CN110344823B - While-drilling gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument based on rotary steering tool - Google Patents
While-drilling gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument based on rotary steering tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN110344823B CN110344823B CN201910532473.9A CN201910532473A CN110344823B CN 110344823 B CN110344823 B CN 110344823B CN 201910532473 A CN201910532473 A CN 201910532473A CN 110344823 B CN110344823 B CN 110344823B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention provides a gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument while drilling based on a rotary steering tool, which integrates a button electrode, an azimuth electrode, a receiving antenna and a gamma imaging detector, wherein the button electrode, the azimuth electrode and the receiving antenna are arranged below a transmitting antenna from top to bottom, and the button electrode is closest to the transmitting antenna, so that a borehole wall resistivity signal can be accurately obtained; the azimuth electrode can measure the resistivity value of about 0.5 m of the circumference of the instrument and judge the boundary signal of the instrument from the reservoir in advance; the receiving antenna is farthest away from the transmitting antenna, the resistivity measuring distance is farther, the resistivity signal close to the drill bit can be obtained, and the forward-looking stratum evaluation and guiding functions are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum and gas drilling, and relates to a gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument while drilling based on a rotary steering tool.
Background
The development of heterogeneous and unconventional oil and gas fields at the present stage provides greater challenges for guided drilling engineering, and the drilling requirements of complex oil and gas wells are difficult to meet by single underground logging while drilling and engineering parameter measurement.
At present, the rotary guide head and the gamma and resistivity imaging instruments which are put into commercial application at home and abroad are basically respective independent drill collar pup joint instruments, and when the rotary guide head and the gamma and resistivity imaging instruments are applied on site, the independent pup joints are connected and combined together and then connected with a drill rod and a drill bit up and down respectively, so that the matching length is very long.
Nowadays, oil and gas exploration objects are gradually complicated, conventional reservoirs are developed to unconventional reservoirs such as compact oil and gas and shale gas, and homogeneous thick layers are developed to reservoirs such as heterogeneous, thin, fault and crack. Conventional gamma and resistivity logging while drilling as a main geosteering tool cannot meet the requirement of precise geosteering of a complex oil and gas reservoir, is far away from a drill bit, is not timely in formation measurement, needs to be measured by a near drill bit, and lacks a gamma resistivity imaging logging technology and equipment which are closer to the drill bit.
In oil field lamina, fault reservoir, lateral variation is big, and the hydrocarbon reservoir is tracked difficultly, and well orbit and stratum contact relation are complicated, and the contact relation of accurate judgement well and stratum and the degree of difficulty of guaranteeing that the drill bit to walk in the hydrocarbon reservoir are big, have the drill bit gamma imaging, the resistivity imaging that lack more to be close to the drill bit and in time judge that the drill bit meets the stratum change problem.
In unconventional reservoirs such as compact oil gas, shale gas and the like, the heterogeneity is strong, a micro-structural reservoir develops, sand-mud layers interact, local stratum changes quickly, and the oil gas distribution is complex. In geosteering, ensuring higher steering sensitivity, guiding the well trajectory through and accurately steering the "sweet spot" location of the hydrocarbon reservoir, also requires bit imaging logging techniques closer to the drill bit.
