Background technology:
In oil drilling and well logging industry, formation resistivity is mainly used to distinguish lithology, divides oil-gas-water layer, carries out stratigraphic section contrast etc.Generally, if the hole stratum is filled with oil, gas, formation resistivity height then, if be filled with water, then formation resistivity is low.
Resistivity logging generally includes metering systems such as induction motor, electromagnetic resistivity, side direction resistivity.Utilize the electromagnetic wave propagation principle with boring electromagnetic resistivity, the emission electromagnetic wave of transmitting coil is received by the receiver of different spacing through after the earth-layer propagation, utilizes the phase difference or the amplitude ratio that receive signal, obtains the resistivity on stratum.Utilize electromagnetic induction principle with boring induction motor, transmitting coil produces alternating current, is inducing eddy current in the stratum around this coil, and eddy current forms the secondary alternating electromagnetic field, utilizes the induced electromotive force that produces in the receiving coil, can obtain formation resistivity.Adopt multi-form electrode with boring side direction resistivity, to stratum emission low-frequency current, according to the voltage and current on the measurement electrode, the calculated resistance rate.
In geologic steering drilling and well logging during, in order to obtain the geological information of drill bit position in real time, in time adjust well track, the control drilling tool runs in the guide the oil reservoir optimum position, usually adopt nearly drill bit measuring technique, measurement mechanism is installed near the drill bit, measures the resistivity on stratum around the probe.Because nearly drill bit resistivity test device is installed on the drilling tool of drill bit top, for example drill collar or power drilling tool etc., except electrode or coil, also relevant circuit, connector and supporting sealing device etc. to be installed, in addition, in order to improve reliability, protectors such as wear-resisting, antidetonation also need be arranged, so installing space is limited.In addition, nearly drill bit resistivity is except Formation Resistivity Measurement, also bed boundary is surveyed, therefore resistivity measurement information and measurement mechanism need be carried out with respect to the relative angle of a certain sign direction related, thereby obtain the azimuthal resistivity metrical information.Therefore, further limited the installing space of measurement mechanism.Because the installing space restriction, nearly drill bit resistivity adopts side direction resistivity measurement mode, the mode that perhaps adopts electromagnetic resistivity to be combined with side direction resistivity usually.
Existing nearly drill bit resistivity logging tool is for the consideration of structure design aspect, for reducing the electrode volume, ignore the contact impedance between electrode or drill collar surface and the drilling fluid usually, in electrode design, do not adopt monitor electrode, make bucking current not be controlled, current focusing effect to the stratum emission is less, after electric current leaves electrode, just begins to disperse gradually, ionization electrode is more far away, electric current is diffusing all the more, thereby causes vertical resolution low, and measurement result is subjected to wellbore effect serious.
On the other hand, the nearly drill bit resistivity logging tool that has is in order to realize current focusing, between main electrode and bucking electrode, install many to monitor electrode and bucking electrode, these monitor electrodes and bucking electrode are with respect to the main electrode symmetric arrays, purpose is to increase the shielding action to the main electrode electric current, realizes current focusing.Owing in nearly drill bit resistivity instrument, except electrode, also relevant circuit, connector etc. will be installed, in addition, in order to improve reliability, protectors such as wear-resisting, antidetonation need be arranged also, increasing of number of electrodes also caused the complexity of Circuits System, protector, the reliability of lowering apparatus.Therefore, the realization difficulty of this mode in nearly drill bit resistivity instrument is bigger.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this utility model is the problem that exists at prior art, provides a kind of with boring the nearly drill bit measurement mechanism of resistivity.This device compared with prior art adopts simple relatively electrode system, measurement mechanism can be installed in the drilling tool small space at nearly drill bit place, by current focusing, improves vertical resolution and certainty of measurement.
The technical solution of the utility model is:
A kind of with boring the nearly drill bit measurement mechanism of resistivity, comprise mainly by power module, the telemetry circuit module, main electrode, bucking electrode, monitor electrode and return electrode form with boring the resistivity measurement system, and this is installed with the matrix that bores the resistivity measurement system, wherein, the telemetry circuit module comprises signal generator, the bucking electrode power amplification, transformer, balance is amplified, frequency-selecting is amplified, the main electrode power amplification, electric current amplifies, A/D, microcontroller, memory and communication interface, it is characterized in that: offer the measuring system mounting groove on the described matrix, telemetry circuit module and power module are placed in the mounting groove; Mounting groove external seal installing electrodes pole plate, electrode pad surface are inlayed bucking electrode, monitor electrode, main electrode are installed, and monitor electrode and main electrode are positioned at bucking electrode inside, between all electrodes, all keep state of insulation between electrode and the electrode pad; Three kinds of electrodes are connected on the telemetry circuit module in the mounting groove by the high pressure sealing joint respectively; Return electrode is inlayed on the drill collar body that is installed in away from electrode pad.
