and the eleventh comparator 11 The second input end is connected to the signal output end of the second voltage detection module 8, the output end of the eleventh comparator 11 is connected to the input end of the inverter 12, and the output end of the inverter 12 is connected to the first The gate of the field effect transistor 13, the source of the first field effect transistor 13 is connected to the positive pole of the solar cell panel 1 through the switch terminal of the first electromagnetic relay 10, the drain of the first field effect transistor 13 The pole is connected to the second power input terminal of the boost control circuit 6 through the first anti-reverse diode 14; the output terminal of the eleventh comparator 11 is also connected to the gate of the second field effect transistor 15, and the first The source of the two field effect transistors 15 is connected to the anode of the solar cell panel 1 through the switch terminal of the first electromagnetic relay 10, and the drain of the second field effect transistor 15 is connected to the The power supply input terminal of the storage battery 2; the output terminal of the eleventh comparator 11 is also connected to the signal input terminal of the boost control circuit 6;
所述升压控制电路6包括第一处理器23、第一电感17和第三电容,所述第一处理器23的信号输入端连接所述第十一比较器11的输出端,所述稳压电路7还向所述第一处理器23供电;所述第一场效应晶体管13的漏极通过第一防反二极管14连接所述第一电感17的一端,所述第一电感17的另一端依次通过第二电感18和第一二极管19连接所述蓄电池2的正极;所述第二电感18和第一二极管19并联有第三电感20和第二二极管21;所述第三电感20的一端连接在所述第一电感17与第二电感18之间的电路上,所述第三电感20的另一端通过第二二极管21连接在所述第一二极管19与蓄电池2之间的电路上,所述第二电感18与所述第一二极管19之间的电路通过第二电磁继电器22连接太阳能电池板1的负极,所述第一处理器23的第一输出端连接所述第二电磁继电器22的控制信号输入端;所述第三电感20和第二二极管21之间的电路通过第三电磁继电器24的开关末端连接太阳能电池板1的负极,所述第一处理器23的第二输出端连接所述第三电磁继电器24的控制信号输入端;所述第三电容25一端连接在所述第一二极管19与蓄电池2正极之间的电路上,所述第三电容25的另一端连接太阳能电池板1的负极并通过所述第三电磁继电器24的开关末端连接所述第三电感20和第二二极管21之间的电路;所述第三电容电容25两端并联有电阻26;所述蓄电池2的负极连接所述太阳能电池板1的负极;The
所述跟踪控制模块202包括单片机51、第一光敏传感器52、第二光敏传感器53、第三光敏传感器54、第四光敏传感器55、第一比较器56、第二比较器57、第三比较器58、第四比较器59、第五比较器510、第六比较器511、第七比较器512、第八比较器513、第九比较器514、第十比较器515和安装板523;所述第一光敏传感器52的输出端连接所述第一比较器56的第一输入端,所述单片机51的第一输出端连接所述第一比较器56的第二输入端,所述第一比较器56的输出端连接所述单片机51的第一输入端;所述第二光敏传感器53的输出端连接所述第二比较器57的第一输入端,所述单片机51的第二输出端连接所述第二比较器57的第二输入端,所述第二比较器57的输出端连接所述单片机51的第二输入端;所述第三光敏传感器54的输出端连接所述第三比较器58的第一输入端,所述单片机51的第三输出端连接所述第三比较器58的第二输入端,所述第三比较器58的输出端连接所述单片机51的第三输入端;所述第四光敏传感器55的输出端连接所述第四比较器59的第一输入端,所述单片机51的第四输出端连接所述第四比较器59的第二输入端,所述第四比较器59的输出端连接所述单片机51的第四输入端;所述第一光敏传感器52的输出端还连接所述第五比较器510的第一输入端,所述第二光敏传感器53的输出端还连接所述第五比较器510的第二输入端,所述第五比较器510的输出端连接所述单片机51的第五输入端;所述第一光敏传感器52的输出端还连接所述第六比较器511的第一输入端,所述第三光敏传感器54的输出端还连接所述第六比较器511的第二输入端,所述第六比较器511的输出端连接所述单片机51的第六输入端;所述第一光敏传感器52的输出端还连接所述第七比较器512的第一输入端,所述第四光敏传感器55的输出端还连接所述第七比较器512的第二输入端,所述第七比较器512的输出端连接所述单片机51的第七输入端;所述第二光敏传感器53的输出端还连接所述第八比较器513的第一输入端,所述第三光敏传感器54的输出端还连接所述第八比较器513的第二输入端,所述第八比较器513的输出端连接所述单片机51的第八输入端;所述第二光敏传感器53的输出端还连接所述第九比较器514的第一输入端,所述第四光敏传感器55的输出端还连接所述第九比较器514的第二输入端,所述第九比较器514的输出端连接所述单片机51的第九输入端;所述第三光敏传感器54的输出端还连接所述第十比较器515的第一输入端,所述第四光敏传感器55的输出端还连接所述第十比较器515的第二输入端,所述第十比较器515的输出端连接所述单片机51的第十输入端;The tracking control module 202 includes a single-chip microcomputer 51, a first photosensitive sensor 52, a second photosensitive sensor 53, a third photosensitive sensor 54, a fourth photosensitive sensor 55, a first comparator 56, a second comparator 57, and a third comparator 58, the fourth comparator 59, the fifth comparator 510, the sixth comparator 511, the seventh comparator 512, the eighth comparator 513, the ninth comparator 514, the tenth comparator 515 and the mounting board 523; The output terminal of the first photosensitive sensor 52 is connected to the first input terminal of the first comparator 56, and the first output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer 51 is connected to the second input terminal of the first comparator 56, and the first comparator The output end of the device 56 is connected to the first input end of the single-chip microcomputer 51; the output end of the second photosensitive sensor 53 is connected to the first input end of the second comparator 57, and the second output end of the single-chip microcomputer 51 is connected to The second input end of the second comparator 57, the output end of the second comparator 57 is connected to the second input end of the single-chip microcomputer 51; the output end of the third photosensitive sensor 54 is connected to the third comparator The first input end of the device 58, the third output end of the single-chip microcomputer 51 is connected to the second input end of the third comparator 58, and