According to the traditional logging while drilling, an underground instrument is usually behind a screw and far away from a drill bit, measured data cannot reflect the position and stratum signals near the drill bit in time, logging parameters and guiding construction cannot be combined closely, and misjudgment is prone to occurring.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument while drilling based on a rotary steering tool, which can be close to a drill bit to perform gamma resistivity imaging measurement, overcomes the defects that conventional logging while drilling is far away from the drill bit and formation measurement is not timely, and can perform accurate geological steering; the imaging measurement point is close to the drill bit, and the problem that the current market equipment/instrument is difficult to meet the production requirement in oil and gas exploration and development can be solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument while drilling based on a rotary steering tool comprises a rotary steering head main shaft, wherein a transmitting antenna, a button electrode, an azimuth electrode and a receiving antenna are sequentially arranged on the rotary steering head main shaft from top to bottom, and a control circuit module, an azimuth measuring module and a gamma detector are also arranged on the rotary steering head main shaft;
the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting constant current required by detecting underground signals, and the current flows into the stratum through the main shaft of the rotary guide head; the button electrode is used for measuring a current signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna and flows through the button electrode, and transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module; the azimuth electrode is used for measuring a current signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna and flows through the azimuth electrode, and transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module; the receiving antenna is used for measuring a current signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna and flows through the receiving antenna, and transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module; the gamma detector is used for receiving gamma ray signals in the formation and transmitting the gamma ray signals to the control circuit module; the azimuth measuring module is used for measuring azimuth information and transmitting the azimuth information to the control circuit module;
the control circuit module is used for processing the current signals collected by the button electrodes to obtain borehole wall resistivity signals and carrying out borehole wall resistivity imaging by combining the received azimuth information; the system is used for processing the current signals acquired by the azimuth electrode to obtain resistivity signals of the formation around the well, and performing resistivity imaging by combining the received azimuth information; the current signal processing unit is used for processing the current signal acquired by the receiving antenna to obtain a formation forward-looking resistivity signal; the gamma imaging device is used for carrying out gamma imaging according to the received gamma ray signals and the azimuth information; and the system is used for uploading the processed resistivity signal and image data to an upper-level MWD control system.
Preferably, the control circuit module comprises a resistivity signal acquisition processing module and a main control acquisition board;
the resistivity signal acquisition processing module is used for receiving current signals acquired by the button electrodes, the azimuth electrodes and the receiving antenna, processing the current signals to obtain resistivity signals, and transmitting the resistivity signals to the main control acquisition board;
the main control acquisition board is used for receiving the resistivity signal, the gamma ray signal and the azimuth information, realizing resistivity imaging and gamma imaging, and uploading the resistivity signal and the image data to the upper-level MWD system through a bus.
Furthermore, the resistivity signal acquisition processing module comprises a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit, the transmitting circuit is connected with the transmitting antenna, and the receiving circuit is connected with the button electrode; the receiving circuit comprises a button electrode signal receiving circuit, an azimuth electrode signal receiving circuit and a receiving antenna signal receiving circuit, and is respectively used for receiving current signals of the button electrode, the azimuth electrode and the receiving antenna and processing the current signals to obtain corresponding resistivity signals.
Further, the transmitting circuit comprises an RS485, a single chip microcomputer, an amplifying circuit, a driving circuit, a feedback loop, a current measuring circuit and a voltage measuring circuit; the D/A in the single chip generates a transmitting current signal, the transmitting current signal is converted into a bipolar alternating current signal through an amplifying circuit, the bipolar alternating current signal reaches a transmitting antenna through a driving circuit, the transmitting antenna transmits current to the ground, and meanwhile, the bipolar alternating current signal transmitted by the driving circuit returns to the front end of the driving circuit through a feedback loop; the current measuring circuit is used for measuring the transmitting current of the transmitting antenna, the voltage measuring circuit is used for measuring the voltage of the transmitting antenna, the transmitting current and the voltage signals measured by the current measuring circuit and the voltage measuring circuit return to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer is communicated with an external circuit through the RS485 circuit.
Further, the button electrode signal receiving circuit comprises a preamplifier circuit, a controllable gain amplifier circuit, a band-pass filter circuit, an A/D (analog/digital) conversion circuit, a single chip microcomputer and an RS485 circuit;
signals collected by the button electrodes enter a preamplification circuit for preliminary amplification and filtering, then enter a controllable gain amplification circuit for controllable gain amplification, then are subjected to band-pass filtering processing through a band-pass filtering circuit, filtered measurement signals are sent to an A/D conversion circuit for signal conversion, the converted signals enter a single chip microcomputer for calculation to obtain resistivity signals, and the resistivity signals are transmitted to a master control collection board through an RS485 circuit.
Preferably, the orientation measurement module comprises an X-axis fluxgate, a Y-axis fluxgate, an X-axis driving circuit, a Y-axis driving circuit, an X-axis signal processing board and a Y-axis signal processing board; excitation signals of the X-axis fluxgate and the Y-axis fluxgate are provided by respective corresponding driving circuits, the measured signals are sent to respective corresponding signal processing boards for shaping, amplifying and filtering to obtain azimuth information, and the azimuth information is transmitted to the control circuit module.