Such scheme also comprises:
Described signal generator adopts high-power radiating circuit, comprising: sinusoidal wave input amplifier, triangular-wave generator, comparator, by two complementary switch drive pipe and low-pass filter circuits that connect.
Described signal generator also comprises the dead band control circuit.
Such scheme further comprises:
Described matrix is centralizer or the drill collar that is connected with drill bit; Electrode lay-out is that a main electrode is positioned at the center, and monitor electrode and bucking electrode are centered around the main electrode periphery.
Matrix and electrode pad all adopt non magnetic hard metal material, inlay the abrasionproof composite sheet around the electrode on electrode pad surface; Insulated by insulation materials between the electrode and between electrode and the electrode pad.
The non magnetic hard metal material that described matrix and electrode pad all adopt comprises tungsten or stainless steel; The abrasionproof composite sheet of inlaying around the described electrode comprises tungsten or diamond; Described insulation materials comprises fluorubber, glass fiber reinforced plastic or epoxy resin.
The beneficial effect that has with the nearly drill bit measurement mechanism of brill resistivity of the present utility model is, by adopting simple relatively electrode system, measurement mechanism can be installed in the drilling tool small space at nearly drill bit place, utilize approximately equalised potential difference between bucking electrode and the monitor electrode, control main electrode voltage constant simultaneously, makes the main electrode electric current to the stratum Vertical Launch, realize current focusing, improve vertical resolution and certainty of measurement.
The specific embodiment:
Now by reference to the accompanying drawings, the utility model specific embodiment is further described.
Fig. 1 is a kind of with boring the schematic diagram of the nearly drill bit measurement mechanism of resistivity in underground work.Ground borer system 1 supports and drives down-hole equipments such as kelly bar 2, drilling rod 3, Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) 4, and it is deep in the well 5.Wherein, Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) 4 comprises drill bit 6, MTR 7, one or more snippets non magnetic drill collar 8.When drilling well, borer system 1 drives whole drilling tool rotation or slides up and down, and drilling fluid is squeezed into the hole at drilling tool center from ground, by the nozzle outflow of drill bit 6, upwards flows from the annular space between drilling tool and the well, carries the landwaste that is cut and returns ground.
Mwd system 9 is installed in the non magnetic drill collar 8; be used for measuring well track states such as hole deviation, orientation, in addition, also be equipped with usually with brill gamma logging instrument 10, with LWD instruments such as brill resistivity logging tools 11; be used for distinguishing the lithology on stratum, determine the oil-gas Layer position.Be interconnected with one another together between these instruments, all metrical informations are transmitted ground by mwd system 9 by modes such as mud-pulse compression wave, electromagnetic waves.
Be installed between MTR 7 and the drill bit 6 with boring the nearly drill bit measurement mechanism 12 of resistivity.Nearly drill bit resistivity focuses on measurement mechanism and is used for Formation Resistivity Measurement, has functions such as measurement, control, data processing, data storage, and communication interface also is provided.Metrical information is given the short pass device that the short pass device is transferred to mwd system 9 by communication interface.The short pass device can adopt the transmission means of multiple maturation, and for example, electromagnetic transmission, sonic transmissions or wire cable transmission are no longer described herein.Because this device more near drill bit, according to its measurement result, can more early be known the information such as lithology, rerum natura on the stratum of boring than the LWD instrument on MTR top, is convenient in time adjust well track, raising oil-gas Layer brill encountering rate is more favourable for geosteering.
In some occasion, Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) does not adopt MTR, and nearly drill bit resistivity focusing this moment measurement mechanism can be installed in special-purpose non magnetic drill collar surface, and special-purpose non magnetic drill collar is installed in drill bit top.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are a kind of with the structural representation that bores the nearly drill bit measurement mechanism of resistivity.Have a measurement mechanism mounting groove on the centralizer surface of power drilling tool, telemetry circuit module and power module are arranged in the measurement mechanism mounting groove, mounting groove is equipped with electrode pad outward, passes through bolt between the two.
The electrode pad surface is inlayed 3 electrodes is installed, be respectively bucking electrode, monitor electrode, main electrode, wherein, monitor electrode is embedded in bucking electrode inside, main electrode is embedded in monitor electrode inside, separated by insulation materials each other between these 3 electrodes, and also separated by insulation materials between they and the electrode pad.Three electrodes are connected in the telemetry circuit module by the high pressure sealing joint respectively.There is sealing ring the electrode pad inside edge, prevents that the liquid in the annular space from entering in the mounting groove, with protection telemetry circuit module.Electrode shape can be circular, also can adopt the electrode of other shapes, for example ellipse, rectangle, square etc., the different different measurement effects of electrode shape generation.In order to improve reliability, insulation materials should be able to be high temperature resistant, wear-resistant, anti-vibration, shock resistance, can adopt fluorubber, glass fiber reinforced plastic, epoxy resin etc.
