CN203136509U - Plant cultivation device for supplying nutrient solution based on capillary force - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a plant cultivation device for supplying nutrient solution based on capillary force. Particularly, the plant cultivation device disclosed by the utility model comprises a storage container, a cultivation container and a capillary force infusion belt, wherein the storage container is used for containing water or nutrient solution; and the cultivation container is used for cultivating a plant. The plant cultivation device is easy to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, and suitable for cultivation of horticultural plants such as grapes, and belongs to an efficient cultivation technology, which is water-saving, fertilizer-saving, energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Plant cultivation device for supplying nutrient solution based on capillary force

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of cultivation of agricultural and forestry crops, in particular, the utility model provides a plant cultivation method which uses capillary force to supply nutrient solution. the

Background technique

The irrigation of crops has been using the technology of "watering the ground" since ancient times, that is, water is poured into the soil where the roots of the crops are distributed, and the adsorption force of the soil colloid and the capillary pore force are used to maintain water. The roots of the crops absorb water and dissolve it through contact with it. nutrients in it. Even soilless cultivation (except hydroponics and mist cultivation), which is known as a modern cultivation technique, still delivers nutrient solution and water to the root support medium through drippers, and first moistens the root medium to supply nutrients to crops. Irrigation techniques of "flooding the ground" can lead to under-seepage of irrigation water and surface evaporation. The utilization rate of irrigation water and fertilizer nutrients varies with crop species, soil type and climatic conditions, but is generally around 30%. Therefore, the "watering the ground" irrigation technology will lead to the infiltration waste of irrigation water and fertilizer nutrients, and cause environmental problems such as eutrophication of groundwater and secondary salinization of soil. Even in soilless cultivation, the supply of nutrient solution must be greater than the demand to ensure the normal growth and production capacity of horticultural plants. The ratio of infiltration to irrigation can generally only reach about 15-20:80-85, that is, irrigation water and fertilizer nutrition The utilization rate of the nutrient solution is only about 80-85%, and usually 15-20% of the nutrient solution will be discharged into the greenhouse soil, seriously polluting the greenhouse soil environment. It can be seen that the "watering" type of water and fertilizer supply technology cannot independently supply nutrients and water according to the fertilizer and water demand of horticultural plants, which will cause waste of nutrient solution, pollute the environment, and cannot precisely control the growth of horticultural plants. the

Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a cultivation technique that saves energy and water, has high nutrient utilization, can be precisely regulated, and is environmentally friendly. the

Utility model content

The utility model aims at the defect of the "watering the ground" type supplying nutrient solution technology, and develops a water supply and fertilizer supply method utilizing capillary force. That is to say, the root system, the root soil and the capillary force infusion belt inserted into the root soil are taken as a whole. After the leaves of grapes and other plants lose water through transpiration, the water potential from the leaves to the surface of the root system gradually decreases, and the root system absorbs water from the surrounding soil, causing the surface of the near root to lose water. The water potential of the soil drops, forming a water potential difference between the surface of the root system and the capillary force infusion zone inserted into the root zone soil. It is continuously transferred to the root surface, absorbed by the root system, and then transported up to the leaves. The lower end of the capillary force infusion belt is submerged in the nutrient solution. After the water potential at the upper end of the capillary force infusion belt drops, it will continue to absorb water and nutrients dissolved in it from the lower end. Transport the soil to the root zone. In this cultivation system, plants can independently adjust the amount of water and fertilizer nutrients absorbed according to the amount of transpiration. A float valve is installed in the nutrient solution pool to communicate with the water source, which can automatically replenish water and realize independent and unmanned management of fertilizer and water. And through the simple operation of regularly adding fertilizer to the nutrient solution pool, the nutritional needs of the crops are guaranteed. the

The utility model provides a plant cultivation device, comprising:

A liquid storage container, which is used to hold water or nutrient solution required for plant growth;

A cultivation container, the cultivation container is used for cultivating plants and is arranged to be positioned above or to the side of the liquid storage container, and makes the roots of the cultivated plants not directly contact with the water and nutrient solution in the liquid storage container; and

