CN103670387A - Stratum directional electrical resistivity measuring method and device - Google Patents
Stratum directional electrical resistivity measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103670387A CN103670387A CN201310680966.XA CN201310680966A CN103670387A CN 103670387 A CN103670387 A CN 103670387A CN 201310680966 A CN201310680966 A CN 201310680966A CN 103670387 A CN103670387 A CN 103670387A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geological prospecting, in particular to a stratum directional electrical resistivity measuring method and device. The method comprises the steps of rotating an electrical resistivity measuring tool in a well hole, emitting electromagnetic signals through a first groove antenna arranged on the electrical resistivity measuring tool, receiving the electromagnetic signals from a second groove antenna placed on the electrical resistivity measuring tool, acquiring the sine wave of induced voltages of the second groove antenna in one rotation period of the electrical resistivity measuring tool, deducing the direction information of a stratigraphical boundary, acquiring the peak value amplitude and the valley value amplitude of the induced voltages and the rotating angle of the induced voltages on the second groove antenna in one rotation period of the electrical resistivity measuring tool, and deducing the distance and the direction information of the stratigraphical boundary. According to the stratum directional electrical resistivity measuring method and device, the operating steps are simple and effective, compared with the prior art, the purposes of being more economical and easier to produce are achieved, and the technical level is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geological exploration techniques field, directed method of measuring resistivity and device in particular to a kind of stratum.
Background technology
In petroleum industry field, the method for well-known use electric measurement method collection down-hole information has multiple, as well logging during (" LWD "), and measurement while drilling (" MWD ").This type of technology is used for obtaining formation resistivity (or electrical conductivity already; Term " resistivity " and " electrical conductivity ", but in the present invention can be general) and various petrophysical model (as Archie law), to help the petrophysical property of determining stratum and corresponding fluids.In the prior art, resistivity is to determine the important parameter of oil gas (as crude oil or natural gas) and water content in porous stratum.Allow well bore keep oil-producing formation (hydrocarbon bearing formation) inner, to improve as far as possible to greatest extent recovery ratio as far as possible.
Development along with modern drilling technology and logging technique, horizontal drilling, be drilling well and geological stratification at least at angle, more and more general, because it can improve the length of exposure of oil-producing formation (hydrocarbon bearing formation), inner farthest well bore is remained on to oil-producing formation (hydrocarbon bearing formation), improve as far as possible to greatest extent recovery ratio.Therefore it is necessary that the directed resistivity measuring instrument that, possesses azimuthal sensitivity is that rear follow-up hole turns to.Turn to the decision can be according to stratum Boundary Recognition measurement result, angle, stratum be detected and fracture characteristics is made.
Directed resistivity measurement generally includes transmitting and/or receives laterally (x-type or y-type) or mixed type (such as mixing x-and z-type) electromagnetic wave.In carrying out this type of measurement, can adopt various types of antenna configurations, such as horizontal line antenna configuration (x-type) as shown in Figure 1A, dual planar antennas configuration as shown in Figure 1B, saddle type antenna configuration as shown in Figure 1 C (x-type and z-type, mixed type), the inclined antenna and as shown in Fig. 1 D.The indicated direction of the magnetic moment of the horizontal antenna in Figure 1A, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of directed resistivity measuring instrument, is furnished with Longitudinal Antenna on it.The cross stream component in magnetic field can be launched or receive to dual planar antennas, saddle type antenna and inclined antenna configuration, as shown in Figure 1B, 1C and 1D,, carry out azimuthal resistivity measurement.
As mentioned above, although directed resistivity measuring instrument by commercial use, the precision of these measuring instruments is not high, operating distance is short, still needs the antenna configuration of resistivity measuring instrument to improve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the directed method of measuring resistivity in a kind of stratum and device, not high to solve the precision of current measuring instrument, the problem that operating distance is short.
Magnetic-dipole antenna is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, has been configured in the resistivity measuring instrument with longitudinal axis and external surface, having comprised:
The recess forming at resistivity measuring instrument external surface, be configured in the coaxial connector of resistivity measuring instrument external surface below, and be placed in the electric wire in recess, after energising, be connected with the headwall of recess, the coaxial connector center conductor of the recess other end, recess and electric wire form magnetic dipole, transmitting or receiving electromagnetic signals.
In an embodiment, magnetic-dipole antenna also comprises the permeability magnetic material being filled in recess therein.
In an embodiment, permeability magnetic material is magnetic material therein, for strengthening transmitting and receiving of magnetic dipole.
In an embodiment, magnetic material is selected from the material group of contain ferrite material, nonconducting magnetic alloy, iron powder and dilval therein.