Preferably, the gamma detector employs an integrated gamma probe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the gamma resistivity imaging logging while drilling instrument integrates a button electrode, an azimuth electrode, a receiving antenna and a gamma imaging detector. The button electrode, the azimuth electrode and the receiving antenna are arranged below the transmitting antenna from top to bottom, the button electrode is closest to the transmitting antenna, and due to the fact that the receiving surface of the button electrode is small, the resolution ratio is high, and after the drilling tool is rotated to form images, well wall resistivity signals can be accurately obtained. The azimuth electrode can measure the resistivity value of about 0.5 m of the circumference of the instrument, and judge the boundary signal of the instrument from the reservoir in advance, thereby providing guidance of the resistivity parameter for the pilot drilling. The receiving antenna is farthest away from the transmitting antenna, the resistivity receiving distance is farther, the resistivity signal close to the drill bit can be obtained, and forward-looking stratum evaluation and guiding functions are facilitated. When the transmitting antenna transmits current into the stratum, the button electrode closest to the transmitting antenna firstly receives a current signal fed back from the stratum and transmits the current signal to the control circuit module, the control circuit module processes the current signal to obtain a stratum resistivity signal, and the resistivity in the circumferential direction of the well wall is obtained along with the rotation of the drilling tool during use; then an azimuth electrode slightly far away from the transmitting antenna receives a current signal fed back from the stratum and transmits the current signal to the control circuit module, the control circuit module processes the current signal to obtain a resistivity signal of the stratum around the well, the signal of the instrument far away from the boundary of the stratum can be judged in advance, and the resistivity edge-detecting function is realized; and finally, receiving the current signal fed back from the stratum by a receiving antenna farther away from the transmitting antenna, transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module, processing the current signal by the control circuit module to obtain a stratum resistivity signal, and obtaining stratum resistivity parameters at a position farther away in the circumferential direction and a position close to the drill bit along with the rotation of the drilling tool so as to realize a forward-looking stratum evaluation function. By obtaining resistivity signals of the stratum at different depths and different circumferential positions, the functions of high-resistivity stratum logging and borehole wall resistivity imaging are realized. The integrated gamma imaging detector assembly can receive gamma rays in a stratum in the process of rotating along with a drilling tool, and realizes integration of gamma and resistivity parameters by using a gamma ray imaging technology, so that the reservoir boundary identification by using a gamma imaging function, the azimuth resistivity measurement by using a resistivity receiving electrode, the forward-looking high-resistivity stratum logging by using a receiving antenna and the borehole wall resistivity imaging by using a button electrode are realized in the logging-while-drilling process, the measurement parameters are richer, and the comprehensively obtained data is more accurate. According to the invention, the gamma imaging and resistivity imaging functions are designed on the main shaft of the rotary guide head in a fusion manner, the lateral resistivity imaging technology is utilized to meet the measurement requirements of low-resistance and high-resistance formation resistivity, the instrument has the functions of edge detection and formation evaluation, the length of a logging instrument assembly string is effectively reduced, the logging parameters are closer to the position of a drill bit, the measurement precision is more accurate, and the reliability is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rotary steerable tool based gamma-ray resistivity imaging logging while drilling tool;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the instrument structure with the design of the spindle of the rotary guide head and the fusion of the guide function;
FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the received signals of the orientation electrode and the button electrode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a receiving antenna receiving a signal;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a receive antenna configuration;
FIG. 7 is a block flow diagram of a transmit circuit;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an orientation electrode (a) and a button electrode structure (b);
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a button electrode signal receiving circuit;
FIG. 10 is an orientation measurement module.
In the figure: 4-receiving antenna, 5-azimuth electrode, 6-gamma detector, 7-button electrode, 8-transmitting antenna, 9-rotary guide head spindle, 10-receiving circuit, 11-X axis magnetometer, 12-transmitting circuit, 13-Y axis magnetometer, 14-locking ring, 15-rubber insulating layer, 16-glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer, 17-antenna assembly, 18-single core connector, 19-wire through hole G, 20-modulation and demodulation circuit, 21-antenna protective sleeve, 22-wire through hole F, 23-high-pressure sealing plug, 24-receiving polar plate, 25-insulating cushion block, 26-polar plate sealing disc, 27-electrode sealing cover, 28-insulating layer, 29-button electrode body and 30-base.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention provides and realizes a gamma-ray resistivity imaging logging instrument while drilling based on a rotary steering tool, and the gamma-ray imaging logging instrument module is integrated and integrated with the optimized rotary steering tool to complete the gamma-ray imaging, resistivity imaging formation parameter measurement and the engineering parameter measurement of azimuth, well deviation and the like of a near-bit, thereby realizing high-speed drilling and accurate steering control.