A capillary force infusion belt, wherein the capillary force infusion belt is configured to have a nutrient solution end located in the liquid storage container and in contact with the water or nutrient solution, and a nutrient solution end located in the cultivation container and contacted with the nutrient solution The root system of a cultivated plant or the plant segment where the root system is in contact with the cultivation medium. the

In the present invention, the capillary force infusion belt is used as a transport medium to transport the nutrient solution from the outside to the root of the plant through the capillary pore force for absorption and utilization by the plant. the

In another preferred example, the cultivation medium contained in the cultivation container includes soil and/or filler. the

In another preferred example, plants have been planted or no plants have been planted in the cultivation container. the

In another preferred example, the capillary force infusion belt includes: an inner core with a capillary pore material, and an outer wrapper for preventing roots from being impaled or entering the inner core. the

In another preferred example, the outer peripheral wrapping sleeve is located on the outer ring of the inner core and wraps around the inner core. the

In another preferred example, the inner core of the capillary force infusion belt is made of non-woven fabric. the

In another preferred example, the outer wrapping of the capillary force infusion belt is a water-permeable cloth or a water-permeable membrane. the

In another preferred example, the material of the wrapping sheath is dense enough to ensure that the root system cannot penetrate or enter the inner core. the

In another preferred example, the outer wrapping sheath of the capillary force infusion belt is made of nylon cloth. the

In another preferred example, one end (plant end) of the capillary force infusion belt is located in the soil where the plant is cultivated, and the other end (nutrient solution end) of the capillary force infusion belt is submerged in the nutrient solution. the

In another preferred embodiment, the system provides driving force through plant transpiration, absorbs nutrient solution through capillary force infusion belt, and regulates the amount of nutrient solution absorbed by the plant through transpiration intensity. the

In another preferred example, the cultivation container has one or more openings for placing one end of the capillary force infusion belt. the

In another preferred example, the opening is located on the side of the cultivation container, and the distance from the bottom edge is smaller than the distance from the upper edge. the

In another preferred example, the distance between the opening and the bottom edge is 0.5-5 cm, preferably 1-2 cm. the

In another preferred example, each cultivation container or each plant corresponds to one or two openings, and the size of the openings is the same or substantially the same as the cross-sectional area of the capillary force infusion belt. the

In another preferred example, the size of the opening of the cultivation container is slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of the capillary force infusion belt. the

In another preferred example, the opening on the cultivation container is located at the center of the bottom, and the opening on the inner side of the bottom protrudes inwards and upwards, and the inner core of the capillary force infusion belt is suspended from the opening into the nutrient solution to absorb nutrients liquid, the wrapping sleeve wrapping the inner core is set on the outside of the corresponding protrusion and can be fastened with ropes. the

In another preferred example, the nutrient solution is contained in the liquid storage container, and the nutrient solution and the plants are isolated from each other by the wall of the liquid storage container, the wall of the cultivation container, or the partition. the

In another preferred example, the liquid storage container can be a plastic box, a plastic box, a pipe, a channel, a water channel, or a combination thereof. the

In another preferred example, the partition or container wall can be made of cement board or plastic board. the

In another preferred example, the liquid storage container is located under the plants. the

In another preferred example, the vertical distance between the nutrient liquid surface and the plant root system is within 5 cm. the

In another preferred example, the components of the nutrient solution include water and nutrient elements dissolved therein for plant growth. the

In another preferred example, the liquid storage container is provided with one or more openings for extending into the capillary force infusion belt; preferably, the openings are located on the side of the liquid storage container and located Above the liquid level in the container, the distance from the upper edge is less than the distance from the bottom edge. the

In another preferred example, the distance from the opening to the upper edge is 0.5-5 cm, preferably 1-2 cm. And the size of the opening is consistent or basically consistent with the size of the cross-sectional area of the capillary force infusion belt. the

In another preferred example, the size of the opening is slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of the capillary force infusion belt. the

In another preferred example, the top cover of the liquid storage container has holes, and the positions of the holes correspond to the positions of the holes at the bottom of the cultivation container. the

In another preferred example, the positions of the openings on the cultivation container and the positions of the openings on the container storing the nutrient solution do not correspond vertically or are staggered up and down, so as to prevent plant roots from extending into the liquid storage container. the