In an embodiment, magnetic-dipole antenna also comprises the protective materials that is filled in recess therein.
In other embodiments, protective materials is epoxy resin.
In other embodiments, recess is circular.
In other embodiments, recess is rectangle.
In other embodiments, magnetic-dipole antenna is also included in resistivity measuring instrument surface and forms, and across many grooves of recess, for strengthening transmitting and receiving of electromagnetic signal.
In other embodiments, groove is oval.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of device for the resistivity measurement of Ding County, stratum, comprising:
Resistivity measuring instrument with longitudinal axis and external surface, at resistivity measuring instrument external surface, form, and many gaps that are parallel to substantially resistivity measuring instrument longitudinal axis, and be placed on many electric wires in gap, after energising, be connected with the end wall in gap, form magnetic-dipole antenna, magnetic-dipole antenna forms at least one transmitter-receiver antenna sets, for carrying out transmitting and receiving of electromagnetic signal.
In an embodiment, this device also comprises a coaxial connector therein, electric wire and circuit is coupled together, for the treatment of electromagnetic signal to be launched or that receive.
Therein in an embodiment, this device is also included in resistivity measuring instrument surface and forms, and across many grooves of recess, for strengthening transmitting and receiving of electromagnetic signal.
In an embodiment, described groove is the gap of crosscut resistivity measuring instrument substantially therein.
In other embodiments, this device also comprises the permeability magnetic material being filled in gap.
In other embodiments, this device also comprises the protective materials being filled in gap.
The above-mentioned device for the directed resistivity measurement in stratum of the present invention, due to a kind of magnetic-dipole antenna and device based on this antenna of easy operating simple in structure being provided, compared to existing technology, precision is higher, and operating distance is wider.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is depicted as the prior art of transverse annular antenna in conventional resistivity measuring instrument;
Figure 1B, 1C, 1D are depicted as and can radiate or receive magnetic field cross stream component, carry out the prior art of the antenna embodiment of azimuthal resistivity measurement;
Figure 2 shows that the directed resistivity measuring instrument front view of being furnished with a conventional well logging during system;
Fig. 3 A is depicted as in one of them embodiment of the present invention, the phantom drawing of the directed resistivity measuring instrument with slot antenna as shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 3 B is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna as shown in Figure 3A of AA ';
Fig. 3 C is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna as shown in Figure 3A of BB ';
Fig. 4 A is depicted as in other embodiments of the invention, is furnished with the directed resistivity measuring instrument of slot antenna and many transverse slots;
Fig. 4 B is depicted as the slot antenna sectional drawing along CC ';
Fig. 5 A is depicted as in one of them embodiment of the present invention the phantom drawing with the directed resistivity measuring instrument of a pair of transmitter antenna and receiver antenna;
Fig. 5 B is depicted as in other embodiments of the invention, is with a pair of transmitter antenna and receiver antenna, is furnished with the phantom drawing of the directed resistivity measuring instrument of many transverse slots;
Fig. 6 A is depicted as the transmitting Vector Magnetic Field that transmitter antenna as shown in Figure 5 B generates;
Fig. 6 B is depicted as the radia magnetic field intensity that transmitter antenna as shown in Figure 5 B forms on aximuthpiston;
Figure 7 shows that in one of them embodiment of the present invention, in simulation model, operate the schematic diagram of the directed resistivity measuring instrument in Fig. 5 B, for showing the azimuthal sensitivity of directed resistivity measuring instrument;
Fig. 8 A is depicted as the simulation result that receiver antenna induced potential imaginary data figure contrasts the model of the directed resistivity measuring instrument anglec of rotation in Fig. 7;
Fig. 8 B is depicted as the simulation result that the real part of induced potential on receiver antenna contrasts directed resistivity measuring instrument anglec of rotation model;
Figure 9 shows that receiver antenna induced potential amplitude data figure contrasts the simulation result of the model of resistivity interface distance in Fig. 7;
Figure 10 shows that the flow chart that carries out directed resistivity measurement in one of them embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.
Figure 2 shows that the front view of being furnished with a directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 of conventional well logging during system 200 in one of them embodiment of the present invention.Conventional well logging during system 200 comprises rig 202, drill string 206, drill bit 210 and directed resistivity measuring instrument 212.Drill string 206, under the support of rig 202, can extend into well 208 from surface 204.Drill string 206 can be with drill bit 210 and directed resistivity measuring instrument 212, carries out the geological characteristics on stratum and measure in drilling process.
