CN111119868B - Underground magnetic field detection while drilling device - Google Patents
Underground magnetic field detection while drilling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111119868B CN111119868B CN201911371008.8A CN201911371008A CN111119868B CN 111119868 B CN111119868 B CN 111119868B CN 201911371008 A CN201911371008 A CN 201911371008A CN 111119868 B CN111119868 B CN 111119868B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for detecting an underground magnetic field while drilling, which outputs a PWM signal to a fluxgate driving circuit through a DSP, meanwhile, the FPGA is controlled to synchronously sample waveform data, the fluxgate driving circuit excites the fluxgate sensor to induce X, Y, Z shaft magnetic flux and converts the magnetic flux into a voltage signal, the voltage signal is converted into sampling waveform data to be stored in the FPGA after sequentially passing through the band-pass filter, the gain circuit and the first analog-to-digital converter, the DSP reads the sampling waveform data in the FPGA, performing digital band-pass filtering on the sampled waveform data, performing digital phase-sensitive detection on a filtered signal obtained by the digital band-pass filtering, the waveform data after the digital phase-sensitive detection is subjected to digital integration, the waveform data obtained by the digital integration is subjected to digital low-pass filtering and amplitude extraction to obtain the magnetic field intensity, and the magnetic field intensity is sent to a central control communication circuit, so that the detection of the magnetic field intensity while drilling in the underground complex environment is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling and exploration engineering, in particular to a detection device for an underground magnetic field while drilling.
Background
During the drilling process of the well, the metal substance around the well (for example, the ferromagnetic casing pipe in the drilled well) can generate a magnetizing magnetic field to cause geomagnetic anomaly near the metal substance, and the detection of the geomagnetic anomaly in the well can provide technical support for the well to locate the distance and the direction of the nearby metal substance.
In the prior art, a method for acquiring a magnetic signal is to convert an external magnetic field into a voltage signal containing second harmonic by using a fluxgate through a high-frequency driving circuit, wherein the amplitude of the second harmonic is related to the external magnetic field intensity, then extract the second harmonic component in the voltage signal through a filter circuit, and output a direct current voltage in direct proportion to the magnetic field intensity through circuit processing, thereby calculating the magnetic field intensity.
The intensity of the magnetization magnetic field is small, and the intensity of the magnetization magnetic field is rapidly attenuated along with the third power of the detection distance, so that the requirement on the sampling precision of the magnetic signal acquisition device is high, the drilling well is a complex environment with high temperature and high vibration, the method is used for acquiring the magnetic signals, and the method is not suitable for the environment with high temperature, high vibration and long-time operation in the underground.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an underground magnetic field while-drilling detection device, which is used for solving the problem of how to detect geomagnetic anomaly while-drilling in underground high-temperature, high-vibration and long-time operation environments.
The invention provides a detection device while drilling for an underground magnetic field, which comprises: the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit and the central control communication circuit;
the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit comprises: the magnetic field acquisition circuit, the digital signal processing unit DSP and the fluxgate driving circuit;
the magnetic field acquisition circuit comprises three acquisition sub-circuits and a field programmable logic array (FPGA), each acquisition sub-circuit comprises a fluxgate sensor, a band-pass filter, a gain circuit and a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) which are sequentially connected, the fluxgate sensor is excited by the fluxgate driving circuit, each acquisition sub-circuit is used for acquiring and processing one magnetic flux of X, Y, Z shaft magnetic fluxes, and the FPGA is used for storing signals obtained after the three acquisition sub-circuits are processed into sampling waveform data;
the DSP is used for carrying out digital band-pass filtering on the sampled waveform data, carrying out digital phase-sensitive detection on a filtering signal obtained by the digital band-pass filtering, carrying out digital integration on the waveform data after the digital phase-sensitive detection, and carrying out digital low-pass filtering and amplitude extraction on the waveform data obtained by the digital integration to obtain the magnetic field intensity;
the DSP sends the magnetic field intensity to the central control communication circuit, and the central control communication circuit utilizes the magnetic field intensity to detect.
Optionally, the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit communicates with the central control communication circuit through a bus isolation module;
the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit is powered by an isolated power supply module, and the isolated power supply module is isolated from the power supply module of the central control communication circuit.
Optionally, the DSP is specifically configured to:
performing digital band-pass filtering on the sampling waveform aggregation according to the excitation signal frequency and the sampling frequency of the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC);
the DSP is further used for adjusting one or more of the excitation signal frequency, the sampling frequency of the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the gain coefficient of the gain circuit according to the detection result of the magnetic field intensity.
Optionally, the device supplies power by a single-core power supply mode, and a single-core bus adopted by the single-core power supply mode is also used for transmitting communication data of the MWD device for measurement while drilling and the central control communication circuit for communication;
the device also comprises a single-core power supply and communication module, and the central control communication circuit is communicated with the MWD device through the single-core power supply and communication module.
Optionally, the single-core power supply and communication module includes:
the device comprises a coding and decoding module, an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube, a filter circuit, a filter comparison circuit, a phase-locked loop demodulator, a voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit and a transformer;
one side of the transformer is connected with the MOS tube and the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit, the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit is connected with the filter circuit, the filter circuit is connected with the phase-locked loop demodulator, the phase-locked loop demodulator is connected with the filter comparison circuit, the filter comparison circuit is connected with the coding and decoding module, the coding and decoding module is also connected with the MOS tube and the central control communication circuit respectively, and the other side of the transformer is connected with a single-core power supply and communication bus;
the encoding and decoding module receives first communication data sent by the central control communication circuit, modulates the first communication data by adopting two different carrier frequencies to obtain two paths of high-frequency digital signals with opposite polarities, couples the two paths of high-frequency digital signals with opposite polarities through the transformer and outputs a first signal; and/or
The transformer is also used for receiving a second signal, the second signal sequentially passes through the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit, the filter circuit, the phase-locked loop demodulator, the filter comparison circuit and the coding and decoding module to be processed to obtain second communication data, and the coding and decoding module sends the second communication data to the central control communication circuit.