In another preferred example, the liquid storage container is further provided with a liquid replenishment port, and a liquid replenishment device communicating with the liquid replenishment port for replenishing water and/or nutrients. the

In another preferred example, the liquid replenishment device is a pipeline provided with a switch and communicated with the liquid storage container. Preferably, the rehydration device is a plastic bottle or an external pipe that can add nutrient solution once or repeatedly, or a combination thereof. the

In another preferred example, one end (the nutrient solution end) of the capillary force transfusion belt is inserted into the nutrient solution to a depth of ≥3 cm, preferably ≥5 cm. the

In another preferred example, the liquid replenishment device further includes a float valve water stop device for controlling the amount of liquid replenishment. the

In another preferred example, the water level is automatically adjusted through the ball float valve to stabilize the water level of the liquid storage container. the

It should be understood that within the scope of the present utility model, the above-mentioned technical features of the present utility model and the technical features specifically described in the following (such as embodiments) can be combined with each other to form new or preferred technical solutions . Due to space limitations, we will not repeat them here. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the cultivation container of the cultivation system provided by one embodiment of the present invention, wherein, 1 is the cultivation container, 10 is the wall of the cultivation container, and 12 is the opening of the cultivation container wall. the

Fig. 2 has shown the liquid storage container (pool) of the cultivation system that one embodiment of the present invention provides, and wherein, 2 is liquid storage container, and 18 is the device wall of liquid storage container, and 14 is the opening of liquid storage container device wall , 20 is the top cover of the liquid storage container, and 16 is the opening of the top cover of the liquid storage container, which is used to install the liquid replenishing device. the

Fig. 3 shows a liquid replenishment device for a cultivation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 3 is a liquid replenishment device. the

Fig. 4 shows a capillary force infusion belt of a cultivation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 4 is a capillary force infusion belt. the

Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the system setup of the cultivation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: 1 is a cultivation container, 2 is a liquid storage container, 3 is a liquid replenishment device, 4 is a capillary force infusion belt, and 5 is a liquid storage container The nutrient solution in, 6 is plant. the

Detailed ways

After long-term and in-depth research, the present inventor has developed a plant cultivation device for supplying nutrient solution based on capillary force. When the leaves of grapes and other plants lose water through transpiration, the water potential from the leaves to the root surface gradually decreases, and the roots absorb the water in the surrounding soil, causing the water potential of the soil near the root surface to decrease, forming a capillary force infusion zone from the root surface to the soil inserted into the root zone The water potential difference between the capillary force infusion belt, the water rich in the capillary force infusion belt and the nutrients dissolved in it will be continuously transferred from the capillary force infusion belt to the root surface along the water potential difference, and then transported to the leaves after being absorbed by the root system. The lower end of the force infusion belt is submerged in the nutrient solution, and the water potential at the upper end of the capillary force infusion belt will continue to absorb water from the lower end and the nutrients dissolved in it will be transported to the root zone soil. Based on this principle, the inventor has completed the utility model. the

As used herein, the term "container" refers to any object that can be used to store materials such as soil or nutrient solution, representative examples include: plastic boxes, plastic barrels, plastic tanks, water pipes, pipes, canals, or combinations thereof. the

Capillary force infusion belt

The capillary force infusion belt uses the combined action of the suction force between the capillary wall and water molecules and the surface tension of water to transport water or nutrient solution to the plant root system. The capillary force infusion belt is made of an inner core with a capillary pore material and an outer wrapping sheath for wrapping the inner core. the

The inner core is made of a material with capillary pores, such as non-woven fabric. the

The material of the outer peripheral wrapping of the capillary force infusion belt needs to be dense enough to ensure that the roots cannot penetrate or enter the inner core, such as water-permeable fabric or water-permeable membrane. In another preferred example, the outer peripheral wrapping of the capillary force infusion Made of nylon cloth. the