Gamma and resistivity are important basis of geosteering, the gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument while drilling based on the rotary steering tool integrates the gamma and resistivity imaging measurement function at the position, closest to the steering unit, of the main shaft 9 of the rotary steering head, and the gamma imaging, resistivity imaging and forward-looking resistivity measurement are realized on the basis of keeping the original main shaft function.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the gamma resistivity imaging logging while drilling instrument based on the rotary steerable tool of the present invention includes a rotary steerable head spindle 9, wherein the rotary steerable head spindle 9 is sequentially provided with 1 transmitting antenna 8, 2-4 button electrodes 7, 3-4 azimuth electrodes 5 and 1 receiving antenna 4 from top to bottom, the rotary steerable head spindle 9 is further provided with a control circuit module, an azimuth measuring module and a gamma detector 6, and the rotary steerable head spindle 9 is a main rotating shaft of the upper half of the rotary steerable tool used in the field of oil and gas drilling.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing signals received by the button electrode 7 and the azimuth electrode 5, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing signals received by the receiving antenna 4, which are respectively provided with azimuth resistivity and drill resistivity.
The transmitting antenna 8 is used for transmitting constant current required for detecting downhole signals, and the current flows into the stratum through the main shaft 9 of the rotary guiding head. The button electrode 7 is used for measuring a current signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna 8 and flows through the button electrode 7, and transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module, and the control circuit module processes the current signal to obtain a borehole wall resistivity signal and performs borehole wall resistivity imaging. The azimuth electrode 5 is used for measuring current signals which are transmitted by the transmitting antenna 8 and flow through the azimuth electrode 5, and transmitting the current signals to the control circuit module, and the control circuit module processes the current signals to obtain resistivity signals of the stratum which is slightly far away from the periphery of the well and is close to the azimuth electrode 5 and images the resistivity. The receiving antenna 4 is used for measuring a current signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna 8 and flows through the receiving antenna 4, and transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module, and the control circuit module processes the current signal to obtain a formation forward-looking resistivity (also called bit resistivity) signal of a formation near the drill bit and at a farther distance from the formation around the well. The gamma detector 6 is used for receiving gamma rays in the stratum and transmitting the gamma rays to the control circuit module, and the control circuit module performs gamma imaging. And the azimuth measuring module is used for measuring azimuth information and transmitting the azimuth information to the control circuit module. The control circuit module is used for uploading the processed resistivity signal and the processed image to the upper-level MWD control system, and the upper-level MWD control system transmits the signal code to the ground for a guidance engineer to refer to and guide the guidance operation.
The control circuit module comprises a resistivity signal acquisition and processing module, a master control acquisition board and a power supply module. The circuit cabin design has 4, covers the apron on every circuit cabin, and 4 circuit cabins become 90 degrees distributions each other. The system comprises a first circuit cabin, a second circuit cabin, a third circuit cabin and a fourth circuit cabin, wherein a resistivity signal acquisition and processing module is arranged in the first circuit cabin, a Y-axis magnetometer 13 and a main control acquisition board are arranged in the second circuit cabin, a gamma detector 6 is arranged in the third circuit cabin, and a Y-axis magnetometer 11 is arranged in the fourth circuit cabin. The resistivity signal acquisition and processing module is used for receiving current signals acquired by the button electrode 7, the azimuth electrode 5 and the receiving antenna 4, processing the current signals to obtain resistivity signals, transmitting the resistivity signals to the main control acquisition board, realizing resistivity imaging by the main control acquisition board according to azimuth information provided by the current azimuth measurement module, and uploading image data to an upper-level MWD system through a bus after signal conversion is carried out on the image data by the modulation and demodulation board, so that the image data is used for formation boundary detection and formation evaluation; the power module is used for supplying power to the instrument.