Optionally, the central control communication circuit includes:
the micro control unit MCU, the second analog-to-digital converter ADC, the bus driving module and the storage circuit are arranged in the memory;
the MCU is connected with the coding and decoding module and the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit, and is also connected with the second analog-to-digital converter ADC and the storage circuit;
the MCU is used for controlling the operation of the device.
Optionally, the central control communication circuit further includes: the temperature sensor and the voltage monitoring module;
and the temperature sensor or the voltage monitoring module is respectively connected with the second analog-to-digital converter ADC.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: a low pass filter and a three-axis accelerometer;
the three-axis accelerometer is used for measuring gravity acceleration data of the device;
the triaxial accelerometer is connected with the low-pass filter, and the low-pass filter is connected with the second analog-to-digital converter (ADC);
and the central control communication circuit is also used for detecting the self space attitude of the device according to the gravity acceleration data and the magnetic field intensity.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: an external battery compartment;
the external battery bin is used for installing a battery; the battery is a standby power supply;
and when the power supply of the single-core power supply and the power supply of the communication bus are interrupted, the device is powered by the battery.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: and the high-speed data reading interface ROP is used for testing the device and reading data of the storage circuit.
The invention provides a detection device while drilling for an underground magnetic field, which outputs a PWM signal to a fluxgate driving circuit through a DSP (digital signal processor), simultaneously controls an FPGA (field programmable gate array) to synchronously sample waveform data, the fluxgate driving circuit drives a fluxgate sensor to collect X, Y, Z shaft magnetic flux, the magnetic flux is converted into a voltage signal, the voltage signal sequentially passes through a band-pass filter, a gain circuit and a first analog-to-digital converter to be converted into sampling waveform data to be stored in the FPGA, the DSP reads the sampling waveform data in the FPGA, digital band-pass filtering is carried out on the sampling waveform data, digital phase-sensitive detection is carried out on a filtering signal obtained by the digital band-pass filtering, digital integration is carried out on the waveform data obtained by the digital phase-sensitive detection, digital low-pass filtering and amplitude extraction are carried out on the waveform data. Can effectively filter primary and third harmonic component in the DSP, therefore, band pass filter's band-pass range can set up more extensively, avoid making the second harmonic component to be filtered out because of the interference, and simultaneously, excitation signal's phase place is unanimous with the collection waveform phase place, the processing of sampling waveform data is all gone on in DSP, the digital processing of sampling waveform data has been realized, the temperature drift of device causes the problem that the sampling data precision is low under the high temperature environment has been eliminated, the interference of complex environment to earth magnetic signal collection in the pit has been avoided, thereby the complex environment has been realized in the pit to the detection of magnetic field intensity.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of a downhole magnetic field detection while drilling apparatus provided in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of the downhole magnetic field while drilling detection device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field acquisition and control circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic waveform diagram of the fluxgate sensor outputting three signals;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single core power supply and communication module;
fig. 6 is a signal modulation diagram of a single-core power supply and communication module;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a central control communication circuit.
Description of reference numerals:
100: a downhole magnetic field while drilling detection device; 101: a single-core bus communication coupling transformer; 102: a central control communication circuit; 104: a magnetic field acquisition and control circuit; 103: a three-axis accelerometer; 1043: a fluxgate sensor; 105: an upper joint connector; 106: a power supply module; 107: an isolated power module; 108: an upper circuit framework; 109: a lower circuit skeleton; 110: damping PEEK/rubber ring; 1041: a digital signal processing unit DSP; 1042: a fluxgate driving circuit; 1043: a fluxgate sensor; 1044: a band-pass filter; 1045: a gain circuit; 1046: a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC); 1047: a field programmable logic array FPGA; 111: the single-core power supply and communication module; 1111: a coding and decoding module; 1112: an MOS tube; 1113: a filter circuit; 1114: a filter comparison circuit; 1115: a phase-locked loop demodulator; 1116: a voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit; 1117: a transformer; 1021: a Micro Control Unit (MCU); 1022: a second analog-to-digital converter ADC; 1023: a low-pass filter; 1024: a bus driver module; 1025: a memory circuit.
With the foregoing drawings in mind, certain embodiments of the disclosure have been shown and described in more detail below. These drawings and written description are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed concepts in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the disclosure to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of a downhole magnetic field detection while drilling device provided by the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic internal structure view of the downhole magnetic field detection while drilling device shown in fig. 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the downhole magnetic field detection while drilling device 100 provided by this embodiment includes: a central control communication circuit 102 and a magnetic field acquisition and control circuit 104.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: the device comprises a transformer 101, a triaxial accelerometer 103, a fluxgate sensor 1043, an upper connector 105, a power module 106, an isolated power module 107, an upper circuit framework 108, a lower circuit framework 109 and a shock absorption PEEK/rubber ring 110.