In another preferred example, the capillary force infusion belt can be made by wrapping non-woven fabric strips with nylon cloth. the

cultivation system

In the utility model, the water or nutrient solution used for irrigation is not in direct contact with the cultivated plants, but the nutrient water is transported through the capillary force infusion belt. After the leaves of the plant lose water through transpiration, the water potential from the leaves to the root surface gradually decreases, and the root system absorbs the water in the surrounding soil, causing the water potential of the soil near the root surface to decrease, forming a capillary force infusion zone between the root surface and the soil inserted into the root zone. The water potential difference, the water rich in capillary force infusion belt and the nutrients dissolved in it will be continuously transferred from the capillary force infusion belt to the root surface along the water potential difference, absorbed by the root system and transported to the leaves, capillary force infusion belt The lower end is immersed in the nutrient solution, and after the water potential drops, it will continue to absorb water from the lower end and the nutrient elements dissolved in it will be transported to the root zone soil. During the cultivation process, the amount of irrigation is regulated by the evaporation intensity of the plant, so water and nutrients can be supplied on demand, accurately and independently, thus avoiding poor growth and waste of water or nutrient solution caused by too much or too little irrigation. the

In a preferred example, the water or nutrient solution storage container is separated from the plant root system through a partition or a container wall. Preferably, the material of the partition or container wall can be cement or plastic. In the cultivation of small ornamental plants at home, plexiglass can also be used as a partition or container wall. The liquid storage container can be a plastic box, a plastic box, a pipe, or a combination thereof. the

One end of the capillary force infusion belt is located in the root system of the plant, and the roots of the plant are distributed around the capillary force infusion belt. The other end of the capillary force infusion belt is located in the liquid storage container. the

Preferably, the liquid storage container can be connected with a liquid replenishing device, so as to continuously add water or nutrient solution to maintain a stable liquid level (water level). the

In another preferred example, the rehydration device is a plastic bottle that can be refilled with nutrient solution, or other external water sources with a float stop valve. the

By selecting appropriate cultivation system components, the cultivation method provided by the utility model can be used for non-professional residents to cultivate plants in narrow light spaces such as balconies, and to establish mini orchards, vegetable gardens and gardens on family balconies; Large-scale cultivation, especially suitable for cultivation in facilities and water-saving cultivation in arid areas such as the Northwest Desert. the

Cultivation device for ornamental plant cultivation

Taking Fig. 1 as an example, it is shown in the figure that the center of the sides of a plastic pot (case) such as a plastic pot (case) with a height of 15-20cm and a volume of about 10-20L (hereinafter referred to as a cultivation container) is opened 5cm wide, 0.6-0.8cm high square mouth (hereinafter referred to as the capillary band socket 12), one end of the capillary force infusion belt (length * width * thickness: 50cm * 5cm * 0.5cm) as shown in Figure 4 is worn from the capillary tape socket 12 Put it into the cultivation container, the bottom of the cultivation container is filled with mixed soil with rich capillary porosity to a thickness of 1 cm, the capillary force infusion belt is inserted into the center of the cultivation container from the capillary force water supply belt jack 12 and vertically erected, and the surrounding is filled with rich capillary pores The soil is 2cm below the upper edge of the cultivation container, and grapes and other plants are planted in it, so that the roots are evenly distributed around the capillary force infusion belt. In addition, prepare a plastic basin (case) (hereinafter referred to as a liquid storage container) with a length 8-10 cm longer than the cultivation container as shown in Figure 2 (hereinafter referred to as a liquid storage container), and open it on one side of its long side and about 1.5-2 cm away from the upper edge. 5cm wide, 0.6-0.8cm high square mouth (hereinafter referred to as the capillary band socket 14), the liquid storage container cover is away from the capillary band socket 14 side to open a circular hole with a diameter of 8-10cm (hereinafter referred to as the rehydration bottle jack 16). Inject the nutrient solution into the liquid storage container to about 2cm below the capillary band socket 14. The cultivation container planted with horticultural plants such as grapes is stacked on the liquid storage container, the capillary belt socket 12 of the cultivation container is aligned with the capillary belt socket 14 of the liquid storage container up and down, and the capillary pipe exposed from the cultivation container capillary belt socket 12 The other end of the force transfusion belt is inserted into the capillary band socket 14 of the liquid storage container, so that the capillary force infusion belt is submerged in the nutrient solution in the liquid storage container, and the immersion depth is no less than 5cm, and the nutrient solution (water and The nutrient elements dissolved therein) are transported to the root soil of horticultural plants such as grapes cultivated in the cultivation container for their growth and development. Fill a plastic bottle similar to a coke bottle (hereinafter referred to as a rehydration bottle) as shown in Figure 3 with nutrient solution, open the bottle cap or punch a small hole in the bottle cap, and insert it into the rehydration bottle jack at the other end of the liquid storage container cover. The mouth of the rehydration bottle should be submerged in the liquid level of the nutrient solution in the liquid storage container. When the nutrient solution in the rehydration bottle is completely drained, take out and fill up the nutrient solution, and then insert the rehydration bottle socket on the cover of the liquid storage container again, and the mouth of the bottle should be submerged in the liquid storage container. The liquid level of the nutrient solution inside is sufficient. the

