Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that the flow chart that carries out in certain embodiments of the present invention directed resistivity measurement;
Fig. 2 A is depicted as the prior art of transverse annular antenna in the conventional resistivity measurement instrument;
Fig. 2 B, 2C, 2D are depicted as and can radiate or receive the magnetic field cross stream component, carry out the prior art of the antenna embodiment of azimuthal resistivity measurement;
Figure 3 shows that the directed resistivity measurement instrument front view of being furnished with a conventional well logging during system;
Fig. 4 A is depicted as in certain embodiments of the present invention, the phantom drawing with the directed resistivity measurement instrument of line of rabbet joint antenna as shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 4 B is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna shown in Fig. 4 A of AA ';
Fig. 4 C is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna shown in Fig. 4 A of BB ';
Fig. 5 A is depicted as in other embodiments of the invention, is furnished with the directed resistivity measurement instrument of slot antenna and many horizontal lines of rabbet joint;
Fig. 5 B is depicted as the slot antenna sectional drawing along CC ';
Fig. 6 A is depicted as in certain embodiments of the present invention the phantom drawing with the directed resistivity measurement instrument of a pair of transmitter antenna and receiver antenna;
Fig. 6 B is depicted as in other embodiments of the invention, is with a pair of transmitter antenna and receiver antenna, is furnished with the phantom drawing of the directed resistivity measurement instrument of many horizontal lines of rabbet joint;
Fig. 7 A is depicted as the emission Vector Magnetic Field that the transmitter antenna shown in Fig. 6 B generates;
Fig. 7 B is depicted as the radia magnetic field intensity that the transmitter antenna shown in Fig. 6 B forms at aximuthpiston;
Figure 8 shows that in certain embodiments of the present invention the schematic diagram of the directed resistivity measurement instrument in simulation model among running Fig. 6 B is used for the azimuthal sensitivity of showing directed resistivity measurement instrument;
Fig. 9 A is depicted as the simulation result that receiver antenna induced potential imaginary data figure contrasts directed resistivity measurement instrument anglec of rotation model in Fig. 8;
Fig. 9 B is depicted as the simulation result that the real part of induced potential on the receiver antenna contrasts directed resistivity measurement instrument anglec of rotation model;
Figure 10 shows that receiver antenna induced potential amplitude data figure contrasts the simulation result of resistivity interface distance model in Fig. 8.
The specific embodiment
Also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Fig. 1 represents in certain embodiments of the present invention, carries out the exemplary flow chart of directed resistivity measurement 1000.Step comprises:
1002: rotation resistivity survey tool in well;
1004: send electromagnetic signal by the first slot antenna that is configured on the resistivity measurement instrument;
1006: receive and send electromagnetic signal by the second slot antenna that is configured on the resistivity measurement instrument;
1008: the sine wave of induced potential on the second slot antenna in the swing circle of acquisition resistivity measurement instrument;
1010: the directional information of deriving a certain stratigraphic boundary;
1012: peak amplitude, valley amplitude and the anglec of rotation of induced potential on interior second slot antenna of a swing circle of acquisition resistivity measurement instrument;
1014: distance and the directional information of deriving the stratigraphic boundary.
In certain embodiments, described second slot antenna of described first slot antenna of internally charged line and internally charged line is placed on recess on the resistivity measurement tool exterior surface.
In certain embodiments, will be connected with the headwall of recess after the described electric wire energising, the center conductor of coaxial connector is positioned at the other end of recess, produces magnetic field as magnetic dipole.
In certain embodiments, coaxial connector can couple together electric wire and a certain circuit of recess, is used for transmitting, and can be placed in recess outside and resistivity measurement tool exterior surface below.
At any time, all must not limit the present invention in any specific step order or require any specific step among Fig. 1.
In correlation technique, directed resistivity measurement generally includes emission and/or receives laterally (x-type or y-type) or mixed type (such as mixing x-and z-type) electromagnetic wave.In carrying out this type of measurement, can adopt various types of antenna configurations, such as, horizontal line antenna configuration shown in Fig. 2 A (x-type), dual planar antennas configuration shown in Fig. 2 B, saddle type antenna configuration shown in Fig. 2 C (x-type and z-type, and the inclined antenna shown in Fig. 2 D mixed type).The indicated perpendicular direction of the magnetic moment of the horizontal antenna among Fig. 2 A is furnished with Longitudinal Antenna in the longitudinal axis of directed resistivity measurement instrument on it.The cross stream component in magnetic field can be launched or receive to dual planar antennas, saddle type antenna and inclined antenna configuration shown in Fig. 2 B, 2C and 2D, carry out azimuthal resistivity and measure.
As mentioned above, although directed resistivity measurement instrument has been widely used in business activity, still need to be configured in the improvement version antenna in the directed resistivity measurement instrument.Also need to be with easy configuration, can easily be placed in the improvement version antenna in the directed resistivity measurement instrument.The improvement version antenna that also needs economy and produce easily.