the output end of the third comparator 58 is connected to the third input end of the single-chip microcomputer 51 terminal; the output terminal of the fourth photosensitive sensor 55 is connected to the first input terminal of the fourth comparator 59, and the fourth output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer 51 is connected to the second input terminal of the fourth comparator 59, so The output end of the fourth comparator 59 is connected to the fourth input end of the single-chip microcomputer 51; the output end of the first photosensitive sensor 52 is also connected to the first input end of the fifth comparator 510, and the second photosensitive sensor The output end of sensor 53 is also connected the second input end of described fifth comparator 510, and the output end of described fifth comparator 510 is connected the fifth input end of described single-chip microcomputer 51; terminal is also connected to the first input terminal of the sixth comparator 511, the output terminal of the third photosensitive sensor 54 is also connected to the second input terminal of the sixth comparator 511, the output of the sixth comparator 511 terminal is connected to the sixth input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer 51; the output terminal of the first photosensitive sensor 52 is also connected to the first input terminal of the seventh comparator 512, and the output terminal of the fourth photosensitive sensor 55 is also connected to the The second input terminal of the seventh comparator 512, the output terminal of the seventh comparator 512 is connected to the seventh input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer 51; the output terminal of the second photosensitive sensor 53 is also connected to the eighth comparator The first input terminal of the device 513, the output terminal of the third photosensitive sensor 54 is also connected to the second input terminal of the eighth comparator 513, and the output terminal of the eighth comparator 513 is connected to the first input terminal of the single chip microcomputer 51. Eight input terminals; the output terminal of the second
所述安装板523的正中心固定有安装座524,所述安装座524从下到上包括大圆柱段、小圆柱段和球形段,其中大圆柱段的下端与安装板523固定,所述小圆柱段与大圆柱段同轴,并且小圆柱段的直径比大圆柱段的直径小,所述球形段的球心位于小圆柱段中心线的延长线上,在安装座524的球形段上套有托板525,所述托板525上固定有太阳能电池板526,所述第一光敏传感器52、第二光敏传感器53、第三光敏传感器54和第四光敏传感器55设置在所述太阳能电池板526上;所述太阳能电池板526将托板525的上表面完全覆盖,在所述安装板523上还周向均匀安装有四个丝杆527,所述丝杆527的中心线竖向布置,在安装板523上还安装与丝杆527一一对应的齿组528和电机516,其中电机516的输出轴与齿组528的输入端连接,齿组528的输出端与丝杆527连接,当电机516转动时,对应的丝杆527上下移动,所述托板525将丝杆527遮蔽,并且至少两个丝杆527的上端与托板525的下表面相抵;所述单片机51与四个电机516的H桥驱动电路连接,所述单片机51输出控制信号给四个电机516的H桥驱动电路。所述丝杆527的上端呈球心在下的半球形。The center of the mounting
所述太阳能电池板1设置在相变蓄能调温材料板27上,所述太阳能电池板1的背光面与所述相变蓄能调温材料板27贴合。The
本实用新型还包括触摸屏28,所述第二处理器104与所述触摸屏28双向连接。The utility model also includes a
本实用新型三个LED灯102分别为红色LED灯、黄色LED灯和绿色LED灯。The three
本实用新型还包括第五光敏传感器113,所述第五光敏传感器113的输出端连接所述第二处理器104的第二输入端。The present invention also includes a fifth
在进行太阳能发电时,四个光敏传感器处理器分别设置在太阳能电池板上来检测太阳光照强度,由于市面上的太阳能电池板多为方形,优选地,将四个光敏传感器分别设置在太阳能电池板的顶点上,当然也可以将光敏传感器设置在太阳能电池板的四边,其均为检测太阳光照强度,因此其具体安装位置不应受限制。光敏传感器将检测到的光信号转换成电信号,当太阳光照变化时,四个光敏传感器感受到的光照强度也不一样,处理器分别输出参考信号到第一比较器、第二比较器、第三比较器和第四比较器,同时四个光敏传感器也分别输出信号到所述第一比较器、第二比较器、第三比较器和第四比较器,第一比较器、第二比较器、第三比较器和第四比较器分别对接收到的信号进行比较,来判断太阳能电池板的光照强度是否到达预定值,处理器根据检测结果通过H桥电路模块来驱动四个电机,以进行调整太阳能电池板的方向或太阳能电池板与太阳光的角度。四个光敏传感器之间还分别输出信号到第五比较器至第十比较器,第五比较器至第十比较器分别比较个光敏传感器之间的信号并输出信号给处理器,处理器根据光敏传感器之间的比较信号判断太阳光照强度,然后通过H桥电路模块来驱动四个电机进行微调。通过按键输入装置进行模式设定,选择不同的太阳光照跟踪模式,本实用新型可以通过光敏传感器之间的检测信号进行比较,或者通过不同的光敏传感器的检测信号与处理器提供的参考信号进行比较,或者既通过光敏传感器之间进行比较又通过光敏传感器与处理器提供的参考信号进行比较来跟踪太阳光照强度;例如第一光敏传感器与第四光敏传感器的检测信号进行比较,或者第一光敏传感器、第二光敏传感器、第三传感器和第四传感器分别与处理器的参考信号进行比较等等。选择最后一种模式时,能够先通过判断四个点的光照强度进行粗调,即处理器控制四个电机以较快的速度转动,以节约太阳能强度跟踪时间;然后再通过光敏传感器之间的比较情况进行微调,即处理器控制四个电机以较慢的速度转动,当光敏传感器检测到合格的光照强度处理器控制电机停止转动有延迟时间,采用微调方式能够避免因转动过快而出现的误差。本实用新型能够支持多种方式来准确跟踪太阳光照强度,更加灵活多变,适用各种不同的发电环境。本实用新型还能够通过H桥电路模块来驱动电机正转、反转和刹车,相较传统的太阳能跟踪控制装置,本实用新型定位更加精准,使得太阳能发电效率更高。