The underground magnetic field while-drilling detection device 100 is a cylindrical detection device with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 80cm, can be integrally installed in an annular metal cylinder in the middle of a while-drilling measuring instrument together with a battery bin, and damping polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or rubber rings 110 are arranged at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the underground magnetic field while-drilling detection device, so that the stability and the reliability of the overall operation of a system are improved, and the underground magnetic field while-drilling detection device is convenient. The central control communication circuit 102, the triaxial accelerometer 103 and the power module 106 are arranged in the upper circuit framework 108, the power module 106 can be used for supplying power to the central control communication circuit 102, the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit 104, the fluxgate sensor 1043 and the isolation type power module 107 are arranged in the lower circuit framework, the isolation type power module 107 can be used for supplying power to the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit 104, aluminum alloy cylinders are sleeved outside the upper circuit framework 108 and the lower circuit framework 109 respectively and used for electromagnetic shielding and circuit protection, and meanwhile, electromagnetic interference of the central control communication circuit 102 on the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit 104 is shielded. The upper connector 105 is used to connect the battery compartment and the single-core power supply and communication bus, wherein the upper connector 105 may be a 9-core MDM mini connector.
The following describes a scenario in which the present invention is applied, with reference to the apparatuses shown in fig. 1 and 2.
In the drilling process of the well drilling, if drilled wells (water injection wells, oil wells and the like) exist nearby, the magnetized magnetic field is generated by a ferromagnetic casing in the drilled wells under the action of the geomagnetic field magnetization, geomagnetic anomaly nearby the casing is caused, the geomagnetic anomaly is detected with high precision, and the characteristics of the geomagnetic anomaly can be analyzed and calculated, so that technical support is provided for positioning the direct distance between nearby metal substances and the drilled wells and the orientation of the metal substances in the drilled wells. Based on the method, a detection device while drilling (hereinafter, simply referred to as a detection device) for the underground magnetic field can be placed in the well, the detection device is used for detecting the geomagnetic anomaly with high precision, and the characteristics of the geomagnetic anomaly can be analyzed and calculated, so that the distance between the metal substance near the well and the direction of the metal substance can be determined.
In some scenes, the abnormal amplitude of the magnetic field caused by the magnetization of the drilled ferromagnetic casing is very weak, the intensity of the abnormal amplitude is attenuated rapidly with the third power of the detection distance, when the distance exceeds 5 meters, the intensity is attenuated to be below 10 < -10 > Tesla (0.1nT), at the moment, the amplitude of a signal detected by a detection device is reduced to a mu V level, the signal is easily submerged by environmental electromagnetic interference and inherent noise of a detection circuit, and in the drilling process, the detection device is in a high-temperature and high-vibration complex environment, and the accurate detection of the extremely weak geomagnetic abnormal signal is a technical key and difficulty. In the existing detection method for magnetic signals, a fluxgate converts an external magnetic field into a voltage signal containing second harmonic, the amplitude of the second harmonic is related to the external magnetic field strength, therefore, a frequency selection circuit is needed to select the second harmonic component so as to calculate the external magnetic field strength, and the second harmonic voltage signal is subjected to phase sensitive detection and integration links through an analog circuit so as to output direct current voltage in proportion to the magnetic field strength, thereby calculating the magnetic field strength. In order to select the second harmonic component, the frequency selection circuit filters other corresponding harmonic components, so that the frequency band of the frequency selection circuit is narrow, the requirement on the precision of the frequency selection circuit is high, interference from the analog circuit and surrounding circuits can cause that the frequency selection circuit cannot accurately select the second harmonic component, meanwhile, frequency selection amplification, phase sensitive detection, integration and the like adopted for processing signals are all analog circuits, the structure of the analog circuits is complex, the temperature drift characteristic of an electronic device can seriously influence the sampling precision of the signals, and the conventional detection method for the magnetic signals cannot be used in special environments with high temperature and high vibration underground and long-time operation.
In order to solve the technical problem, the downhole magnetic field while-drilling detection device provided by this embodiment collects and processes X, Y, Z-axis magnetic flux through the magnetic field collection and control circuit, stores the three-path processed signals as sampled waveform data, the DSP in the magnetic field collection and control circuit performs digital band-pass filtering on the sampled waveform data, performs digital phase-sensitive detection on the filtered signals obtained by the digital band-pass filtering, performs digital integration on the waveform data after the digital phase-sensitive detection, performs digital low-pass filtering and amplitude extraction on the waveform data obtained by the digital integration to obtain magnetic field strength, the DSP sends the magnetic field strength to the central control communication circuit, and the central control communication circuit performs detection by using the magnetic field strength. The device that this embodiment provided all goes on in DSP to the processing of sampling waveform data, has realized the digital processing of sampling waveform data, has avoided the complicated environment in the pit to the interference of earth magnetic signal collection, has realized the detection of complicated environment in the pit to magnetic field intensity.
The following describes the technical solutions of the present invention and how to solve the above technical problems with specific embodiments. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic field collecting and controlling circuit, and as shown in fig. 3, the magnetic field collecting and controlling circuit 104 includes: a magnetic field acquisition circuit, a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) unit 1041 and a fluxgate driving circuit 1042;
the magnetic Field acquisition circuit comprises three acquisition sub-circuits and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 1047, each acquisition sub-circuit comprises a fluxgate sensor 1043, a band-pass filter 1044, a gain circuit 1045 and a first analog-to-digital converter ADC1046 which are connected in sequence, the fluxgate sensor 1043 is excited by a fluxgate driving circuit 1042, each acquisition sub-circuit is used for acquiring and processing one of X, Y, Z shaft magnetic fluxes, and the FPGA1047 is used for storing signals obtained after the processing of the three acquisition sub-circuits 1041 as sampling waveform data.
The DSP1041 is configured to perform digital band-pass filtering on the sampled waveform data, perform digital phase-sensitive detection on a filtered signal obtained by the digital band-pass filtering, perform digital integration on the waveform data after the digital phase-sensitive detection, and perform digital low-pass filtering and amplitude extraction on the waveform data obtained by the digital integration to obtain the magnetic field strength. The DSP1041 sends the magnetic field strength to the central control communication circuit.