Electrode pad adopts metal material, as stainless steel, tungsten etc., for improving the abrasion resistance of pole plate, can adopt tungsten.Because the density of tungsten is higher, the whole tungsten that adopts of electrode pad, then weight is bigger; therefore, can adopt stainless steel to make, the composite sheet that damascene tungsten, diamond etc. are made around stainless steel electrode polar board surface, electrode; form wear-resistant belt, guard electrode pole plate and electrode.
On the drill collar body away from electrode pad, to inlay return electrode is installed, this electrode returns terminal point as the electric current of remaining electrode.Distance between return electrode and the electrode pad should not be too near, general investigation depth much larger than electrode.
Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram of control module.The following describes the process that electric field is set up.
Signal generator produces low-frequency sine, after power amplifier amplifies, produces constant pressure source by transformer, to bucking electrode A
1Bucking current I is provided
S, this electric current is returned by return electrode B, has so just set up screen stream electric field.
Because bucking current is set up bucking electrode A
1And there is potential difference V between the monitor electrode M
A1-M, this potential difference V
A1-MAfter balance amplification, frequency-selecting amplification and power amplification, export main electrode A to
0Main electrode A
0Output principal current I
0, radially flow to return electrode B, also flow to monitor electrode M simultaneously, make its current potential V
MRaise, work as V
MBe increased near bucking electrode A
1Current potential V
A1The time, main electrode A
0Current potential V
A0Also near V
A1, V
A1-MReach the design desired value, namely reach balance.
Therefore, said process is actually by the potential difference between bucking electrode and the monitor electrode, for main electrode produces pumping signal, launches principal current by main electrode to the stratum; And the voltage of monitoring monitor electrode, keep monitor electrode to equate with the voltage of bucking electrode, control main electrode voltage constant.
Because bucking electrode A
1And do not have electric current to pass through between the monitor electrode M, bucking current I
SWith principal current I
0Radially flow, return principal current I then through return electrode B
0Form horn-like current field, be not subjected to or be subjected to less shoulder effect.
Since after the electric field balance, V
A0A little more than V
M(be V
A1), then during the Practical Calculation electrical conductivity, usefulness be V
A1Even, I
0A little leaves the borehole wall, does not also influence measurement result.Resistivity is calculated
,
Be instrumental constant, can be by experiment or theoretical formula calculate and try to achieve.Because
, then
Because V
A1Be that design is determined, as long as measure I
0, can try to achieve near the resistivity of the borehole wall.
In order to measure I
0, by main electrode A
0The two ends sample resistance is drawn voltage, after transformer T4 isolates, gives electric current and amplifies, and through after the A/D conversion, gives microcontroller MCU and handles again, obtains I
0, calculate resistivity again.
For avoiding electrode polarization, transmitting is low frequency, but volume of transformer is bigger, is unfavorable for being integrated in the space less in the mounting groove, therefore can suitably improve operating frequency, and frequency range is at 100Hz~10KHz.Signal generator adopts the DDS chip, by microcontroller MCU control, produces needed frequency signal.MCU can adopt single-chip microcomputer or DSP.The telemetry circuit system also comprises memory and communication interface, is used for preserving result, and by communication interface measurement result is passed to mwd system by the short pass device, obtains real-time results.
Fig. 5 is the high-power radiating circuit block diagram of signal generator.For improving the signal to noise ratio of Circuits System, need in the stratum, produce big electric current, radiating circuit must have bigger power.For with boring instrument owing to adopt powered battery, installing space narrow and small, therefore require power amplification circuit the energy utilization efficiency height, to take volume little.Compare other power amplifiers such as category-A, category-B, AB class, the energy utilization efficiency height of D class A amplifier A, useless power consumption is little, and the self-heating amount is low, does not need big heat abstractor, and it is little to take volume, is suitable as the radiating circuit of this instrument.
In Fig. 5, the sine wave that the DDS chip produces inputs to amplifier, after amplifying, compare with high frequency triangle wave or sawtooth waveforms that triangular-wave generator produces, the waveform of comparator output is a square wave that pulse width is different, and its width changes with the amplitude of low-frequency sine signal, and namely will to import the analog signal modulation conversion be switching waveform to comparator, produce a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) signal, this modulation signal is added to power output stage.The D class power amplifier that power output stage is made up of two complementary switch drive pipes that connect, when a driving tube ends, another driving tube saturation conduction, vice versa.Under each state, amplifier is all very little to the consumption of power supply energy.Given the low-pass filter circuit of being formed by L, C by the power output stage amplified pulse signal, restore the sine wave signal of input, obtain power output signal.Output signal feeds back to amplifier input terminal, can detect the situation of change of power supply at output, and by control loop output is adjusted, fluctuation that can offset supply voltage.In addition, because the switch drive pipe is opened or turn-offed and needs certain hour, two all conductings of pipe are during this period of time burnt switching tube and occur leading directly to, and for this reason, adopt dead band control to avoid this phenomenon to take place.