Figure 3 shows that the front view of being furnished with in certain embodiments of the present invention conventional well logging during system 200 directed resistivity measurement instruments 212.Routine well logging during system 200 comprises rig 202, drill string 206, drill bit 210 and directed resistivity measurement instrument 212.Drill string 206 under the support of rig 202, can extend into the well 208 from surface 204.Drill string 206 can be with drill bit 210 and directed resistivity measurement instrument 212, carries out the geological characteristics on stratum and measure in drilling process.
In certain embodiments, drill string 206 also comprises mud-pressure-pulse telemetry system, drilling motor, measuring transducer, such as nuclear logging instrument and azimuth sensor, and such as accelerometer, gyroscope or magnetometer, the measurement on stratum around accelerating.Certainly, drill string 206 can be combined with crane gear, is used for lifting or putting down drill string 206.
In the present invention, directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 not only can be used in well logging during system (" LWD ", Logging While Drilling) in, also can be applied in measurement-while-drilling system (" MWD ", Measure While Drilling) and the well testing application.Certainly, directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 also can use under any drilling environment, on the bank or the coastal waters, also can use with various offshore boring island, includes but not limited to fix, floating and semi-submerged platform.
Fig. 4 A is depicted as in certain embodiments of the present invention the phantom drawing of directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 as shown in Figure 3.Directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 can comprise configuration slot antenna 302 thereon.
Fig. 4 B is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna shown in Fig. 4 A 302 of AA '.Slot antenna 302 can comprise the recess 304 that forms on directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 external surfaces, is with an electric wire 306 to be placed in the inside.Can be with the headwall 308 of recess 304 after electric wire 306 energisings, the center conductor of the coaxial connector 310 of recess 304 other ends.Coaxial connector 310 can couple together the electric wire 306 of 304 li of recesses with circuit chamber 312, can be placed in below recess 304 outsides and directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 external surfaces 300.Transmitter and receiver circuit can be mixed in circuit chamber 312, for the treatment of electromagnetic signal to be launched or that receive.
In certain embodiments, slot antenna 302 not only can be parallel to tool axis, also can be along other direction, and such as perpendicular to tool axis or be positioned at any angle of tool axis.
In certain embodiments, permeability magnetic material 314 can be filled in 304 li of recesses, strengthens slot antenna 302 and transmits and receives ability.Material 314 can be magnetic material, can be placed between center line and the notched bottoms.Magnetic material can but be not limited to Ferrite Material, nonconducting magnetic alloy, iron powder and dilval.
In certain embodiments, protective materials 316 can be filled in 304 li of recesses.Protective materials 316 can for the protection of slot antenna 302, prevent in drilling process damaged.Protective materials can but be not limited to epoxy resin, can be placed on above the permeability magnetic material.
Fig. 4 C is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna shown in Fig. 4 A 302 of BB '.The shape of recess 304 can be varied, such as circle, rectangle or any other shape.
Fig. 5 A is depicted as the directed resistivity measurement instrument of being furnished with in other embodiments of the invention a slot antenna 302 and many horizontal lines of rabbet joint 402.Many horizontal lines of rabbet joint 402 can be on the external surface 300 of directed resistivity measurement instrument 212, across recess 304, increases the magnetic region of the depression of directed resistivity measurement instrument 212/thoroughly.Like that, can strengthen the efficient that transmits and receives of slot antenna 302.
Fig. 5 B is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna 302 of CC '.The shape of recess 402 can be varied, such as circle, rectangle, ellipse or any other shape.
Fig. 6 A is depicted as in certain embodiments of the present invention, with the phantom drawing of the directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 of a pair of transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502.Transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502 can be placed on the directed resistivity measurement instrument 212, are configured to slot antenna 302, shown in Fig. 4 A, 4B and 4C.The direction of transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502 can be parallel to the longitudinal axis of directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 substantially, each other the axial distance in interval.According to principle of reciprocity, every strip antenna needs only with suitable emitter or receiver circuit and couples together, and namely can be used as transmitter antenna or receiver antenna.
Fig. 6 B is depicted as in certain embodiments of the present invention, with the phantom drawing of the directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 of a pair of transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502, can mix many horizontal lines of rabbet joint 402.The line of rabbet joint 402 strengthens the ability that transmits and receives of transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502, shown in Fig. 5 A and 5B.
At any time, all must not limit the present invention in any special geometric figure, the quantity of this type of slot antenna and the line of rabbet joint also must not limit to some extent.
In certain embodiments, transmitter antenna 500 or receiver antenna 502 can be replaced with the antenna of other any type/shape.
Fig. 7 A is depicted as the emission Vector Magnetic Field that the transmitter antenna 500 shown in Fig. 6 B produces.Many arrows 600 can be indicated the polarity in magnetic field.Zone 602, namely dotted line is irised out next area, the polarity of the magnetic field of indication transmitter antenna 500 fronts, its axle is in the x-direction.The arrow 600 that the zone is 602 li can indicate the magnetic field of transmitter antenna 500 fronts almost along the azimuth direction polarization, and simulation y-is to the magnetic field of magnetic dipole.According to principle of reciprocity, it is more responsive that corresponding 502 pairs of receiver antennas appear at the bed boundary of angle 604 the insides in 602 li in zone.