In this embodiment, the DSP1041 is configured to set a frequency of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal, a sampling frequency (hereinafter, referred to as a sampling frequency) of the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1046, and a control gain of the gain circuit 1045, where optionally, the sampling frequency is an even multiple of a frequency of the excitation signal.
The DSP1041 outputs a PWM signal to the fluxgate driving circuit 1042, and at the same time, controls the FPGA1047 to sample waveform data synchronously, thereby realizing phase synchronization of the PWM signal and the sampled waveform data.
The fluxgate driving circuit 1042 outputs an excitation signal to the fluxgate sensor 1043 in the three-way acquisition sub-circuit 1041 for driving the fluxgate sensor 1043. For example, the PWM signal may be a signal having a frequency of 10KHz and a duty ratio of 50%, the fluxgate driving circuit 1042 may be a power amplifier, and the PWM signal is amplified by the fluxgate driving circuit 1042 and then sent to the fluxgate sensor 1043.
Each acquisition sub-circuit 1041 comprises a fluxgate sensor 1043, three fluxgate sensors 1043 of the three-way acquisition sub-circuit 1041 are orthogonally installed, each fluxgate sensor 1043 is used for acquiring one of X, Y, Z shaft magnetic fluxes, and the fluxgate sensor 1043 converts the magnetic flux into a voltage signal under the excitation of the fluxgate driving circuit 1042, wherein the magnetic field induction sensitivity of the fluxgate sensor 1043 is less than or equal to 0.1nT, for example, the fluxgate sensor 1043 may select a MAG series fluxgate sensor. For example, fig. 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating a three-way signal output by the fluxgate sensor.
Each fluxgate sensor 1043 is connected to a band-pass filter 1044, the voltage signal output by the fluxgate sensor 1043 includes, in addition to the effective voltage signal, a high-frequency interference component with a large amplitude and a dc offset, the interference source mainly comes from the power supply, the fluxgate driving circuit 1042, the switching noise of the digital circuit and the external electromagnetic interference pulse, therefore, the voltage signal output by the fluxgate sensor 1043 filters the high-frequency interference component and the dc offset through the band-pass filter 1044, the band-pass filter 1044 outputs a second harmonic component which is mainly the voltage signal, and may also include a first harmonic component and a third harmonic component. Alternatively, the band-pass filter 1044 can be implemented by a high-pass filter connected in series with a low-pass filter.
Each band-pass filter 1044 is connected to a gain circuit 1045, the gain circuit 1045 is configured to adjust the signal amplitude within the acquisition range of the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1046, and the gain circuit 1045 outputs the second harmonic component of the amplified voltage signal to the first analog-to-digital converter ADC 1046.
Each of the first analog-to-digital converters ADC1046 converts an input analog signal into a digital signal, for example, the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1046 may be a high-speed 24-bit precision analog-to-digital converter.
The outputs of the three first analog-to-digital converters ADC1046 are all connected to the FPGA1047, and the FPGA1047 is used to store signals obtained after processing by the three acquisition sub-circuits 1041 as sampling waveform data. The FPGA1047 may process the three signals in parallel, buffer the sampled waveform data, and may control the first analog-to-digital converter ADC to collect.
The DSP1041 is connected to the FPGA1047 through a bus, and the DSP1041 is configured to read sampling waveform data stored in the FPGA1047 within a set time period, input the read sampling waveform data to the digital band-pass filter, perform digital band-pass filtering, and extract a second harmonic component in the sampling waveform data to output a filtering signal.
Optionally, digital band-pass filtering is performed on the magnetic level signal according to the excitation signal frequency and the sampling frequency of the first analog-to-digital converter ADC, and the cutoff frequency of the digital band-pass filter may be determined according to the excitation signal frequency and the sampling frequency. According to the electromagnetic induction theory of the fluxgate sensor, the voltage signal output by the fluxgate sensor 1043 includes a harmonic component, wherein the second harmonic component is a signal related to the amplitude of the magnetic field, that is, a signal to be acquired, and the main noise components are the first harmonic component and the third harmonic component, so that the sampled waveform data x (n) needs to be filtered by a digital band-pass filter to extract a waveform x (n) mainly including the second harmonic component, and the transfer function h (z) of the digital band-pass filter can be obtained by the following equations (1) and (2):
wherein: hd(k) Is a frequency sampling window function of the digital band-pass filter, and N is the number of sampling points of the sampled waveform data.
The filtered signal x (n) of the output of the digital band-pass filter can be obtained by the following equation (3):
where x (N) is sampling waveform data, and N is the number of sampling points of the sampling waveform data.
The digital band-pass filter adopted by the embodiment can realize linear undistorted and has high calculation speed by using a non-recursive algorithm.
The DSP1041 performs digital phase-sensitive detection on the filtered signal. Illustratively, the basic principle of digital phase-sensitive detection is to detect the phase between two signals, and to have different transmission characteristics for input signals of different frequencies, and to use a reference signal as the fundamental wave, all even harmonic components are output as zero on average within one period of a carrier signal, i.e. the digital phase-sensitive detection can suppress the even harmonic components. For the odd harmonic component, it is assumed that n is the harmonic component, n is 1,3,5, the amplitude of the output signal is attenuated to 1/n of the fundamental wave, that is, the transmission coefficient of the signal is attenuated as the harmonic number increases, therefore, the digital phase-sensitive detection has a certain suppression effect on the higher harmonics. In the digital phase-sensitive detection calculation method of this embodiment, the frequency of the reference signal is twice the frequency of the excitation signal output by the fluxgate driving circuit 1042, and then the frequency of the second harmonic component in the sampled waveform data is the same as the frequency of the reference signal and the phase thereof is the same, that is, the second harmonic component in the sampled waveform data is equivalent to the first odd harmonic component of the fundamental wave of the digital phase-sensitive detection reference signal, so the amplitude of the second harmonic component in the sampled waveform data is not attenuated by the digital phase-sensitive detection, and other harmonic components are attenuated by the digital phase-sensitive detection.