When performing solar power generation, four photosensitive sensor processors are respectively arranged on the solar panel to detect the intensity of sunlight. Since most solar panels on the market are square, preferably, the four photosensitive sensors are respectively arranged on the On the vertex, of course, photosensitive sensors can also be arranged on the four sides of the solar panel, all of which detect the intensity of sunlight, so their specific installation positions should not be limited. The photosensitive sensor converts the detected light signal into an electrical signal. When the sunlight changes, the light intensity felt by the four photosensitive sensors is also different, and the processor outputs reference signals to the first comparator, the second comparator, and the second comparator respectively. Three comparators and the fourth comparator, simultaneously four photosensitive sensors also output signals to the first comparator, the second comparator, the third comparator and the fourth comparator, the first comparator, the second comparator , the third comparator and the fourth comparator respectively compare the received signals to determine whether the light intensity of the solar panel reaches a predetermined value, and the processor drives four motors through the H-bridge circuit module according to the detection results to perform Adjust the direction of the solar panel or the angle of the solar panel to the sunlight. The four photosensitive sensors also output signals to the fifth comparator to the tenth comparator respectively, and the fifth comparator to the tenth comparator respectively compare the signals between the photosensitive sensors and output the signal to the processor, and the processor according to the photosensitive The comparison signal between sensors judges the intensity of sunlight, and then drives four motors for fine-tuning through the H-bridge circuit module. Mode setting is carried out through the key input device, and different solar illumination tracking modes are selected. The utility model can compare the detection signals between photosensitive sensors, or compare the detection signals of different photosensitive sensors with the reference signal provided by the processor. , or track the intensity of sunlight by comparing both the photosensitive sensors and the reference signal provided by the processor; for example, the first photosensitive sensor is compared with the detection signal of the fourth photosensitive sensor, or the first photosensitive sensor , the second photosensitive sensor, the third sensor and the fourth sensor are respectively compared with the reference signal of the processor and so on. When you choose the last mode, you can make rough adjustments by judging the light intensity of the four points first, that is, the processor controls the four motors to rotate at a faster speed, so as to save the tracking time of solar energy intensity; Fine-tune the situation, that is, the processor controls the four motors to rotate at a slower speed. When the photosensitive sensor detects the qualified light intensity, the processor controls the motor to stop rotating. There is a delay time. The fine-tuning method can avoid the occurrence of excessive rotation. error. The utility model can support multiple ways to accurately track the intensity of sunlight, is more flexible and changeable, and is applicable to various power generation environments. The utility model can also drive the forward rotation, reverse rotation and braking of the motor through the H-bridge circuit module. Compared with the traditional solar tracking control device, the utility model has more accurate positioning and higher solar power generation efficiency.
以上详细描述了本实用新型的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本实用新型的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本实用新型的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred specific embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the utility model without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the utility model through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims .
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107708226A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-16 | 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 | Power supply circuit, the electric heating appliance of electric heating appliance with low-power load device |
| CN108418525A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-08-17 | 绍兴文理学院 | A photovoltaic panel support assembly |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107708226A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-16 | 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 | Power supply circuit, the electric heating appliance of electric heating appliance with low-power load device |
| CN108418525A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-08-17 | 绍兴文理学院 | A photovoltaic panel support assembly |
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