Assemble each component to obtain a cultivation system as shown in Figure 5, in which horticultural plants such as grapes can be continuously cultivated. the

The main advantages of the utility model are:

1) In the cultivation device provided by the utility model, theoretically, no drop of water or nutrient solution will leak out of the system, and the problem of large amount of water leakage and evaporation in the "watering the ground" irrigation method is avoided. More preferably, the cultivation device provided by the utility model can independently absorb water and nutrient elements according to the evaporation strength of the plant and the growth demand, realize accurate on-demand supply and independent supply, and achieve "zero waste of water resources" and "fertilizer nutrition". Zero loss", "zero burden on environmental elements", "accurate and independent supply of fertilizer and water on demand" and "fertilizer and water management saves labor" "three zeros on demand and one province" fertilizer and water supply. the

2) The technology provided by the utility model does not need to invest in manpower and equipment to monitor the moisture and nutritional status of the root soil, and does not need to make complicated decision-making judgments, which can avoid non-professional and inexperienced residents from planting trees, vegetables and flowers. For the problem of excessive or insufficient watering, as long as a float stop valve is installed in the liquid storage container and connected to the water source, even if you are on a long-term business trip, there will be no dryness and death. It is very suitable for non-professional and inexperienced residents. Plant trees (grapes, kumquats, etc.), vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, green vegetables, etc.) and flowers (chrysanthemums, roses) in small light spaces such as balconies, and build mini orchards, vegetable gardens and gardens on the family balcony. It can also be used in large-area facility cultivation of crops. the

The technical solution of the utility model is further described below through specific examples. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. For the experimental methods without specific conditions indicated in the following examples, the conventional conditions or the conditions suggested by the manufacturer are usually followed. Percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated. the

Embodiment 1. Single plant cultivation system 1

1. Components

1) Cultivation container:

As shown in accompanying drawing 1, cultivation container 1 is a plastic box (length * width * height: 39.2cm * 30.5cm * 18.5cm), volume is about 22L. The cultivation container has side walls 10 and a bottom surface (not shown) around it, and a rectangular hole with a length of 5 cm and a width of 0.5 cm is respectively opened at the center of one side of the plastic case apart from the bottom at about 1-2 cm (distance from both sides). Both are 17.1cm) as opening 12, for laying capillary force infusion belt. the

2) Liquid storage container:

As shown in Figure 2, the plastic box (length x width x height: 49.2cm x 30.5cm x 18.5cm) has a volume of about 27.8L. The distance from the long side of the plastic box to one end is 17.1cm and the distance to the top is about 2-3cm. Open a rectangular mouth with a width of 5 cm and a height of 0.5 cm (17.1 cm and 27.1 cm from the two sides) as the opening 14, and open a 10 cm diameter opening within 2 cm in the center of the wide side of the liquid storage container cover. The hole serves as an opening 16 for inserting a rehydration bottle. the

3) Liquid storage bottle:

As shown in accompanying drawing 3, make liquid storage bottle with the plastic bottle of diameter 9cm, volume 1 liter. the

4) Capillary force infusion belt:

As shown in Figure 4, use a dark brown nylon cloth with a length of 52 cm and a width of 11 cm, fold it in half and glue it into a long sleeve bag with a length of 52 cm and a width of 5.5 cm, and insert a strip of non-woven fabric with a length of 50 cm, a width of 5 cm, and a thickness of 0.5 cm. . the

2. Production

The production steps of the cultivation device are as follows: (Take the "Kyoho" grape (V.Ishiharawase×V.Centennial) variety as an example) 

1) Set a capillary force infusion belt in the cultivation container and plant grape vines: spread 2cm thick mixed soil on the bottom of the cultivation container 1 (sandy loam: peat (or vermiculite or coconut or rice bran and other organic materials) = 5:1), Insert the capillary force infusion belt 4 from the capillary belt socket 12 of the cultivation container, pull it horizontally to the center of the cultivation container, and then vertically lift it to the same height position on the upper edge of the cultivation container, fill the cultivation container with the above mixed soil, and place the grapes Move the tree in at the same time, so that the root system is evenly distributed around the capillary force infusion belt, fill the soil until it is 2-3cm away from the upper edge of the cultivation container, fold the upper end of the capillary force infusion belt back down 2-3cm, and compact it with mixed soil to prevent the root system from From the port grow into the capillary force infusion belt. the

2) Liquid storage container injection and liquid replacement bottle setting: inject the nutrient solution made by Hoagland formula or Japanese garden trial formula into the liquid storage container to 2-3cm below the socket 14 of the capillary tube, and the nutrient solution The EC value can be adjusted to 1.0-1.6. After covering the top cover 20 of the liquid storage container, the rehydration bottle 3 (the bottle cap has a circular hole with a diameter of 5 mm) filled with the above-mentioned nutrient solution is inserted upside down into the rehydration bottle jack 16, so that the mouth of the bottle is submerged in the nutrient in the liquid storage container. liquid level. the

3) Installation: as shown in accompanying drawing 5, the cultivation container 1 that is provided with the capillary force infusion belt and is planted with grape vines is placed on the liquid storage container 2 that has been filled with nutrient solution and is provided with the rehydration bottle, so that the cultivation container The capillary belt socket 12 is aligned up and down with the capillary belt socket 14 of the liquid storage container, and the capillary force infusion belt suspended from the capillary belt socket 12 of the cultivation container is inserted into the capillary force infusion belt 14 of the liquid storage container, so that the capillary force infusion belt 4 is submerged in the storage solution At least 5cm in the nutrient solution in the container. Irrigate the mixed soil in the cultivation container with the aforementioned nutrient solution and moisten the capillary force infusion belt, so far the installation is complete. Just place the installed system in a sunny place. When the nutrient solution in the rehydration bottle is about to run out, take out the rehydration bottle, fill it with nutrient solution, and insert it into the circular hole of the liquid storage container cover again to make the rehydration bottle The bottle mouth is submerged in the nutrient liquid level in the liquid storage container. the

Embodiment 2 Single plant cultivation device 2

Repeat Example 1, the difference is that a rectangular hole with a length of 5 cm and a width of 0.5 cm is opened at the center of the bottom of the plastic box used as a cultivation container (about 15.3 cm from the long side, and about 19.6 cm from the short side). A resin plate with a thickness of 0.3 cm and a height of 3 cm is pasted around the rectangular hole at the inside bottom of the cultivation container. Extend the inner core of the capillary force infusion belt from the socket, and cover the film (cloth) of the capillary force infusion belt on the resin board, and fasten it with a thread to prevent the root system from extending in from the gap and along the inner core. Grow into the nutrient solution in the liquid storage container. Open a rectangular opening 5 cm long and 0.5 cm wide at the top of the plastic box used as a liquid storage container at a distance of 15.3 cm from the long side, 19.6 cm from the short side on one side, and 29.6 cm from the short side on the other side. , so that the two holes correspond to each other, and the inner core of the capillary force transfusion belt is stretched into the nutrient solution from the jack. With embodiment 1 planting vines (with " Kyoho " grape (V.Ishiharawase × V.Centennial) kind is example), nutrient solution management is equal to embodiment 1. the

Embodiment 3. Production of large-scale cultivation systems such as crops and trees