Illustratively, the digital phase-sensitive detected waveform data f (n) can be obtained by the following formula (4):
f (n) ═ α · x (n) · U (n- θ) formula (4)
Where x (n) is a filtering signal, u (n) is a frequency-doubled reference signal of the excitation signal output by the fluxgate driving circuit 1042, α is a digital phase-sensitive detection adjustment coefficient, and θ is a correction offset coefficient.
The DSP1041 performs digital integration on the waveform data after the digital phase-sensitive detection, and then performs digital low-pass filtering and amplitude extraction to obtain the magnetic field strength.
The basic principle of the digital integrator is the area surrounded by a function curve in a time interval, for example, PWM signal drive closed-loop control, the fluxgate sensor 1043 needs to have a feedback coil and a driving circuit, the fluxgate sensor is difficult to select, and the system operation reliability is reduced, the digital integrator in this embodiment is used for open-loop control of PWM signal drive, and the digital integrator plays a role of smoothing filtering on sampled waveform data, and the calculation method of the digital integrator is as follows: after the signal discretization, the sampled waveform data is summed in a unit time period of the sampling time, and the sampled waveform data is updated in real time, and the integration result s (n) can be calculated by the following equation (5):
wherein, f (N) is waveform data after digital phase-sensitive detection, β is an integration coefficient, N is the number of sampling points in the integration time length, and optionally, N is ρ · 2 · fa/fd，faTo sample frequency, fdIs a fluxgate driving circuit 1042, where ρ is an integer parameter and ρ may be a preset integer.
Certain high-frequency noise components exist in the integrated waveform data, and the high-frequency noise components need to be removed by adopting a digital low-pass filter, so that direct-current components or low-frequency components reflecting the intensity of the measured magnetic field are obtained.
For example, the magnetic field strength may be obtained by using an average value algorithm, and the magnetic field strength y (n) may be calculated by the following formula:
wherein, σ is a voltage amplitude and magnetic field intensity conversion coefficient, S (N) is an integration result, δ is a gain adjustment coefficient, and N is an average data point length.
The DSP1041 sends the magnetic field strength to the central control communication circuit 102, and the central control communication circuit 102 performs detection using the magnetic field strength.
Optionally, the DSP1041 is further configured to: one or more of the excitation signal frequency, the sampling frequency of the first analog-to-digital converter ADC and the gain factor of the gain circuit are adjusted according to the detection result of the magnetic field strength.
Optionally, the magnetic field collection and control circuit 104 may communicate with the central control communication circuit 102 through the bus isolation module 1048. The magnetic field acquisition and control circuit 104 is powered by an isolated power module 107, and the isolated power module 107 is isolated from the power module of the central control communication circuit 102.
In the embodiment, the bus isolation module and the isolation type power supply module are adopted, so that the interference of power supply fluctuation and electromagnetic noise of other parts in the device on the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit is avoided, and the magnetic field acquisition signal is more accurate.
For example, the first ADC1046 may select ADS1675 with 24 bits at high speed of TI, the FPGA1047 may select proaasic chip of ACTEL, the DSP1041 may select SM320F28335-HT, the DSP is floating point type DSP, the operation rate is up to 150MHz, and the temperature performance and the operation speed of the above chips meet the design requirements.
The device for detecting the underground magnetic field while drilling provided by the embodiment outputs the PWM signal to the fluxgate driving circuit through the DSP, meanwhile, the FPGA is controlled to synchronously sample waveform data, the fluxgate driving circuit drives the fluxgate sensor to collect X, Y, Z shaft magnetic flux and convert the magnetic flux into a voltage signal, the voltage signal is converted into sampling waveform data to be stored in the FPGA after sequentially passing through the band-pass filter, the gain circuit and the first analog-to-digital converter, the DSP reads the sampling waveform data in the FPGA, performing digital band-pass filtering on the sampled waveform data, performing digital phase-sensitive detection on a filtered signal obtained by the digital band-pass filtering, and performing digital integration on the waveform data subjected to the digital phase-sensitive detection, performing digital low-pass filtering and amplitude extraction on the waveform data obtained by the digital integration to obtain the magnetic field intensity, and sending the magnetic field intensity to a central control communication circuit, wherein the central control communication circuit performs detection by using the magnetic field intensity. Can effectively filter primary and third harmonic component in the DSP, therefore, band pass filter's band-pass range can set up more extensively, avoid making the second harmonic component to be filtered out because of the interference, and simultaneously, excitation signal's phase place is unanimous with the collection waveform phase place, the processing of sampling waveform data is all gone on in DSP, the digital processing of sampling waveform data has been realized, the temperature drift of device causes the problem that the sampling data precision is low under the high temperature environment has been eliminated, the interference of complex environment to earth magnetic signal collection in the pit has been avoided, thereby the complex environment has been realized in the pit to the detection of magnetic field intensity.
Optionally, the underground magnetic field While-Drilling detection device 100 is powered by a single-core power supply mode, and a single-core bus used for the single-core power supply is further used for transmitting communication data of a measurement While-Drilling (MWD) device communicating with the central control communication circuit 102.
The downhole magnetic field while drilling detection device 100 provided in this embodiment further includes: the single-core power supply and communication module 111, and the central control communication circuit 102 communicates with the MWD device through the single-core power supply and communication module 111.