As shown in fig. 7 and 9, the resistivity signal acquisition and processing module includes a transmitting circuit 12 and a receiving circuit 10, and provides instrument current transmission, resistivity measurement and imaging functions. The transmitting circuit 12 is connected to the transmitting antenna 8.
As shown in fig. 7, the transmitting circuit 12 includes an RS485, a single chip, an amplifying circuit, a driving circuit, a feedback loop, a current measuring circuit, and a voltage measuring circuit; RS485 interacts with the signal of the single chip microcomputer, and a feedback loop is connected with the driving circuit in parallel; the D/A in the single chip microcomputer generates a transmitting current signal, the transmitting current signal is converted into a bipolar alternating current signal through an amplifying circuit, the bipolar alternating current signal reaches a transmitting antenna through a driving circuit, the transmitting antenna 8 transmits current to the ground, and meanwhile the bipolar alternating current signal transmitted by the driving circuit returns to the front end of the driving circuit through a feedback loop; the current measuring circuit finishes the measurement of the transmitting current by measuring the voltage of a small resistor, the voltage measuring circuit is used for measuring the voltage of the transmitting antenna, transmitting current and voltage signals measured by the current measuring circuit and the voltage measuring circuit return to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer is communicated with an external circuit through the RS485 circuit.
The receiving circuit 10 includes a button electrode signal receiving circuit, an azimuth electrode signal receiving circuit, and a receiving antenna signal receiving circuit. As shown in fig. 9, the button electrode signal receiving circuit includes a preamplifier circuit, a controllable gain amplifier circuit, a band-pass filter circuit, an a/D converter circuit, a single chip microcomputer, and an RS485 circuit.
The signal returned by the button electrode 7 firstly enters a preamplification circuit for preliminary amplification and filtering, then enters a controllable gain amplification circuit for controllable gain amplification, then is subjected to band-pass filtering processing by a band-pass filtering circuit, the filtered measurement signal is sent to an A/D conversion circuit for signal conversion, the converted signal enters a single chip microcomputer, a program for resistivity inversion calculation is embedded in the single chip microcomputer, the formation resistivity is obtained, the input gain is adjusted in real time by the controllable gain circuit, the calculated signal is transmitted to a main control acquisition board by an RS485 circuit, the main control acquisition board realizes resistivity imaging according to the azimuth information provided by a current azimuth measurement module, and the image data is transmitted to an upper-level MWD system by a bus after being subjected to signal conversion by a modulation and demodulation board. The singlechip can be replaced by a DSP chip.
The subsequent processing flow of the signals returned by the azimuth electrode 5 and the receiving antenna 4 is consistent with the signal processing on the button electrode, and the azimuth electrode signal receiving circuit and the receiving antenna signal receiving circuit are basically similar to the button electrode signal receiving circuit.
As shown in fig. 3, the gamma detector 6 provides gamma measurement of the instrument, the gamma detector 6 captures natural gamma pulses of the formation and sends the signals to the main control acquisition board, and the main control acquisition board realizes a gamma imaging function according to the azimuth information provided by the current azimuth measurement module, and the information data is subjected to signal conversion by the modem board and then uploaded to the upper-level MWD system through the bus.
As shown in fig. 3 and 10, the orientation measuring module provides orientation information implementing an imaging function, and includes an X-axis fluxgate, a Y-axis fluxgate, an X-axis driving circuit, a Y-axis driving circuit, an X-axis signal processing board, and a Y-axis signal processing board. The power is supplied by +5V, the power consumption is 250mW, and the output is a differential analog signal. Excitation signals of the X-axis fluxgates and the Y-axis fluxgates are provided by respective driving circuits, and the measured signals are sent to the signal processing board for shaping, amplifying and filtering to obtain azimuth information, and then sent to the main control acquisition board shown in fig. 3.
The gamma detector 6 adopts an integrated gamma probe, and the separated scintillation crystal (NaI crystal), the photomultiplier, the high-voltage circuit, the preamplifier circuit and the shaping circuit of the integrated gamma probe are highly integrated, so that the integrated gamma probe is small in size, high in detection efficiency and good in anti-seismic performance.