Open two rectangular holes with a length of 5 cm and a width of 0.5 cm in the plastic box (length × width × height: 39.2 cm × 30.5 cm × 18.5 cm, volume 22 L) about 1-2 cm from the bottom of the long side (the distance between the center points of the rectangular holes The distance near the side end is 9.8cm, and the distance between the midpoints of the two holes is 19.6cm), as a cultivation container. the

At the top of the plastic pipe (length × width × height = 300cm × 10cm × 10cm rectangular tube, or a diameter of 10cm round tube, volume 30L (rectangular tube) or 23.6L (round tube)) at a distance of 19.6cm to open 5cm A group of long and 0.5cm wide rectangular holes are used as liquid storage containers (the length of the plastic pipe can be adjusted according to the size of the cultivation space). The two ends of the liquid reservoir are sealed, and a hole is opened at the bottom of one end of the liquid reservoir to connect to the water source (the aperture is according to the standard of tap water pipes, preferably 4 or 6 pipes, and the bottom edge of the hole is 1-2cm away from the bottom edge). the

Use another plastic box or stainless steel box (length × width × height: 39.2cm × 30.5cm × 18.5cm, volume 22L) as the container for preparing nutrient solution (nutrient solution preparer), and open a hole at the base of one end of the nutrient solution preparer ( The lower edge of the hole is 1-2cm from the bottom edge), which is used to connect with the liquid storage container. Open a hole in the upper part of the other end of the nutrient solution preparation device (the upper edge of the hole is about 5 cm away from the top edge), and the inside of the box of the hole is connected with a float water stop valve, and the outside of the box is connected with an uninterrupted water source. Adjust the liquid storage container to a level, communicate with the hole at the bottom of one end of the nutrient solution preparer, and adjust the float stop valve so that the liquid level of the nutrient solution preparer and the liquid storage container is lower than the top capillary force of the liquid storage container. The belt insertion port 2 is about 2-3cm to prevent the nutrient solution from overflowing. the

With the method of embodiment 1, after the capillary force water delivery belt is set in the cultivation container, nutrient soil is filled and horticultural crops such as grapes are planted, it is placed in a row above the liquid storage container, and the lower end of the capillary force water delivery belt is inserted into the bottom of the liquid storage container. In the square hole, the nutrient water in the liquid storage container is sucked and transported up to the root zone soil of the plant in the cultivation container for absorption and utilization by the plant. The absorption of plants will cause the liquid level of the liquid storage container and the nutrient solution preparation device to drop, and the sinking of the float stop valve will open the switch, automatically supply water from the water source to the nutrient solution preparation device and the liquid storage container, and maintain the nutrient solution in the liquid storage container Face to the set height (1-2cm from the top capillary force water delivery belt insertion port). According to the requirements for the concentration of nutrient solution and the consumption of nutrient solution for the growth of cultivated plants, calculate the demand for fertilizer nutrition, and regularly dissolve the weighed fertilizer into the nutrient solution preparer. the

The growth experiment of embodiment 4 plants in cultivation system

With the 4-year-old potted "Kyoho" grape (V.Ishiharawase × V.Centennial) variety of the same size as material, cultivate according to the method of Example 1, record the concentration and quantity of the nutrient solution consumed in the 1-year cultivation, and calculate the content of nutrient elements. Input amount (minus the content in the nutrient soil). During the growing season, the branches and leaves pruned in summer and the fruits harvested are collected, dried and preserved. During the dormant period, the tree body after cultivation was decomposed and dried, crushed together with the branches, leaves and dried fruit samples collected during the growing season, and the content of various nutrient elements was determined, and the content of nutrient elements of the same type of tree before the experiment was subtracted as a growth The net uptake of a cycle, compared to the total amount of input, is the fertilizer use efficiency. At the same time, use the same nutrient soil to pile up a cultivation bed with a height of 50 cm and a width of 100 cm, plant the same 4-year-old potted "Kyoho" grapes at a distance of 80 cm, and supply the same concentration of nutrient solution with drip irrigation. For the degree, each plant needs about 4.5L nutrient solution each time, and the critical value of soil water potential for drip irrigation to supply nutrient solution in the fruit expansion stage and mature stage is -50mbar and -130mbar in turn. Both treatments left 5 shoots per plant, and 1 fruit ear per shoot. the