In this embodiment, the single-core power supply and communication module 111 adopts a single-core power supply and frequency modulation carrier communication bus design, so that power supply for the underground magnetic field detection while drilling device 100 can be realized, and meanwhile, the single-core power supply and communication module 111 can be connected with the central control communication circuit 102 and the MWD device, so that communication between the underground magnetic field detection while drilling device 100 and the MWD device can be realized.
According to the embodiment, through the arrangement of the single-core power supply and communication module, the single-core power supply and communication functions can be realized, and the butt joint between measurement while drilling instruments is facilitated.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-core power supply and communication module, and as shown in fig. 5, the single-core power supply and communication module 111 includes: the circuit comprises a coding and decoding module 1111, a MOS tube 1112, a filter circuit 1113, a filter comparison circuit 1114, a phase-locked loop demodulator 1115, a voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit 1116 and a transformer 1117.
One side of the transformer 1117 is connected with the MOS tube 1112 and is connected with the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit 1116, the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit 1116 is connected with the filter circuit 1113, the filter circuit 1113 is connected with the phase-locked loop demodulator 1115, the phase-locked loop demodulator 1115 is connected with the filter comparison circuit 1114, the filter comparison circuit 1114 is connected with the coding and decoding module 1111, the coding and decoding module 1111 is also connected with the MOS tube 1112 and the central control communication circuit 102 respectively, and the other side of the transformer 1117 is connected with a single-core power supply and communication bus;
the coding and decoding module 1111 receives first communication data sent by the central control communication circuit 102, modulates the first communication data by using two different carrier frequencies to obtain two high-frequency digital signals with opposite polarities, couples the two high-frequency digital signals through the transformer 1117, and outputs a first signal; and/or the transformer is further configured to receive a second signal, the second signal is processed by the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit, the filter circuit 1113, the phase-locked loop demodulator, the filter comparison circuit, and the coding and decoding module 1111 in sequence to obtain second communication data, and the coding and decoding module 1111 sends the second communication data to the central control communication circuit.
In this embodiment, the encoding and decoding module 1111 adopts a frequency modulation encoding design, receives the first communication data sent by the central control communication circuit 102 through a bus, modulates the first communication data by using two different carrier frequencies to obtain high-frequency digital signals with opposite polarities, turns on and off the driving power MOS 1112, couples the driving power MOS and the driving power MOS through a driving winding of the transformer 1117, and outputs a first signal of the high-frequency signal for communication, which is coupled to a direct-current voltage of a single-core power supply and the communication bus; and/or, the receiving winding of the transformer 1117 monitors a second signal on the single-core power supply and communication bus, the second signal outputs a receiving signal through the transformer 1117, the second signal is shaped and demodulated through the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit 1116, the filter circuit 1113, the phase-locked loop demodulator 1115 and the filter comparison circuit 1114, and then the second signal is input into the codec module 1111 to be decoded to obtain second communication data, and the codec module 1111 notifies the central control communication circuit 102 to read the second communication data in an Interrupt (INT) mode. The Voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit 1116 may use two Transient Voltage Supplies (TVS) connected in parallel to clamp the peak Voltage amplitude of the received signal, so that the Voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit protects the post-stage circuit within the safe Voltage range of the input terminal of the post-stage circuit; the filter circuit 1113 is used for filtering noise signals, the single-core power supply and communication module 111 adopts a frequency modulation mode, a main frequency band is in a frequency modulation region, and the filter circuit 1113 can be used for filtering noise signals which are not in the main frequency band; the phase-locked loop demodulator 1115 is used for demodulating two modulation frequencies; the filtering and comparing circuit 1114 is configured to filter high frequency noise in the level signal output by the pll demodulator 1115, compare the level signal with a threshold level, if the level signal is greater than the threshold level, output a digital level signal that is high, and if the level signal is less than the threshold level, output a digital level signal that is low, and send the output digital level signal to the codec module 1111, for example, if the input of the pll demodulator 1115 is a high frequency signal, the output voltage amplitude may be set to 3V, and if the input of the pll demodulator 1115 is a low frequency signal, the output voltage amplitude may be set to 1V, and correspondingly, the threshold level may be set to 2V, and after the filtering and comparing circuit 1114 has filtered the high frequency noise in the level signal output by the pll demodulator 1115, compare the level signal with 2V, and if the input of the pll demodulator 1115 is a high frequency signal, the level signal is 3V, and the digital level signal output by the filter comparator 1114 is high after comparing with 2V.
Optionally, the codec module 1111 may adopt a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD).
For example, the codec module 1111 may be configured to represent a logic "0" level in the first communication data at a carrier frequency of 100kHz and a logic "1" level in the first communication data at a carrier frequency of 200 kHz. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of signal modulation of the single-core power supply and communication module, as shown in fig. 6, S1 is a composite waveform of the single-core power supply and communication bus, the dc offset represents a power supply voltage, and the frequency modulated carrier waveform represents a modulated communication signal on the single-core power supply and communication bus, where the signal is a waveform signal containing two frequency components. S2 is the waveform of the digital logic level output by the phase-locked loop demodulator 1115, and the logic levels "1" and "0" correspond to the "200 kHz" and "100 kHz" frequency waveforms of the S2 carrier waveform, respectively.