In an embodiment, drill string 206 also comprises mud-pressure-pulse telemetry system, drilling motor, measuring transducer therein, such as nuclear logging instrument and azimuth sensor, such as accelerometer, gyroscope or magnetometer, accelerates the measurement on stratum around.Certainly, drill string 206 can be combined with crane gear, for lifting or put down drill string 206.
In the present invention, directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 not only can be used in well logging during system (" LWD ", Logging While Drilling), in, also can be applied in measurement-while-drilling system (" MWD ", Measure While Drilling) and well testing application.Certainly, directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 also can be used under any drilling environment, on the bank or coastal waters, also can use together with various offshore boring island, includes but not limited to fix, floating and semi-submerged platform.
Fig. 3 A is depicted as in one of them embodiment of the present invention the phantom drawing of directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 as shown in Figure 2.Directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 can comprise configuration slot antenna 302 thereon.
Fig. 3 B is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna as shown in Figure 3A 302 of AA '.Slot antenna 302 can comprise the recess 304 forming on directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 external surfaces, is with an electric wire 306 to be placed in the inside.Can be by the headwall of recess 304 308 after electric wire 306 energisings, the center conductor of the coaxial connector 310 of recess 304 other ends.Coaxial connector 310 can couple together the electric wire of 304 li of recesses 306 and circuit chamber 312, can be placed in below recess 304 outsides and directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 external surfaces 300.Transmitter and receiver circuit can be mixed in circuit chamber 312, for the treatment of electromagnetic signal to be launched or that receive.
In an embodiment, slot antenna 302 not only can be parallel to measuring instrument axis therein, also can be along other direction, and such as perpendicular to measuring instrument axis or be positioned at any angle of measuring instrument axis.
In an embodiment, permeability magnetic material 314 can be filled in 304 li of recesses therein, strengthens slot antenna 302 and transmits and receives ability.Permeability magnetic material 314 can be magnetic material, can be placed between center line and notched bottoms.Magnetic material can be, but not limited to Ferrite Material, nonconducting magnetic alloy, iron powder and dilval.
In an embodiment, protective materials 316 can be filled in 304 li of recesses therein.Protective materials 316 can, for the protection of slot antenna 302, prevent in drilling process damaged.Protective materials can be, but not limited to epoxy resin, can be placed on above permeability magnetic material.
Fig. 3 C is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna as shown in Figure 3A 302 of BB '.The shape of recess 304 can be varied, such as circle, rectangle or any other shape.
Fig. 4 A is depicted as the directed resistivity measuring instrument of being furnished with in other embodiments of the invention a slot antenna 302 and many transverse slots 402.Many transverse slot 402 can, on the external surface 300 of directed resistivity measuring instrument 212, across recess 304, increase the depression/saturating magnetic region of directed resistivity measuring instrument 212.Like that, can strengthen the efficiency that transmits and receives of slot antenna 302.
Fig. 4 B is depicted as along the sectional drawing of the slot antenna 302 of CC '.The shape of recess 402 can be varied, such as circle, rectangle, ellipse or any other shape.
Fig. 5 A is depicted as in one of them embodiment of the present invention, with the phantom drawing of the directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 of a pair of transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502.Transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502 can be placed on directed resistivity measuring instrument 212, are configured to slot antenna 302, as shown in Fig. 3 A, 3B and 3C.The direction of transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502 can be parallel to the longitudinal axis of directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 substantially, each other one, interval axial distance.According to principle of reciprocity, every strip antenna, as long as couple together with suitable emitter or receiver circuit, can be used as transmitter antenna or receiver antenna.
Fig. 5 B is depicted as in one of them embodiment of the present invention, with the phantom drawing of the directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 of a pair of transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502, can mix many transverse slots 402.Transverse slot 402 strengthens the ability that transmits and receives of transmitter antenna 500 and receiver antenna 502, as shown in Fig. 4 A and 4B.
At any time, all must not limit the present invention in any special geometric figure, the quantity in this type of slot antenna and gap also must not limit to some extent.
In an embodiment, transmitter antenna 500 or receiver antenna 502 can be replaced with the antenna of other any type/shape therein.
Fig. 6 A is depicted as the transmitting Vector Magnetic Field that transmitter antenna 500 as shown in Figure 5 B produces.Many arrows 600 can be indicated the polarity in magnetic field.Region 602, dotted line is irised out next area, indication transmitter antenna 500 polarity of the magnetic field above, its axle is in the x-direction.Many arrows 600 that region is 602 li can indicate transmitter antenna 500 magnetic field above almost along azimuth direction polarization, and simulation y-is to the magnetic field of magnetic dipole.According to principle of reciprocity, it is more responsive that corresponding 502 pairs of receiver antennas appear at the bed boundary of angle 604 the insides in 602 li, region.