4 azimuth electrodes 5 are uniformly distributed on a main shaft 9 of the rotary guide head along the radial direction, so that the resistivity of 4 circumferential 90-degree azimuths can be measured, signals of the instrument from the formation boundary can be judged in advance, and guidance is provided for guide operation. As shown in fig. 8 (a), the azimuth electrode 5 includes a receiving electrode 24, an insulating pad 25 and an electrode sealing cover 26, the insulating pad 25 is installed between the receiving electrode 24 and the rotary guiding head spindle 9 to ensure insulation between the receiving electrode 24 and the rotary guiding head spindle 9, the receiving electrode 24 is covered with the electrode sealing cover 26 and is fixed on the rotary guiding head spindle 9 through the electrode sealing cover 26 to ensure firm installation and sealing, the lead of the receiving electrode 24 is connected with the lead of one end of the high-voltage sealing plug 23, and the lead of the other end of the high-voltage sealing plug 23 is connected with the lead of the receiving circuit 10 through the wire passing hole F22.
The main shaft 9 of the rotary guide head is preferably uniformly distributed with two button electrodes 7 along the radial direction, and the two button electrodes 7 form an angle of 180 degrees with each other. As shown in fig. 8 (b), the button electrode 7 comprises a button electrode body 29, an electrode sealing lid 27, an insulating layer 28 and a base 30. The base 8 is installed in an electrode groove of a button electrode body 29, the button electrode body 29 is arranged in a base 30, the button electrode body 29 and the base 30 are firmly bonded through an insulating layer 28, the insulating layer 28 is made of PEEK (polyetheretherketone), and finally, an electrode sealing cover 27 is covered on the button electrode body 29 and is fixed on a rotary guide head spindle 9 through the electrode sealing cover 27, so that firm installation and sealing of the rotary guide head spindle are guaranteed, and the sealing pressure-bearing performance of the button electrode is guaranteed to be larger than 140MPa and 175 ℃.
Preferably, 4 azimuth electrodes 5 are uniformly distributed on the main shaft 9 of the rotary guide head along the radial direction, the azimuth electrodes 5 are mutually arranged at 90 degrees, the resistivity of 4 90-degree azimuths on the circumference of the instrument can be measured, a signal of the instrument from the formation boundary is judged in advance, and guidance is provided for guide operation. As shown in fig. 8, the bottom of the polar plate groove of two adjacent azimuth electrodes 5 are communicated through a threading hole C, and an included angle between two adjacent threading holes C is 90 °. As shown in fig. 8, the azimuth electrode 5 includes a receiving pole plate 20, an insulating pad 25 and a pole plate sealing cover, the insulating pad 25 is installed between the receiving pole plate 20 and the rotary guiding head spindle 9 to ensure insulation between the receiving pole plate 20 and the rotary guiding head spindle 9, the receiving pole plate 20 is covered with the pole plate sealing cover and fixed on the rotary guiding head spindle 9 through the pole plate sealing cover to ensure firm installation and sealing, a connection line of the receiving pole plate 20 is connected with one end of a high-voltage sealing plug 23, and a lead wire at the other end of the high-voltage sealing plug 23 is connected with a receiving circuit through a wire passing hole 19F 41.
Referring to fig. 6, the receiving antenna 4 includes an antenna assembly 17, a locking ring 14, a rubber insulating layer 15 and a glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer 16, an antenna slot is disposed on the rotary guide head spindle 9, the antenna slot is disposed with the antenna assembly 17 and filled with the glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer 16, and the glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer 16 is disposed with the rubber insulating layer 15. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: the antenna assembly 17 is fixed in an antenna slot on the rotary guide head main shaft 9 through high-temperature bonding, annular sealing grooves are designed on two sides of the antenna slot, and water can be prevented from entering a magnetic core of the antenna assembly 17 inside under the high-pressure condition after the antenna assembly 17 and the glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer 16 are molded through vacuum impregnation. The glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer 16 is manufactured in the antenna slot, the glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer 16 is subjected to finish machining, and then the rubber insulating layer 15 is subjected to mold forming on the glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer 16. An antenna protective sleeve 21 is arranged on the outer side of the glass fiber reinforced plastic insulating layer 16, and finally the antenna protective sleeve 21 is fixed by connecting the locking ring 14 with the rotary guiding head spindle 9. The bottom of the antenna slot of the receiving antenna 4 is communicated with the bottom of the cover plate slot where the receiving circuit 10 is located through a wire passing hole G19, a data wire of the receiving antenna 4 is connected with one end of a single-core connector 18, the other end of the single-core connector 18 penetrates through the wire passing hole 19G to be connected with the receiving circuit 10 for communication between the single-core connector 18 and the receiving circuit, and the single-core connector 18 has insulating and sealing functions. The mounting structure of the transmitting antenna 8 is the same as that of the receiving antenna 4 except that the data line of the transmitting antenna 8 is connected to the transmitting circuit 12.