In this embodiment, the codec module receives first communication data sent by the central control communication circuit, modulates the first communication data by using two different carrier frequencies to obtain two high-frequency digital signals with opposite polarities, couples the two high-frequency digital signals by using a transformer, and outputs a first signal; and/or the transformer is also used for receiving a second signal, the second signal is processed by the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit, the filter circuit, the phase-locked loop demodulator, the filter comparison circuit and the coding and decoding module in sequence to obtain second communication data, the coding and decoding module sends the second communication data to the central control communication circuit, and through the arrangement of the single-core power supply and communication module, the bit error rate is low, the anti-interference capability is high, and the single-core power supply and communication bus is used as a hard wiring, so that the functions of power supply and communication can be realized at the same time, and the docking between measurement while drilling instruments is facilitated.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a central control communication circuit, and based on any one of the embodiments shown in fig. 1 to 3 and 5, as shown in fig. 7, the central control communication circuit 102 provided in this embodiment includes: a Micro Control Unit (MCU) 1021, a second ADC1022, a bus driver module 1024, and a memory circuit 1025.
The MCU1021 is connected with the coding and decoding module 1111 and the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit 104, and the MCU1021 is further connected with the second analog-to-digital converter ADC1022 and the storage circuit 1025.
In this embodiment, the MCU1021 is used for controlling the operation of the apparatus, and the MCU1021 may communicate with the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit 104, optionally, may also communicate with other apparatuses through the single-core power supply and communication module 111, for example, may communicate with the MWD wireless telemetry unit through the single-core power supply and communication module 111, thereby implementing data interaction between the downhole apparatus and the above-ground apparatus. The storage circuit 1025 is used for storing calculation results and state data of the device during operation, and may include environmental parameter data, instructions and parameters issued by MWD, sampled waveform data, calculation results, battery power consumption duration, and the like. Illustratively, the data stored in the storage circuit 1025 is marked with a Real Time Clock (RTC) for analysis and processing. Optionally, the memory circuit 1025 may employ a large-capacity Nor-type Flash memory Flash chip. The data stored in the memory circuit may provide support for post-test analysis and device modification.
Optionally, the downhole magnetic field while drilling detection device further comprises: high speed data read interface ROP. The ROP is used for a connecting port when the device is tested, and/or wellhead ground equipment reads data of the storage circuit, for example, after the test, the device is connected with the wellhead ground equipment through the ROP, and the wellhead ground equipment can read the data stored in the storage circuit 1025 through the ROP, so that the data stored in the device can be analyzed conveniently; and/or, when testing of the apparatus is required, the ROP may be used to test the connection port, and optionally, the wellhead surface equipment may be a computer.
Optionally, the central control communication circuit 102 further includes one or more of the following modules: the temperature sensor and the voltage monitoring module; the temperature sensor and the voltage monitoring module are connected with the second analog-to-digital converter ADC 1022. The temperature sensor and the voltage monitoring module can realize the collection task of corresponding environment state signals, the collected signals are analog signals, the analog signals are converted into digital signals through the second analog-to-digital converter ADC1022, and the digital signals are transmitted to the MCU1021 at fixed time, so that the running state of the MCU1021 timing monitoring device is realized, and the MCU1021 can perform fault diagnosis according to the environment state signals. The voltage monitoring module is used for monitoring the power supply voltage of +5V, -5V and single-core power supply/battery, and the temperature sensor is used for collecting the ambient temperature. Optionally, the MCU1021 may adopt a PIC18F series 150-degree HT single-chip microcomputer, the maximum operating frequency of the single-chip microcomputer can reach 64MHz, and both the processing speed and the temperature performance meet the requirements of the operating environment.
Optionally, the downhole magnetic field while drilling detection device further comprises: a three-axis accelerometer 103 and a low pass filter 1023.
The tri-axial accelerometer 103 is connected to a low pass filter 1023 and the low pass filter 1023 is connected to a second analog to digital converter ADC 1022.
In this embodiment, the three-axis accelerometer 103 is used for measuring the gravity acceleration data of the device, Gx, Gy, and Gz are accelerometer signals of three orthogonal axes measured by the three-axis accelerometer 103, and the measurement range of the accelerometer signals may be greater than or equal to-2G and less than or equal to 2G, after high-frequency noise is filtered by the low-pass filter 1023, the accelerometer signals enter the second analog-to-digital converter ADC1022 to perform analog-to-digital conversion to obtain the gravity acceleration data, and the gravity acceleration data is sent to the central control communication circuit 102.
Illustratively, the central control communication circuit 102 is further configured to determine the spatial attitude of the device itself according to the gravitational acceleration data and the magnetic field strength, wherein the central control communication circuit 102 can calculate the well deviation, the orientation, and the tool face of the device, i.e., the spatial attitude of the device itself, according to the gravitational acceleration data and the magnetic field strength calculated by the DSP 1041.
In this embodiment, the central control communication circuit includes: MCU, second analog-to-digital converter ADC, bus drive module and memory circuit. The MCU is connected with the coding and decoding module and the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit, is also connected with the second analog-to-digital converter ADC and the storage circuit, is used for controlling the operation of the device, and can be communicated with the MWD wireless telemetering unit to realize the real-time monitoring of the operation state of the device, fault diagnosis and data storage.
Optionally, the downhole magnetic field while drilling detection device further comprises: an external battery compartment. The external battery bin is used for installing a battery, the battery is a standby power supply of the device, and when the power supply of an external power supply is interrupted, the device can be powered through the battery. Battery compartment, power module provide the power conversion for the power consumption demand of each unit, and the power demand has: +5V, -5V. The power supply of the single-core power supply and communication bus is introduced from a carrier coupling winding tap of the transformer 1117, an inductor can be connected in series for isolating a high-frequency carrier communication signal, and then the inductor and the battery bin are connected in parallel to the power supply module through a diode, the power supply voltage of the single-core power supply and communication bus power supply can be higher than the battery voltage in the battery bin, and if an external power supply supplies power on the single-core power supply and communication bus, the external power supply of the single-core power supply and communication bus is used for supplying power.