Fig. 6 B is depicted as the radia magnetic field intensity that transmitter antenna 500 as shown in Figure 5 B generates under aximuthpiston.The energy that can indicate most of electromagnetic signal is launched along the dead ahead of 604 li of angles from transmitter antenna 500 (positive x to).In view of the magnetic field polarization type in Fig. 6 A and 6B and radiant energy type, can draw to draw a conclusion: the slot antenna configuration in one of them embodiment of the present invention is applicable to directed resistivity measurement.
In operating process, transmitter antenna 500 and the receiver antenna 502 of being furnished with slot antenna can be used as magnetic dipole, transmitting/receiving electromagnetic signal.Therefore, slot antenna 302 also can be described as gap magnetic-dipole antenna.In drilling process, when directed resistivity measuring instrument approaches resistivity interface, the induced potential on receiver antenna 502 can reflect whether there is this interface (by the variation of amplitude fading and phase shift), as prior art.In addition, the sinusoidal variations of receiver antenna 502 induced potentials when directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 rotation can be indicated the direction at resistivity interface, because almost polarize along azimuth direction with the magnetic field before the antenna of gap antenna configuration.
Figure 7 shows that in one of them embodiment of the present invention, the directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 of operation in simulation model 700, as shown in Figure 5 B, for showing the azimuthal sensitivity of directed resistivity measuring instrument 212, Fig. 8 A, 8B and 9 are depicted as the simulation result of model 700 in Fig. 7.In Fig. 7, model 700 can comprise a 3D cube, by vertical resistivity interface 706, is divided into two parts.The resistivity of left-hand component 702 is 10 ohm-meter, and the resistivity on the right 704 is 1 ohm-meter.Directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 can be included in left-hand component 702 the insides, and towards the positive x direction rotation at resistivity interface 706.
Fig. 8 A is depicted as, and receiver antenna 502 induced potential imaginary data figure contrast the simulation result of the model 700 of directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 anglecs of rotation in Fig. 7.Fig. 8 B is depicted as, and on receiver antenna 502, the real part of induced potential contrasts the simulation result of directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 anglecs of rotation model 700 in Fig. 7.Fig. 8 A and 8B are depicted as when directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 is during near resistivity interface (5 feet) 706, and the imaginary part of the induced potential on receiver antenna 502 and real part start the anglec of rotation generation sinusoidal variations along directed resistivity measuring instrument 212.Like that, can identify resistivity interface 706 whether along direction (positive x direction) above, appear on the path of directed resistivity measuring instrument 212.
Figure 9 shows that in Fig. 7, receiver antenna 502 induced potential amplitude data figure contrast the simulation result of the model 700 of resistivity interface 706 distances.According to Fig. 9, directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 is the closer to resistivity interface 706, and the induced potential amplitude reacting on receiver antenna 502 is larger.In fact, distance between receiver antenna 502 and resistivity interface 706 can be derived, function (" ceiling voltage " as the induced potential amplitude recording on receiver antenna 502, " Vmax "), be adjacent to layer resistivity (" R1, R2 "), dielectric constant (" ε 1; ε 2 "), and permeability (" μ 1, μ 2, and ") is as follows.
d=f(Vmax,R1,R2,ε1,ε2,μ1,μ2)(1)
In low frequency and nonmagnetic stratum, around the resistivity on stratum is played the part of leading position in determining frontier distance.Equation (1) can be reduced to equation (2).
d=f(Vmax,R1,R2)(2)
Can be in advance for ceiling voltage be adjacent to layer resistivity, by carry out forward modeling 212 li of directed resistivity measuring instruments, set up a three-dimensional and check table, improve the efficiency of orientation survey.Forward model can be sensor and provide a whole set of mathematical relationship under varying environment and different electrical property.The ceiling voltage that receiver antenna 502 records can be used as the input data that three-dimensional is checked table, directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 can generate by surrounding known or that derive bottom resistivity to the distance between resistivity interface 706, can be based upon in advance in form or record from the equipment that other and directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 are coupled.
As implied above, the sinusoidal variations induced potential on receiver antenna 502 can be used as the designation data of stratum electrical characteristics around, includes but not limited to apart from the distance at resistivity interface 706 and the direction at resistivity interface 706.Therefore, with the directed resistivity measuring instrument 212 of gap antenna configuration, there is azimuthal sensitivity, can make direction for follow-up drilling well.