The invention integrates and fuses the gamma imaging while drilling, resistivity imaging and a rotary steering tool and designs an internal-conduction external-measurement structure. The miniaturized and modularized design is carried out by adopting relatively mature gamma imaging and resistivity imaging technologies, and the logging while drilling imaging function is realized on the rotary guide head. By means of research on the structure (method) of the measurement-while-drilling and guide integrated external-measurement internal-guide model machine and instrument design, guide control can be accurately and timely performed in engineering application, a foundation is laid for subsequent development of measurement-while-drilling and recording guide technology, equipment development and test application, the requirements of exploration and development of complex reservoirs and unconventional reservoirs are met, and oil and gas exploration cost is saved. Meanwhile, the guiding tool can improve the mechanical drilling speed and reduce the drilling risk.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: exciting current to be transmitted into the stratum through the transmitting antenna 8, firstly measuring a current signal flowing through the button electrode 7 by the button electrode 7 close to the transmitting antenna 8, transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module, processing the current signal to obtain a stratum resistivity signal, obtaining the resistivity of a mud cake in the circumferential direction of the well wall along with the rotation of the drilling tool, and imaging by utilizing the stratum resistivity; then, the azimuth electrode 5 which is slightly far away from the transmitting antenna 8 measures a current signal flowing through the azimuth electrode 5, transmits the current signal to the control circuit module, and processes the current signal to obtain a formation resistivity signal; and finally, the receiving antenna 4 which is farther away from the transmitting antenna 8 measures a current signal which flows through the drill collar below the receiving antenna 4 and enters the stratum, the current signal is transmitted to the control circuit module and processed to obtain a stratum resistivity signal, and stratum resistivity parameters which are farther away in the circumferential direction are obtained along with the rotation of the drilling tool. Meanwhile, the gamma detector 6 receives gamma rays in the stratum in the process of following the rotation of the drilling tool, and transmits the gamma rays to the control circuit module for gamma imaging. The control circuit module uploads the resistivity signal and the image obtained through processing to the upper-level MWD control system, the upper-level MWD control system transmits the control instruction to the control circuit module after processing, and then the control circuit module transmits the control instruction to the rotary guide head.
The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of the structural design of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument while drilling based on a rotary steering tool is characterized by comprising a rotary steering head main shaft (9), wherein a transmitting antenna (8), a button electrode (7), an orientation electrode (5) and a receiving antenna (4) are sequentially arranged on the rotary steering head main shaft (9) from top to bottom, and a control circuit module, an orientation measuring module and a gamma detector (6) are further arranged on the rotary steering head main shaft (9);
the transmitting antenna (8) is used for transmitting constant current required by detecting underground signals, and the current flows into the stratum through the main shaft (9) of the rotary guide head; the button electrode (7) is used for measuring a current signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna (8) and flows through the button electrode (7), and transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module; the azimuth electrode (5) is used for measuring a current signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna (8) and flows through the azimuth electrode (5), and transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module; the receiving antenna (4) is used for measuring a current signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna (8) and flows through the receiving antenna (4), and transmitting the current signal to the control circuit module; the gamma detector (6) is used for receiving a gamma ray signal in the formation and transmitting the gamma ray signal to the control circuit module; the azimuth measuring module is used for measuring azimuth information and transmitting the azimuth information to the control circuit module;
the control circuit module is used for processing the current signals collected by the button electrodes to obtain borehole wall resistivity signals and carrying out borehole wall resistivity imaging by combining the received azimuth information; the system is used for processing the current signals collected by the azimuth electrode (5) to obtain resistivity signals of the formation around the well, and performing resistivity imaging by combining the received azimuth information; the current signal acquired by the receiving antenna (4) is processed to obtain a formation forward-looking resistivity signal; the gamma imaging device is used for carrying out gamma imaging according to the received gamma ray signals and the azimuth information; the system is used for uploading the resistivity signal and the image data obtained by processing to an upper-level MWD control system;