This embodiment, through the setting of external battery compartment, can guarantee when external power supply breaks down, the device can use the battery in the battery compartment to supply power, guarantees that the device normally works.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A downhole magnetic field while drilling detection device, comprising: the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit and the central control communication circuit;
the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit comprises: the magnetic field acquisition circuit, the digital signal processing unit DSP and the fluxgate driving circuit;
the magnetic field acquisition circuit comprises three acquisition sub-circuits and a field programmable logic array (FPGA), each acquisition sub-circuit comprises a fluxgate sensor, a band-pass filter, a gain circuit and a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) which are sequentially connected, the fluxgate sensor is excited by the fluxgate driving circuit, each acquisition sub-circuit is used for acquiring and processing one magnetic flux of X, Y, Z shaft magnetic fluxes, and the FPGA is used for storing signals obtained after the three acquisition sub-circuits are processed into sampling waveform data;
the DSP is used for carrying out digital band-pass filtering on the sampled waveform data, carrying out digital phase-sensitive detection on a filtering signal obtained by the digital band-pass filtering, carrying out digital integration on the waveform data after the digital phase-sensitive detection, and carrying out digital low-pass filtering and amplitude extraction on the waveform data obtained by the digital integration to obtain the magnetic field intensity;
and the DSP sends the magnetic field intensity to the central control communication circuit.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit communicates with the central control communication circuit through a bus isolation module;
the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit is powered by an isolated power supply module, and the isolated power supply module is isolated from the power supply module of the central control communication circuit.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the DSP is specifically configured to:
carrying out digital band-pass filtering on the sampled waveform data according to the excitation signal frequency and the sampling frequency of the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC);
the DSP is further used for adjusting one or more of the excitation signal frequency, the sampling frequency of the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the gain coefficient of the gain circuit according to the detection result of the magnetic field intensity.
4. The device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the device is powered by a single-core power supply mode, a single-core bus adopted by the single-core power supply mode is further used for transmitting communication data of the MWD device for measurement while drilling and the central control communication circuit;
the device also comprises a single-core power supply and communication module, and the central control communication circuit is communicated with the MWD device through the single-core power supply and communication module.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said single core power and communications module comprises:
the device comprises a coding and decoding module, an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube, a filter circuit, a filter comparison circuit, a phase-locked loop demodulator, a voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit and a transformer;
one side of the transformer is connected with the MOS tube and the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit, the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit is connected with the filter circuit, the filter circuit is connected with the phase-locked loop demodulator, the phase-locked loop demodulator is connected with the filter comparison circuit, the filter comparison circuit is connected with the coding and decoding module, the coding and decoding module is also connected with the MOS tube and the central control communication circuit respectively, and the other side of the transformer is connected with a single-core power supply and communication bus;
the encoding and decoding module receives first communication data sent by the central control communication circuit, modulates the first communication data by adopting two different carrier frequencies to obtain two paths of high-frequency digital signals with opposite polarities, couples the two paths of high-frequency digital signals with opposite polarities through the transformer and outputs a first signal; and/or
The transformer is also used for receiving a second signal, the second signal sequentially passes through the voltage amplitude limiting protection circuit, the filter circuit, the phase-locked loop demodulator, the filter comparison circuit and the coding and decoding module to be processed to obtain second communication data, and the coding and decoding module sends the second communication data to the central control communication circuit.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the central communication circuit comprises:
the micro control unit MCU, the second analog-to-digital converter ADC, the bus driving module and the storage circuit are arranged in the memory;
the MCU is connected with the coding and decoding module and the magnetic field acquisition and control circuit, and is also connected with the second analog-to-digital converter ADC and the storage circuit;
the MCU is used for controlling the operation of the device.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the central communication circuit further comprises: the temperature sensor and the voltage monitoring module;
and the temperature sensor or the voltage monitoring module is respectively connected with the second analog-to-digital converter ADC.
8. The apparatus of any one of claims 5-7, further comprising: a low pass filter and a three-axis accelerometer;
the three-axis accelerometer is used for measuring gravity acceleration data of the device;
the triaxial accelerometer is connected with the low-pass filter, and the low-pass filter is connected with the second analog-to-digital converter (ADC);
and the central control communication circuit is also used for determining the self space attitude of the device according to the gravity acceleration data and the magnetic field intensity.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising: an external battery compartment;
the external battery bin is used for installing a battery; the battery is a standby power supply;
and when the power supply of the single-core power supply and the power supply of the communication bus are interrupted, the device is powered by the battery.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising: and the high-speed data reading interface ROP is used for a connecting port when the device is tested, and/or the wellhead surface equipment reads the data of the storage circuit.
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| CN112798991B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-23 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | High-speed processing device for induction signals of fluxgate magnetometer |
| CN115250140B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2024-06-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Wireless electromagnetic repeater transmission device while drilling |
| CN113759808A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-07 | 湖北三江航天万峰科技发展有限公司 | Fan monitoring system, method and device and computer storage medium |
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| EP1338900A2 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2003-08-27 | National University of Ireland, Galway | An excitation circuit for a fluxgate sensor |
| CN102830371A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-12-19 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Signal processing circuit of fluxgate sensor |
| CN105044792B (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2018-06-19 | 长江大学 | Ground-well time-frequency electromagnetic survey data harvester and method |
| CN108572335A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-25 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A kind of circuit for fluxgate signal processing |
| CN107422282B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2020-05-01 | 成都理工大学 | Digital spherical three-axis fluxgate magnetometer |
| CN108592949B (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2022-07-12 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Azimuth drilling tool magnetic interference correction method and system |
| CN208870585U (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-05-17 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | A kind of measuring instrument for downhole drill anti-collision |
| CN110344823B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | While-drilling gamma resistivity imaging logging instrument based on rotary steering tool |
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