Fig. 7 B is depicted as the radia magnetic field intensity that the transmitter antenna 500 shown in Fig. 6 B generates under aximuthpiston.The energy that can indicate most of electromagnetic signal is launched from transmitter antenna 500 (positive x to) along the dead ahead of 604 li of angles.In view of the magnetic field polarization type among Fig. 7 A and the 7B and radiant energy type, can draw to draw a conclusion: slot antenna configuration in certain embodiments of the present invention is applicable to directed resistivity measurement.
In the operating process, transmitter antenna 500 and the receiver antenna 502 of being furnished with slot antenna can be used as magnetic dipole, the transmitting/receiving electromagnetic signal.Therefore, slot antenna 302 also can be described as line of rabbet joint magnetic-dipole antenna.In drilling process, when directed resistivity measurement instrument during near the resistivity interface, the induced potential on the receiver antenna 502 can reflect whether there is this interface (by the variation of amplitude fading and phase shift), such as prior art.In addition, the sinusoidal variations of receiver antenna 502 induced potentials when 212 rotation of directed resistivity measurement instrument can be indicated the direction at resistivity interface, because almost polarize along azimuth direction with the magnetic field of the antenna front of line of rabbet joint antenna configuration.
Figure 8 shows that in certain embodiments of the present invention, the schematic diagram that directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 shown in Fig. 6 B operates in simulation model 700, for the azimuthal sensitivity of showing directed resistivity measurement instrument 212, Fig. 9 A, 9B and 10 are depicted as the simulation result of model 700 among Fig. 8.In Fig. 8, model 700 can comprise a 3D cube, is divided into two parts by vertical resistivity interface 706.The resistivity of left-hand component 702 is 10 ohm-Mi, and the resistivity on the right 704 is 1 ohm-Mi.Directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 can comprise 702 parts the inside, the left side, and towards the positive x direction rotation at resistivity interface 706.
Fig. 9 A is depicted as the simulation result that receiver antenna 502 induced potential imaginary data figure contrast directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 anglecs of rotation model 700 in Fig. 8.The real part that Fig. 9 B is depicted as induced potential on the receiver antenna 502 contrasts the simulation result of directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 anglecs of rotation model 700 in Fig. 8.Fig. 9 A and 9B are depicted as when directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 during near resistivity interface (5 feet) 706, and the imaginary part of the induced potential on the receiver antenna 502 and real part begin the anglec of rotation generation sinusoidal variations along directed resistivity measurement instrument 212.Like that, can identify resistivity interface 706 whether along the direction (positive x direction) of front, appear on the path of directed resistivity measurement instrument 212.
Figure 10 shows that receiver antenna 502 induced potential amplitude data figure contrast the simulation result of resistivity interface 706 distances model 700 in Fig. 8.According to Figure 10, directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 is the closer to resistivity interface 706, and the induced potential amplitude that then reacts on receiver antenna 502 is larger.In fact, the distance between receiver antenna 502 and the resistivity interface 706 can derive out, as function (" ceiling voltage ", " V of the induced potential amplitude that records on the receiver antenna 502
Max") is adjacent to layer resistivity (" R
1, R
2"), dielectric constant (" ε
1, ε
2"), and permeability (" μ
1, μ
2") is as follows.
d=f(V
max,R
1,R
2,ε
1,ε
2,μ
1,μ
2) (1)
In low frequency and nonmagnetic stratum, the resistivity on stratum is played the part of leading position in determining frontier distance on every side.Equation (1) can be reduced to equation (2).
d=f(V
max,R
1,R
2) (2)
Can be in advance for ceiling voltage be adjacent to layer resistivity, set up a three-dimensional and check table by carry out forward modeling 212 li of directed resistivity measurement instruments, improve the efficient of orientation survey.Forward model can be sensor and provide a whole set of mathematical relationship under varying environment and different electrical property.The ceiling voltage that receiver antenna 502 records can be used as the input data that three-dimensional is checked table, directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 to the distance between the resistivity interface 706 can by known or derive out around bottom resistivity generate, can be based upon in advance in the form or from the equipment that other and directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 are coupled, record.
As implied above, the sinusoidal variations induced potential on the receiver antenna 502 can be used as the designation data of stratum electrical characteristics on every side, includes but not limited to apart from the distance at resistivity interface 706 and the direction at resistivity interface 706.Therefore, have azimuthal sensitivity with the directed resistivity measurement instrument 212 of line of rabbet joint antenna configuration, can make direction for follow-up drilling well.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, above-mentioned each module of the present invention or each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on the single calculation element, perhaps be distributed on the network that a plurality of calculation elements form, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of calculation element, thereby, they can be stored in the storage device and be carried out by calculation element, perhaps they are made into respectively each integrated circuit modules, perhaps a plurality of modules in them or step are made into the single integrated circuit module and realize.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.The software class invention can have this section words, otherwise deletion.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.