Figure 10 is illustrated in one of them embodiment of the present invention, the exemplary flow chart of carrying out directed resistivity measurement 1000.Step comprises:
1002: in well, rotate resistivity measuring instrument;
1004: by the first slot antenna being configured on resistivity measuring instrument, send electromagnetic signal;
1006: receive and send electromagnetic signal by the second slot antenna being configured on resistivity measuring instrument;
1008: the sine wave of induced potential on the second slot antenna in a swing circle of acquisition resistivity measuring instrument;
1010: the directional information of deriving a certain stratigraphic boundary;
1012: peak amplitude and valley amplitude and the anglec of rotation of induced potential on interior second slot antenna of a swing circle of acquisition resistivity measuring instrument;
1014: distance and the directional information of deriving stratigraphic boundary.
In an embodiment, described second slot antenna of described first slot antenna of internally charged line and internally charged line is placed on to the recess on resistivity measuring instrument external surface therein.
In an embodiment, will after described electric wire energising, be connected with the headwall of recess therein, the center conductor of coaxial connector is positioned at the other end of recess, as magnetic dipole, produces magnetic field.
In an embodiment, coaxial connector can couple together the electric wire of recess and a certain circuit therein, for transmitting, can be placed in recess outside and resistivity measuring instrument external surface below.
At any time, all must not limit the present invention in any specific step order or require any specific step in Figure 10.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, each module of the invention described above or each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on single calculation element, or be distributed on the network that a plurality of calculation elements form, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of calculation element, thereby, they can be stored in storage device and be carried out by calculation element, or they are made into respectively to each integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules in them or step are made into single integrated circuit module to be realized.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the directed method of measuring resistivity in stratum, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
In boring, rotate resistivity measuring instrument;
By being configured in the first slot antenna transmission of electromagnetic signals in resistivity measuring instrument;
Be configured in the second slot antenna receiving electromagnetic signals in resistivity measuring instrument;
In a swing circle of resistivity measuring instrument, obtain the sine wave of the second slot antenna induced potential,
Obtain in a swing circle of described resistivity measuring instrument peak, paddy amplitude and the anglec of rotation of induced potential on described the second slot antenna;
Derive distance and the directional information of stratigraphic boundary.
2. the directed method of measuring resistivity in stratum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described the first slot antenna and inner described second slot antenna with wire that inside has wire are configured in the recess on described resistivity measuring instrument external surface.
3. the directed method of measuring resistivity in stratum according to claim 2, is characterized in that, wire is electrically connected to recess end wall with the center conductor that is positioned at the coaxial connector of the recess other end, form magnetic dipole, produces magnetic field.
4. method of carrying out the directed resistivity measurement in stratum according to claim 3, is characterized in that, by described coaxial line connector, the electric wire of recess and a circuit is coupled together, for transmitting.
5. the directed resistivity test device in stratum, is characterized in that, comprising:
Resistivity measuring instrument with longitudinal axis and external surface;
At described resistivity measuring instrument external surface, form, and be basically parallel to many gaps of resistivity measuring instrument longitudinal axis;
Be arranged in described gap and many wires that are electrically connected to the end wall in described gap, form magnetic-dipole antenna;
Described magnetic-dipole antenna forms at least one send-receive antenna sets, for carrying out transmitting and receiving of electromagnetic signal.
6. the directed resistivity test device in stratum according to claim 5, is characterized in that, also comprises coaxial connector, described wire and a circuit is coupled together, for the treatment of electromagnetic signal to be launched or that receive.
7. according to the directed resistivity test device in the arbitrary described stratum of claim 5-6, it is characterized in that, be also included in that described resistivity measuring instrument surface forms and across many grooves of recess, for strengthening transmitting and receiving of electromagnetic signal.
8. according to the directed resistivity test device in the arbitrary described stratum of claim 5-7, it is characterized in that the gap quadrature on described groove and resistivity measuring instrument.
9. according to the directed resistivity test device in the arbitrary described stratum of claim 5-7, it is characterized in that, in described gap, be filled with permeability magnetic material.
10. according to the directed resistivity test device in the arbitrary described stratum of claim 5-7, it is characterized in that, in described gap, be filled with protective materials.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105467459A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-04-06 | 卜传新 | Exploration device |
| CN105626060A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-01 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 | Method for detecting stratum boundary and measuring stratum specific resistance |
| CN105715255A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-29 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 | Device for detecting formation boundary and measuring formation resistivity |
| CN106194167A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2016-12-07 | 上海神开石油设备有限公司 | A kind of device and method of rotation status subscript orientation resistivity |
| CN107191183A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-09-22 | 斯伦贝谢油田技术（山东）有限公司 | A kind of drilling well resistivity antennae |
| CN113847011A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-12-28 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | A measuring sub and measuring method for well kick and lost circulation |
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