the control circuit module comprises a resistivity signal acquisition processing module and a master control acquisition board;
the resistivity signal acquisition and processing module is used for receiving current signals acquired by the button electrode (7), the azimuth electrode (5) and the receiving antenna (4), processing the current signals to obtain resistivity signals, and transmitting the resistivity signals to the master control acquisition board;
the main control acquisition board is used for receiving the resistivity signal, the gamma ray signal and the azimuth information, realizing resistivity imaging and gamma imaging, and uploading the resistivity signal and the image data to an upper-level MWD system through a bus;
the resistivity signal acquisition and processing module comprises a transmitting circuit (12) and a receiving circuit (10), wherein the transmitting circuit (12) is connected with the transmitting antenna (8), and the receiving circuit (10) is connected with the button electrode (7); the receiving circuit (10) comprises a button electrode signal receiving circuit, an azimuth electrode signal receiving circuit and a receiving antenna signal receiving circuit, and is respectively used for receiving current signals of the button electrode (7), the azimuth electrode (5) and the receiving antenna (4) and processing the current signals to obtain corresponding resistivity signals;
the transmitting circuit comprises an RS485 circuit, a single chip microcomputer, an amplifying circuit, a driving circuit, a feedback loop, a current measuring circuit and a voltage measuring circuit; the D/A in the single chip microcomputer generates a transmitting current signal, the transmitting current signal is converted into a bipolar alternating current signal through an amplifying circuit, the bipolar alternating current signal reaches a transmitting antenna (8) through a driving circuit, the transmitting antenna (8) transmits current to the ground, and meanwhile the bipolar alternating current signal transmitted by the driving circuit returns to the front end of the driving circuit through a feedback loop; the current measuring circuit is used for measuring the transmitting current of the transmitting antenna (8), the voltage measuring circuit is used for measuring the voltage of the transmitting antenna (8), the transmitting current and the voltage signals measured by the current measuring circuit and the voltage measuring circuit are both returned to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer is communicated with an external circuit through the RS485 circuit.
2. The gamma resistivity imaging while drilling logging instrument based on the rotary steering tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the button electrode (7) signal receiving circuit comprises a preamplifier circuit, a controllable gain amplifier circuit, a band-pass filter circuit, an A/D conversion circuit, a singlechip and an RS485 circuit;
signals collected by the button electrodes (7) enter a preamplification circuit for preliminary amplification and filtering, then enter a controllable gain amplification circuit for controllable gain amplification, and then are subjected to band-pass filtering processing by a band-pass filtering circuit, measurement signals after filtering are sent to an A/D conversion circuit for signal conversion, the converted signals enter a single chip microcomputer for calculation to obtain resistivity signals, and the resistivity signals are transmitted to a master control collection board through an RS485 circuit.
3. The gamma resistivity imaging while drilling tool based on the rotary steerable tool logging tool of claim 1, wherein the orientation measurement module comprises an X-axis fluxgate, a Y-axis fluxgate, an X-axis drive circuit, a Y-axis drive circuit, an X-axis signal processing board and a Y-axis signal processing board; excitation signals of the X-axis fluxgate and the Y-axis fluxgate are provided by respective corresponding driving circuits, the measured signals are sent to respective corresponding signal processing boards for shaping, amplifying and filtering to obtain azimuth information, and the azimuth information is transmitted to the control circuit module.
4. The rotary steerable tool-based gamma resistivity imaging while drilling logging instrument as recited in claim 1, wherein the gamma detector (6) employs an integrated gamma probe.
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| CN114151065B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2024-04-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for controlling switching mode of imaging logging instrument while drilling |
| CN112363234A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-12 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Combined logging instrument suitable for seabed polymetallic sulfide measurement |
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