The results are shown in the table below. The utilization rate of a large number of elements treated by the capillary force infusion belt is between 93% and 97%, which is much higher than the utilization rate of the control group of 39% to 45%. The amount of water and macroelements treated by the capillary force infusion belt is only 41%-48% of the drip irrigation treatment, and the effect of saving water and fertilizer is remarkable. the

Table 1 Comparison of utilization rate of nutrient solution supplied by capillary force infusion belt and drip irrigation

Comparative example 1 The plant cultivation test of the relative cultivation system of the cultivation container hole and the liquid storage container hole

Repeat Example 1, the difference is that a square hole with a length of 5 cm and a width of 0.5 cm is opened at the center of the bottom of the plastic box used as a cultivation container (about 15.3 cm from the long side, and about 19.6 cm from the short side). , used for laying capillary force infusion belt; the distance from the top of the plastic box used as a liquid storage container to one side of the long side is 15.3cm, the distance to one short side is 19.6cm, and the distance to the other side is 29.6cm. The square mouth of 5cm wide, 0.5cm high makes two holes correspond to each other, and is used for cultivating grape vines (with " Kyoho " grape (V.Ishiharawase×V.Centennial) variety as example). the

result:

During the cultivation process, after about 1 month, the white roots of the plant began to extend into the liquid storage container along the wall of the capillary force water transport belt. After about 2 months, the white roots began to rot, the growth of branches and leaves of the tree was hindered, and the leaves gradually turned yellow. dead. the

in conclusion

The socket of the capillary force water delivery belt is arranged on the side, which can prevent the root system from penetrating into the liquid storage container. Even if a root system grows from the socket, it can be found in time, and it can be cut off artificially to prevent it from continuing to extend. the

All documents mentioned in this application are incorporated by reference in this application as if each were individually incorporated by reference. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the above teaching content of the utility model, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the utility model, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the application. the

Claims (10)

1. A plant cultivation device, characterized in that, comprising: A liquid storage container, which is used to hold water or nutrient solution required for plant growth; A cultivation container, the cultivation container is used for cultivating plants and is arranged to be positioned above or to the side of the liquid storage container, and makes the roots of the cultivated plants not directly contact with the water and nutrient solution in the liquid storage container; and A capillary force infusion belt, wherein the capillary force infusion belt is configured to have a nutrient solution end located in the liquid storage container and in contact with the water or nutrient solution, and a nutrient solution end located in the cultivation container and contacted with the nutrient solution The root system of a cultivated plant or the plant segment where the root system is in contact with the cultivation medium. the 2 . The cultivation device according to claim 1 , wherein the capillary force infusion belt comprises: an inner core having a capillary pore material, and an outer wrapper for preventing roots from entering or entering the inner core. 3 . the 3 . The cultivation device according to claim 2 , wherein the outer wrapping sleeve is located on the outer ring of the inner core and wraps the inner core. 4 . the 4. The cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the plant end of the capillary force infusion belt is located in the soil for cultivating the plant, and the nutrient solution end of the capillary force infusion belt is submerged in the nutrient solution. the 5. The cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein one or more openings are provided on the cultivation container for placing one end of the capillary force infusion belt. the 6. The cultivation device according to claim 5, wherein the opening is located on a side of the cultivation container, and the distance from the bottom edge is smaller than the distance from the upper edge. the 7 . The cultivation device according to claim 1 , wherein the nutrient solution is contained in the liquid storage container, and the nutrient solution and the plants are isolated from each other by a wall of the liquid storage container, a wall of the cultivation container or a partition. the 8. The cultivation device according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that one or more openings are provided on the liquid storage container for extending into the capillary force infusion belt. the 9. The cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid storage container is further provided with a liquid replenishment port, and a liquid replenishment device connected to the liquid replenishment port for supplementing water and/or nutrients. the 10 . The cultivation device according to claim 9 , wherein the liquid replenishment device further comprises a float valve water stop device for controlling the amount of liquid replenishment. 11 . the

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